From Waste Management to Circular Economy in Indonesian context

Moderator: Martin van Nieuwenhoven , October 26, 2018 HOLLAND CIRCULAR HOTSPOT Dutch circular solutions for global challenges

Companies

CIRCULAR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Knowledge Institutes EXCHANGE KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION

Government GOVERNMENT2GOVERNMENT COLLABORATION

SHARING INNOVATION PROGRAMME

• 09:45 - 09:50 Introductory remarks • Mr. Roald Lapperre, Vice Minister of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management • 09:50 - 10:00 Waste management in Indonesian context • Mr. Novrizal Tahar, Director Waste Management, Ministry of Environment and forestry • 10:00 - 10:10 Findings of the Danish Jakarta study • Mr. Per Rasmussen, Natl Programme Adviser Danida Environmental Support Programme, phase 3 (ESP3) • 10:10 - 10:25 Inspiring ideas for : European examples for Integrated Solid Waste Management • Mr. Herman Huisman, senior advisor international cooperation • 10:25 - 10:40 Inspiring ideas for Indonesia: Experiences from global cooperation projects • Mr. Herman Huisman, • 10:40 - 11:10 Panel: how to make it actionable and scale-up • Mr. Novrisan, Director Management of Waste and Dangerous Substances in Indonesia • Mrs. Retno Hapsari, Director of XS Project • Mrs. Wilda Yanti, Director of PT Xaviera Global Synergy • 11.10 – 11.15 Wrap-up by • Mr. Herman Huisman

SHARING INNOVATION SPEAKERS

SHARING INNOVATION REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

NOVRIZAL TAHAR DIRECTOR OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

HOLLAND CIRCULAR HOTSPOT, AYANA MIDPLAZA, 26 OCTOBER 2018 THE NATIONAL SITUATIONS ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

MINDSET

DEVELOPMENT INCREASING OF LESS PUBLIC INCREASING TYPE AND OF SW LIFE STYLE AMOUNT OF SOLID POPULATION AWARENESS TECHNOLOGY WASTE PRODUCTION

SHARING INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND REGULATION IN INDONESIA

INDONESIAN CONSTITUTION 1945

LAW 32/2009 LAW 18/2008 Environmental Article 28H: Solid Waste Protection and A proper and healthy environment Management Management constitutes a human right of every Indonesian citizen

• Improve environmental quality to • Population and consumption pattern sustain our life increase both amount and type of waste • Encounter global warming • Waste needs to be managed integrally and • Assure legal certainty and provide comprehensively protection of human right • Assure legal certainty and clear role-sharing among stakeholders

Protect living environment from pollution and damage, guaranteeing human safety, health, and life for Improve human health, environmental achieving sustainable development quality and utilize waste to resource POLICY TRANSFORMATION (Law No. 18/2008, Govt Reg No. 81/2012 & Presidential Decree No. 97/2017)

SHIFTING THE PARADIGM

END OF PIPE SOLUTION 3R & EPR CIRCULAR ECONOMY

• WASTE JUST POLLUTANT LOADS • REDUCE WASTE AS POLLUTANT • LESS WASTE BY DESIGN LOADS • NO WASTE REDUCTION • MAKE WASTE A NEW LIFE AS • REDUCTION AT SOURCE LONG AS POSSIBLE • NO WASTE TO RESOURCE • WASTE TO RESOURCE • CIRCULAR ECONOMY • NO RESOURCE EFFICIENCY • RESOURCE EFFICIENCY • SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND • FULL VIRGIN RESOURCE COMMUNITIES (SDG GOAL NO 11) EXTRACTION • LIMIT VIRGIN RESOURCE EXTRACTION • RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION & • LINIER ECONOMY PRODUCTION (SDG GOAL NO 12) • PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

Before law Law implementation Advance implementation8 NATIONAL SOLID WASTE PROFILE SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION Fabric Glases Material 3,5% 1,7% Others 2,4% FOOD WASTE Rubber 5,5% GARDENING WASTE Steel 4,3% PAPER WASTE Paper 9% PLASTIC WASTE Plastic 14% Organic 60% STEEL SCRAP FABRIC MATERIAL RUBBER WASTE GLASES WASTE OTHERS Source: Adipura Secretariat, 2013 CHANGING COMPOSITION: • DECREASED OFORGANICWASTE : 60% (2013)  57% (2016) • INCREASED OF PLASTIC WASTE: 14% (2013)  16% (2016)

Trend of PlasticPertambahan Waste Production Volume Timbulan in 22 Big Sampah and PlastikMetropolitan Cities di 22 Kota Metropolitan dan Besar SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE 1,400,000,00

1,200,000,00

1,000,000,00

800,000,00

600,000,00

400,000,00

200,000,00

0,00 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 SHARING INNOVATION SOLID WASTE POTENTIAL AS RESOURCE MATERIAL Composition Amount No Usage Type % (tons) 1 Compostable 57 37,480,198.27 Compost, biogas, heat, organic electricity 2 Plastic 16 10,520,757.41 Raw material, heat electricity 3 Paper 10 6,575,473.38 Raw material 4 Metal 4 2,630,189.35 Raw material 5 Rubber 2 1,315,094.68 Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) 6 Textile 3 1,972,642.01 Raw material 7 Glass 2 1,315,094.68 Raw material 8 Others 6 3,945,284.03 Others TOTAL 100 65,754,733.81 Source:MoEF Indonesia, 2016-2017 NATIONAL STRATEGY AND POLICY OF SWM REGULATIONS APPROACHES

GOOD ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH QUALITY

- PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO 97 YEAR CLEAN INDONESIA 2017 ON JAKSTRANAS PROGRAM 2020 - ACT NO 18YEAR 2008SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT - GOVT.REGULATION NO 81YEAR 2012 HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND HOUSEHOLD-LIKE WASTE MANAGEMENT - MINISTERIAL DECREE NO 13 YEAR 2012 3R AND WASTE BANK - MINISTERIAL DECREE NO 53 YEAR 2016 ADIPURA PROGRAM - MINISTERIAL DECREE NO 59 YEAR 2016LEACHATE STANDARD (TPA) - MINISTERIAL DECREE NO 70 YEAR 2016 EMISSION STANDARD OF INSINERATOIN PROCESS FOR SW - PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NMBER 35 YEAR 2018 REGARDING THE ACCELELRATION SHARING INNOVATION National Target of Solid Waste Management (Presidential Decree No 97/2017)

National Target on Solid Waste Management Indicator 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Solid Waste Estimation 64.4 65.2 65.8 66.5 67.1 67.8 68.5 69.2 69.9 70.6 71.3 (Million Ton) Solid Waste Reduction 10% 12% 15% 18% 20% 22% 24% 26% 27% 28% 30% (6.44) (7.82) (9.89) (12 ) (13.4) (14.) (16.4) (17.99) (18.9) (19.7) (20.9) (Million Ton) Solid Waste Handling (Million Ton) 70% 71% 72% 73 % 75% 75% 74% 73% 72% 71% 70% (45) (46) (47.3) (48,5) (50.3) (50.8) (50.7) (50.52) (50.3) (50.1) (49.9)

1. Under the Precidential Decree No. 97/2017 stated the national target of solid waste management are 100% well managed in years 2025 by; . 30% of waste reduction . 70% 0f waste handled 2. In year 2025, there is no littering of solid waste in the river, beach, ocean, open dumping system and open burning SHARING INNOVATION POLICY DIRECTIVE MEASUREMENT (Presidential Regulation Number 97 Year 2017)

1. DERCREASE WASTE GENERATION PER CAPITA 30% WASTE REDUCTION 2. DECREASE WASTE GENERATION AT SOURCE BY 2025 3. DECREASE WASTE TO LANDFILL 4. DECREASE WASTE TO ENVIRONMENT

1. INCREASE WASTE TO RECYCLE AND RECOVER 70% WASTE HANDLING 2. DECREASE WASTE TO LANDFILL BY 2025 3. DECREASE WASTE TO ENVIRONMENT

13 Scheme of Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy of Solid Waste Management

SUSTAINABLE RENEWABLE RESOURCES Replace Natural CONSUMPTION Resources

.Composting Organic Waste Energy .Biogas Recovery Plastic Waste Recycle Centre Facility Paper Waste Solid Waste Material Recycle Recovery Industry Management Glasses Waste Waste Bank Steel Scrap

Residue TPA Energy Recovery

REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE The Implementation of3R Progam of Solid Waste Management through the Waste Bank to Promote Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy

. Total Waste Bank is about 5,244 spreading in 34 provinces and 219 cities in Indonesia . Waste Bank create social engineering of sorting process to implement 3R prorgam in the community . Waste reduction from the sources . Need more time and excellent methode to make this program massive in Indonesia

15 SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM CIRCULAR ECONOMY OF THE WASTE BANK

2. Create job opportunity for community 1.Jumlah Increased Sampah solid Yang terkelolawaste treateddi Bank Sampah in the source(Ton/Tahun) (ton/year)

1,585,013

1,387,010

1,096,906 1,099,188

817,027

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pertumbuhan Omset Bank Sampah Persentase pengurangan Sampah di 1,70% 4. Circular Economy (Income) Bank 3.sampah Contribute terhadap to Sampah the national Nasional waste reduction 2018 1,595,493,825

2017 1,515,449,825

2016 1,145,731,446

2015 1,009,625,043

0,14% 2014 0,01% 0,01% 1,009,625,043

2014 2015 1 2016 2017 0 500,000,000 Average1,000,000,000 per year (IDR)1,500,000,000 2,000,000,000 Industrials Sectors Put Into Action of the Circular Economy

1. PRODUCERS OBLIGUE TO REDUCE WASTE DERIVED FROM THEIR PRODUCT AND 10-YEARLY EPR PACKAGING BY DOING RE-DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION RECYCLE, AND REUSE ROADMAP 2. MAIN PRODUCERS: BRAND OWNER, RETAIL, AND FOOD/BEVERAGE SERVICE

1. PLASTIC BAG FEE 2. NO PROVISION PLASTIC BAG INSTEAD OF SINGLE USE PLASTIC BAG REUSABLE SHOPPING BAG REDUCTION 3. PROVIDE BIO-BASED SHOPPING BAG 4. PROVIDE RECYCLEABLE AND REUSABLE PLASTIC BAG BUT MUST BE TAKEN BACK FOR RECYCLING

17 Promoting of Energy Recovery of Solid Waste Management

12 cities are targeted under the Presidential Regulation No 35 Presidential Regulation; Invesment Mechanism: Year 2018 Regardingthe DKIJakarta,, South  Govenment to governtment (G to Acceleration of thermal Tangerang, Bekasi, Bandung, G) Process Ffor Solid Waste Semarang, Surakarta, Surabaya,  Public private partnership (PPP) Treament Makassar, Denpasar, Palembang  Business to business (B to B) Manado  Busines to govenment (B to G) THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH

19 WASTE MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN DKI JAKARTA

SUMMARY PRESENTED AT EU SEMINAR ON WASTE AND CIRCULAR WCONOMY OCTOBER 25, 2018 Background

Revision of the existing Master Plan for Waste Management in DKI Jakarta to offer the best possible solutions for managing all the municipal solid waste generated within DKI Jakarta. In 2018, the DKI Jakarta Environment Department will undertake a revision of the Master Plan project covering the 3Rs, waste collection and transport, so the revision focused on the waste treatment, covering waste-to-energy, as well as other methods and technologies.

Slide 21 SHARING INNOVATION Objective The objective of this consultancy was:

to assist with and provide technical inputs to a revision of the Master Plan for Waste Management in DKI Jakarta in compliance with present Indonesian policies, and to identify obstacles and opportunities for generating waste-based energy with a view to recommending general designs of ITF and TPS.

Slide 22 SHARING INNOVATION Area Covered by Plan Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, occupies a total land area of 662 square kilometers and had a total population of 10 million in 2014 plus about 3.0 million daily commuters from the adjacent areas. The city is divided into five municipalities (“Kota Administratif”): , West Jakarta, , and . The city also includes the Thousand Islands area.

Slide 23 SHARING INNOVATION Main Treatment Recommendations Establish waste-to-energy facilities in Jakarta. Remember to tender these professionally (international tender)! Make Refuse Derived Fuel for use in cement kilns in collaboration with Lafarge-Holcim. Rehabilitate and operate the existing dry anaerobic digestor in Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta and duplicate the experience in other locations.

Slide 24 SHARING INNOVATION Other Recommendations

• Split out the waste management operations from the Department of Environment, so that the same unit is not responsible both as operator and regulator. • Initiate long-term planning on waste reduction programmes, especially on initiatives such as an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) programme for mobile phones.

Slide 25 SHARING INNOVATION Other Recommendations

• Allocate resources to ensure waste collection from areas that are not served at present. • The current system where unlicensed vehicles collect commercial waste is very vulnerable to illegal dumping and should be properly regulated. • Consider doing a lot of waste transport at night to avoid traffic jams.

Slide 26 SHARING INNOVATION Other Recommendations

• Study how to improve the operating and environmental standards at the Bantar Gebang Landfill. • Plan long-term to transport waste in shipping containers by train or barge. Establish a new waste treatment & disposal facility far from Jakarta within reach of a harbour or a rail line.

Slide 27 SHARING INNOVATION Thank you!

Sunter Waste-to-Energy facility (drawing by Babcock & Wilcox Vølund, the technology supplier).

SHARING INNOVATION Inspiring ideas for Indonesia: European examples for Integrated Solid Waste Management

SHARING INNOVATION Historical overview policy on waste (& resources)

Management scale Preservation of prosperity Resource Global management Circular Environmental National Protection Integrated economy Public waste health policy Regional Control & waste Technical prevention Collection Municipal

1875 1975 1990 2013 2016

SHARING INNOVATION Critical success factors Waste Management in general

Content: • Waste hierarchy (since 1979) • Producer responsibility • Minimum standards • Landfill and incineration taxes/landfill bans • Separate collection of waste streams System: • Adequate planning system • (Municipal) Waste tax that covers all costs • Cooperation between government authorities • Involvement of waste management industry & NGO’s • Consensus on data • Monitoring & enforcement system Performance: 2-3% landfilling, 81% Recycling; 17% WtE Introduce extended producers responsibility

 Create a stable collection system  Create awareness and environmentally responsible behavior  Contribute to “design for recycling” and “ecodesign”  Prevent illegal trade and export  Annual Reporting on collection and recycling performance  Contribute in shift to refurbisch, repair, re-manufacture, part harvesting

Ministry of infrastructure & Environment

EPR regulation and control

Batteries WEEE Packaging Car tyres ELV

32 Performance MSW 2016 (Eurostat) Amsterdam High Efficiency WtE Technology With a strong Business Case and lowest social cost High Efficiency WtE has a negative Carbon footprint

SHARING INNOVATION Moving towards Resource Management

PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION END OF LIFE

Extraction Preparing for Re-use Manufacturing Transport Distribution Purchasing Use Re-use Separate Collection Recycling

Reduction at source Sustainable consumption Other treatment and recovery

Avoided waste flows Diverted waste flows

Waste Minimization

WASTE PREVENTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DUTCH PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

The Dutch Policy Example

Objectives of the Dutch government • A circular economy by 2050 • 50% reduction in use of raw materials by 2030

SHARING INNOVATION Program structure: 5 Transition Agendas

Transition Agendas (priorities )

Biomass Plastics Production Construction Consumer & Food Industry goods

Interventions

Legislation & Market Financing Knowledge & International Regulation incentives Innovation cooperation

SHARING INNOVATION DUTCH PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Visualising Circular Economy: “the Value Hill”

SHARING INNOVATION DUTCH PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Rethink! MAKE AND USE PRODUCTS SMARTER REFUSE RETHINK REDUCE TRADITIONAL 3-Rs PRODUCT AND PARTS LIFE EXTENSION Future REDUCE RE-USE focus? RE-USE REPAIR RECYCLE REFURBISH REMANUFACTURE REPURPOSE

VALORISATION OF MATERIALS Present RECYCLE focus? RECOVER

SHARING INNOVATION Waste is a choice The choice is (y)ours Inspiring ideas for Indonesia: Experiences from global cooperation projects in: Sweepsmart, Tanzania, and Colombia

SHARING INNOVATION Efficient segregated waste handling to clean the streets, increase Our vision recycling, reduce landfills and create jobs to be proud of!

Mixed waste Dumping Recyclable waste

Households

Now Landfill/ Door2Door Trucks Waste-to- collection Energy

Existing (informal) recycling sector

Smart Segregated Waste Recyclable Centre Organic

vision Reject Households Door2Door Organic (source collection Waste segregated) (segregated) processing

Processing

SweepSmart Trucks / Landfill Our solution – Smart operations and data management based on Smart Waste optimized hardware, building, processes and a dashboard Centre

Hardware Dashboard

Processes Training

Building

Optional: compost/biogas Our solution – We tripled capacity, increased recycling and drastically improved Smart Waste Centre hygiene and ergonomics in 3 centres in Bangalore

• Capacity: 1-1.5T/day Capacity: 3-4T/day • Sort ~6-8 streams at once Sort ~36 streams at once • Low value material sent to landfill Low value material sorted > fuel Before • Squatting, mosquitos, rats Ergonomic & hygienic work After • Dirty, smelly and unorganised Clean landmark in the neighbourhood!

Our partners/ customers: Our solution – An efficient integrated segregated SWM system Integrated SWM based on four principles - for a clean city!

1 Segregated handling in 3 main streams 2 Awareness and logistics go hand-in-hand

Simple but efficient collection & Users pay in return for good service 3 4 transport – Europe meets India including feedback We have experience with various waste Credentials management projects in India and abroad

Six-month project for ELCITA to improve source segregation at Three facilities in Bangalore: Electronics City companies • Waste collection & facility of • Electronic City Township Authority • Dry Waste Collection Centre of • BBMP (Bangalore Municipality) • Aggregation centre for Hasiru Dala

Waste management gap analysis for two of Wipro’s largest campuses in Bangalore

Supporting British company Systemiq Technical support in setting up an in Indonesia to set up a solid waste integrated solid waste management management facility for project STOP system for EcoHub project, Bangalore Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Challenges 1. 4,500 tons waste/day; 10% growth/year 2. Less than 50% of households serviced 3. Only 20% of waste reaches dump site 4. It’s a long drive to the dump for garbage trucks 5. Waste fee collection is highly insufficient 6. Waste contributes to cholera outbreaks

48 Netherlands - Tanzania cooperation on Waste Management Netherlands - Tanzania cooperation on Waste Management Goals (in 5 yrs starting from project take-off)

To further regionalize waste To increase coverage of waste collection services in management in Dar es Salaam, e.g. Dar es Salaam to a minimum of 90% of the by the establishment of a population; organize awareness programs in Metropolitan Waste Authority 1 cooperation with local NGO’s Better waste service 55 2 WasteWaste Optimized cooperationcooperation waste Waste Goals logistics Dar es Salaam To improve the collection and transport of MSW, a.o. through the use of waste transfer stations, with option of MRF’s To establish a public waste fee 4 3 collection system on the basis Cost UpgradePugu Pugu To remediate, upgrade and expand of full cost recovery and Cost the dump site to the standards of a differentiated fees based on coverage sustainablelandfill controlled landfill and extend its affordability remaining life span by at least 20 years. MRF constructed to accommodate the waste pickers; composted “organics” used a daily cover 49 SHARING INNOVATION EPR Packaging in Colombia: 5 years

Creation of PRO

Current situation In 5 years: Colombia: • PRO is well • Lack of Pilot projects established experience EPR • Systems have packaging • Lack of trust Coordination Government – PRO – (municipalities) been well between actors developed and • Lack of baseline tested information Information system • Targets are set • Insufficient • Geographic infrastructure Creation of infrastructure scope defined • The position of • List of materials the waste finalized pickers is not Professionalizing the waste pickers clear

Now In 5 years SHARING INNOVATION FORMALIZATION OF RECYCLING ORGANIZATIONS

5th Year 4th th Year - Report Financial 3 Statements 2th Year - PQR report - Map of the area -Plan of of ​​provision in MAGNA-SIRGAS Year -Reports Macro- Emergencies and routes contingencies 12 Months - Scale Calibration - Certificate of Acces to the labor competences 2 Months register - Staff by rate - Services briefcase - Supervisors and employment 1 Month - Business control system category Contract Uniform Strengthening Plan - Service provision Conditions - User database - Define service area program - Web page - Report quantities - Vehicle registration

ster in ster - ECA registration SSPD

Regi Recyclers as entrepreneurs = People lending the activity of take advantage of Formalization process of waste recyclers organizations waste.

SHARING INNOVATION Waste tariff system in Colombia

Nationwide every municipality has to divide their territory in 6 districts: 1-3 pay less than the costs; 5-6 subsidize 1-3; 4 pays the actual costs

SHARING INNOVATION Team Decree 838 Including recycling activities in the National tariff system of Colombia

SHARING INNOVATION Panel: how to make it actionable and scale-up Mr. Novrisan, Director Management of Waste and Dangerous Substances in Indonesia Mrs. Retno Hapsari, Director of XS Project Mrs. Wilda Yanti, Director of PT Xaviera Global Synergy

SHARING INNOVATION