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The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E
Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 3 August 2016 The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E. Warden Oglethorpe University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur Part of the Canadian History Commons, European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Warden, Donald E. (2016) "The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus," Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Cover Page Footnote I would like to thank my honors thesis committee: Dr. Michael Rulison, Dr. Kathleen Peters, and Dr. Nicholas Maher. I would also like to thank my friends and family who have supported me during my time at Oglethorpe. Moreover, I would like to thank my academic advisor, Dr. Karen Schmeichel, and the Director of the Honors Program, Dr. Sarah Terry. I could not have done any of this without you all. This article is available in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 Warden: Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Part I: Piecing Together the Puzzle Recent discoveries utilizing satellite technology from Sarah Parcak; archaeological sites from the 1960s, ancient, fantastical Sagas, and centuries of scholars thereafter each paint a picture of Norse-Indigenous contact and relations in North America prior to the Columbian Exchange. -
3P OHIO. Beyond the Dreamers, and the Approach to the Infernal Regions
beyond the dreamers, and the approach Iona or the Irish were not, perhaps, the Sfcakcspcaro at Sohpol.' of London, has recently proposed a what chance there would be in the to the infernal regions was neiir at hand. first tishers or oven forgotten colonists plan for the abolition of tho liver. It is citv for .him. The country seems small Froni various sources, contemporary & well-known principle of the develop to him; the city large. He feels the 3P The polar ico* snow and darkness were at that strange island. According to nndyquasi-oontemporary, we may form naturally supposed to be pretty near Tacitus an expedition sent by Agricola ment, theory that an organ or limb gqsjsip that-flutters ,about his ears to-be a/trustworthy -general estimate of which is notused-grMual&disappears. disgusting and degrading; and chafes the point where extremes meet. Turn conquered the inhabitants of the Ork Shakespeare's course of inatructioa. ing away from this awful country, the neys -And proceeded so far into the Thus; the ancestral tail of the human under ~the Bondage^ imposed -by Bis OHIO. during his school days. At that time, species disappeared affervprimeval man neighbors through .their surveillance'of Argonauts, with favoring winds, 'sailed Northern Ocean as even to see Thulo as we nave seen, boys usually^ went to into tha ocean of the west, passing (Icelandic a nlace of show and winjtry ceased tQ use it in climbuuzixaaa. ami JUxaLnrltlainm txrwcm^WlLUiaotuma Ha ror^somerea- the latesVsevenuyears or age, BJRTCTP »>M'>T» mj auuvuia -xatxm- vrnv xivsuu Pillars of Hercules (the Straits of Gib the land of the Sviones (SoandinavTans) the practice of cramping tnemvcogetn "— —1 hn tered at once upon the. -
9 · the Growth of an Empirical Cartography in Hellenistic Greece
9 · The Growth of an Empirical Cartography in Hellenistic Greece PREPARED BY THE EDITORS FROM MATERIALS SUPPLIED BY GERMAINE AUJAe There is no complete break between the development of That such a change should occur is due both to po cartography in classical and in Hellenistic Greece. In litical and military factors and to cultural developments contrast to many periods in the ancient and medieval within Greek society as a whole. With respect to the world, we are able to reconstruct throughout the Greek latter, we can see how Greek cartography started to be period-and indeed into the Roman-a continuum in influenced by a new infrastructure for learning that had cartographic thought and practice. Certainly the a profound effect on the growth of formalized know achievements of the third century B.C. in Alexandria had ledge in general. Of particular importance for the history been prepared for and made possible by the scientific of the map was the growth of Alexandria as a major progress of the fourth century. Eudoxus, as we have seen, center of learning, far surpassing in this respect the had already formulated the geocentric hypothesis in Macedonian court at Pella. It was at Alexandria that mathematical models; and he had also translated his Euclid's famous school of geometry flourished in the concepts into celestial globes that may be regarded as reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 B.C.). And it anticipating the sphairopoiia. 1 By the beginning of the was at Alexandria that this Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy I Hellenistic period there had been developed not only the Soter, a companion of Alexander, had founded the li various celestial globes, but also systems of concentric brary, soon to become famous throughout the Mediter spheres, together with maps of the inhabited world that ranean world. -
Memoirs of Hydrography
MEMOIRS 07 HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885 COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N. I 1s t tw o PARTS. P a r t II.—1830 t o 1885. EASTBOURNE: HENRY W. KEAY, THE “ IMPERIAL LIBRARY.” iI i / PREF A CE. N the compilation of Part II. of the Memoirs of Hydrography, the endeavour has been to give the services of the many excellent surveying I officers of the late Indian Navy, equal prominence with those of the Royal Navy. Except in the geographical abridgment, under the heading of “ Progress of Martne Surveys” attached to the Memoirs of the various Hydrographers, the personal services of officers still on the Active List, and employed in the surveying service of the Royal Navy, have not been alluded to ; thereby the lines of official etiquette will not have been over-stepped. L. S. D. January , 1885. CONTENTS OF PART II ♦ CHAPTER I. Beaufort, Progress 1829 to 1854, Fitzroy, Belcher, Graves, Raper, Blackwood, Barrai, Arlett, Frazer, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Collinson, Lloyd, Otter, Kellett, La Place, Schubert, Haines,' Nolloth, Brock, Spratt, C. G. Robinson, Sheringham, Williams, Becher, Bate, Church, Powell, E. J. Bedford, Elwon, Ethersey, Carless, G. A. Bedford, James Wood, Wolfe, Balleny, Wilkes, W. Allen, Maury, Miles, Mooney, R. B. Beechey, P. Shortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman, Drury, Barrow, Christopher, John Wood, Harding, Kortright, Johnson, Du Petit Thouars, Lawrance, Klint, W. Smyth, Dunsterville, Cox, F. W. L. Thomas, Biddlecombe, Gordon, Bird Allen, Curtis, Edye, F. -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
Maldivian Tidbits Flavours to Savour
ISSUE 01 | 2018 MAGAZINE MALDIVIAN TIDBITS FLAVOURS TO SAVOUR PELAGIC MALDIVES MORE THAN SEEING CULTURAL CASTAWAYS THE SEA Smile all the stay in the Maldives Your fantasy of a laid-back, desert island paradise is about to come true. 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 7 The freshly-renovated LUX* South Ari Atoll brings an entirely original vibe of coastal, Indian Ocean's World's Leading Sri Lanka's Leading Water Villa Water Villa Resort Best Resort Spa beach house chic holiday. Yes, it’s the Maldives - but not as you know it. Resort MAURITIUS • RÉUNION • MALDIVES • CHINA • TURKEY • VIETNAM • U.A.E • ITALY LUX_Inflight Mag_Issue18.indd 1 12/5/17 9:26 AM & D no jus tak holida . Tak enjoy real hospitality KANUHURA ELEGANT TRAVEL IS YOUR PREMIUM PARTNER FOR paradis. THE MALDIVES WITH AN INCOMPAREABLE RANGE OF EXCLUSIVE SERVICES: VAKKARU • VIP arrival service • Upgrades on availability • Top VIP status • Best villa locations • Customized holiday experiences Diamonds Athuruga Diamonds Thudufushi Luxury Water Villas Resort Luxury Water Villas Resort & & We regularly visit the most exclusive Luxury Spa Resort Luxury Beach Resort resorts and come back with Indian Ocean 2017 Winner Indian Ocean Islands 2017 Winner breathtaking moments, which we want CHEVAL BLANC to share with you. RANDHELI SONEVA FUSHI www.diamondsresorts.com Be inspired! Together we will nd your paradise. Yours, Dominik Babel VELAA SONEVA JANI PRIVATE ISLAND ELEGANT TRAVEL GmbH Marktplatz 13 | 83115 Neubeuern / Germany Kenya - Maldives - Mozambique - Zanzibar Managed by PlanHotel Hospitality Group Dominik Babel Tel. +49 (0) 80 35 / 90 888 50 [email protected] | www.elegant-travel.de tma_3_2016.indd 1 29.01.18 11:01 CONTENTS EDITOR’S NOTE 05 09 12 Welcome to the newest edition of Inflight. -
Naval Officers Their Heredity and Development
#^ fer^NTS, M^t v y ^ , . r - i!\' \! I III •F UND-B EQUEATlli:h-BY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School http://www.archive.org/details/navalofficerstheOOdave NAVAL OFFICERS THEIR HEREDITY AND DEVELOPMENT >' BY CHARLES BENEDICT DAVENPORT DIBECTOR OF DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION AND OF THE EUGENICS RECORD OFFICE, CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON ASSISTED BY MARY THERESA SCUDDER RESEARCH COLLABORATOR IN THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON Published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington, 1919 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON Publication No. 259 Paper No. 29 op the Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, New York : THE-PLIMPTON-PEESS NORWOOD- MAS S-U-S-A TABLE OF CONTENTS. Part i. PAGE I. Statement of Problem 1 II. An Improved Method op Testing the Fitness op Untried Officers .... 2 1. General Considerations 2 2. Special Procedure 3 III. Results of Study 4 1. Types of Naval Officers 4 2. Temperament in Relation to Type 4 3. Juvenile Promise of Naval Officers of the Various Types 6 Fighters 6 Strategists 7 Administrators 7 Explorers 8 Adventurers 8 Conclusion as to Juvenile Promise 8 4. The Hereditary Traits of Naval Officers 9 General 9 The Inheritance of Special Traits 25 Thalassophilia, or Love of the Sea 25 Source of Thalassophilia (or Sea-lust) in Naval Officers . 25 Heredity of Sea-lust 27 The Hyperkinetic Qualities of the Fighters 29 Source of Nomadism in Naval Officers 31 IV. Conclusions 33 V. Application of Principles to Selection of Untried Men 33 PART II. -
PEOPLE in the POLAR Regions
TEACHING DOSSIER 2 ENGLISH, GEOGRAPHY, SCIENCE, HISTORY PEOPLE IN THE POLAR REGIONS ANTARCTIC, ARCTIC, PEOPLES OF THE ARCTIC, EXPLORATION, ADVENTURERS, POLAR BASES, INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, FISHING, INDUSTRY, TOURISM 2 dossier CZE N° 2 THEORY SECTION Living conditions in the Polar Regions are harsh: very low temperatures, violently strong winds, ground often frozen solid, alternation between long nights in winter and long days in summer and difficult access by any means of transportation. Yet despite everything, people manage to live either permanently or temporarily in these regions, which are unlike any other. Who are these people? PEOPLE IN THE ANTARCTIC Antarctica is a frozen continent surrounded by an immense ocean. The climate is so extreme that there is virtually no life at all on land; any life there is concentrated on the coast (seals, penguins, whales, etc.)1. No human beings live in Antarctica on a permanent basis; however people have managed to endure short and extended stays on the continent during the past 200 years. THE EXplorers: A BALANCE BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENT AND science Because it was so difficult to reach, the Antarctic was the last region of the world to be explored. Until the 18th century, the frozen continent remained very much a figment of people’s imaginations. Then in 1773, the English navigator and explorer James Cook became the first man to reach the southernpolar circle (Antarctic Circle). Yet it was not until 1820 that the Russian navigator F.F. Bellingshausen and his men discovered that Antarctica was not just made entirely of sea ice, but a continent in its own right, because they saw a mountain there. -
ROLF Gilbergl Numerous Place Names in Greenland Are Beset With
Thule ROLF GILBERGl Numerous place names in Greenland are beset with some confusion, and Thule is possibly the most nonspecific of them all. An attempt has been made in the following paper, therefore, to set out some of the various meanings which have been attached to the word. ULTIMATHULE In times of antiquity, “Thule” was the name given to an archipelago far to the north of the Scandinavian seas.The Greek explorer Pytheas told his contemporaries about this far-awayplace, and about the year 330 B.C.he sailed northward from Marseilles in France in search of the source of amber. When he reached Britain, heheard of an archipelagofurther north known as “Thule”.The name was apparently Celtic;the archipelago what are now known as the Shetland Isles. AfterPytheas’ time, the ancientscalled Scandinavia “Thule”. In poetry,it became“Ultima Thule”, i.e. “farthest Thule”, a distantnorthern place, geo- ‘ graphically undefined and shrouded in esoteric mystery. As the frontiers of man’s exploration gradually expanded, the legendary Ultima Thule acquired a more northerly location. It moved with the Vikings from the Faroe Islands to Iceland, and, when Iceland was colonized in the ninth century A.D., Greenland became “Thule” in folklore. THULESTATION Perhap Knud Rasmussen had these historical facts in mind when he founded a trading post in 1910 among the Polar Eskimos and called the store “Thule Station”. The committee managing Rasmussen’s station was, incidentally, always referred to as the Cape York Committee, and the official name of the station was “Cape York Station, Thule”. Behind the pyramid-shaped base of the rock called Mount Dundas by British explorers, but generally known as Thule Mountain, on North Star Bay, the best natural harbour in the area, the Polar Eskimos hadplaced their settlement, Umanaq (meaning heart-shaped). -
1 TITLE: World According to Dicæarchus DATE: 300 BC AUTHOR
World view according to Dicæarchus #111 TITLE: World according to Dicæarchus DATE: 300 B.C. AUTHOR: Dicæarchus of Messana DESCRIPTION: Pytheas (ca. 320-305), a contemporary of Alexander the Great, is significant for extending geographic knowledge of Western Europe, especially the coasts along the English Channel, and for his use of astronomical observations to compute latitudes. A navigator and astronomer from the Greek colony of Massalia [Marseilles], he explored the Ocean west of the European mainland and recorded his journey and observations in the work entitled On the Ocean, now lost but quoted and criticized by Strabo. Pytheas’ claim to have explored “in person” the entire northern region of Europe “as far as the ends of the world” met with disbelief by Strabo who accused him of shameless mendacity. Nonetheless, other writers used his observations. Most modern scholars agree that his journey in fact occurred, yet there is no consensus regarding its date or time or scope—perhaps reaching to islands north of Scotland, to Norway, to Jutland, or even to Iceland. Pytheas sailed from Massalia through the Pillars of Hercules {Straits of Gibraltar] up the Iberian coast to the Tin Islands (Cassiterges, whose location is contested) and across to Britain; next probably the coast to Scotland, its Northern Isles, and the island of Thule; then back east to the Baltic, where he found the source of amber on the island of Abalus. He described Britain as a triangle, and with reasonable accuracy he estimated the island’s circumference at more than 40,000 stadia, a length considered excessive by Strabo but accepted by Eratosthenes. -
The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek Free
FREE THE EXTRAORDINARY VOYAGE OF PYTHEAS THE GREEK PDF Professor of European Archaeology Barry Cunliffe | 208 pages | 04 Mar 2003 | Penguin Books | 9780142002544 | English | New York, NY, United States The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek by Barry W. Cunliffe Over 2, years ago, Pytheas of Massalia now Marseille embarked on an unprecedented journey to lands beyond the known boundaries of his world: the wilds of northern Europe. He was the first Greek to do so, and upon his return, he chronicled his adventures in On the Ocean —alas, no longer extant. Many ancient writers put little stock in its revelations. The Roman geographer Strabo and the Roman historian Polybius, for instance, questioned whether Pytheas even made the voyage The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek all. But Oxford archeologist Cunliffe The Ancient Celts argues that there is enough evidence to prove that Pytheas discovered tin fields in Brittany, amber forests in the Baltic region and Ultima Thule, or Iceland. In this dramatic piece of historical detective work, Cunliffe employs archeology, literary studies, geography and imagination The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek recreate Pytheas's possible routes from the Mediterranean to Iceland and back home again. Cunliffe also draws on the writings of Pliny the Elder and the geographer Dicaearchus to demonstrate that several of Pytheas's near contemporaries welcomed his discoveries about the nature of the solstice and the influence of the moon on the tides. Although Cunliffe often has to speculate in the absence of Pytheas's own words, he nevertheless amasses strong evidence that Pytheas did indeed make his voyage. -
Linux Performance Analysis in 60,000 Milliseconds
67 More Next Blog» [email protected] New Post Sign Out Monday, November 30, 2015 Links Linux Performance Analysis in 60,000 Milliseconds Netflix US & Canada Blog Netflix America Latina Blog You login to a Linux server with a performance issue: what do you check in the first minute? Netflix Brasil Blog At Netflix we have a massive EC2 Linux cloud, and numerous performance analysis tools to monitor and Netflix Benelux Blog investigate its performance. These include Atlas for cloudwide monitoring, and Vector for ondemand instance analysis. While those tools help us solve most issues, we sometimes need to login to an instance Netflix DACH Blog and run some standard Linux performance tools. Netflix France Blog In this post, the Netflix Performance Engineering team will show you the first 60 seconds of an optimized Netflix Nordics Blog performance investigation at the command line, using standard Linux tools you should have available. Netflix UK & Ireland Blog Netflix ISP Speed Index First 60 Seconds: Summary In 60 seconds you can get a high level idea of system resource usage and running processes by running the Open positions at Netflix following ten commands. Look for errors and saturation metrics, as they are both easy to interpret, and then Netflix Website resource utilization. Saturation is where a resource has more load than it can handle, and can be exposed either as the length of a request queue, or time spent waiting. Facebook Netflix Page Netflix UI Engineering uptime dmesg | tail RSS Feed vmstat 1 mpstat -P ALL 1 pidstat 1 iostat -xz 1 About the Netflix Tech Blog free -m sar -n DEV 1 This is a Netflix blog focused on sar -n TCP,ETCP 1 technology and technology issues.