Aullwood's Mammals (PDF)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aullwood's Mammals (PDF) Aullwood's Mammal List This list follows the taxonomy and nomenclature of A Guide to the Mammals of Ohio, Jack L.Gottschang, Ohio State University Press, 1981 Order Marsupialia - pouched mammals Family Didelphidae Opossum - Didelphis virginiana Order Insectivora - moles and shrews Family Talpidae - moles Eastern mole - Scalopus aquaticus Family Soricidae - shrews Short tailed shrew - Blarina brevicauda Order Chiroptera - bats Family Verspertillionidae - bats Little brown bat - Myotis lucifugus Indiana bat - Myotis sodalis Keen myotis - Myotis keenii Silver-haired bat - Lasionycteris noctivagans Eastern pipistrel - Pipistrellus subflavus Big brown bat - Eptesicus fuscus Red bat - Lasiurus borealis Hoary bat - Lasiurus cinereus Order Lagomorpha - rabbits and hares Family Leporidae - rabbits and hare Eastern cottontail rabbit - Sylvilagus floridanus Order Rodentia - rodents Family Sciuridae - woodchucks, squirrels, chipmunks, etc. Woodchuck - Marmota monax Thirteen-lined ground squirrel - Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Eastern chipmunk - Tamias striatus Red squirrel - Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Gray squirrel - Sciurus carolinenesis Fox squirrel - Sciurus niger Southern flying squirrel - Glaucomys volans Family Castoridae - beaver Beaver - Castor canadensis Family Cricetidae - native rats, mice, voles and lemmings Deer mouse - Peromyscus maniculatus White-footed mouse - Peromyscus leucopus Meadow vole - Microtus pennsylvanicus Prairie vole - Microtus orchrogaster Muskrat - Ondartra zibethica Southern bog lemming - Synaptomys cooperi Family Muridae - old world rats and mice Norway rat - Rattus norvigecus House mouse - Mus musculus Family Zapodidae - jumping mice Meadow jumping mouse - Zapus hudsonius Order Carnivora - meat eaters Family Canidae - dogs, foxes and wolves Coyote - Canis latrans Red fox - Vulpes fulva Gray fox - Urocyon cinereoargenteus Family Procyonidae - racoons and allies Racoon - Procyon lotor Family Mustelidae - weasels, skunk, mink, otter and badger Longtail weasel - Mustela frenata Least weasel - Mustela nivalis Mink - Mustela vison Badger - Taxidea taxus Striped skunk - Mephitis mephitis Order Artiodactyla - even toed hooved ungulates Family Cervidae - deer Whitetail deer - Odocoileus virginianus .
Recommended publications
  • Squirrels and Allies (Sciuridae Spp.)
    Squirrels and Allies (Sciuridae Spp.) There are about 275 species of tree, ground, and flying squirrels throughout the world, ranging from the five-inch pygmy squirrel (Myosciurus pumilio) of Africa to the nearly three-foot giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) of Asia. Currently, there are five species of squirrel found in Rhode Island: The Eastern gray squirrel, the Southern flying squirrel, the red squirrel, the chipmunk, and the woodchuck. Tree squirrels are those species that nest in trees, while ground squirrels nest in underground burrows. This publication is intended to provide information on the above species found in Rhode Island. Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Gray squirrels are the most common species of squirrel in Rhode Island. They are a tree squirrel, however they spend much of their time on the ground, and have adapted well to human-altered environments. They are commonly found in urban and suburban habitats. Gray squirrels can be grayish-brown, gray or black, with a white or light brown underside. Adults range in size from 15 to 20 inches, and between 1 to 1 ½ pounds. Their bushy tail accounts for almost half of their length. Gray squirrels may live between four and eight years in the wild, but they have been known to live up to ten years in captivity. They are active mainly during the day and do not hibernate. In the winter they spend days at a time in their nests, leaving only to gather food. Their habitat is mainly any wooded area with mast producing trees, where they live in tree cavities or leaf nests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beaver's Phylogenetic Lineage Illuminated by Retroposon Reads
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The Beaver’s Phylogenetic Lineage Illuminated by Retroposon Reads Liliya Doronina1,*, Andreas Matzke1,*, Gennady Churakov1,2, Monika Stoll3, Andreas Huge3 & Jürgen Schmitz1 Received: 13 October 2016 Solving problematic phylogenetic relationships often requires high quality genome data. However, Accepted: 25 January 2017 for many organisms such data are still not available. Among rodents, the phylogenetic position of the Published: 03 March 2017 beaver has always attracted special interest. The arrangement of the beaver’s masseter (jaw-closer) muscle once suggested a strong affinity to some sciurid rodents (e.g., squirrels), placing them in the Sciuromorpha suborder. Modern molecular data, however, suggested a closer relationship of beaver to the representatives of the mouse-related clade, but significant data from virtually homoplasy- free markers (for example retroposon insertions) for the exact position of the beaver have not been available. We derived a gross genome assembly from deposited genomic Illumina paired-end reads and extracted thousands of potential phylogenetically informative retroposon markers using the new bioinformatics coordinate extractor fastCOEX, enabling us to evaluate different hypotheses for the phylogenetic position of the beaver. Comparative results provided significant support for a clear relationship between beavers (Castoridae) and kangaroo rat-related species (Geomyoidea) (p < 0.0015, six markers, no conflicting data) within a significantly supported mouse-related clade (including Myodonta, Anomaluromorpha, and Castorimorpha) (p < 0.0015, six markers, no conflicting data). Most of an organism’s phylogenetic history is fossilized in their heritable genomic material. Using data from genome sequencing projects, particularly informative regions of this material can be extracted in sufficient num- bers to resolve the deepest history of speciation.
    [Show full text]
  • Symposium on the Gray Squirrel
    SYMPOSIUM ON THE GRAY SQUIRREL INTRODUCTION This symposium is an innovation in the regional meetings of professional game and fish personnel. When I was asked to serve as chairman of the Technical Game Sessions of the 13th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners this seemed to be an excellent opportunity to collect most of the people who have done some research on the gray squirrel to exchange information and ideas and to summarize some of this work for the benefit of game managers and other biologists. Many of these people were not from the southeast and surprisingly not one of the panel mem­ bers is presenting a general resume of one aspect of squirrel biology with which he is most familiar. The gray squirrel is also important in Great Britain but because it causes extensive damage to forests. Much work has been done over there by Monica Shorten (Mrs. Vizoso) and a symposium on the gray squirrel would not be complete without her presence. A grant from the National Science Foundation through the American Institute of Biological Sciences made it possible to bring Mrs. Vizoso here. It is hoped that this symposium will set a precedent for other symposia at future wildlife conferences. VAGN FLYGER. THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GRAY SQUIRREL, SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS, TO ITS NEAREST RELATIVES By DR. ]. C. MOORE INTRODUCTION It seems at least slightly more probable at this point in our knowledge of the living Sciuridae, that the northeastern American gray squirrel's oldest known ancestors came from the Old \Vorld rather than evolved in the New.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground Squirrels Live in Burrows That Are Litter Size: Five to Seven
    L-1909 6/13 Controlling GROUND SQUIRRELDamage round squirrels are small, burrowing rodents earthen dikes with their burrows. Their burrow- found throughout the state, with the excep- ing and gnawing behavior also can cause damage G tion of extreme East Texas. There are five in irrigated areas. different species in Texas. These are the thirteen- lined ground squirrel, Mexican ground squirrel, spotted ground squirrel, rock squirrel, and the Texas antelope ground squirrel. Most ground Biology and Reproduction squirrels prefer grassy areas such as pastures, Rock squirrels golf courses, cemeteries and parks. Rock squir- Adult weight: 1½ to 1¾ pounds. rels are nearly always found in rocky cliffs, Total length: 18 to 21 inches. boulders, and canyon walls. The rock squirrel Color: Varies from dark gray to black. and thirteen-lined ground squirrel are the two species that most commonly cause damage by Tail: 7 to 10 inches, somewhat bushy. their burrowing and gnawing. Gestation period: Approximately 30 days. Ground squirrels live in burrows that are Litter size: Five to seven. usually 2 to 3 inches in diameter and 15 to 20 Number of litters: Possibly two per year, feet long. The burrow system usually has two usually born from April to August. entrances. Dirt piles around the entry holes are seldom evident. Rock squirrels and thirteen- Life span: 4 to 5 years. lined ground squirrels may hibernate during the Thirteen-lined ground squirrels coldest periods of winter. Adult weight: 5 to 9 ounces. Damage Total length: 7 to 12 inches. Ground squirrels normally do not cause Color: Light to dark brown with 13 stripes extensive damage in urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Squirrels
    Tree Squirrels When the public is polled regarding suburban and urban wildlife, tree squirrels generally rank first as problem makers. Residents complain about them nesting in homes and exploiting bird feeders. Interestingly, squirrels almost always rank first among preferred urban/suburban wildlife species. Such is the Figure 1. The Eastern gray squirrel is from the deciduous paradox they present: We want them and we don’t and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of eastern North want them, depending on what they are doing at any America, and was introduced into city parks, campuses, given moment. and estates in Washington in the early 1900s. (Drawing by Elva Paulson) Although tree squirrels spend a considerable amount of time on the ground, unlike the related ground squirrels, they are more at home in trees. Washington is home to four species of native tree squirrels and two species of introduced tree squirrels. Native Washington Tree Squirrels The Douglas squirrel, or chickaree (Tamiasciurus douglasii) measures 10 to 14 inches in length, including its tail. Its upper parts are reddish-or brownish-gray, and its underparts are orange to yellowish. The Douglas squirrel is found in stands of fir, pine, cedar, and other conifers in the Cascade Mountains and western parts of Washington. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Fig. 4) is about the same size as the Douglas squirrel and lives in coniferous forests and semi-open woods in northeast Washington. It is rusty-red on the upper part and white or grayish white on its underside. The Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus, Fig. 2) is the largest tree squirrel in Washington, ranging from 18 to 24 inches in length.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Detectives: Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrels
    Spring 2019 Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrels Plus Arithmetic Add 6+7 and your answer is the number of light and dark stripes on ground squirrels with an odd name. The name truly is thirteen-lined ground squirrel. In addition to thirteen cute stripes, their fur has orderly little spots. The cream-colored spots are more squarish than round, and they march in a line up the middle of each dark stripe. The spotted dark stripes and thinner light stripes stand out against a furry tan background. What a fancy coat on a tiny mammal! Thirteen-lined ground squirrels spend most of their time underground, out of sight. In late summer or early fall, the critters enter their winter burrows and plug the entrance shut. The burrows are deep so the temperature in their winter quarters never drops below freezing, no matter how frigid it is above ground. The little squirrels snooze through the winter, barely breathing. Ground Squirrel Spring Once spring arrives, their internal clock signals it is time to wake up. At first, like some sleepy kids on a school morning, the squirrels barely stir. They might visit their toilet room, but they snuggle back to sleep. While school kids may snatch a few minutes extra sleep, ground squirrels may doze for a few more days. But as the spring air grows warmer, the squirrels finally get excited to be out doing their squirrel work. Pull Out and Save Pull Out and The male squirrels are the early risers. Their first spring job is getting their digestive system working.
    [Show full text]
  • Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel Or Chipmunk? by Lynne Brosch
    Who Is Your Pest? Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel or Chipmunk? by Lynne Brosch Recently as I went around the lake doing talks on pest management, I had several complaints about chipmunks. People describe a lot of digging and eating of plants by these chipmunks. As I began thinking about putting out some information on how to handle the situation I thought about the golden-mantled ground squirrel, I watched eating garden plants voraciously on the Baldwin Estate grounds just yesterday. Perhaps gardeners need to know who they are dealing with. The golden-mantled ground squirrel looks a lot like a chipmunk. It has a large white stripe bordered by black on each side. The main difference between this squirrel and a chipmunk is that its stripes don’t go all the way to the face and it is a slightly larger animal. It lives along the west coast in coniferous forests and mountainous areas. It likes to eat plants, seeds, nuts, fruit and some insects. It lives in an underground burrow usually near trees or logs. Chipmunks have very similar burrows. Most common in the Tahoe basin is the Lodgepole chipmunk. Fencing can be used to protect plants from squirrels and chipmunks, but has challenges in effectiveness because of the excellent digging and climbing skills exhibited by these garden pests. Hardware cloth may be used to exclude animals from flower beds with seeds and bulbs covered by the hardware cloth and all covered with soil. This method of prevention may prove less costly and time consuming than trapping. The most successful method for control of ground squirrels and chipmunks is the use of traps.
    [Show full text]
  • Order Rodentia, Family Sciuridae—Squirrels
    What we’ve covered so far: Didelphimorphia Didelphidae – opossums (1 B.C. species) Soricomorpha Soricidae – shrews (9 B.C. species) Talpidae – moles (3 B.C. species) What’s next: Rodentia Sciuridae – squirrels (16) Muridae – mice, rats, lemmings, voles (16) Aplodontidae – mountain beaver (1) Castoridae – beaver (1) Dipodidae – jumping mice (2) Erethizontidae – N. American porcupines (1) Geomyidae – pocket gophers (1) Heteromyidae – kangaroo rats, pocket mice (1) Rodent diversity Order Rodentia • Dentition highly specialized for gnawing • Incisors: o single pair of upper, single pair of lower o grow continuously (rootless) o enamel on anterior surface, not posterior surface Order Rodentia • Dentition highly specialized for gnawing • Incisors • Diastema • No canines Family Sciuridae Family Sciuridae • Postorbital process well-developed • Rostrum short, arched • Infraorbital canal reduced relative to many other rodents • 1/1 0/0 1-2/1 3/3, anterior premolar sometimes small and peg-like Glaucomys sabrinus—northern flying squirrel • Can glide 5-25 meters • Strictly nocturnal • Share nests, reduce activity in winter because of cold Glaucomys sabrinus—northern flying squirrel • Conspicuous notch anterior to postorbital process • 5 upper cheekteeth Marmota spp. – marmots and woodchuck Marmota spp. – marmots and woodchuck • Rows of cheek teeth parallel, or nearly so • Postorbital processes protrude at 90° Marmota spp. – marmots and woodchuck • M. monax • M. caligata • M. vancouverensis • M. flaviventris Marmota monax - woodchuck • Posterior border
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Responses of Prairie Rodents to Edge Effects from Recreational Trails
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal Nature Conservation 41: Response113–140 (2020) of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails 113 doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.41.52100 RESEarcH arTICLE http://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation Differential responses of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails Cameron M. Shorb1, Laur A. Freymiller1, Daniel L. Hernández1 1 Carleton College Biology Department, 1 North College St., Northfield, MN 55057, USA Corresponding author: Daniel L. Hernández ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jochen A.G. Jaeger | Received 15 March 2020 | Accepted 28 July 2020 | Published 10 September 2020 http://zoobank.org/AB43B43E-EE9A-4998-9CFC-22A6F492B7B8 Citation: Shorb CM, Freymiller LA, Hernández DL (2020) Differential responses of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails. Nature Conservation 41: 113–140. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.41.52100 Abstract Edge effects are a common phenomenon in which an ecological variable changes with respect to distance from a habitat edge. Recreational trails may constitute a habitat edge for prairie rodents because of high human presence, high predator presence, or limited shelter compared to the prairie core. Despite the prevalence of trails in conservation parcels, their effect on wildlife distribution remains largely unstudied. We examined the impacts of recreational trails on small mammal activity in the restored prairies of the Cowling Arboretum at Carleton College. The prairies were restored from 1995 to 2008 and now com- prise a contiguous prairie block of approximately 155 ha. Over 2 consecutive summers, we used infrared motion-sensing cameras to record the relative amount of time rodents spend at baited stations placed at different distances from the trail.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Tree Squirrels in Urban Areas
    L-1914 5-98 Controlling Tree Squirrels in Urban Areas Tree squirrels inhabit many parts of Texas. The Tree squirrels feed on a variety of material; nuts, three types of tree squirrels found in the state are fruit, seeds, berries, insects and bark make up the the fox squirrel, the gray squirrel and the flying bulk of their diet. Nesting sites include tree cavities, squirrel. Tree squirrels are interesting animals, but old woodpecker holes, attics, etc. If such places can- in urban and suburban areas they sometimes can not be found, tree squirrels will construct leafy be pests. nests in the branches of trees. Fox squirrels, the most common of the tree squir- rels, are found in east and central Texas. Gray squir- Biology and Reproduction rels, also known as “cat” squirrels, are found in the eastern part of Texas. Flying squirrels are the small- Fox Squirrels est of the tree squirrels, the least common, and the Adult weight: 11/2 to 21/2 pounds. only nocturnal tree squirrel. They are found in the eastern part of the state. Total length: 18 to 27 inches. Color: Brownish-gray with an orange underside. Tail: 7 to 14 inches, bushy. Gestation period: 42 to 45 days. Litter size: Average of three. Litter number: One to two per year, usually born in March or April and again in August or September. Weaning: 10 to 12 weeks. Life span: 4 to 7 years. Gray Squirrels Adult weight: 1 to 2 pounds. Total length: 16 to 20 inches. Color: Grayish. Tail: 7 to 10 inches, bushy.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Gray Squirrel Sciurus Carolinensis
    eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Kingdom: Animalia FEATURES Phylum: Chordata The eastern gray squirrel’s head-body length is Class: Mammalia between eight and 11 inches, with its tail about the Order: Rodentia same length as the body. Its body fur is gray, and there is a border of white fur on the bushy, gray tail. Family: Sciuridae The belly fur is white, a cream line surrounds each ILLINOIS STATUS eye, and white tips are present on the back of the ears. common, native BEHAVIORS The eastern gray squirrel may be found statewide in Illinois. It lives in woods or forests that have a closed canopy, nut-bearing trees and plenty of cavity trees. As these mature forests have been destroyed in Illinois, the population of gray squirrels has declined. However, gray squirrels are common in cities. Here, they live in trees without the conditions described above. The gray squirrel eats buds, leaves, fruits, berries, fungi, pecans, acorns, hickory nuts, tree bark, walnuts and the seeds of various other trees. It stores nuts in holes in the ground. This squirrel grasps food in its front paws. It is primarily arboreal, and its large, bushy tail helps it balance while climbing and resting in trees. Urban squirrels are good at climbing brick walls and walking along wires and cables. The eastern gray squirrel does not hibernate and is active during the day year-round. It ILLINOIS RANGE may sleep for several consecutive days in winter, however. Its call is “kuk-kuk-cut-cut-cut.” This animal builds a leaf nest in the high branches of a tree but may use a tree cavity for escape from predators and poor weather and for raising its young.
    [Show full text]
  • Native and Alien Squirrels in Italy
    Hystrix, (n.s.) 11 (2) (2000): 65-74 NATIVE AND ALIEN SQUIRRELS IN ITALY SANDRO BERTOLINO", ITALO CURRADO", PETER J. MAZZOGLIO" AND GIOVANNIAMORI" * Di. Va2R.A. Entomologia e Zoologia, Universita di Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy. O CNR, Centro Genetica Evoluzionistica, via Lancisi 29, 00161 Roma, Italy. ABSTRACT - In Italy there are four species of squirrels: the native red squirrel and other three species recently introduced. The red squirrel is present in the Italian peninsula with three subspecies, and is missing only in Salento, and Italian islands. This species is common on Alps and Apennines, while in the plains it is declining because of the habitat loss. Competition with the grey squirrel and habitat fragmentation are considered the major threats to the survival of the red squirrel. The grey squirrel is present in Piedmont and Liguria. A study on the Piedmontese colony showed that the red squirrel is disappearing from the area colonised by the grey squirrel and the damage due to bark-stripping and feeding is considerable. Free-ranging populations of the Siberian chipmunk live in Belluno, Verona, and Rome, but records of single animals were reported for other areas. The Finlayson's squirrel is pre- sent with a small nucleus in an urban area of Piedmont. Here, the impact of this species on the veg- etation appears dramatic. The eradication of the grey squirrel is a priority for the conservation of the red squirrel, but control plans for the other introduced species are also needed. Key words: Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), Finlayson's squirrel (Callosciurus finluysoni), alien species, Italy.
    [Show full text]