Differentiation in ASEAN, ECOWAS and MERCOSUR: a Comparative Analysis
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United States – Africa Summit National Statement of the Arab Republic of Egypt
UNITED STATES – AFRICA SUMMIT NATIONAL STATEMENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT ____ The convening of the first USA- Africa Leaders’ Summit attests to the vibrant and traditional ties that link Africa to the United States. With the recent unprecedented economic growth in many of our countries, these relations gain more momentum and new horizons. Egypt appreciates the important role that the United States plays in Africa, in particular with regard to investing in Africa’s future generations by contributing to conflict prevention and resolution, counterterrorism and mediation efforts in African conflicts, as well as by empowering African youth and women. Increased American private sector investment in Africa and the many examples of successful Public-Private partnerships point to commendable endeavors on both sides to achieve their common interests. Our summit coincides with a challenging chapter of Egypt’s long history. Egypt has witnessed two unprecedented popular revolutions in less than three years, and is now on the threshold of a future that promises great opportunities, yet it is fraught with numerous challenges. In this respect, Egypt has embarked on two interrelated paths; on one hand by consolidating its national political, economic, and social infrastructure to meet the aspirations of its people, and on the other hand by fostering existing relations and envisioning new horizons of cooperation with our partners at the bilateral, regional and international levels. On the national level, and following the successful conduct of the referendum on the constitutional amendments last January and the Presidential elections last May, the Egyptian people are moving steadily in implementing the remaining milestone of the “Roadmap for the Future” they have chosen to achieve justice, freedom, respect of human rights, namely holding the parliamentarian elections in the next fall. -
The System of Customs and Tariff Regulation of the EAEU in The
SHS Web of Conferences 9 2, 02047 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202047 Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences 2020 The system of customs and tariff regulation of the EАEU in the context of globalization: problems, trends and prospects of development Maxim Novikov1,*, and Stella Zemlyanskaya2 1Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Department of Economy and Finance, Gagarin Street, building 8, Volgograd, 400066, Russia 2Volgograd State University, Institute of Economics and Finance, Chair of the Economic Theory, Regional and World Economics, 100 Prospect Universitetsky, Volgograd, 400062, Russia Abstract. Research background: Simplifying the system of foreign trade relations and providing advantages to individual States, allows you to increase the volume of foreign trade turnover and most effectively transform the structure of exports and imports of the country, taking into account its international specialization and competitive advantages. An integral component of the process of globalization is the strengthening of competition between national and foreign producers. In these conditions, it is important for the national economy to achieve a certain balance between protectionist measures and free trade instruments. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to summarize the theoretical and practical experience of using the tools of customs and tariff tools and develop recommendations to improve the efficiency of their application within the EAEU. Methods: The research used methods of generalization, classification and comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of customs tariff instruments and their individual elements, methods of setting scientific hypotheses, grouping research depending on the conclusions and results obtained, and the possibility of using this experience to improve the system of customs and tariff regulation of the EAEU. -
Table of Contents TREATY on the EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Table of contents TREATY ON THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION PART I ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION Section I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 Establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union. Legal Personality Article 2 Definitions Section II BASIC PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES, COMPETENCE AND LAW OF THE EAEU Article 3 Basic Principles of the EAEU Article 4 Main Objectives of the EAEU Article 5 Competence Article 6 The Law of the EAEU Article 7 International Activity of the EAEU Section III BODIES OF THE EAEU Article 8 Bodies of the EAEU Article 9 Appointments Within the Structural Subdivisions of the Permanent Bodies of the EAEU Article 10 Supreme Council Article11 Procedure of Work of the Supreme Council Article 12 Authorities of the Supreme Council Table of contents Article 13 Decisions and Orders of the Supreme Council Article 14 Intergovernmental Council Article 15 Procedure of Work of the Intergovernmental Council Article 16 Authorities of the Intergovernmental Council Article 17 Decisions and Orders of the Intergovernmental Council Article 18 Commission Article 19 The Court of the EAEU Section IV EAEU BUDGET Article 20 EAEU Budget Article 21 Audit of Financial and Economic Activity of the EAEU bodies Article 22 External Audit (control) PART II CUSTOMS UNION Section V INFORMATION AND STATISTICS Article 23 Information Exchange Within the EAEU Article 24 Official Statistical Information of the EAEU Section VI FUNCTIONING OF THE CUSTOMS UNION Article 25 Principles of Functioning of the Customs Union Table of contents Article 26 Enrollment -
Institutionalising Pan-Africanism Transforming African Union Values and Principles Into Policy and Practice Tim Murithi
Institutionalising Pan-Africanism Transforming African Union values and principles into policy and practice Tim Murithi ISS Paper 143 • June 2007 Price: R15.00 Introduction translated into protocols, treaties and institutions. The discussion concludes with policy recommendations. The African Union has emerged as a home-grown initiative by which the African people will be able to Defining Pan-Africanism effectively take the destiny of their continent into their own hands. In this paper the creation of the AU as the The general assumption is that the process of continental institutionalisation of the ideals of Pan-Africanism will integration began with an extraordinary summit of be assessed. The underlying purpose of the creation the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) which was of the AU is to promote solidarity, cooperation and convened in Sirte, Libya, in 1999. But in fact the support among African countries and peoples so as to process began with the Pan-African movement and address the catalogue of problems they face. its demand for greater solidarity among the peoples of Africa. Therefore an understanding of the emergence Some observers and commentators of the AU should start with the evolution question whether the AU is a valid of the Pan-African movement. A review undertaking at this time, or whether it of the objectives and aspirations of Pan- is just another ambitious campaign by An understanding Africanism provides a foundation for self-seeking leaders to distract attention a critical assessment of the creation of from other, more pressing problems of the emergence the AU and its prospects for promoting on the continent. -
Assessing Investment Policies of Member Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council
ASSESSING INVESTMENT POLICIES OF MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL Stocktaking analysis prepared by the MENA-OECD Investment Programme and presented at the Conference entitled: “Assessing Investment Policies of GCC Countries: Translating economic diversification strategies into sound international investment policies” On 5 April 2011 in Abu Dhabi Organised in co-operation of and hosted by the Ministry of Economy of the United Arab Emirates 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................... 4 I. INTRODUCTION: ECONOMIC AND FDI OVERVIEW AND DIVERSIFICATION POLICIES ................. 7 1. After an eventful decade, the GCC economies are at a crossroads ....................................... 7 2. Diversification remains a key challenge in the GCC ............................................................... 9 3. The GCC needs to address human capital issues ................................................................. 17 II. PRESENTATION OF THE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 21 1. The BCDS methodology ........................................................................................................ 21 2. The BCDS investment policy dimension and the stocktaking study .................................... 22 III. ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT POLICIES – FDI LAW AND POLICY OF GCC COUNTRIES ........ 24 1. Restrictions to National Treatment ..................................................................................... -
China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States
Order Code RL32688 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States Updated April 4, 2006 Bruce Vaughn (Coordinator) Analyst in Southeast and South Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Wayne M. Morrison Specialist in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States Summary Southeast Asia has been considered by some to be a region of relatively low priority in U.S. foreign and security policy. The war against terror has changed that and brought renewed U.S. attention to Southeast Asia, especially to countries afflicted by Islamic radicalism. To some, this renewed focus, driven by the war against terror, has come at the expense of attention to other key regional issues such as China’s rapidly expanding engagement with the region. Some fear that rising Chinese influence in Southeast Asia has come at the expense of U.S. ties with the region, while others view Beijing’s increasing regional influence as largely a natural consequence of China’s economic dynamism. China’s developing relationship with Southeast Asia is undergoing a significant shift. This will likely have implications for United States’ interests in the region. While the United States has been focused on Iraq and Afghanistan, China has been evolving its external engagement with its neighbors, particularly in Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, China was perceived as a threat to its Southeast Asian neighbors in part due to its conflicting territorial claims over the South China Sea and past support of communist insurgency. -
THE AFRICAN UNION: Forward March Or About Face-Turn?
THE AFRICAN UNION: Forward March or About Face-Turn? Amadu Sesay Claude Ake Memorial Papers No. 3 Department of Peace and Conflict Research Uppsala University & Nordic Africa Institute Uppsala 1 © 2008 Amadu Sesay, DPCR, NAI ISSN 1654-7489 ISBN 978-91-506-1990-4 Printed in Sweden by Universitetstryckeriet, Uppsala 2008 Distributed by the Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR), Uppsala University & the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI), Uppsala Phone (DPCR) +46 18 471 76 52; (NAI) +46 18 56 22 00 Fax (DPCR) +46 18 69 51 02; (NAI) +46 18 56 22 90 E-mail (DPCR) [email protected]; (NAI) [email protected] www.pcr.uu.se; www.nai.uu.se 2 The Claude Ake Visiting Chair A Claude Ake Visiting Chair was set up in 2003 at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR), Uppsala University, in collaboration with the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI), also in Uppsala. Funding was provided from the Swedish Government, through the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Chair was established to honour the memory of Professor Claude Ake, distinguished scholar, philosopher, teacher, activist and human- ist, tragically killed in a plane crash near Lagos, Nigeria, in 1996. The holders of the Claude Ake Visiting Chair give, at the end of their stay in Uppsala, a public lecture, entitled the ‘Claude Ake Memorial Lecture.’ While the title, thematic and content of the lecture is up to the holder, the assumption is that the topic of the lecture shall, in a general sense, relate the work of the holder to the work of Claude Ake, for example in terms of themes or issues covered, or in terms of theoretical or normative points of departure. -
Asean Charter
THE ASEAN CHARTER THE ASEAN CHARTER Association of Southeast Asian Nations The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. =or inquiries, contact: Public Affairs Office The ASEAN Secretariat 70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta 12110 Indonesia Phone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991 =ax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504 E-mail: [email protected] General information on ASEAN appears on-line at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org Catalogue-in-Publication Data The ASEAN Charter Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, January 2008 ii, 54p, 10.5 x 15 cm. 341.3759 1. ASEAN - Organisation 2. ASEAN - Treaties - Charter ISBN 978-979-3496-62-7 =irst published: December 2007 1st Reprint: January 2008 Printed in Indonesia The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with proper acknowledgment. Copyright ASEAN Secretariat 2008 All rights reserved CHARTER O THE ASSOCIATION O SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS PREAMBLE WE, THE PEOPLES of the Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), as represented by the Heads of State or Government of Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Union of Myanmar, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: NOTING -
The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations
The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs Tomas F. Husted Research Assistant December 16, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44713 The African Union (AU): Key Issues and U.S.-AU Relations Summary U.S. relations with the African Union (AU), an intergovernmental organization to which all African countries except Morocco belong, have strengthened over the past decade. U.S.-AU cooperation has traditionally focused on peace operations and conflict prevention and mitigation. U.S. aid for AU democracy-strengthening initiatives is another key focus of engagement. Other areas of cooperation include economic development, health, governance, peace and security capacity building, and criminal justice. Direct U.S. aid to the AU Commission (AUC, the organization’s secretariat), which oversees AU program activity, is moderate; most U.S. aid in support of AU goals is provided on a bilateral basis or sub-regional basis. Consequently, such aid may not always be accounted for in analyses of U.S. support for the AU. President George W. Bush formally recognized the AU as an international organization in 2005, and a U.S. mission to the AU was established in 2006, making the United States the first non- African country to have an accredited diplomatic mission to the AU. In 2007, the first AU ambassador to the United States was accredited. In 2010, an agreement on U.S. aid for the AU was signed and in 2013, the AU and the United States established annual partnership dialogues and extended the 2010 aid agreement. -
Non-Aligned Movement Countries As Drivers of Change in International Organizations
Non-Aligned Movement Countries as Drivers of Change in International Organizations Changavalli Siva Rama Murthy RESÜMEE Die Länder der Bewegung der Blockfreien Staaten waren bedeutende Akteure im Wandel der zeitgenössischen internationalen Beziehungen. Indem sie den Vereinten Nationen beitraten, vergrößerten sie deren Legitimität wie auch die anderer internationaler Organisationen. Durch individuelle und kollektive Initiativen bewirkten sie eine Reorientierung der politischen Leit- linien der UNO, die den eigenen Hoffnungen und Interessen mehr Raum gaben. Ihr wach- sendes Gewicht, allein durch die zunehmende zahlenmäßige Stärke, setzte die USA und ihre westeuropäischen Verbündeten unter massiven Druck. Die Etablierung von Mechanismen wie die United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, aber auch neue Agenden für die Ge- neralversammlung der UNO und etliche ihrer Spezialorganisationen sowie einige Initiativen der Weltbank in den 1960er Jahren verdeutlichen den Einfluss der Bemühungen der Entwick- lungsländer. Ihre maßgebliche Rolle kommt schließlich in der Begründung von Programmen zur wirtschaftlichen Stärkung von „Dritte Welt“-Ländern sowie in den UN-Friedensmissionen zum Ausdruck. Change is inherent to any living organisms, and it is also natural to international orga- nizations (IOs). While its occurrence can be anticipated, its direction, pace, scope, or source cannot be prejudged. Change manifests itself in “modifications to formal insti- tutional structures or to informal practices and working methods”. Change can occur in an abrupt or incremental fashion “from within the organization, from outside it, or from a mix of endogenous and exogenous sources”.1 Following this line, the article es- says the efforts and achievements of the non-aligned countries, either individually or as L. R. Helfer, Understanding Change in International Organizations: Globalization and innovation in the ILO, in: Vanderbilt Law Review, 59 (2006) 3, pp. -
Pan-Asianism As an Ideal of Asian Identity and Solidarity, 1850–Present アジアの主体性・団結の理想としての汎アジア主 義−−1850年から今日まで
Volume 9 | Issue 17 | Number 1 | Article ID 3519 | Apr 25, 2011 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Pan-Asianism as an Ideal of Asian Identity and Solidarity, 1850–Present アジアの主体性・団結の理想としての汎アジア主 義−−1850年から今日まで Christopher W. A. Szpilman, Sven Saaler Pan-Asianism as an Ideal of Asian Attempts to define Asia are almost as old as the Identity and Solidarity,term itself. The word “Asia” originated in ancient Greece in the fifth century BC. It 1850–Present originally denoted the lands of the Persian Empire extending east of the Bosphorus Straits Sven Saaler and Christopher W. A. but subsequently developed into a general term Szpilman used by Europeans to describe all the lands lying to the east of Europe. (The point where This is a revised, updated and abbreviated Europe ended and Asia began was, however, version of the introduction to the two volume never clearly defined.) Often, this usage collection by the authors ofPan-Asianism. A connoted a threat, real or perceived, by Asia to Documentary History Vol. 1 covers the years Europe—a region smaller in area, much less 1850-1920; Vol. 2 covers the years 1850- populous, poorer, and far less significant than present, link. Asia in terms of global history. The economic and political power of Asia, the The term “Asia” arrived in East Asia relatively world’s largest continent, is increasing rapidly. late, being introduced by Jesuit missionaries in According to the latest projections, the gross the sixteenth century. The term is found, domestic products of China and India, the written in Chinese characters 亜細亜( ), on world’s most populous nations, will each Chinese maps of the world made around 1600 surpass that of the United States in the not-too- under the supervision of Matteo Ricci distant future. -
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Update
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Update Note Version 2.00 Abstract This document provides an update to the technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset, describing changes from Version 1.00 to Version 2.00. For full descrip- tion of the contents and construction of the dataset, see full technical documentation for Version 1.00 on the dataset page at https://www.usitc.gov/data/gravity/dgd.htm. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional development of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected]. 1 1 Introduction The Dynamic Gravity dataset contains a collection of variables describing aspects of countries and territories as well as the ways in which they relate to one-another. Each record in the dataset is defined by a pair of countries or territories and a year. The records themselves are composed of three basic types of variables: identifiers, unilateral character- istics, and bilateral characteristics. The updated dataset spans the years 1948{2019 and reflects the dynamic nature of the globe by following the ways in which countries have changed during that period. The resulting dataset covers 285 countries and territories, some of which exist in the dataset for only a subset of covered years.1 1.1 Contents of the Documentation The updated note begins with a description of main changes to the dataset from Version 1.00 to Version 2.00 in section 1.2 and a table of variables available in Version 1.00 and Version 2.00 of the dataset in section 1.3.