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GIPE-000981-Contents.Pdf (1.270Mb) Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library 11111111111111111 0111111111111111111111 GIPE-PUNE-000981 . ·THB LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE 01' MAJOR-GENERAL SIR JOHN MALCOL1I, G.C.B., LATE ENVOY '10 PERSIA. AND GOVERNOR 01' BOMBA.Y; • FROM UNPUBLISHED LETTERS AND JOURNALS. BY JOHN WILLllii KAYE, A.U'lBon 01' 'lBE'" WE 0' LORD lIETCA.LFE," "THE HISTORY· 01' THE WAll.llf • AFGHANISTAN," &c. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: SMITH, ELDER, AND CO., 65, CORNHILL. BOMBAY: SMITH, TAYJ.,OR, AND CO. MDCCCLVI. • [The right of Translation i8 reserued.J V7../ L/ ~}? Lbj k6S- C• I qg L~ PEDICATION~ TO THE HOXORABLE MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE THESE MEMOIRS . or on 011 BlS lIOST DISTINGUISHED COTEMPORARIES AND ATTACHED FRIENDS . ARE RESPECTFULLY .AliD GRATEl'ULLY INSCRIBED. PREF AC;E. As I believe it will be more generally asked wby the Life of Sir J obn Malcolm was not written before, than wby it now make; its appearance, I think it is well to state, that many years ago the late Captain Hamilton, the ac­ complished autbor of "Cyril Thornton," undertook to perform the task, which bas since devolved upon me; but death arrested his labors. He had proceeded but a little way with his work, when be was thuS prematUrely lost to the world. Some· of the earlier papers bad been placed in bis h!11lds; he had marked a few p3.!!sages in the correspondence, and he had written, with little result, some letters of inquiry to the few surviving friends of Malcolm's boyhood; but I have not been able to learn that he ever wrote a line ·of the Melnoir. From the time of Captain Hamilton's death, in 1842, up to the autumn of 1854,.when I undertook to prepare the present work for the press, the voluminous cor· respondence of Sir John Malcolm (with the exceptiOJl of one very valuable collection ·of letterS) remained in the possession of the family, with the fulleSt intention on their part, as soon as fitting opportunity should present it- vi PREFACE. self, of publishing some.selections from it, accompanied with a narrative of Malcolm's eventful career. When this o correspondence was placed in my hands, I found that the only difficulty it presented to the biographer was the diffi­ culty of selection. Sir John Malcolm began, at a compara­ tively early date, to adhere rigidly to the custom of keep­ ing copies of aU his own .letters. on public affairs, and preserving those which: were addressed to him. As these letters were, for the most part, arranged in books, and were in a very tolerable state of preservation, I had no reason to :complaio...of the .quality 'or quantity ormy ma­ terial.. It is ,true .that .the. recards"of Malcolml;.early ;life were somewhat scanty; but. .. thls_is .. a.;.deficiency with which.biographers have.so commonly, to.contend~ that neither writers nor :readers feel any:, disappointment :at.its. occur;rence.. It ,may be- obsenred,. too, that Malcolm, in his younger,. days, wrote both rarely and brieflY.to his friends; in .. that .respect:furnishing. a strong. contrastAo Munro and .Metcalfe; whose ~.biograpbies are among the few exceptions. to. the .rule oLwhich .Lha.ve spoken; Voluminous. a8..;were. the,iamilypapers -placed. at.my disposal" they by no mean.s.constitute.d.the whole oLmy materials... I. had. many lar.ge collections of. Malcolm's letters in my possession before. those. p,aperspassed into my hands.: Some. of. the. letters: derived . from foreign sources were.;the. originals_of these in _the familyJetter~ books. Others. were hastilY-Wl'itten,._but.often.sugg~stive communications referring .to immediate ,topics of the, day, of. which ,nO .copies had _been .preserved.-. These·. undress. effusIons are often.of .more .. value :tQ.the.hiographer than more studied. compositions ; . and. it may be· mentioned,;. PREFACE. whilst-on.. this subject,., thatahel veryf best, biographical materia1S<at.my,command.have_been.M81co1m'sletters·to his wife. And I!donot.think!that. any, read~!will. have just ground of. complainuhat ,Lhave;suffered; in,this work, the historical. to>overlaythe :biographical. The :Life .. of Sit.Jo1m..Malcolm.iS: the.life.x>f:amari'-6ctively.employed. in the,public~eniCe" 'Wlit}{ rate intervalsr.Jor:-half, a. cen-. tury. AwLo£ these_publio.:.services thaMemoir:Jurnishes a detailed .accouht~. ~ut,it.may with.tmtth':besaid,with reference to. all the:great 'historical eventQgl~ced:atiri' this Memoiry thatMaJcolm,-was:not'mereljrin tliem,..but of them~.ar8 :magna.: To' .use10oo;of ;his 1favorit~: ex,; pressions, ,the." laboring .oar'! was,always m..hia hand. So. large a.nd sculistinct was hia:indiridualityr thaUheman himself-is ever. to: be! Beenin;thMoreground; impressing himself.upon alLthe'svents:with-:w-hich: he was -connected, and shaping·.them..b1.thEL force; oLms 'own personal-cha­ racter. L'believe~ it would- be:no,exaggeratWn ~to:·s:iy that. the lIistory;.o£:Ind.ia·;c~beJjut imperfOOtly: under. stood ,without~an.,understan.ding:.also;of.thercharacter:of Sir,John.Malcolm .. , . And I.amlreminded.by this:,of-.the;obligatic:ms.: which. I. owe to some ~o£:thesurviving friends of! the. 'SUbject: of this Memoir; fdr 1)ral communications 'Of more valiIe than. written documents. As I never saw Sir John MalColm; who "died whilst I was on my way out to India as a cadet, I have endeavoured to the utmost to supply' the wants 9f my own personal knowledge by gath~ring unrecorded information from those who knew him best. And as he was not one to pass readily out of the recollection of any viii PREFACE. who had once known him, I have seldom failed to elicit some characteristic reminiscences from the cotemporaries whose assistance I have sought. It remains only to be observed, that, with the excep­ tion of two or three letters, the correspondence quoted in this :M;emoir is now published for the first time. In the later editions of the Wellington Correspondence may be found one or two of the Duke's letters to Malcolm, which appear also in the first of these volumes. The publication of the remainder, however, has not been an­ ticipated by Colonel Gurwood. There ,vas no one to whom t?e Duke of Wellington wrote more urireservedly than to Sir John Malcolm. This unreserve has rendered necessary a cautious use of the correspondence; but enough is still given to show the intimate terms on which they corresponded, and to illustrate, at the same time, many interes)iing traits of the .Duke's character. On turning over these printed pages, before finally dis­ missing them to take their chance with the Public, _and on again. referring to the materials (literally a room-full) out of which the Memoir has been shaped, I cannot re· sist a strong sensation of regret at the -thought of the many interesting and valuable papers still lying unused around me. I must console myself. with the thought that no. selection from these may some day be laid before the Public. 1. W. KAYE. LONDON, NopemlJer. 1856. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. CHAPTER L THE BOYHOOD OF Ion HALCOLH. [1769-1782.] PAGB The Home in Eskdaie-Ancestors-Parentage-MisCortunes of George Malcolm-The Family at Burnfoot-Oft'er of a Cadetship-John's Visit to London-Ordeal at the India-House-Departure for India.. 1 CHAPTER n. SUlIJ.LTElUr-LIPB -IN SOUTlIElUr INDIA. [1783-1794_] Arrival "at Madras-Departure for Vellore-First Years of Service­ Idleness and Extrava,,"'lInce-Early ReCormation-The War with Tippoo -Operations of the Nizam's Force-Oriental Studies-First Staff Ap- pointment-Return to England. •. ~ • • 9 CHAPTER m. PUBLOUGK TO ENGLAND. [179~1795"] Restoration of Health-Detention in London-Introduction to General Clarke-Visits to BurnFoot and Alva-Resolution to Return to India-Arrangements for the VOYIlo<>e-Appointment to the Staft' of .General Clarke-Departure from England-Capture of the Cape of Good Hope ". 30 x CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. THE STAPP AT MADBAS. [1796-1798.] PAGB Appointment to the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief-The Military Se­ cretaryship-Letters to Burnfoot-Departure of Sir Alured Clarke­ Appointment to the Staff of General Harris - Departure -of Lord Hobart-The Town-Majorship of Fort St. George 49 CHAPTER V. HYDERAlIAD AND llYSORE. [1798-1199;] - Arrival of Lord Wellesley-The Hyderabad ASsistantship-Disbandment of the French Corps-Malcolm's Share in the Operations-Voya"ae to Calcutta-Meeting with Lord Wellesley-The Siege of Seringapatam -The Mysore Commissionership-Return to Hyderabad 63 CHAPTER -VI. ACl!.OSS '!HE l'ENlNSULA; [1799-1800.] Malcolm's Appointment. to the Persian Mission_Its Objects-Rumored Invasion of Zemaun Shah-Local Attachments-Maloolm's Journey to. Hyderabad-Business there ....Incidents Df .Travel..... lU:turn to Bombay ~ 89 . CHAPTER VII. THE PERSIAN .EMllAllSY. [1800-1801.] Arrival at Muscat-Negotiations with the Imaum-Delays at Bushire­ Presents and Ceremonies-Reception at Shiraz ....Halt at Lipahan-­ Journey to Teheran..o..lnterviews with the King-Negotiation of the Treaties ..... Their..Character..-Approval of .Government.~ lU:turn. to, India •. 105 CHAPTER VIII. THE PRIVATE SECRETARYSHIl'. [1801-1803.] . Dangerous Voyage to Calcutta-Departure- for the Upper Provinces­ Intercourse with Lord Wellesley-The River Voya"ae-betters to Mr•. Barlow-oonfidentialMission to Madras ___Return,to Bengal~eath_ of the Persian Ambassador-Mission to Bombay~oumey acrolW the': Peninsula-Dealings with the Persians_Return to Calcutta-Appoint...- ment to the Mysore Residency. .' 155 Q.803~80i.l ~AGB Mahratta Politica-Flight oUhei,Peishwah~e,Treaty,of,:Bassein...".­ Malcolm at Head-Quariel'll-htercoursewith ,General Wellesley---&­ lltoration of the Peishwah-The Mahratta.wa.r-mness of MalQolm~ Departure from Camp-EJrects of his Retlll"l).-The Treaty of Peace. 199 T1DI flUIArY WITH. SCDlDIAlI. ,[1803-1804.) . Progre88 of the war..-MiIlcom'lI Return to Camp-HiLGenial Presence. -WattelPunt-Mountstuart Elphinstone-.-Negotiations for Peace..,.
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