CSCI 534(Affective Computing)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Tor Wager Diana L
Tor Wager Diana L. Taylor Distinguished Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences Dartmouth College Email: [email protected] https://wagerlab.colorado.edu Last Updated: July, 2019 Executive summary ● Appointments: Faculty since 2004, starting as Assistant Professor at Columbia University. Associate Professor in 2009, moved to University of Colorado, Boulder in 2010; Professor since 2014. 2019-Present: Diana L. Taylor Distinguished Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College. ● Publications: 240 publications with >50,000 total citations (Google Scholar), 11 papers cited over 1000 times. H-index = 79. Journals include Science, Nature, New England Journal of Medicine, Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, Nature Methods, PNAS, Psychological Science, PLoS Biology, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Nature Reviews Neurology, Nature Medicine, Journal of Neuroscience. ● Funding: Currently principal investigator on 3 NIH R01s, and co-investigator on other collaborative grants. Past funding sources include NIH, NSF, Army Research Institute, Templeton Foundation, DoD. P.I. on 4 R01s, 1 R21, 1 RC1, 1 NSF. ● Awards: Awards include NSF Graduate Fellowship, MacLean Award from American Psychosomatic Society, Colorado Faculty Research Award, “Rising Star” from American Psychological Society, Cognitive Neuroscience Society Young Investigator Award, Web of Science “Highly Cited Researcher”, Fellow of American Psychological Society. Two patents on research products. ● Outreach: >300 invited talks at universities/international conferences since 2005. Invited talks in Psychology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, Neurology, Anesthesiology, Radiology, Medical Anthropology, Marketing, and others. Media outreach: Featured in New York Times, The Economist, NPR (Science Friday and Radiolab), CBS Evening News, PBS special on healing, BBC, BBC Horizons, Fox News, 60 Minutes, others. -
1 Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De La Torre Abstract Facial Expression
Please do not quote. In press, Handbook of affective computing. New York, NY: Oxford Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing Jeffrey F. Cohn & Fernando De la Torre Abstract Facial expression communicates emotion, intention, and physical state, and regulates interpersonal behavior. Automated Face Analysis (AFA) for detection, synthesis, and understanding of facial expression is a vital focus of basic research. While open research questions remain, the field has become sufficiently mature to support initial applications in a variety of areas. We review 1) human-observer based approaches to measurement that inform AFA; 2) advances in face detection and tracking, feature extraction, registration, and supervised learning; and 3) applications in action unit and intensity detection, physical pain, psychological distress and depression, detection of deception, interpersonal coordination, expression transfer, and other applications. We consider user-in-the-loop as well as fully automated systems and discuss open questions in basic and applied research. Keywords Automated Face Analysis and Synthesis, Facial Action Coding System (FACS), Continuous Measurement, Emotion, Nonverbal Communication, Synchrony 1. Introduction The face conveys information about a person’s age, sex, background, and identity, what they are feeling, or thinking (Darwin, 1872/1998; Ekman & Rosenberg, 2005). Facial expression regulates face-to-face interactions, indicates reciprocity and interpersonal attraction or repulsion, and enables inter-subjectivity between members of different cultures (Bråten, 2006; Fridlund, 1994; Tronick, 1989). Facial expression reveals comparative evolution, social and emotional development, neurological and psychiatric functioning, and personality processes (Burrows & Cohn, In press; Campos, Barrett, Lamb, Goldsmith, & Stenberg, 1983; Girard, Cohn, Mahoor, Mavadati, & Rosenwald, 2013; Schmidt & Cohn, 2001). Not surprisingly, the face has been of keen interest to behavioral scientists. -
Emotion Classification Based on Biophysical Signals and Machine Learning Techniques
S S symmetry Article Emotion Classification Based on Biophysical Signals and Machine Learning Techniques Oana Bălan 1,* , Gabriela Moise 2 , Livia Petrescu 3 , Alin Moldoveanu 1 , Marius Leordeanu 1 and Florica Moldoveanu 1 1 Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest 060042, Romania; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (M.L.); fl[email protected] (F.M.) 2 Department of Computer Science, Information Technology, Mathematics and Physics (ITIMF), Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Ploiesti 100680, Romania; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 030014, Romania; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40722276571 Received: 12 November 2019; Accepted: 18 December 2019; Published: 20 December 2019 Abstract: Emotions constitute an indispensable component of our everyday life. They consist of conscious mental reactions towards objects or situations and are associated with various physiological, behavioral, and cognitive changes. In this paper, we propose a comparative analysis between different machine learning and deep learning techniques, with and without feature selection, for binarily classifying the six basic emotions, namely anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise, into two symmetrical categorical classes (emotion and no emotion), using the physiological recordings and subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance from the DEAP (Dataset for Emotion Analysis using EEG, Physiological and Video Signals) database. The results showed that the maximum classification accuracies for each emotion were: anger: 98.02%, joy:100%, surprise: 96%, disgust: 95%, fear: 90.75%, and sadness: 90.08%. In the case of four emotions (anger, disgust, fear, and sadness), the classification accuracies were higher without feature selection. -
The Future of Emotion Research in the Study of Psychopathology
Emotion Review Vol. 2, No. 3 (July 2010) 225–228 © 2010 SAGE Publications and The International Society for Research on Emotion The Future of Emotion Research in the Study ISSN 1754-0739 DOI: 10.1177/1754073910361986 of Psychopathology er.sagepub.com Ann M. Kring Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA Abstract Research on emotion and psychopathology has blossomed due in part to the translation of affective science theory and methods to the study of diverse disorders. This translational approach has helped the field to hone in more precisely on the nature of emo- tion deficits to identify antecedent causes and maintaining processes, and to develop promising new interventions. The future of emotion research in psychopathology will benefit from three inter-related areas, including an emphasis on emotion difficulties that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries (i.e., a transdiagnostic approach), the explicit linking of emotion and cognition in behavioral and neuroimaging studies in psychopathology, and continued translation of the latest conceptualizations of emotion to the study of psychopathology. Keywords cognition, emotion, mental illness, psychopathology, transdiagnostic In the past two decades, the number of studies on emotion and Where We Have Been psychopathology has expanded greatly. A search in PsychInfo for peer-reviewed articles containing the most generic of key- Given the ubiquity of emotion-related symptoms in psychopa- words, “emotion” and “mental illness” or “psychopathology”, thology (e.g., anger, anhedonia, anxiety, excited mood, fear, yields 613 peer reviewed articles in just the past 20 years. By flat affect, guilt, irritability, sad mood), most of the early contrast, 441 articles with these keywords are found for the 80 research sought to describe emotion-related disturbances. -
Expert Meeting on Empathy and Compassion
Expert Meeting on Empathy and Compassion Leveraging Basic Research to Inform Intervention Development September 16–17, 2019 Washington, DC Final March 17, 2020 This meeting summary was prepared by Frances McFarland, Rose Li and Associates, Inc., under contract to the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health. The views expressed in this document reflect both individual and collective opinions of the meeting participants and not necessarily those of the National Institute on Aging. Review of earlier versions of this meeting summary by the following individuals is gratefully acknowledged: Arielle Baskin- Sommers, Sona Dimidjian, Rebecca Lazeration, Robert Levenson, Rose Li, Abigail Marsh, Joan Monin, Lis Nielsen, Lisa Onken, Nancy Tuvesson, Greg Siegle, Lucas Smalldon, Bethany Stokes Expert Meeting on Empathy and Compassion September 2019 Acronym Definitions AD Alzheimer’s disease ADRD AD and related dementias BBCSS NASEM Board of Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences BSR NIA Division of Behavioral and Social Research bvFTD behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia CBT cognitive behavioral therapy CM compassion meditation LKM lovingkindness meditation NASEM National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine NIA National Institute on Aging RCT randomized controlled trial SOBC Science of Behavior Change Acronym Definitions Page i Expert Meeting on Empathy and Compassion September 2019 Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. -
Conceptual Framework for Quantum Affective Computing and Its Use in Fusion of Multi-Robot Emotions
electronics Article Conceptual Framework for Quantum Affective Computing and Its Use in Fusion of Multi-Robot Emotions Fei Yan 1 , Abdullah M. Iliyasu 2,3,∗ and Kaoru Hirota 3,4 1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; [email protected] 2 College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia 3 School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan; [email protected] 4 School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study presents a modest attempt to interpret, formulate, and manipulate the emotion of robots within the precepts of quantum mechanics. Our proposed framework encodes emotion information as a superposition state, whilst unitary operators are used to manipulate the transition of emotion states which are subsequently recovered via appropriate quantum measurement operations. The framework described provides essential steps towards exploiting the potency of quantum mechanics in a quantum affective computing paradigm. Further, the emotions of multi-robots in a specified communication scenario are fused using quantum entanglement, thereby reducing the number of qubits required to capture the emotion states of all the robots in the environment, and therefore fewer quantum gates are needed to transform the emotion of all or part of the robots from one state to another. In addition to the mathematical rigours expected of the proposed framework, we present a few simulation-based demonstrations to illustrate its feasibility and effectiveness. This exposition is an important step in the transition of formulations of emotional intelligence to the quantum era. -
A Provisional Taxonomy of Subjectively Experienced Positive Emotions
Affective Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-020-00009-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE A Provisional Taxonomy of Subjectively Experienced Positive Emotions Aaron C. Weidman1 & Jessica L. Tracy1 Received: 3 September 2019 /Accepted: 11 March 2020 # The Society for Affective Science 2020 Abstract Over the past two decades, scholars have conducted studies on the subjective experience of over 30 positive emotional states (see Weidman, Steckler, & Tracy, 2017). Yet, evidence from research on the non-verbal expression and biological correlates of positive emotions suggests that people likely experience far fewer than 30 distinct positive emotions. The present research provided an initial, lexically driven examination of how many, and which, positive emotions cohere as distinct subjective experiences, at both the state and trait levels. Four studies (including two pre-registered replications) using factor and network analyses of 5939 participants’ emotional experiences, elicited through the relived emotions task, found consistent evidence for nine distinct positive emotion states and five distinct traits. At both levels, many frequently studied positive emotions were found to overlap considerably or entirely with other ostensibly distinct states in terms of the subjective components used to describe them, suggesting that researchers currently study more positive emotions than individuals experience distinctively. These find- ings provide the first-ever comprehensive portrait of the taxonomic structure of subjectively experienced positive emotions, with -
Challenges and Opportunities for the Affective Sciences
Fox et al., Research Agenda for the Affective Sciences 1 Challenges and Opportunities for the Affective Sciences Andrew S. Fox* Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA USA Regina C. Lapate* Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA Richard J. Davidson Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI USA Alexander J. Shackman* Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA * contributed equally Word Count: Title (7 words); Main Text (3,909/3,500); References (107) Additional Elements: 1 Figure and 1 Box Abstract: 94 words Keywords: affective neuroscience; biological psychiatry; emotion; individual differences; neuroimaging Address Correspondence to: Andrew S. Fox ([email protected]) –or– Alexander J. Shackman ([email protected]) Fox et al., Research Agenda for the Affective Sciences 2 ABSTRACT (94 words) Emotion is a core feature of the human condition, with profound consequences for health, wealth, and wellbeing. Over the past quarter-century, improved methods for manipulating and measuring different features of emotion have yielded steady advances in our scientific understanding emotional states, traits, and disorders. Yet, it is clear that most of the work remains undone. Here, we highlight key challenges facing the field of affective sciences. Addressing these challenges will provide critical opportunities not just for understanding the mind, but also for increasing the impact of the affective sciences on public health and well-being. Fox et al., Research Agenda for the Affective Sciences 3 INTRODUCTION Emotions play a central role in human experience and there is an abiding interest—among scientists, clinicians, and the public at large—in understanding their nature and determining their impact on health and disease. -
Optimal Arousal Identification and Classification for Affective Computing Using Physiological Signals: Virtual Reality Stroop Task
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING, VOL. 1, NO. 2, JULY-DECEMBER 2010 109 Optimal Arousal Identification and Classification for Affective Computing Using Physiological Signals: Virtual Reality Stroop Task Dongrui Wu, Member, IEEE, Christopher G. Courtney, Brent J. Lance, Member, IEEE, Shrikanth S. Narayanan, Fellow, IEEE, Michael E. Dawson, Kelvin S. Oie, and Thomas D. Parsons Abstract—A closed-loop system that offers real-time assessment and manipulation of a user’s affective and cognitive states is very useful in developing adaptive environments which respond in a rational and strategic fashion to real-time changes in user affect, cognition, and motivation. The goal is to progress the user from suboptimal cognitive and affective states toward an optimal state that enhances user performance. In order to achieve this, there is need for assessment of both 1) the optimal affective/cognitive state and 2) the observed user state. This paper presents approaches for assessing these two states. Arousal, an important dimension of affect, is focused upon because of its close relation to a user’s cognitive performance, as indicated by the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Herein, we make use of a Virtual Reality Stroop Task (VRST) from the Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) to identify the optimal arousal level that can serve as the affective/cognitive state goal. Three stimuli presentations (with distinct arousal levels) in the VRST are selected. We demonstrate that when reaction time is used as the performance measure, one of the three stimuli presentations can elicit the optimal level of arousal for most subjects. Further, results suggest that high classification rates can be achieved when a support vector machine is used to classify the psychophysiological responses (skin conductance level, respiration, ECG, and EEG) in these three stimuli presentations into three arousal levels. -
A Fuzzy Modelling Approach of Emotion for Affective Computing Systems
A Fuzzy Modelling Approach of Emotion for Affective Computing Systems Charalampos Karyotis1, Faiyaz Doctor1, Rahat Iqbal1, Anne James1 and Victor Chang2 1Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, CV1 5FB, Coventry, U.K. 2School of Computing, Creative Technologies & Engineering, Leeds Beckett University, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, U.K. Keywords: Adaptive Fuzzy Systems, Emotion Modelling, Affective Trajectories, Arousal Valence, Affective Computing, Personalised Learning. Abstract: In this paper we present a novel affective modelling approach to be utilised by Affective Computing systems. This approach is a combination of the well known Arousal Valence model of emotion and the newly introduced Affective Trajectories Hypothesis. An adaptive data driven fuzzy method is proposed in order to extract personalized emotion models, and successfully visualise the associations of these models’ basic elements, to different emotional labels, using easily interpretable fuzzy rules. Namely we explore how the combinations of arousal, valence, prediction of the future, and the experienced outcome after this prediction, enable us to differentiate between different emotional labels. We use the results obtained from a user study consisting of an online survey, to demonstrate the potential applicability of this affective modelling approach, and test the effectiveness and stability of its adaptive element, which accounts for individual differences between the users. We also propose a basic architecture in order for this approach to be used effectively by AC systems, and finally we present an implementation of a personalised learning system which utilises the suggested framework. This implementation is tested through a pilot experimental session consisting of a tutorial on fuzzy logic which was conducted under an activity-led and problem based learning context. -
Comparative Analysis of Joy and Awe in Four Cultures Daria B
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Dissertations The Graduate School Spring 2017 Being and beholding: Comparative analysis of joy and awe in four cultures Daria B. White James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/diss201019 Part of the Counselor Education Commons, and the Multicultural Psychology Commons Recommended Citation White, Daria B., "Being and beholding: Comparative analysis of joy and awe in four cultures" (2017). Dissertations. 150. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/diss201019/150 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Being and Beholding: Comparative Analysis of Joy and Awe in Four Cultures Daria Borislavova White A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Department of Graduate Psychology May 2017 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Dr. Debbie Sturm Committee Members: Dr. Lennis Echterling Dr. Cara Meixner Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to all the wonderful people who shared the most precious “eternal moments” of their lives with me. To all of you, I offer my heartfelt gratitude. I have rejoiced in reading and rereading your stories, living with your memories, learning from you all how to be be-filled and beholding. I write in remembrance of two beloved people who died in 2008 – my brother Ivaylo, whose bear hugs, warmth and sharing nature were a shelter for me, and my friend Mirela, whose pure soul, tinkling laughter and sharp intelligence are irreplaceable. -
Computational Affective Science
Computational Affective Science Joost Broekens [email protected] Man-Machine Interaction, TU Delft, The Netherlands In the target article, Hudlicka points out very clearly that there are several key challenges in affective computing in general and computational modeling of emotion in particular. The lack of guidelines and the sharing of best-practices as well as failures are some of those challenges. These challenges are very relevant when one is interested in the development of computational models of emotion that are focused on being applied in particular domain, for example games, virtual avatars or social robots [1]. As Hudlicka shows, choices and assumptions have to be made when developing a computational model based on, e.g., an appraisal theory. More often than not, these choices and assumptions are left unaddressed in the final publications, and rarely are the object of experimental investigation, while it is precisely these choices that make the computational model run in the first place (e.g., some representation of a goal is needed, but how is a goal represented in the agent?). Hudlicka provides an impressive overview of the different choices one has to make and the different options one has when computationally modeling emotion. It is therefore interesting to note that for many of these options it is unclear, not due to Hudlicka’s overview but due to the lack of experimental data, why one should pick one or the other if one is interested in grounding the option in emotion psychology. For example, how and when to integrate (mix) emotions is a thorny issue that is far from solved.