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Etobicoke Creek Headwaters Subwatershed Study Sythesis Report

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Etobicoke Creek Headwaters Subwatershed Study Sythesis Report Etobicoke Creek Headwaters Subwatershed Study Synthesis Report Prepared by: and FINAL REPORT September 2008 in partnership with: Preface In 2002 the Etobicoke and Mimico Creek Watersheds Task Force released Greening Our Watersheds: Revitalization Strategies for Etobicoke and Mimico Creeks , which established a vision and objectives for healthier and more sustainable watersheds by the year 2025 (TRCA, 2002a). Protection of the natural features and functions of the headwaters was recognized as being vitally important to the overall health of Etobicoke Creek. As the urbanized portion of the Greater Toronto Area continues to grow, the headwaters of Etobicoke Creek are expected to experience significant development pressure. This area was identified as a high priority for subwatershed planning to inform an environmental assessment study for a proposed extension of the Region of Peel’s Lake Ontario-based water supply infrastructure to the north and to inform the Town of Caledon’s community planning process for the Mayfield West area, located north of Mayfield Road, east and west of Highway 10 (Hurontario Street). In October of 2003, the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) initiated a subwatershed planning study for the Etobicoke Creek Headwaters in partnership with the Region of Peel, Town of Caledon, City of Brampton and the Etobicoke and Mimico Creek Watersheds Coalition. The subwatershed study provided an opportunity to examine local watershed management issues and formulate recommendations for actions that would contribute to achieving the objectives of Greening Our Watersheds in this area. While the original workplan envisioned studies to predict the response of the subwatershed system to different scenarios of land use change, the pace at which planning initiatives in the study area were proceeding necessitated that the workplan be modified in 2005. It was decided that a single report would be produced from the study that included recommendations for further study to inform the preparation of terms of reference for environmental planning studies that would be required by municipalities from development proponents in support of proposed new developments. Recommendations regarding management actions necessary for watershed protection, based on available knowledge of current conditions, and high priority initiatives to implement the study recommendations were also to be included. This Etobicoke Creek Headwaters Subwatershed Study Synthesis Report summarizes, integrates and documents the findings and recommendations from the subwatershed planning study 1. Part I provides background information on the purpose of the study and process followed. Part II describes current conditions in the subwatershed regarding land use 2, groundwater 2 surface water quantity 2 and quality, fluvial geomorphology 2, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems 2 and cultural heritage. Part III describes the framework of objectives, indicators and targets for watershed management established by Greening Our Watersheds . It includes recommendations for 1 Preparation of this report occurred between October 2004 and November 2005, at which time a draft was circulated to Steering Committee members for review and comment. While finalization of this report to address Steering Committee comments was completed in 2008, the information on subwatershed conditions represents what was available between October 2004 and November 2005. 2 Updated and more comprehensive information on current conditions for the entire Etobicoke and Mimico Creek watersheds will be integrated and reported through the TRCA’s 2008/09 Etobicoke and Mimico Creek watersheds update study. management actions necessary to protect and enhance watershed health, recommendations regarding further study needs, and outlines immediate next steps to be taken to implement the recommendations and in further environmental planning work to be conducted in the subwatershed. ii Table of Contents PART 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 1. Background ................................................................................................................1 1.1 Subwatershed Planning for Etobicoke Creek Headwaters ..........................................1 1.2 Study Process ................................................................................................................2 1.3 Planning Context ...........................................................................................................3 2. Study Area ................................................................................................................9 2.1 Location ................................................................................................................9 2.2 Physiography, Surficial Geology and Soils...................................................................9 2.3 Climate ..............................................................................................................12 2.4 Local Watershed Management Issues and Opportunities .........................................14 PART 2 CURRENT CONDITIONS ........................................................................................17 3. Land and Resource Use..............................................................................................17 3.1 Rural and Urban Land Use..........................................................................................17 3.2 Major Servicing ............................................................................................................20 3.3 Anticipated changes to land and resource use ..........................................................21 3.4 Links to Other Subwatershed System Components ..................................................24 3.5 Management Considerations......................................................................................25 4. Groundwater Quantity and Quality..............................................................................28 4.1 Measuring Groundwater Quantity and Quality ...........................................................28 4.2 Groundwater Flow .......................................................................................................28 4.3 Groundwater Recharge and Discharge ......................................................................29 4.4 Groundwater Use.........................................................................................................33 4.5 Groundwater Quality ..................................................................................................33 4.6 Current State of the Groundwater System..................................................................34 iii 4.7 Management Considerations ......................................................................................34 5. Surface Water Quantity................................................................................................36 5.1 Water Balance ..............................................................................................................36 5.2 Measuring Surface Water Quantity .............................................................................38 5.3 Stream Flow ..............................................................................................................41 5.4 Flooding ..............................................................................................................43 5.5 Surface Water Use.......................................................................................................44 5.6 Current Surface Water Quantity Conditions................................................................48 5.7 Management Considerations ......................................................................................48 6. Surface Water Quality..................................................................................................51 6.1 Provincial Water Quality Data ......................................................................................51 6.2 TRCA Water Quality Sampling Data............................................................................57 6.3 Current State of Water Quality.....................................................................................60 6.4 Management Considerations ......................................................................................60 7. Fluvial Geomorphology ...............................................................................................62 7.1 Measuring Fluvial Geomorphology.............................................................................62 7.2 Reach Delineations and Assessments........................................................................63 7.3 Channel stability ..........................................................................................................66 7.4 Current State of Fluvial Geomorphology ....................................................................67 7.5 Management Considerations ......................................................................................67 8. Terrestrial System ........................................................................................................68 8.1 Measuring the Terrestrial System................................................................................68 8.2 Quality ..............................................................................................................69
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