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Guide to High Performance Alloys

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Guide to High Performance Alloys Table of Contents Alloy Guide 3 The Alloys of Materion Brush Performance Alloys 4 Chemical Composition 6 Alloy Products 6 Physical Properties 8 Product Guide 10 Strip and Wire Temper Designations 11 Strip 12 Strip Product Specifications 13 Spring Bend Limits of Strip Alloys 19 Wire 20 Rod, Bar, Tube and Plate Temper Designations 22 Rod and Bar 22 Tube 26 Plate and Rolled Bar 29 MoldMAX® and PROtherm™ Plastic Tooling Alloys 31 ToughMet® and Alloy 25 Oilfield Products 32 Alloy 25 Drill String Temper (25 DST) 33 BrushCAST® Casting Ingot & Master Alloys 34 Forged and Extruded Finished Components 36 Cast Shapes 37 Recommended Replacements for Discontinued Alloys 38 Materion Brush Performance Alloys Value-Added Services 39 Custom Fabrication Capabilities 40 Customer Technical Service 40 Other Services 42 Processing and Fabrication Guide 43 Heat Treating Fundamentals 44 Forming of Strip 47 Cleaning and Finishing 50 Joining 51 Machining 53 Hardness 56 Microstructures 57 Other Attributes and Application Engineering Data 59 Fatigue Strength 60 Stress Relaxation Resistance 62 Corrosion Resistance 64 Magnetic Properties 67 Galling Resistance 68 Bearing Properties 69 Friction & Wear Properties 69 Resilience and Toughness 70 Elevated Temperature Properties 71 Cryogenic Properties 72 Other Attributes 72 Your Supplier 73 Company and Corporate History 74 Materion Corporate Profile 75 Brush Performance Alloys Mining & Manufacturing 77 Product Distribution 78 Customer Service 79 Quality 80 Health and Safety, Environment and Recycling 81 Alloy Guide The copper and nickel alloys commonly supplied in wrought product form are highlighted in this section. Wrought products are those in which final shape is achieved by working rather than by casting. Cast alloys are described in a later section of this publication. Although the alloys in this guide are foremost in the line that has estab- lished Materion Brush Performance Alloys’ worldwide reputation for quality, they are not the only possibilities. We welcome the opportunity to work with you in selecting or developing an alloy to make your application succeed. THE ALLOYS OF MAtERiON BRUSH PERFORMANCE ALLOYS 4 CHEMiCAL COMpOSitiON 6 ALLOY PROdUCtS 6 PHYSiCAL PROpERtiES 8 3 Alloy Guide The Alloys of Materion Brush Performance Alloys In addition to the standard alloys listed here, Materion Brush Alloy 165 contains less beryllium than Alloy 25. and may Performance Alloys has the capability to produce other copper be substituted when strength is less demanding. Alloy 165 alloys, or to provide toll processing of alloys cast elsewhere. Please is available in wrought product forms in heat treatable and consult with your local sales representative for further information. aged tempers. Copper Beryllium Alloys 3 and 10 combine moderate yield strength, up Materion Brush Performance Alloys manufactures copper beryllium to 125 ksi, with electrical and thermal conductivity from in several distinct compositions. These fall into two categories: alloys 45 to 60 % of pure copper. Alloys 3 and 10 are available selected for high strength (Alloys 25, 190, 290, M25 and 165) in wrought product forms and can be supplied fully and alloys selected for high conductivity (Alloys 3, 10, 174 and hardened. Hardened products are identified by the temper Brush 60®). Alloy 390® combines both attributes, high strength and designation AT or HT, and have good formability. high conductivity. Many of these alloys are available in both heat ® treatable and mill hardened (pre-heat treated) conditions. Brush 60 and Brush Alloy 174 offer users the opportunity to upgrade component performance over Alloy 25 is the most commonly specified copper beryllium and is bronzes and brasses, particularly where conductivity and available in the wrought forms listed on page 7. In its age hardened stress relaxation resistance are design considerations. condition, Alloy 25 attains the highest strength and hardness of any They are supplied with yield strength up to 125 ksi, commercial copper base alloy. The ultimate tensile strength can superior to other copper alloys such as phosphor bronze, exceed 200 ksi, while the hardness approaches HRC 45. Also, in silicon bronze, aluminum, brass and copper nickel alloys. the fully aged condition, the electrical conductivity is a minimum of Furthermore, they offer up to five-fold better electrical 22% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard, where 100% conductivity than those alloys, and exhibit better stress IACS = 0.679 micro-ohm-inches or 1.72 micro-ohm-cm). Alloy 25 relaxation resistance. These alloys offer an excellent also exhibits exceptional resistance to stress relaxation at elevated combination of elastic modulus, strength, formability and temperatures. conductivity. Both are available as mill hardened strip. Alloy 190 is a mill hardened strip product. The strip is Alloy 390® and Alloy 390E® combine the best age hardened to a specified strength level as part of the attributes of the two separate families of commercial copper manufacturing process at Brush Performance Alloys prior to beryllium alloys – the strength of the “high strength” Alloy shipment. This alloy is similar to Alloy 25 in chemical composition. 25 with the conductivity of “high conductivity” Alloys 3 and Alloy 190 is supplied with tensile strength up to 190 ksi. Cost 174. In addition to the combination of high strength and effectiveness is realized by elimination of the need for age conductivity, Alloys 390® and 390E® have excellent stress hardening and cleaning of stamped parts. relaxation resistance at elevated temperatures. In applications where durability is important, their excellent fatigue strength Alloy 290 is a mill hardened strip product that is similar in extends product life and improves product quality. Alloy 390® strength properties and composition to Alloy 190, but exhibits and 390E® are available as prehardened strip. improved formability. Component reliability and fabrication considerations may require a high strength material with good Alloy 310 is a copper nickel cobalt beryllium alloy formability. The improved strength/formability relationship of with high electrical and thermal conductivity. It possesses Alloy 290 makes it a cost effective alternative to conventional mill good strength and hardness, and has been shown to have hardened product for such applications. excellent thermal fatigue resistance. It is typically used in welding electrodes as well as dies, plunger tips and nozzles Alloy M25 offers the strength properties of Alloy 25 with the for metal die casting. added benefit of being “free machining.” Alloy M25 rod and wire contain a small amount of lead to provide an alloy tailored for Nickel Beryllium automatic machining operations. Lead promotes formation of Alloy 360 nickel beryllium strip features high strength and finely divided chips and extends cutting tool life. stiffness usually associated with steel and nickel alloys, while retaining excellent formability. It can withstand temperatures up to 700° F (375 °C) without losing spring properties, and will retain over 90% of its initial stress over 1,000 hours at that temperature. © 2012 Materion Brush Inc. 4 Alloy Guide ToughMet® FormaMet® is a machinable die bronze used for deep drawing Materion Brush Performance Alloys produces a number or forming of stainless and low carbon steels. It combines high of engineered high performance copper alloys using a hardness (typically 39 HRC) with excellent lubricity and high patented technology called EquaCast®. The process produces resistance to wear and galling. It promotes extended tool life and an extremely uniform, fine-grained microstructure and minimizes wrinkling and tearing of drawn parts. promotes excellent dispersion of alloy elements for high quality, consistent products. Plastic Tooling Alloys Materion Brush Performance Alloys also manufactures ToughMet® 2 is a spinodally hardened copper nickel tin MoldMAX® and PROtherm™ alloys for use as tooling and inserts alloy possessing outstanding lubricity and machinability. Its in the plastic molding industries. corrosion resistance is superior to most other copper alloys, MoldMAX HH® is a high strength copper beryllium alloy, with with hardness up to HRC 27. It is used for wear plates and typical hardness of HRC 40 and thermal conductivity of 75 BTU/ low friction bushings and bearings. ft·hr·°F (130 W/m·°C). Its hardness and wear resistance make ToughMet® 3 is a spinodally hardened copper nickel it suitable for injection mold components and long life in wear- tin alloy, possessing much higher strength and hardness, prone blow mold components. equivalent to Alloy 25. It has exceptional tarnish resistance MoldMAX LH® is heat treated to an optimum toughness at room temperature, and its corrosion resistance is even at a hardness of HRC 30. It has higher thermal conductivity of greater than that of Alloy 25 or ToughMet® 2. It is used for 90 BTU/ft·hr·°F (155 W/m·°C) and greater impact strength. heavily loaded bushings or bearings commonly found in It is used in place of the HH temper where faster cycles and aircraft, off-road equipment and industrial machinery. It is improved toughness are needed. often used for sour oilfield service, and is compliant to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 with no restriction on hardness. PROtherm™ (formerly MoldMAX SC®) is a high conductivity copper beryllium alloy, with hardness around HRC 20 and a Other Alloys thermal conductivity of 145 BTU/ft·hr·°F (250 W/m·°C). It is BrushForm® 158 is a spinodally hardened copper typically used for blow
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