DOCSLIB.ORG

Emergent Identities in the African Diaspora: “The Bocas Way”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emergent Identities in the African Diaspora: “The Bocas Way” Emergent Identities in the African Diaspora: “The Bocas Way” By Jerry J. Howard Jr. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Laurie A. Wilkie, Chair Professor Rosemary A. Joyce Professor Ugo Nwokeji Spring 2014 1 Abstract Emergent Identities in Bocas del Toro, Panama: Diaspora “The Bocas Way” By Jerry J. Howard Jr. Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Laurie Wilkie, Chair This dissertation is an example of community-engaged scholarship. Working with descendant communities in Bocas del Toro, I have conducted ethnographic and oral historical accounts, archival research, and archaeological excavations. My work combines these sources to trace how identities are created, maintained, and change over time. I argue for the importance of social context in identity formation and explore how identity in Bocas del Toro is often expressed through foodways. Today Bocas del Toro, Panama is a diverse racial and ethnic gumbo that has produced a unique Afro-creole culture. The culture area primarily consists of self- identified Afro-Antilleans, but with important contributions from Latino, Chinese, indigenous Panamanians and wealthy White European and American retirees and adventurers. Within the written history of this fascinating culture there are many silences and unanswered questions regarding the early Afro-Antillean inhabitants. My research offers insight into the chronology and components of the present-day culture and explains current demographic trends as well as the local culture history. My research further offers insight into the interactions and trade spheres that developed and supported the early post contact inhabitants during a time when neither the Spanish nor the English had firm control over the region. i Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my father. From an early age he instilled in me a desire to succeed at what ever tasks I was given. Without his support and guidance I would not be where I am today. This work is also dedicated to my partner and three children, who have patiently been by my side for my entire student career. Thank you for all of your love, support, help, encouragement and dedication. I could not have accomplished as much as I have without your support and understanding. This is a tribute to the five of you. ii Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..i List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………........iv List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………………………………v Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………vi Chapter #1: Introduction Geographical Location……………………………………………………………………………2 Historical Bocas……………………………………………………………………………………..2 My Personal Experiences with Marginalization……………………………………….6 Ethnographic Encounters……………………………………………………………………….7 The Structure of This Dissertation…………………………………………………………12 Chapter #2: Intersections of Difference: Formulating An Approach to African Diaspora Research The Early Relationship........................................................................................................13 Blank Slate, Africanisms, and Resistance....................................................................18 Civil Rights and Academia.................................................................................................20 African American Studies in the 1980’s......................................................................23 African American Studies in the 1990’s......................................................................24 Revisiting the Discipline.....................................................................................................28 The Notion of Diaspora.......................................................................................................29 Conclusion: Race, Continuity, and Diaspora..............................................................31 Chapter #3: Historical Development of African American Archaeology Beginnings in Acculturation.............................................................................................36 Plantation Archaeology and the Search for African Continuity........................38 Approaches to Cultural Transformations...................................................................40 African Diaspora, Community, and Black Feminist Archaeologies..................45 Chapter #4: Archaeological Encounters The Fieldwork.........................................................................................................................54 2009 Field Season: Exploring the Site..........................................................................55 2010 Field Season: Mapping, Magnetometry, and sampling..............................57 2011 Field Season: Pinpointed Geophysics...............................................................59 2012 Field Season: Excavating the Iglesias Homestead.......................................60 2012 Excavation Units in Detail..................................................................................... 62 Laboratory Analysis.............................................................................................................68 Curation.....................................................................................................................................71 Chapter #5: Discussion and Future Directions Definition od Diaspora........................................................................................................73 Three Approaches to African Diaspora Research...................................................74 Somos Piratas.........................................................................................................................75 iii Bananas and Cultural Transformations......................................................................75 Getting to Know Bocas........................................................................................................76 An Ethnographic Approach to African Diaspora Archaeology..........................77 Archaeology as a Political Tactic….................................................................................80 Racialized Systems................................................................................................................81 Pedestrian Survey, Archives, and Ethnography.......................................................83 Drago Historic Cemetery: Diaspora as Practice.......................................................86 Artifact Interpretations......................................................................................................87 Conclusions..............................................................................................................................90 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................92 Appendices...............................................................................................................................................110 iv List of Figures Figure 1: PRONAT Land Titling Survey 2008 Figure 2: 1864 Map of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago Figure 3: Isla Colon Bocas del Toro, Panama Figure 4: Starfish Beach Resort Development Plan Figure 5: Boca del Drago Total Station Survey Core Figure 6: 1914 Development Plan for Boca del Drago Figure 7: 2009 Posthole Survey Figure 8: 2010 Magnetometry Surveys and Unit Locations Figure 9: 2009 Pedestrian and GPS Survey Figure 10: 2011 Magnetometry Grids Figure 11: Iglesias 1 Magnetometry Survey Figure 12: Iglesias Property Lines and Oral Historical Knowledge of Homesteads Figure 13: Wood Post from Historic Foundation Figure 14: 2012 Iglesias Excavations with Drago Total Station Core Figure 15: Stratigraphic profiles of Units 49, 50, and 51 Figure 16: Illustration of Low Earthen Mounds at Sitio Drago Figure 17: Unit 50, 52, and 53, 55 Damages from Weather Issues Figure 18: Unit 52, 53, 55, and 57 Excavation Profiles Figure 19: Perspectives or Approaches to Diaspora Figure 20: Electric Resistivity from Sitio Drago Figure 21: Resistivity and Topography Overlay Figure 22: Brightly Colored Imported Historic Ceramics Figure 23: Brightly Colored Caribbean Houses of Bocas v List of Tables Table 1: Slave Trade Data Table 2: Distribution of Identified Chordata Classes Table 3: Genera and Species of Fish Identified by Unit Table 4: Mammals Across All Analyzed Levels Table 5: Distribution of Reptiles Table 6: List of Historic Ceramic Color Variations Table 7: Vessel Type of Historic Imported Ceramics Table 8: Locally made Ceramics compared with Historic Imported Ceramics Table 9: Fish Genera represented in different time period Table 10: List of Contributors vi Acknowledgements The pages of this dissertation hold far more than the culmination of years of research. These pages capture the relationships of the many kind and inspiring people I have met since beginning my graduate work. The list is long, but I cherish each contribution to my development as a scholar and teacher: I would like to begin by expressing my deepest gratitude to my dissertation chair Laurie Wilkie, for her encouraging words, thoughtful criticism, time and attention during busy semesters. I would also like to thank my academic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • View the Floating Doctors Volunteer Handbook
    Volunteer Handbook 1 Last Update 2016_07_30 Table of Contents 1. Floating Doctors a. Mission Statement b. Goals 2. Scope of Work a. Mobile Clinics b. Mobile Imaging c. Public Health Research d. Health Education e. Professional Training f. Patient Chaperoning g. Ethnomedicine h. Asilo i. Community Projects 3. Pre-Arrival Information a. Bocas del Toro b. Packing List c. Traveling to Bocas del Toro d. Arrival in Bocas 4. Volunteer Policies a. Work Standards b. Crew Code of Ethics and Conduct 5. Health and Safety a. Purpose b. Staying Healthy c. Safety Considerations 6. Financial Guidelines a. Volunteer Contributions b. Floating Doctors Contributions c. Personal Expenses 7. On-Site Logistics a. Community Guidelines b. Curfew c. Keys d. Laundry e. Resources f. Recycling 8. Living in Bocas a. Floating Doctors Discounts b. Groceries c. Restaurants d. Internet e. Phone 9. Basic Weekly Schedule a. Typical Weekly Schedule b. What to Expect on a Clinic Day c. What to Expect on a Multi-Day Clinic 10. Phone List 2 Last Update 2016_07_30 I. Floating Doctors Mission Statement The Floating Doctors’ ongoing mission is to reduce the present and future burden of disease in the developing world, and to promote improvements in health care delivery worldwide. Goals Our goals include: 1. Providing free acute and preventative health care services and delivering donated medical supplies to isolated areas. 2. Reducing child and maternal mortality through food safety/prenatal education, nutritional counseling and clean water solutions. 3. Studying and documenting local systems of health care delivery and identifying what progress have been made, what challenges remain, and what solutions exist to improve health care delivery worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama Breached Its Obligations Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to Protect the Rights of Its Indigenous People
    Panama Breached its Obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to Protect the Rights of Its Indigenous People Respectfully submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee on the occasion of its consideration of the Third Periodic Report of Panama pursuant to Article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Hearings of the United Nations Human Rights Committee New York City, United States of America 24 - 25 March 2008 Prepared and submitted by the Program in International Human Rights Law of Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, Indiana, and the International Human Rights Law Society of Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, Indiana. Principal Authors, Editors and Researchers: Ms. Megan Alvarez, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Ms. Carmen Brown, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Ms. Susana Mellisa Alicia Cotera Benites, LL.M International Human Rights Law (Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis), Bachelor’s in Law (University of Lima, Law School) Ms. Vanessa Campos, Bachelor Degree in Law and Political Science (University of Panama) Ms. Monica C. Magnusson, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Mr. David A. Rothenberg, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Mr. Jhon Sanchez, LL.B, MFA, LL.M (International Human Rights Law), J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Mr. Nelson Taku, LL.B, LL.M candidate in International Human Rights Law, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Ms. Eva F. Wailes, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Program in International Human Rights Law Director: George E.
    [Show full text]
  • Bocas Del Toro Mission
    Image not found or type unknown Bocas Del Toro Mission DOMINGO RAMOS SANJUR Domingo Ramos Sanjur, B.A. in Theology (Adventist University of Central America, Alajuela, Costa Rica), is the president of Bocas del Toro Mission. Previously, he was a pastor and area coordinator in Bocas del Toro. He is married to Ruth Luciano and has three children. Bocas del Toro Mission is an administrative unit of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Panama. It is a part of Panama Union Mission in the Inter-American Division of Seventh-day Adventists. Territory and Statistics Bocas del Toro is a province of Panama with Bocas del Toro as its capital city. As of 2018, it had an area of 45,843.90 km2 and a population of 170,320 inhabitants.1 It shares borders with the Caribbean Sea to the north, the province of Chiriquí to the south, the indigenous region of Ngöbe Buglé to the east and southeast, the province of Limón in Costa Rica to the west and northwest, and the province of Puntarenas in Costa Rica to the southwest. Bocas del Toro Mission has 30 churches, 4,272 members, and a population of 127,414. Its offices are on Avenida 17 de Abril in El Empalme, Changuinola, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Its territory includes the Bocas del Toro province and the Nio Cribo region, which itself includes Kankintú and Kusapín. It is a part of Panama Union Mission of the Inter- American Division.2 Bocas del Toro Mission also has 28 groups, two schools, one high school, three ordained ministers, and six licensed ministers as of 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Bocas Del Toro…………………………………………………………………….9
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Historical change in coral reef communities in Caribbean Panama Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2042h6rs Author Cramer, Katie Lynn Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Historical change in coral reef communities in Caribbean Panama A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography by Katie Lynn Cramer Committee in charge: Professor Jeremy Jackson, Chair Professor Christopher Charles Professor James Leichter Professor Richard Norris Professor Naomi Oreskes 2011 Copyright Katie Lynn Cramer, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Katie Lynn Cramer is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii DEDICATION For my parents, Harry and Connie Cramer iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature page……………………………………………………………………………iii Dedication………………………………………………………………………………...iv Table of contents…………………………………………………………………………..v List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………….ix List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….....xv Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………...xvi
    [Show full text]
  • Panama: Land Administration Project (Loan No
    Report No. 56565-PA Investigation Report Panama: Land Administration Project (Loan No. 7045-PAN) September 16, 2010 About the Panel The Inspection Panel was created in September 1993 by the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank to serve as an independent mechanism to ensure accountability in Bank operations with respect to its policies and procedures. The Inspection Panel is an instrument for groups of two or more private citizens who believe that they or their interests have been or could be harmed by Bank-financed activities to present their concerns through a Request for Inspection. In short, the Panel provides a link between the Bank and the people who are likely to be affected by the projects it finances. Members of the Panel are selected “on the basis of their ability to deal thoroughly and fairly with the request brought to them, their integrity and their independence from the Bank’s Management, and their exposure to developmental issues and to living conditions in developing countries.”1 The three-member Panel is empowered, subject to Board approval, to investigate problems that are alleged to have arisen as a result of the Bank having failed to comply with its own operating policies and procedures. Processing Requests After the Panel receives a Request for Inspection it is processed as follows: • The Panel decides whether the Request is prima facie not barred from Panel consideration. • The Panel registers the Request—a purely administrative procedure. • The Panel sends the Request to Bank Management, which has 21 working days to respond to the allegations of the Requesters.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama
    Vincentian Heritage Journal Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 1 1982 A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama Robert J. Swain C.M. Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj Recommended Citation Swain, Robert J. C.M. (1982) "A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama," Vincentian Heritage Journal: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vhj/vol3/iss1/1 This Articles is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Journals and Publications at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentian Heritage Journal by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 43 A History of the American Vincentian Fathers in Panama Robert J. Swain, C.M. On October 30th, 1963, while climbing the steps of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome to attend a session of the Second Vatican Council, the Dutch-born Archbishop of Panama, Francis Beckmann, C.M., collapsed of a heart attack and died. This sudden death symbolized the end of one historic era and the beginning of another. Since 1903, the year of Panamanian independence from Colombia, the head Bishop of Panama had always been a foreign-born missionary. After sixty years, the changing times in Latin America had finally caught up with the Isthmian Church. Beckmann's successor as Archbishop would be an Isthmian-born diocesan priest. In 1972, Panama's revolutionary government would expressly write into the new constitution that "officials of the Catholic Church in Panama .
    [Show full text]
  • The Trichoptera of Panama VII. Additional New Country Records for Caddisflies from the Republic of Panama
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2018 The rT ichoptera of Panama VII. Additional new country records for caddisflies from the Republic of Panama Brian J. Armitage Gorgas Institute, Panama, [email protected] Roger J. Blahnik University of Minnesota, [email protected] Steven C. Harris Clarion University, [email protected] Aydeé Cornejo Gorgas Institute, Panama, [email protected] Tatiana I. Arefina-Armitage Trichoptera, Inc., Columbus, OH, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Armitage, Brian J.; Blahnik, Roger J.; Harris, Steven C.; Cornejo, Aydeé; and Arefina-Armitage, Tatiana I., "The rT ichoptera of Panama VII. Additional new country records for caddisflies from the Republic of Panama" (2018). Insecta Mundi. 1134. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1134 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. March 30 INSECTA 2018 0614 1–7 A Journal of World Insect Systematics MUNDI 0614 The Trichoptera of Panama VII. Additional new country records for caddisflies from the Republic of Panama Brian J. Armitage Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudio de la Salud Ave. Justo Arosemena y Calle 35 Apartado Postal No 0816-02593 Panamá, Republic of Panamá Roger J. Blahnik Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN 55108 USA Steven C.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydro Dams and the Riverine Ecosystems of Mesoamerica – the Case of the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve (Panama) and Its Implications
    History Repeats? Hydro Dams and the Riverine Ecosystems of MesoAmerica – The Case of the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve (Panama) and its Implications. William O. McLarney Imagine that a third of all the fish species, including virtually all the larger species which contribute to fisheries, plus most of the crayfish, were eliminated from six states of the United States. And assume that this and consequent secondary effects on riverine ecosystems, including several large rivers lying within National Parks and Forests, were documented in the scientific literature. And let us suppose that the blame for this damage could clearly be assigned to a single type of human activity, undertaken without adequate prior consideration of ecosystem effects. Now, imagine that decades into the future the exact same activities were proposed for six more states. It is easy to imagine what comes next: Conservationists rush to the barricades, biologists predict the consequences, volumes of correspondence land on the desks of elected officials and bureaucrats, alternatives are proposed, fundraising campaigns are launched . The second half of this scenario is being enacted right now, not in the continental United States, but just to the south, and the impact stands to be felt in most of the National Parks, Biosphere Reserves and protected areas of the Mesoamerican isthmus, stretching for over 1,000 miles from Chiapas (Mexico) to the Choco (Colombia). The precedent is from the West Indies: The greater part of the aquatic biota of some of the larger West Indian islands has already been eliminated. The best documented cases are from Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe, where nearly all rivers have been dammed, resulting in complete elimination of native fish and shrimps above some dams, and drastic reductions in every case.
    [Show full text]
  • Tense, Aspect and Modality in Bastimentos
    TENSE, ASPECT AND MODALITY IN BASTIMENTOS CREOLE ENGLISH A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2019 Heidi Reid School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Chapter one: Introduction ............................................................................................ 18 1.1 Aims and scope of this thesis ............................................................................... 18 1.2 Framework and general approach ........................................................................ 23 1.2.1 Tense, aspect, modality .................................................................................... 25 1.2.2 Grammaticalisation: Layering & bleaching ..................................................... 27 1.3 TMA markers in BCE .......................................................................................... 29 1.3.1 Position and syntactic distribution ................................................................... 30 1.3.2 TMA combinations .......................................................................................... 31 1.4 Outline of chapters ............................................................................................... 32 2 Chapter two: Creoles .................................................................................................... 34 2.1 A distinct linguistic group? .................................................................................. 34 2.2 The concept of
    [Show full text]
  • Usaid Conservation of Central American Watersheds Program
    USAID CONSERVATION OF CENTRAL AMERICAN WATERSHEDS PROGRAM DELIVERABLE NO 4: PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR BOCAS DEL TORO SUBCONTRACT #EPP-I-04- 03-00014-03 MAY 2009 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Solimar International. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR BOCAS DEL TORO Contract No. EPP-I-04-03-00014-03 Submitted By: Solimar International Contact: Natalie Beesley, Program Manager 1327 14th Street NW, Suite 320 Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 518-6192 (x104) Fax: (202) 518-6194 Email: [email protected] Submitted To: Chemonics International MAY 2009 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Solimar International. PACKAGE DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................................3 SECTION I. Background ...................................................................................................3 SECTION II. Tourism Packages.........................................................................................6 SECTION III. Product Offerings in Bocas del Toro...........................................................9 SECTION IV. The Opportunity.......................................................................................13 SECTION V. Creating and Marketing Tourism Packages ..............................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Análisis De Costo Beneficio De Cuatro Proyectos Hidroeléctricos En La Cuenca Changuinola-Teribe
    Análisis de costo beneficio de cuatro proyectos hidroeléctricos en la cuenca Changuinola-Teribe www.acdpanama.org www.anaicr.org www.conservation-strategy.org E-mail E-mail E-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Telefax Teléfono Teléfono (507) 223-9170 (506) 2243570 (1) 707-822-5505 Fax Fax (506) 253 7524 (1) 707-822-5535 Sarah Cordero INCAE Business School Julio 2006 Ricardo Montenegro Alianza para la Conservación y el Desarrollo Maribel Mafla Asociación ANAI Irene Burgués Conservation Strategy Fund John Reid Conservation Strategy Fund Con el apoyo de: Análisis de costo beneficio de cuatro proyectos hidroeléctricos en la cuenca Changuinola-Teribe Sarah Cordero INCAE Business School Ricardo Montenegro Alianza para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Maribel Mafla Asociación ANAI Irene Burgués Conservation Strategy Fund John Reid Conservation Strategy Fund Análisis de costo beneficio de cuatro proyectos hidroeléctricos en la cuenca Changuinola-Teribe Créditos Sarah Cordero INCAE Business School Ricardo Montenegro Alianza para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Maribel Mafla Asociación ANAI Irene Burgués Arrea Conservation Strategy Fund John Reid Conservation Strategy Fund Fotografías Daniel Piaggio Strandlund Diseño y diagramación Kerigma Comunicación Análisis de costo beneficio de cuatro proyectos hidroeléctricos en la cuenca Changuinola-Teribe Tabla de Contenido Siglas y Abreviaciones 5 Resumen Ejecutivo 6 Executive summary 10 1. Introducción 13 1.1. Propósito 13 1.2. Los proyectos 13 1.3. Área de estudio 15 1.4. Sector eléctrico 17 2. Métodos y Resultados 19 2.1. Criterios de Análisis 19 2.2. Evaluación Financiera 20 2.2.1 Resultado 20 2.2.2 Horizonte temporal 20 2.2.3 Ingresos 21 2.2.4 Egresos 21 2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • ACD CERD Shadow Report
    Panama is in Breach of its Obligations to Indigenous Peoples under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination A shadow report respectfully submitted to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination On the occasion of its consideration of the 15 th to 20 th Periodic Reports of Panama Prepared and Submitted by: Caroline Mayhew Osvaldo Jordan Alianza para la Conservación y el Desarrollo Apartado Postal/PO Box 0824-00052 Panamá, Rep. De Panamá Vía Argentina Edificio 78, Apto. 2 Phone: (507) 223-9170 E-mail: [email protected] Addie Rolnick Critical Race Studies Law Fellow, UCLA School of Law Signed on in support by: Human Rights Everywhere TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction & Summary ................................................................................................. 1 Purpose and Background of this Shadow Report ...................................................... 1 The ICERD is Binding on Panama and Applies to Panama’s Indigenous Populations .................................................................................................................... 2 Summary of Shadow Report ........................................................................................ 2 Report of Facts: The Situations in Three Indigenous Communities ............................ 3 The Ngöbe of the Changuinola River Valley .............................................................. 4 The Naso Communities of San San and San San Druy ............................................. 9 The
    [Show full text]