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Eoftalmo Diplopia and Strabismus After Refractive Surgery (LASIK): A

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Eoftalmo Diplopia and Strabismus After Refractive Surgery (LASIK): A DISCUSSED CLINICAL CASES eOftalmo Diplopia and strabismus after refractive surgery (LASIK): a case report Diplopia e estrabismo em paciente submetido à cirurgia refrativa (LASIK) utilizando a técnica de monovisão: relato de caso Diplopía y estrabismo post cirurgía refractiva (LASIK): relato de caso Silvana V. Lazary1, Fernanda T. Krieger2 1 Oftalmed, Maringá, PR. 2 Instituto Strabos, São Paulo, SP. KEYWORDS: ABSTRACT Diplopia; Strabismus; LASIK. Strabismus and diplopia are rare complications that can occur after refractive surgery. In this report, we describe the case of a male patient who underwent refractive surgery (LASIK) using the monovision technique and developed strabismus and persistent diplopia two years later even after monovision correction with new refractive surgery, requiring strabismus surgery. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: RESUMO Diplopia; Estrabismo; LASIK. O estrabismo e a diplopia são complicações raras, mas possíveis após uma cirurgia refrativa. Nesse trabalho descrevemos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino submetido à cirurgia refrativa (LASIK) usando a técnica de monovisão e que dois anos após desenvolveu estrabismo e diplopia persistente mesmo após a correção da monovisão com nova cirurgia refrativa, sendo necessária cirurgia de estrabismo. PALABRAS CLAVE: RESUMEN Diplopía; Estrabismo; LASIK. El estrabismo y la diplopía son complicaciones raras, pero posibles tras una cirugía refractiva. En este trabajo, describimos el caso de un paciente del sexo masculino sometido a la cirugía refractiva (LASIK) usando la técnica de monovisión y que dos años después desarrolló estrabismo y diplopía persistente, aún tras la corrección de la monovisión mediante una nueva cirugía refractiva, siendo necesaria la cirugía de estrabismo. INTRODUCTION tential complications with a significant negative im- Worldwide, refractive surgery is increasingly being pact on patients’ lives. Repercussions in personal and used as an alternative to eyeglassesand contact lenses. professional lives are devastating and definitely affect Complications such as ectasia, infection, and corneal the doctor–patient relationship and society’s percep- decompensation are widely known by physicians and tion of ophthalmologists in an unfavorable manner. the population.Conversely, diplopia and strabismus Diplopia may be temporary, but it is persistent resulting from refractive surgery are less known po- in most cases and requireseither another refractive Corresponding author: Silvana V. Lazary. Oftalmed - Maringa, PR. Rua Luis Gama, 278 - Maringa, PR - CEP 87014110. e-mail: [email protected] Received on: mai 27, 2019. Accepted on: jul 10, 2019. Funding: No specific financial support was available for this study. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: None of the authors have any potential conflict of interest to disclose. How to cite: Lazary S, Krieger F. Diplopia and strabismus after refractive surgery (LASIK): a case report. eOftalmo. 2019;5(3):154-7. DOI: 10.17545/eOftalmo/2019.0025 This content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. eOftalmo. 2019;5(3):154-7. 154 eOftalmo Diplopia and strabismus after refractive surgery procedure to improve the patient’s condition or sur- • Same measurements in all positions of gaze, in- gical correction of strabismus. It is important to em- cluding head tilting to the right and left. phasizethat some cases of diplopia are untreatable, • These measurements remain the same with mo- although this is rare. The duration of onset of diplo- novision correction. pia after refractive surgery may range from a few days • Fusion with objective measurement. to a few years. • Conduct: Monovision correction. • Underwent LASIK OD. OBJECTIVE New assessment approximately six months after To report a case of diplopia and strabismus of a refractive surgery: pa tient who underwent monovision refractive surgery. • No improvement in deviation and diplopia. • VA OU 1.0 without correction. • OD refraction: -0.25D × 90° 1.0. CASE DETAILS • OS: +0.75 -0.75 × 180° 1.0. A 45-year-old male patient complainedof diplo- • Far CrP measurement: ET 20 D/E4∆. pia and strabismus for three years.The patient un- • Near CrP measurement: ET’ 20∆. derwent refractive surgery for correction of myopia • Conduct: Strabismus surgery. fifteen years ago (-3.00SPH in both eyes) and surgical • 4.0mm right medial rectus retraction/4.5mm right retouching five years ago (Figures 1 and 2). lateral rectus resection. • Current eyeglasses: 9 temporal prism correction • One year after surgery. OU. • Far and near orthophoria. • Refraction: OD: -2.75D SPH 1.0. • Titmus: 50 arc seconds (Figure 3). • OS: +0.75D SPH-0.75D CYL × 120° 1.0. • ET prefers OS. • Prism cover test without eyeglasses: OD fixation= DISCUSSION ∆ OE fixation: ET 25 R/L 4 . Same results for near Several factors may cause oculomotor system fixation. imbalance after refractive surgery. These patients usually have had previous binocular vision disor- ders, and refractive surgery decompensates a pre- viously compensated condition.The main causes of decompensation are as follows: unwanted refrac- tion correction, prismatic effect owing to decentered ablation, increased accommodative demand, aniso- metropia, elimination of suppression, and change of ocular dominance1. Figure 1. Eyeglasses with prism correction. ET OD. Figure 2. No correction prior to refractive surgery. Figure 3. One year after strabismus surgery. eOftalmo. 2019;5(3):154-7. 155 Lazary SV, et al. eOftalmo In a study conducted including 28 patients who The authors of the aforementioned study propo- developed diplopia after refractive surgery, the au- sed the following classification system: thors reported the presence of these factors and em- • Low risk: Presence of myopia (<4.00D SPH ani- phasized the importance of examining these patients sometropia), no history of strabismus or diplo- systematically before the surgical procedure to look pia, no history of prism correction lens use, no for signs of ocular motricity disorders, such as eye- he terophoria upon cover test, and difference glasses with prism correction, which are quite often between used refraction and cycloplegic refrac- unknown to surgeons and patients2. tion of ≤0.50D SPH. Development of diplopia after refractive surgery is • Medium risk: Presence of hyperopia, monovision rare (some studies estimate it to be 0.12%), and this planning, and hypercorrected myopia. is often not previously discussed with the patient3. • High risk: History of strabismus, presence of hy- More importantly, ocular motricity examination is peropia with low fusional capacity, and hypo- or frequently overlooked or neglected by the refractive hypercorrected hyperopia. surgeon. Thus, there may be legal consequences of not making everything clear to the patient and not Some preventive measures to prevent this com- performing examinations that could contraindicate plication are as follows: adjusting the correction be- or show an increased risk for complications. fore surgery, not letting the dominant eye be at a In the present case, the patient had no history functional disadvantage, avoiding myopia hypercor- of strabismus, and his binocular vision after surgical rection and hyperopia undercorrection, evaluating monovision and strabismus correction was normal. fusional capacity in certain patients, and testing These data suggest that a prolonged period of mono- monovision with contact lenses in patients at risk. vision of this magnitude was the cause of oculomotor This monovision test does not guarantee that oculo- imbalance. The degree of induced anisometropia is motor system imbalance will not occur. As reported directly related to the harmful effects on binocular here and in studies by other authors, the onset of 5 vision.A study found that patients with a difference diplopia in these patients may take years . Another of <1.50D between both eyes presented a 100-arc-se- hypothesis to be considered in our case is that the cond stereopsis, whereas patients with a difference of patient had a compensated low fusional amplitude ≥1.50D showed 150-arc-second stereopsis4. prior to monovision, which was associated with ani- The onset of strabismus in this patient was noted sometropia of such magnitude for an extended pe- two years after the initiation of monovision. In the riod and was responsible for the oculomotor system literature, this period ranges from three months to disorder. two years, and some patients have recovered fusion To avoid binocular vision imbalance, another by simply eliminating monovision in a new refrac- study suggests not changing the natural dominance tive surgery, whereas others had to undergo surgical and when operating on each eye at a different time, 6 correction of strabismus to restore binocularity. One always operating on the dominant eye first . patient was unable to recover fusion even with the Although it is not possible to eliminate the pos- ocular alignment obtained via strabismus surgery5. sibility of occurrence of diplopia after refractive sur- Because the condition persisted for six months gery, it is of paramount importance to consider the after the resolution of monovision, surgical correc- occurrence of this complication, to carefully examine tion was chosen. Some authors recommend this pro- patients for ocular motricity conditions, and to talk cedure four months after monovision correctionif to them and provide advice to each patient appro- strabismus does not improve5. priately. Thus, the potentially devastating impact on Considering
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