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S P a N I E N S p a n i e n West - G o t e n Die Besiedlung Iberiens ist seit der Altsteinzeit nachgewiesen. Iberer wanderten vermutlich in der Mittelsteinzeit ein. 1100 v. Chr. legten Phönizier, 800 v. Chr. Griechen Handelszentren an. Seit 600 v. Chr. drangen unter heftigen Kämpfen die Kelten ein u. mischten sich mit den dort ansässigen Iberern. Die Römer richteten 27 v. Chr. im Süden des Landes die Provinz Hispania u. im Westen die Provinz Lusitania ein. Die um 400 n. Chr. eingewanderten Wandalen wichen den nachfolgenden Westgoten aus, welche nachfolgend auch die Römer vertrieben. Das Territorium der Westgoten befand sich seit 376 n. Chr. im römischen Reichsgebiet als römisch- germanischer Mischstaat. Das Reich in Südrussland (Dnestr) wurde mit dem Ansturm der Hunnen zerstört. Ein Aufstand der Westgoten wurde 382 noch unterdrückt, aber 395 unter König Alarich erneuert. 401 begann der Zug nach Italien. 410 wurde Rom erobert. 418 kam es in Südgallien zur Staatenbildung mit der Hauptstadt Toulouse. Die ausdehnende Besiedlung unter König Eurich (466- 484) u. die Niederlage gegen die Franken 507 bei Vouillè, brachte die Verlagerung auf die Iberische Halbinsel mit der Hauptstadt Toledo. Mit König Rekkkared I. setzte 586 die Christianisierung ein. König Witiza wurde 710 gestürzt u. dessen Söhne riefen die Araber zu Hilfe. Es etablierte sich die Omajjaden-Herrschaft (756-1031). 1492 gelang die Rückeroberung mit dem Territorium Granadas. Die im Süden noch verbliebenen Mauren wurden 502 vertrieben. Um 711 wiederum begann unter den Schlägen der Mauren der Zerfall des Westgoten-Reiches. Hauptstadt der Araber wurde bis 1717 Sevilla, danach Cordoba. Geeintes Königreich seit 1516. Republik seit 1931. Seit 1975 erneut Königreich. El Escorial ↔ Kloster, Residenz u. Ruhestätte der meisten spanischen Könige Titulaturen: Duques (Herzöge), Marqueses (Markgrafen) u. Condes (Grafen) König Giuki, * um 90 n. Chr. Giuki König der Goten * 90 n. Chr. Sohn: † um 140 Guntharich I., * um 115, Nachfolger als König der Goten, † um 175 † um 140 König Guntharich I., * um 115. S. u. N. von König Giuki d. Goten. Guntharich I. Oberkönig d. West- u. Ostgoten um 140 * um 115 Sohn: † um 175 Filimer, * um 145, Nachfolger als König der Goten, † um 195 † um 175 Fürst Filimer, * um 145. S. u. N. von König Guntharich I. d. West- u. Ostgoten. Filimer Fürst d. gotischen Balthen. König d. Westgoten. * um 145 Sohn: † um 195 Knivida, * um 180, Nachfolger d. Westgoten, † um 1 † um 195 Fürst Knivida, * um 180. S. u. N. von Fürst Filimer d. Westgoten. Knivida Fürst d. Westgoten. * um 180 Kinder: Argaith, * um 215, Nachfolger d. Westgoten, † um 248 Ovida, * um 220, Kg. d. Burgunder, † um 270 Fürst Argaith, * um 215. S. u. N. von Fürst Knivida d. Westgoten. Argaith Fürst d. Vandalen. Fürst d. Westgoten. * um 215 Sohn: † um 248 Ararich, * 255, Nachfolger d. Westgoten, † 315 † um 248 Fürst Ararich, * um 255. Sohn von Fürst Argaith d. Westgoten. Ararich Fürst d. Westgoten * um 255 Sein Sohn: † 315 Aorich, * um 300, Nachfolger d. Westgoten, † 332 † 315, gef. Fürst Aorich, * um 300. Sohn von Fürst Ararich d. Westgoten. Aorich Fürst d. Westgoten * um 300 Sohn: † nach 332 Alaviv, * um 350, Nachfolger d. Westgoten, † † nach 332 Fürst Alaviv, * um 350. Sohn von Fürst Aorich d. Westgoten. Alaviv Fürst d. Westgoten * um 350 Kinder: † 376 Athalindis. Ehe 409 mit Gundahar v. Burgund. Sohn: Gundioc Athaulf, * um 380, † Aug. 415 ?, * um 382. Ehe mit Kg. Alarich I. Wallia, * um 385, † 419 † 376 Fürst Rothestes, * um 290 Rothestes Fürst d. Westgoten * um 290 Sein Sohn: Athanarich, * um 320, † 21. 1. 381 Fürst Athanarich, * um 320. Sohn von Fürst Rothestes d. Westgoten. Athanarich Heidnischer Fürst der Terwingen (Westgoten) in Dakien. Kämpfte (367-369) gegen Ks. um 365 - 395 Valens des Römischen Ostreiches. Verteidigungsmaßnahmen gegen die Hunnen. Seit 372 * um 320 systematische Christenverfolgung. In der Schlacht bei Adrianopel 378 wurden die Römer † 21. 1. 381 vernichtend geschlagen, der Kaiser fiel. 380 wurde Athanarich vertrieben. † am 21. Jan. 381 in Konstantinopel König Alarich I., * um 376. Sohn von Fürst Athanarich d. Balthen (Westgoten) Alarich I. Heeresmeister im Dienste Ostroms unter Kaiser Theodosius. 395 - 410 1. König der Westgoten * um 376 394 Führer germanischen Armee in römischen Diensten. Kämpfte unter Ks. Theodosius I. † 410 gegen Eugenius. Nach dem Machtwechsel 395 wurde Alarich mit keiner Führungsstelle betraut. Seine Truppen riefen Alarich zum König aus. Er führte die Westgoten 401 von Thrakien nach Italien u. wurde vom Weströmischen General Stilicho 402 vor Polenzia (heutiges Dorf Polenzo) zurückgeschlagen. In der Folgezeit plünderten sie das Land von Konstantinopel bis zum südlichen Peloponnes. Der Kaiser hatte die Hauptstadt schon nach Ravenna verlegt u. verweigerte sich Friedenvorschlägen. Auf Empfehlung Alarichs wurde 409 Priscus Attalus als Gegenkaiser im Weströmischen Reich gewählt, aber von ihm wegen Unfähigkeit auch wieder entsetzt. Nach einer dritten Belagerung erfolgte die Eroberung Roms am 24. Aug. 410 u. endete mit der Plünderung u. Brandschatzung der Stadt. Während seiner Vorbereitungen zur Übersetzung nach Afrika, befiel ihn ein Fieber, an dem er kurze Zeit später starb (ohne Erben) Ehe mit einer Tochter des Fürsten Aorich d. Westgoten, * um 382 † 410, best. bei Cosenza im Flusslauf des Busento. König Athaulf, * um 380. Sohn von Alaviv, * um 350. Schwager u. Nachfolger von König Athaulf Alarich I. der Westgoten. 410 - 415 König d. Westgoten. Athaulf räumte Italien, zog über die Alpen nach Gallien u. führte * um 380 Unterhandlungen mit Ks. Honorius. Als Faustpfand diente die während der Plünderung † Aug. 415 Roms verschleppte Schwester von Kaisers Honorius, Galla Placidia. 1. Ehe um 405 mit der Schwester von König Alarich I. Kinder dieser Ehe wurden von seinem Nachfolger Sigerich ermordet. 2. Ehe im Jan. 414 mit Przn. Aelia Galla Placidia, Tochter von Kaiser Theodosius u. Schwester von Kaiser Honorius (von Alarich I. lt. Vertrag nicht ausgeliefert). Sohn: Theodosius, * im Nov. 414 in Barcelona, † im Dez. 414 † im Aug. 415 in Barcelona, erm. (von einem Gefolgsmann des Oppositionsführers Sarus, den er im Kampf getötet hatte) König Sigerich. Bruder von Sarus. Nachfolger von König Athaulf d. Westgoten. Sigerich König d. Westgoten durch Unterstützung von einflussreichen Adligen. Da Kg. Athaulf 415 Sigerichs Bruder hatte hinrichten lasse, rächte er sich mit dem Mord an den Söhnen des † 415 Vorgängers. Galla Placidia behandelte er als Sklavin. † 415, erm. (nach sieben Tagen Regierungszeit von Anhängern Wallias ermordet) König Wallia, * um 385. Erwählter Nachfolger von König Sigerich u. Bruder von König Athaulf Wallia der Westgoten. 415 - 418 König d. Westgoten. Er schloss einen Vertrag mit Kaiser Honorius zur Auslieferung der * um 385 entführten Gallia Placida (sie heiratete den Thronfolger u. Mitregenten Constantius III.). † 418 419 wurde mit Kaiser Honorius u. der Übersiedlung der Goten von Spanien nach Gallien der Frieden vereinbart. Kinder: Theoderid, Nachfolger (418-451) Tochter Ehe mit ? Sohn: Ricimer v. Schwaben. Diktator (457-472) † 418 in Tolosa (Toulouse) König Theoderich I. (Theoderid). S. u. N. von König Wallia d. Westgoten. Schwiegersohn von Theoderich I. König Alarich I. 418 - 451 König d. Westgoten. Seine auf Expansion ausgerichtete Politik, die infolge der Schwäche † 451 des Weströmischen Reichs erfolgreich war, führte zur Gründung des Westgotenreichs. 437 wurde er von den Römern geschlagen, erreichte aber die Anerkennung der Herrschaft durch Ks. Valentinian III. u. war 451 in der Schlacht mit dem römischen Heer unter Aetius gegen Attila auf den Katalaunischen Feldern gefallen. Ehe mit einer Tochter von Kg. Alarich d. Westgoten. Kinder: 6 Söhne u. 2 Töchter: Thorismund, Nachfolger, † 453, von seinen Brüdern Friedrich u. Theoderich erm. Theoderich II., Nachfolger seines Bruders Thorismund, † 466 erm. Eurich, Mörder u. Nachfolger seines Bruders Theoderich II. Frederich, tötet 452 seinen ältesten Bruder Thorismund, † 462 erm. Ricimer Himnerith Theodora. Ehe 448 mit König Rechiar v. Schwaben, † 456 (von König Theoderich hingerichtet). Sohn: Ricimer, † am 18. Aug. 472 Tochter. Ehe 429 mit König Hunerich, Sohn von Kg. Geiserich der Vandalen (sie wird ihrem Vater mit abgeschnittener Nase u. Ohren zurück geschickt). † 451, gefallen König Thorismund. Ältester S. u. N. von König Theoderich I. der Westgoten Thorismund König d. Westgoten. Kämpfte 451 mit seinem Vater gegen König Attila u. griff Attila 451 - 453 nach dessen Niederlage erneut an, um seinen Vater zu rächen. † 453 † 453, erm. von seinen Brüdern Frederich u. Theoderich. König Theoderich II. Sohn von König Theoderich I. d. Westgoten. Jüngerer Bruder u. Theoderich II. Nachfolger von König Thorismund der Westgoten. 453 - 466 König d. Westgoten verbündet mit dem Weströmischen Reich im heutigen Aquitanien. † 466 Zusammen mit seinem Bruder Frederich Mörder von Thorismund. Er führte Kriege u. nötigte die Schwaben zur Anerkennung seiner Oberherrschaft, nachdem er den Gatten seiner Schwester Theodora, König Rechiar, 456 überwunden u. 457 erschlagen hatte. Er nahm erheblichen Einfluss auf die Nachfolge der Römischen Kaiser u. konnte seinen Herrschaftsbereich auf Kosten von Territorien des weströmischen Imperiums ausdehnen. Die Westgoten rückten 464 zur stärksten Macht in Spanien auf. Er selbst wurde von seinem Bruder Eurich 466 durch List aus dem Weg geräumt. † 466, erm. in Tolosa durch Kg. Eurich Diktator Ricimer. Sohn von Kg. Rechiar d. Sueben in Galizien. Urenkel von König Alarich I. u. Ricimer Enkel von König Wallia
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