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Interview with Augustine Mahiga, the Secretary-General's Special Interview with Augustine Mahiga, the Secretary-General’s Special Repres... http://www.un.org/apps/news/newsmakers.asp?NewsID=41 Home Press Room Multimedia Tools & Services Resources News Focus What, When at UN More newsmakers » Newsmakers: UN Special Envoy for Somalia, Augustine Mahiga Your feedback | Share 95 Interview with Augustine Mahiga, the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Somalia 20 September 2011 – The head of the UN Political Office for Somalia and the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for that country, Augustine Mahiga, recently attended the Consultative Meeting on Ending the Transition, a UN-backed meeting held in Mogadishu, which endorsed a Roadmap spelling out priorities to be implemented before the current governing arrangements end in August next year. The UN News Centre spoke with Mr. Mahiga ahead of a ministerial-level mini-summit taking place on the sidelines of the General Assembly in New York this Friday. UN News Centre: In June, you had said that you postponed a meeting of the International Contact Group on Somalia (a group made up of representatives of UN Member States to support peace efforts) several times while waiting for positive political developments, but they had not been forthcoming. What has changed in the Special Representative for the past two months or so, and what’s caused that change? Secretary-General for Somalia Augustine Mahiga Augustine Mahiga: There’s been a sea-change. Actually, in June we were able to resolve a raging conflict that had paralyzed politics in Mogadishu for six months, by signing the Kampala Accord between the President and the Speaker. And that really opened the door for political dialogue and cooperation. The accord had two major aspects. One was to form a new government because the previous one had not succeeded in addressing the political impasse. And the second one was to initiate a process of adopting a Roadmap that would define a new direction for a political agenda which is to be completed in the coming twelve months. UN News Centre: You described the withdrawal of Al-Shabaab from Mogadishu as an “extraordinary moment” in Somalia’s history. Can you expand If you look at the whole history on that? and picture of conflicts in Africa, frankly, in my own experience, I've Augustine Mahiga: It’s very significant indeed because the Al-Shabaab was never seen anything like it. If almost in control of Mogadishu two years ago and for the first time the anything, it is even more Transitional Federal Government (TFG) is in control of Mogadishu, 96 per cent of Mogadishu – something that has never happened before in the past 20 challenging. years. Mogadishu was either in the hands of warlords or the insurgents, the Al-Shabaab. This is significant, but more significant is that it has been a combined effort of the transitional federal forces and the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – which is deployed by the African Union with the support from the international community and the United Nations – and it came at a time when there are positive developments on the political side which we never witnessed for a long time. Of course, ironically, it comes at a time where there is also a humanitarian crisis – but we see the consequences on the political dynamics and also on the effectiveness of the Shabaab – because, literally, people are voting with their feet, walking away from the Shabaab-controlled area and thus exposing the weakness and inefficiency of the insurgency’s rule or control. UN News Centre: Some have said that the TFG is a government on paper, prone to bickering and “offset by the odd spasm of courage.” Do you think it is a fair assessment of the TFG, especially in light of this recent progress? Augustine Mahiga addresses the Augustine Mahiga: You have to look at the Transitional Federal Government in a large Security Council's latest meeting on picture and look at it as a procedure – it is starting from scratch, from nothing. Seven Somalia. (September 2011) years ago it started with a conference that went on for a two-and-a-half years and ended up with the transitional charter and some rudimentary institutions. Indeed, there have been bickering and in-fights and several attempts to form a government – but see it is a progression, because as that problem was going on we had the Djibouti Agreement that brought together two very radically different factions to form the current transitional federal authority. There was an impasse for six months at the beginning of this year, when we thought it was just going to be another anarchy or a really big crisis where you’re going to have two governments. But we were able to resolve that difference and since the Kampala accord of 9 June the progress has been beyond imagination. Not only are they talking, but they are ready to end the transition in a manner that is put on paper and inclusive in that 1 of 4 23/09/2011 3:10 PM Interview with Augustine Mahiga, the Secretary-General’s Special Repres... http://www.un.org/apps/news/newsmakers.asp?NewsID=41 it’s not only the two institutions – the executive and the legislature – but the signatories to the Road Map, also the regional organizations and emerging administrations. That alone is a major step forward. UN News Centre: The Secretary-General has called on the international community to provide greater support and resources for the Somali authorities, especially following the recent progress made on the ground. What kind of response has there been so far? Augustine Mahiga: When I presented the [Secretary- Augustine Mahiga briefs the Security General’s latest] report to the Security Council last Council via video link from Mogadishu week, I was extremely encouraged by the on Somalia’s peace process. (August reaffirmation from all the 15 members of the Council 2011) for their political support, and retaining Somalia high on the agenda of the Council. There was also tremendous encouragement: they think the peace process is back on track and we need to go forward. I had very encouraging words from each and every member of the Council and they pledged their support to continue that. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon But they also looked at the larger picture, that as this political process is moving meets with Augustine Mahiga in forward in a positive way, there are also maybe even more positive developments in the Nairobi, Kenya, along with Deputy security sector. Not only in Mogadishu, but also in the other parts of the west and the Secretary-General Asha-Rose Migiro. south, where the forces allied to the TFG have made significant territorial gains against (March 2011) the Al-Shabaab. We shouldn’t also forget that there are some areas in Somalia, especially in central Somalia, where Puntland and Galmadug are regional states where there is relative stability and some fairly reasonable representative institutions going on. This is Somalia, where you have on one hand, really, warfare going on, led by a international terrorist organization, but there are other areas where there is relative stability and basic movement towards representative governance. And of course there is Somaliland, which 20 years ago became a de facto, separate state; although legally it hasn’t been recognized in the region or internationally. But they’ve had successful elections – democratic elections, for that matter – and the transitions have been very encouraging. They’ve embarked on a road of development and social change which is an example and a role model for the rest of Somali and, indeed, for the rest of Africa. UN News Centre: Where do Al-Shabaab fit in the bigger picture? Especially in light of concerns that its members may resort to suicide bombs or snipers in Mogadishu Flanked by Augustine Mahiga (right), following their withdrawal from there? the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Augustine Mahiga: That is definitely the worst-case scenario that we are bracing for. Abdiweli Mohamed Ali (centre), The kind of warfare that was going on in the streets of Mogadishu was conventional addresses correspondents following a warfare, of course interspaced by typical guerrilla and urban warfare. Security Council meeting. (September 2011) But now that the conventional part of it has been receding into the background, we believe, and already there are signs, that they’ll be resorting to bombs, improvised explosive devices. There have been many examples since their withdrawal on 6 August, many cases of such. And some of the Shabaab elements have melted into the civilian population, they’ve been carrying out rear-guard actions. But the bulk of the fighters have gone into rural Mogadishu and rural Somalia and they’re still re-grouping. And that is where there is a need for maintaining the security momentum that the Security Council addressed; the quick deployment of the remaining 3,000 troops needs to be addressed expeditiously. UN News Centre: Along with the Security Council, you’ve been calling for armed individuals and groups to renounce violence and join the peace process. Have you had much of a response to that call? Augustine Mahiga: Well, there are signals that need to be pursued. I think the An AMISOM peacekeeper cleans a Transitional Federal Government leadership has indicated that they’ve been getting rocket launcher in a new position in these kids of signals; I think there are also third party intermediaries who have also Mogadishu, established after the been getting such signals. sudden departure from the city of the extremist group Al-Shabaab in early As you know, the Al-Shabaab are not a monolithic organization.
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