Dactinomycin for Injection) (Actinomycin D
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PPE Requirements Hazardous Drug Handling
This document’s purpose is only to provide general guidance. It is not a definitive interpretation for how to comply with DOSH requirements. Consult the actual NIOSH hazardous drugs list and program regulations in entirety to understand all specific compliance requirements. Minimum PPE Required Minimum PPE Required Universal (Green) - handling and disposed of using normal precautions. PPE Requirements High (Red) - double gloves, gown, eye and face protection in Low (Yellow) - handle at all times with gloves and appropriate engineering Hazardous Drug Handling addition to any necessary controls. engineering controls. Moderate (Orange) -handle at all times with gloves, gown, eye and face protection (with splash potential) and appropirate engineering controls. Tablet Open Capsule Handling only - Contained Crush/Split No alteration Crush/Split Dispensed/Common Drug Name Other Drug Name Additional Information (Formulation) and (NIOSH CATEGORY #) Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Required required required required abacavir (susp) (2) ziagen/epzicom/trizivir Low abacavir (tablet) (2) ziagen/epzicom/trizivir Universal Low Moderate acitretin (capsule) (3) soriatane Universal Moderate anastrazole (tablet) (1) arimidex Low Moderate High android (capsule) (3) methyltestosterone Universal Moderate apomorphine (inj sq) (2) apomorphine Moderate arthotec/cytotec (tablet) (3) diclofenac/misoprostol Universal Low Moderate astagraf XL (capsule) (2) tacrolimus Universal do not open avordart (capsule) (3) dutasteride Universal Moderate azathioprine -
Handling of Hazardous Drugs Risk Prevention by Personal Protective Equipment Handling of Hazardous Drugs
HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS DRUGS RISK PREVENTION BY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS DRUGS INTRODUCTION CONTENT The expression “antineoplastic drug” (ANPD) is often used synonymously together with “cytostatics” or Introduction 2 “chemotherapeutics”, however, these terms normally Definition of Risks 4 describe an overarching category to which other drug- classes belong. These types of drugs belong to drug- Causes for Risks 10 specialties summarized under the term “Hazardous Consequences 14 Drugs”, according to the CDC’s (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) NIOSH4 alert in 2004. The Preventive Strategies 16 term ANPD describes in general the activity of these Risk Prevention 26 drugs against a neoplasm, characterizing an abnormal growth of tissue. In a recent systematic review and Literature 28 meta-analysis of the literature5 the expression “ANPD” Mandatory Information 31 is used in a general manner, therefore it is applied in this review, too. INTRODUCTION Antineoplastic drugs (ANPD) have been introduced ANPDs represent a broad and non-homogenous group for cancer treatment since the 1940s. More than of chemicals with a variety of structures, origins, ac- 12 million patients are treated with ANPDs each tivities and effects at the cellular level. They are cate- year. Nowadays the number of cancer diagnoses gorized according to their specific potential of toxicity is continuously increasing. or to their mechanisms of action, described in more detail in the chapter “Definition of risks”. Currently, the This brochure addresses the hazardous effects of anti- list encompassing ANPDs used in daily clinical practice neoplastic drugs, the importance of risk assessment contains more than 115 special drugs1. and standard precautions of personal protection as recommended by the 2004-NIOSH (National Institute During the 1970’s first concerns with respect to toxic for Occupational Safety and Health)-Alert and corre- side effects were raised further to cases that had been 1, 2, 3 sponding updates in 2010 / 2012 and 2016. -
Characterization and Separation of Platinum-Based Antineoplastic
separations Article Characterization and Separation of Platinum-Based Antineoplastic Drugs by Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC)–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Its Application in Surface Wipe Sampling Stefano Dugheri 1,* , Nicola Mucci 2 , Enrico Mini 3, Donato Squillaci 2 , Giorgio Marrubini 4 , Gianluca Bartolucci 5 , Elisabetta Bucaletti 2, Giovanni Cappelli 2, Lucia Trevisani 2 and Giulio Arcangeli 2 1 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Occupational Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; nicola.mucci@unifi.it (N.M.); donato.squillaci@unifi.it (D.S.); elisabetta.bucaletti@unifi.it (E.B.); giovanni.cappelli@unifi.it (G.C.); lucia.trevisani@unifi.it (L.T.); giulio.arcangeli@unifi.it (G.A.) 3 Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; enrico.mini@unifi.it 4 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; gianluca.bartolucci@unifi.it Citation: Dugheri, S.; Mucci, N.; * Correspondence: stefano.dugheri@unifi.it Mini, E.; Squillaci, D.; Marrubini, G.; Bartolucci, G.; Bucaletti, E.; Cappelli, Abstract: Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (PtADs) are among the most important and used G.; Trevisani, L.; Arcangeli, G. families of chemotherapy drugs, which, -
ASHP Guidelines on Handling Hazardous Drugs
132 Drug Distribution and Control: Preparation and Handling–Guidelines ASHP Guidelines on Handling Hazardous Drugs ASHP published its first guidance on hazardous drugs (HDs) Because newer studies have shown that contamination in 1983 as part of the 1983–84 ASHP Practice Spotlight: Safe is widespread in healthcare settings and that more workers Handling of Cytotoxic Drugs.1,2 This was followed by tech- than previously thought are exposed, these guidelines should nical assistance bulletins in 1985 and 1990 and the ASHP be implemented wherever HDs are received, stored, pre- Guidelines on Handling Hazardous Drugs in 2006.3-5 The pared, transported, administered, or disposed.8-11 2006 guidelines were created to harmonize with the National Comprehensive reviews of the literature covering an- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Alert: ecdotal and case reports of surface contamination, worker ex- 6,9,12 Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and posure, and risk assessment are available from NIOSH, Other Hazardous Drugs in Health Care Settings issued in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration 13,14 15-20 2004.6 The ASHP 2006 HD guidelines were current to 2005. (OSHA), and individual authors. The primary goal In 2007, the United States Pharmacopeial Convention of this document is to provide recommendations for the safe revised United States Pharmacopeia (USP) chapter 797 handling of HDs. These guidelines represent the research (Pharmaceutical Compounding—Sterile Preparations)7 to and recommendations of many groups and individuals who harmonize with the NIOSH 2004 Alert. It became effective have worked tirelessly over decades to reduce the potential May 1, 2008, establishing many of the NIOSH recommenda harmful effects of HDs on healthcare workers. -
Anticancer Drug Discovery from Microbial Sources: the Unique Mangrove Streptomycetes
molecules Review Anticancer Drug Discovery from Microbial Sources: The Unique Mangrove Streptomycetes Jodi Woan-Fei Law 1, Lydia Ngiik-Shiew Law 2, Vengadesh Letchumanan 1 , Loh Teng-Hern Tan 1, Sunny Hei Wong 3, Kok-Gan Chan 4,5,* , Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib 6,* and Learn-Han Lee 1,* 1 Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; [email protected] (J.W.-F.L.); [email protected] (V.L.); [email protected] (L.T.-H.T.) 2 Monash Credentialed Pharmacy Clinical Educator, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; [email protected] 3 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; [email protected] 4 Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 5 International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 6 UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.-G.C.); [email protected] (N.-S.A.M.); [email protected] (L.-H.L.) Academic Editor: Owen M. McDougal Received: 8 October 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Worldwide cancer incidence and mortality have always been a concern to the community. The cancer mortality rate has generally declined over the years; however, there is still an increased mortality rate in poorer countries that receives considerable attention from healthcare professionals. -
Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy: General Principles (Oncology) – CE
Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy: General Principles (Oncology) – CE ALERT Don appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the patient’s signs and symptoms and indications for isolation precautions. Refer to Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) interim guidelines for PPE recommendations during an emergent shortage of PPE (e.g., pandemic).13 Hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, may occur with targeted therapy and immunotherapy; therefore, frequent assessments and monitoring are required. Only qualified physicians, physician assistants, advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), or nurses with demonstrated competency administer antineoplastic therapies. Refer to the professional’s regulatory scope of practice and the organization’s practice. Take steps to eliminate interruptions and distractions during medication preparation. OVERVIEW Normal cell reproduction, growth, and apoptosis are controlled by complex signaling pathways at the extracellular and intracellular levels. Malfunctioning of these pathways occurs in malignancies, leading to increased proliferation, tissue invasion, metastases, and apoptosis inhibition.18 Development of targeted therapies overcame the lack of selectivity associated with conventional antineoplastic therapy by targeting specific protein pathways.5 Although these pathways can be present in normal tissue, they are overexpressed or mutated in cancerous tissue.1 Cancer immunotherapy represents precision medicine, which helps the immune system fight cancer and offers a type of targeted or personalized therapy.4,11 In comparison, traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy attacks both malignant and nonmalignant cells, causing disruption of the cell cycle and other cell functions. Targeted therapy may not be more or less effective than traditional antineoplastic therapies, but it offers a unique approach to the treatment of cancer and other diseases and has toxicities different from those of traditional antineoplastic therapy. -
Cytostatics As Hazardous Chemicals in Healthcare
REVIEW PAPER International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2019;32(2):141 – 159 https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01248 CYTOSTATICS AS HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS’ ENVIRONMENT ANNA PAŁASZEWSKA-TKACZ, SŁAWOMIR CZERCZAK, KATARZYNA KONIECZKO, and MAŁGORZATA KUPCZEWSKA-DOBECKA Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland Department of Chemical Safety Abstract Cytostatics not only induce significant side-effects in patients treated oncologically but also pose a threat to the health of occupationally exposed healthcare workers: pharmacists, physicians, nurses and other personnel. Since the 1970s numerous reports from various countries have documented the contamination of working areas with cytostatics and the presence of drugs/metabolites in the urine or blood of healthcare employees, which di- rectly indicates the occurrence of occupational exposure to these drugs. In Poland the significant scale of occupational exposure to cytostatics is also confirmed by the data collected in the central register of occupational carcinogens/mutagens kept by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. The assessment of occupational exposure to cytostatics and health risks constitutes employers’ obligation. Unfortunately, the assessment of occu- pational risk resulting from exposure to cytostatics raises a number of concerns. Provisions governing the problem of workers’ health protection are not unequivocal because they derive from a variety of law areas, especially in a matter of hazard classification and safety data sheets for cytostatics. Moreover, no legally binding occupational exposure limits have been set for cytostatics or their active compounds, and analytical methods for these substances airborne and biological concentrations are lacking. Consequently, the correct assessment of occupational exposure to cytostatics, the eval- uation of health hazards and the development of the proper preventive strategy appear difficult. -
BC Cancer Benefit Drug List September 2021
Page 1 of 65 BC Cancer Benefit Drug List September 2021 DEFINITIONS Class I Reimbursed for active cancer or approved treatment or approved indication only. Reimbursed for approved indications only. Completion of the BC Cancer Compassionate Access Program Application (formerly Undesignated Indication Form) is necessary to Restricted Funding (R) provide the appropriate clinical information for each patient. NOTES 1. BC Cancer will reimburse, to the Communities Oncology Network hospital pharmacy, the actual acquisition cost of a Benefit Drug, up to the maximum price as determined by BC Cancer, based on the current brand and contract price. Please contact the OSCAR Hotline at 1-888-355-0355 if more information is required. 2. Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) code only applicable to Class I drugs where indicated. 3. Intrahepatic use of chemotherapy drugs is not reimbursable unless specified. 4. For queries regarding other indications not specified, please contact the BC Cancer Compassionate Access Program Office at 604.877.6000 x 6277 or [email protected] DOSAGE TUMOUR PROTOCOL DRUG APPROVED INDICATIONS CLASS NOTES FORM SITE CODES Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer using abiraterone tablet Genitourinary UGUMCSPABI* R Abiraterone and Prednisone Palliative Therapy for Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer abiraterone tablet Genitourinary UGUPABI R Using Abiraterone and prednisone acitretin capsule Lymphoma reversal of early dysplastic and neoplastic stem changes LYNOS I first-line treatment of epidermal -
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL X16069 Phase I/II Study of Bendamustine and IXAZOMIB (MLN9708) Plus Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL X16069 Phase I/II Study of Bendamustine and IXAZOMIB (MLN9708) Plus Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Indication: Relapsed/Refractory multiple myeloma Phase: Phase I/II Protocol History Original 10/10/2014 Amendment 1 10/02/2015 Amendment 2 03/21/2016 Amendment 3 06/01/2016 Amendment 4 10/06/2016 Amendment 5 02/14/2017 Amendment 6 08-28-2017 Confidentiality Statement: This protocol may not be used, published or otherwise disclosed without the written consent of the Medical College of Wisconsin Investigator and Study Center: Parameswaran Hari, MD, MRCP, MS Professor Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.805.4600 Email address: [email protected] Co-Investigator: Binod Dhakal, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.805.4600 Sub-I: Ehab Atallah, MD Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.805.4600 Sub-I: Timothy Fenske, MD Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.805.4600 Sub-I: Laura Michaelis, MD Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.805.4600 2 Sub-I: Karen-Sue Carlson, MD Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin 9200 W. -
Persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Is Potentially Fatal, but the Majority of Patients Are Cured with Chemotherapy
British Journal of Cancer (2000) 82(9), 1547–1552 © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign DOI: 10.1054/ bjoc.2000.1176, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Persistent gestational trophoblastic disease: results of MEA (methotrexate, etoposide and dactinomycin) as first-line chemotherapy in high risk disease and EA (etoposide and dactinomycin) as second-line therapy for low risk disease LS Dobson, PC Lorigan, RE Coleman and BW Hancock Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK Summary Persistent gestational trophoblastic disease is potentially fatal, but the majority of patients are cured with chemotherapy. Any developments in treatment are therefore being directed towards maintaining efficacy and reducing toxicity. We evaluated efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate, etoposide and dactinomycin (MEA) as first-line therapy for high risk disease and etoposide and dactinomycin (EA) as second-line therapy for methotrexate-refractory low risk disease in a retrospective analysis of 73 patients (38 MEA, 35 EA) treated since 1986 at a supra-regional centre. The median follow-up period was 5.5 years and the median number of cycles received was 7. The overall complete response rate was 85% (97% for EA, 75% for MEA). Of eight patients who failed to respond, four have since died and four were cured with platinum-based chemotherapy. Alopecia was universal. Grade II or worse nausea, emesis, or stomatitis was observed in 29%, 30% and 37% respectively. Fifty-one per cent experienced grade II/III anaemia, 8% grade II or higher thrombocytopenia and 64% grade III or IV neutropenia; in six cases this was complicated by sepsis. -
Dactinomycin
Dactinomycin DRUG NAME: Dactinomycin 1 SYNONYM(S) : actinomycin D, actinomycin C1 COMMON TRADE NAME(S): COSMEGEN® CLASSIFICATION: antitumour antibiotic Special pediatric considerations are noted when applicable, otherwise adult provisions apply. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Dactinomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic derived from Streptomyces parvullus.2 Stable complexes are formed with DNA through intercalation and DNA-dependent RNA synthesis is selectively inhibited.1-3 Protein and DNA synthesis are inhibited to a lesser extent.3 Dactinomycin is cell cycle phase-nonspecific1. Dactinomycin is an immunosuppressive agent.3 PHARMACOKINETICS: Oral Absorption poor3 Distribution rapid; high concentrations in bone marrow and nucleated cells3; extensively bound to body tissues cross blood brain barrier? <10% volume of distribution no information found plasma protein binding not highly protein bound Metabolism minimal active metabolite(s) none inactive metabolite(s)3 small amounts of monolactones have been recovered in urine Excretion rapidly cleared from plasma (85% within 2 min) urine 12-20% of dose recovered within 24 h, 15% of dose recovered unchanged after 1 week feces 50-90% of dose excreted in bile within 24 h, 15% of dose recovered after 1 week terminal half life 36 hours, possibly prolonged with hepatic dysfunction clearance no information found Adapted from standard reference2 unless specified otherwise. USES: Primary uses: Other uses: *Gestational trophoblastic tumour *Ewing’s sarcoma *Rhabdomyosarcoma Ovarian germ cell tumour3 *Wilms’ tumour Kaposi’s sarcoma4 5 Malignant melanoma 3,6 Testicular cancer *Health Canada approved indication BC Cancer Drug Manual© All rights reserved. Page 1 of 8 Dactinomycin This document may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of BC Cancer Provincial Pharmacy. -
Dactinomycin for INJECTION, USP
Dactinomycin FOR INJECTION, USP 10 DIGIT NDC STRENGTH SIZE WHOLESALE NUMBERS WEB LISTING 39822-2100-2 ABC 10229241 500 mcg 1 Cardinal 5557707 11 DIGIT NDC (0.5 mg) per vial vial McKesson 3975687 39822-2100-02 Morris Dickson 772301 OTHER INFORMATION PRESERVATIVE FREE LATEX FREE STOPPER CONTROLLED ROOM TEMPERATURE STORAGE - - - BARCODED FOR PATIENT SAFETY Dactinomycin FOR INJECTION, USP HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use • Regional Perfusion in Locally Recurrent and Locoregional Solid Malignancies: Dactinomycin for Injection safely and effectively. See full prescribing • Lower Extremity or Pelvis: The recommend dose is 50 mcg/kg once with information for Dactinomycin for Injection. melphalan. (2.6) ◦ Upper Extremity: The recommended dose is 35 mcg/kg once with melphalan. (2.6) Dactinomycin for Injection for intravenous use Initial U.S. Approval: 1964 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS For injection: 500 mcg as a lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial. (3) RECENT MAJOR CHANGES • Dosage and Administration, Recommended Dosage for Wilms Tumor (2.1) CONTRAINDICATIONS 8/2018 None. (4) • Dosage and Administration, Recommended Dosage for Ewing Sarcoma (2.3) 8/2018 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Secondary Malignancy or Leukemia: Increased risk of secondary malignancies INDICATIONS AND USAGE following treatment. (5.1) Dactinomycin for injection is an actinomycin indicated for the treatment of: • Veno-occlusive Disease: Can cause severe or fatal VOD. Monitor for elevations in • adult and pediatric patients with Wilms tumor, as part of a multi-phase, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, hepatomegaly, weight gain, or ascites. Consider delaying combination chemotherapy regimen. (1.1) next dose.