Ernest Scott

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Ernest Scott Ernest Scott IL POPOLO DEL SEGRETO Traduzione ALESSANDRO BARSANTI INTRODUZIONE Per molti secoli è esistita una strana leggenda in Oriente. Dice che in qualche posto nascosto, magari sulle alte montagne dell'Asia Centrale esiste una gruppo di persone che possiedono poteri eccezionali. Questo centro agirebbe, almeno in alcuni aspetti, come, il governo segreto del Mondo. Frammenti di questa Ieggenda arrivarono in Occidente durante le crociate. L'idea fu rinnovata dal pensiero Rosacroce e reintrodotta con alcuni variazioni in questo secolo, da Mme. Blavatsky, animata e periodicamente rinnovata da numerosi autori e viaggiatori come Talbot Mundi ed Ossendowski. Ernest Scott, in questa amena e documentata opera ci espone i suoi studi e ricerche su questo appassionante tema. 1 Capitolo 1 LA TRADIZIONE NASCOSTA Un cometa attraversa il cielo e scuote la terra, e gli uomini si accendono con l'energia del suo passaggio. Asteroidi urtano e spargono la loro sostanza attraverso il firmamento. Nella terra, un continente affonda, un'isola emerge dall'oceano. Un deserto si trasforma in un nuovo mare, terra fertile diventa deserto. Nazioni, intere razze, nascono, declinano e scompaiono: lasciando solo leggende per lasciare un segno della loro esistenza e del loro passare. Forse è tutto accidentale? Forse non c’è alcun significato in tutta la spinta e la forza cieca della collisione? O magari tutto ha un proposito intenzionale, con la sua ragione e significato in un momento presente immensamente maggiore di quello che possiamo immaginare? Fino a poco tempo fa c'erano pochi dubbi nella mente degli uomini sulla risposta. Le cose accadevano intenzionalmente. L'intenzione poteva essere benigna a livello umano, o poteva essere ostile, ma ad un certo livello, in una certa scala, aveva significato. Perfino se l'intenzione era implacabile, la sua esistenza non era mai messa in dubbio. “Il Serpente ha divorato il Sole” e “Il Signore dà, il Signore toglie”, sono osservazioni separate da millenni, però rappresentano la stessa accettazione incondizionata che Qualcuno o Qualcosa esercita Volontà, e quindi, Proposito, come arbitro superiore, e governa tutto. Così fu per innumerevoli generazioni di uomini. Successe, nello spazio di pochi secoli, che una nuova immagine ci venne imposta, e il presupposto di base che aveva sostentato l'uomo - coscientemente o incoscientemente - durato forse per 20.000 anni venne rifiutato. Accadde che la scienza occidentale aveva scelto indagare i fenomeni naturali da un certo punto di vista (che ora sembra arbitrario), ed aveva scoperto che era possibile isolare le forze che producevano i fenomeni. Scoprì anche che era possibile invocare queste forze, riprodurre il fenomeno e prevederne il risultato. Improvvisamente non c'era più posto per il proposito nell'Universo. I fenomeni funzionavano perfettamente in un vuoto senza proposito, e per il principio della mannaia di Occam - non introdurre arbitrariamente elementi non necessari per spiegare quello che deve essere spiegato - il bebè fu gettato, un po’ distrattamente, con l'acqua del bagno. A questo punto sembrava che l'Universo fosse un sistema meccanico di azione e reazione. Non c'era libera volontà perché tutto era determinato in anticipo. Non c'era possibilità. Dove le leggi meccaniche erano totali non c'era posto per il libero arbitrio o l’eventualità. Date le coordinate di un evento e sufficienti informazioni al riguardo, tutti gli eventi futuri saranno pronosticabili. L'Universo si consumerà o esploderà. Ancora non abbiamo sufficienti dati per affermare quale, ma sarà una delle due alternative. Se un numero sufficiente di scimmie danzasse per un tempo sufficiente su sufficienti macchine da scrivere, alla fine le opere di Shakespeare verrebbero scritte. Statisticamente inevitabile. Tutti i fenomeni osservati, inclusa la vita, erano -ora dovevano esserlo-conseguenze accidentali di forze senza proposito che agiscono arbitrariamente senza l'intervento di nulla al di fuori dell'intrinseca meccanicità che è il fondamento dell’origine. Neanche la vita presentava problemi. Forme "superiori" evolverebbero a partire da forme "inferiori" poiché i meccanismi connessi a situazioni precedenti contenevano le seguenti inevitabili situazioni. Se ai nostri superstiziosi antenati piaceva o no, così era l'Universo. L'intelletto aveva risolto l’ultimo 2 segreto dimostrando che non c'era in realtà un ultimo segreto. Evidentemente non c'era nessun fantasma nella macchina. Per qualche ragione, questa liberazione dalle vecchie convinzioni fu accolta con euforia. Il cittadino del secolo XIV, William de Occam, collaborando col secolo XX, aveva abolito Dio; e gli scienziati, insolenti per la libertà appena avuta, videro se stessi come i padri fondatori di un nuovo futuro per l'umanità, un nuovo ordine mondiale: sano, razionale, istruito, senza superstizioni. Tutte le idee non realizzate del passato erano sbagliate e furono spazzate via con quello che Wells, negli anni 30, chiamò "la fratellanza dell’efficienza, la massoneria della scienza". Con la prospettiva di solo tre o quattro decadi, questo punto di vista sembra ora incredibilmente ingenuo, pur tuttavia, le generazioni che lo produssero meritano delle lodi per la loro onestà. Erano stati onesti con la visione che avevano, e non potevano immaginare che alcune cose abbastanza diverse sarebbero diventate fastidiosamente rilevanti. Giunta alla conclusione che tutto quello che aveva era meccanico, la scienza occidentale cominciò a notare che entro i limiti macro e micro delle cose si potevano osservare fatti allarmanti che in qualche modo indicavano che la meccanicità (che indubbiamente esisteva) altresì esisteva insieme a qualcosa stranamente somigliante alla libera volontà. Alcuni esperimenti avevano dimostrato che l'energia è una corrente continua. Altri, altrettanto convincenti, dicevano che era corpuscolare e discontinua. Un esperimento suggeriva che un quántum di energia è abbastanza piccolo da colpire un singolo atomo; un altro mostrò che era tanto grande da potersi dividersi tra due scanalature incise su una grossa lastra di metallo. E ancora peggio, l'energia sembravo conoscere in anticipo se c'era una scanalatura o due, e modificare il suo comportamento di conseguenza! Nell'altro estremo della scala di misura, il lavoro di Einstein - almeno per la comprensione dell'uomo comune - sembrava riassumersi nella scoperta che due più due non fanno quattro, eccetto, forse, in quelle aree (minime) dell'esperienza sensoriale ordinaria dove la differenza non era apprezzabile. Nel 1925 alcuni dei migliori matematici mondiali esaminarono i problemi che si erano accumulati come conseguenza del lavoro di Bohr, Planck, Broglie e di Einstein. Giunsero alla stessa strana conclusione. Tutte le anomalie inerenti le nuove informazione potevano essere sistemate e manipolate abbastanza bene solo se si usavano equazioni. Non si poteva, in nessuna circostanza, farsi un'immagine di quello che stava accadendo. Massa, longitudine e tempo, le coordinate di base di un universo meccanico, semplicemente non erano adatte per gestire la situazione che ora si presentava. Questo era intollerabile. Le cose dovevano stare qui o lì, non “forse qui”, o “forse lì”. Due e due dovevano fare quattro. In un Universo le cui leggi di base (come si era scoperto con la scienza occidentale) escludevano proprio l'incertezza, come potevano esserci incertezze? Nel 1927 Heisenberg scrisse il Principio di Indeterminazione, e da quel momento l'universo di azione e reazione cominciò a sgretolarsi. Dopo una parziale assenza di solo alcuni secoli, ed un'assenza più o meno totale di solo alcuni anni, il fantasma stava ritornando nella macchina. Non smise di essere ironico quando la sospetta fantasmagoria divenne una prima congiura alla visibilità nel santuario della fisica, la più materialista delle scienze, ed altrettanto ironico nella psicologia, la più "idealista" delle scienze, perseverante per più tempo a ignorare il fantasma nella sua propria macchina (effetti psichici e simili), e tenace nella lotta per riabilitare Lord Kelvin. Qui di nuovo la scienza occidentale fu fino ad un certo punto la vittima dei suoi tentativi di essere onesta. Gli psicologi del comportamento erano d’accordo con il suo punto di vista. Il comportamento umano era apertamente meccanico, e la pressione in un condotto chimico del motore umano produceva un effetto psichico, con uguale certezza che la spinta di una sbarra di ferro produceva un effetto fisico in un motore a vapore. Mentre la fisica era stata guidata in lacrime verso una successione non-sensoria, la psicologia non 3 vedeva come poter seguire quella strada, anche volendo. Malgrado Jung avesse abbozzato forse in modo vago i confini di tale terreno, i suoi domini continuavano ad essere considerati in qualche modo di natura anti-scientifica. Come il cane di Pavlov, la scienza occidentale si sentì soggetta a quegli impulsi intollerabilmente conflittuali che non poteva risolvere concretamente e, forse prevedibilmente, diventò nevrotica. Potrebbe essere che il dilemma dell’occidente a tutti i livelli fosse causato dallo stesso errore ricorrente - quello di limitare in maniera artificiale il campo di investigazione? Questo sembra spiegato in almeno un aspetto senza pari. In tutta la ricerca scientifica occidentale si è stabilito tacitamente che i dati per la soluzione dei problemi potevano venire solo dall’occidente. Questa è essenzialmente una supposizione non scientifica, ma questa supposizione è stata dominate. Come ora si comincia a sapere, l'informazione
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