Deployment Strategies of Managed Lanes on Arterials”
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FINAL REPORT to THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CENTER on Project “Deployment Strategies of Managed Lanes on Arterials” FDOT Contract BDV32-977-01 (UF Project 00105769/00105770) February 2015 Transportation Research Center The University of Florida DISCLAIMER The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the State of Florida Department of Transportation. ii METRIC CONVERSION CHART U.S. UNITS TO METRIC (SI) UNITS LENGTH WHEN YOU SYMBOL MULTIPLY BY TO FIND SYMBOL KNOW in inches 25.4 millimeters mm ft feet 0.305 meters m yd yards 0.914 meters m mi miles 1.61 kilometers km METRIC (SI) UNITS TO U.S. UNITS LENGTH WHEN YOU SYMBOL MULTIPLY BY TO FIND SYMBOL KNOW mm millimeters 0.039 inches in m meters 3.28 feet ft m meters 1.09 yards yd km kilometers 0.621 miles mi iii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Deployment Strategies of Managed Lanes on Arterials February 2015 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Yafeng Yin, Siriphong Lawphongpanich, Zhibin Chen and Mahmood Zangui 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Transportation Research Center University of Florida 11. Contract or Grant No. 512 Weil Hall, PO Box 116580 FDOT Contract BDV32-977-01 Gainesville, FL 32611-6580 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Florida Department of Transportation Final, Feb 2013-Feb 2015 605 Suwannee Street, MS 30 Tallahassee, FL 32399 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This report investigates issues related to planning, financing, deployment, and operation of managed lanes on arterials. In this report, a strategy for managed lanes refers to a combination of the managed lane type, the design and implementation, and the scheme for managing traffic on these lanes. Our investigation indicates that high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy/toll (HOT) lanes, express-toll (ET) lanes, and bus-only lanes are suitable for implementation on arterials in Florida. Details concerning their designs and implementations are discussed along with traffic management schemes such as intersection treatment, segment management, and automatic enforcement. A flow chart for determining an appropriate managed lane strategy for implementation is also provided. The report also identifies the necessary steps in performance evaluation before and after an implementation of a managed lane project along with other issues such as agency responsibility and use of toll revenue, when applicable. Useful evaluation tools such as sketch, project, and operational planning are also identified in this report. Finally, two procedures are proposed, one for selecting arterials for managed lane implementations and the other for evaluating a deployment plan for managed lanes. 17. Key Word 18. Distribution Statement Managed Lanes; Arterials; Strategies; No restrictions 19. Security Classification (of this report) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified. Unclassified. 201 N/A Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We sincerely appreciate the assistance and suggestions from Dr. Christopher Francis and Ms. Jennifer Fortunas and their colleagues during the entire project. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objectives of this project are to (a) examine strategies for deploying managed lanes on arterials, (b) identify tools for evaluating their performance, and (c) investigate ways to coordinate the deployment and operations of these lanes on arterials. For the first objective, this report reviews the state and national practices for managed lane on arterials in Section 2. Section 3 then identifies the types of managed lanes appropriate for Florida along with related issues such as design, enforcement, and pricing. As a summary, Section 3 also provides a flow chart that can assist in selecting a managed lane strategy for implementation in Florida. Section 4 discusses issues such as the planning, financing, partnerships, and generating public and governmental support for managed lane projects. Required processes such as Congestion Management Process (CMP), the completion of National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), and a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) are identified. For the second objective, Section 2 reviews practical steps for evaluating the performance of managed lanes. Additionally, Section 4 discusses issues in setting operational objectives and policies, both of which influence how managed lanes are evaluated for their performance. Section 5 reviews the literature for tools used in evaluating the effectiveness of managed lanes. These tools are used in sketch, project, and operational planning, and all can be used to analyze managed lane strategies. Typically, key differences among these tools are in modeling resolution, scale, accuracy, data need, and available resources (such as time available of the analysis). For the last objective, Section 6 proposes two heuristic procedures, one for selecting arterials for managed lane implementations and the other for evaluating a plan for deploying a set of managed lanes on arterials. Section 6 concludes with case studies of how to deploy managed lanes on a road network in South Florida using fictitious demand data. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................ II METRIC CONVERSION CHART .............................................................................................. III TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE ................................................................ IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... X LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................. XIV 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 2 REVIEW OF STATE AND NATIONAL PRACTICES FOR MANAGED LANES ON ARTERIALS................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 MANAGED FREEWAY LANES ................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Policies ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.2 Practices ................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 Planning and Implementation ................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Design and Regulations ............................................................................................ 16 2.1.5 Public Acceptance ..................................................................................................... 23 2.1.6 Environmental Considerations ................................................................................. 26 2.1.7 Traffic Conditions and Facility Performance ........................................................... 27 2.2 MANAGED ARTERIAL-LANES ............................................................................................ 28 2.2.1 Policies and Practices ............................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Planning and Implementation ................................................................................... 32 2.2.3 Design and Regulation .............................................................................................. 33 2.2.4 Public Acceptance ..................................................................................................... 37 2.2.5 Environmental Considerations ................................................................................. 38 2.2.6 Traffic Conditions and Facility Performances ......................................................... 38 3 IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION OF MANAGED LANE STRATEGIES .............. 45 3.1 TYPES OF MANAGED LANES FOR FLORIDA ........................................................................ 45 3.2 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MANAGED LANES ....................................................... 45 3.2.1 Layout and Placement............................................................................................... 46 3.2.2 Lane Length and Width ............................................................................................. 57 3.2.3 Lane Separations ...................................................................................................... 58 3.2.4 Signs and Markings................................................................................................... 60 3.2.5 Access