Toritttf NOV 19 1909

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Toritttf NOV 19 1909 TO - M fa m - Jw Av f vaik Ti--cTsmassssi-rzgmsmMgg 5M ijsi-jiijif- r JfcsrfJTK N WJkAjffVVijffjLisacrwL 3h H Hk I5lTr G sJ c Sdr P Xa E5 f 7 jt ElifVi SS LtF jI t Hi I m im H S Hi S H Pa illif-- izAgiteMifeyg T jhCl T U X 1 fi 3 C t L Tl 3ai torItttF NOV 19 1909 ONE DOLLAR A YEAR WASHINGTON D C THURSDAYraiSNOVEMBER 19 1908 VOL XXVIII XO 3 WHOLE NUMBER 1422 THE NEXT CHIEF EXECUTIVE TfleKmserMerelyaPresttett as SUto of the Empire Air Taft a Frequenter of Washington Significance of His Visit- - a- - is Mr 5 Merging the Two Administrations Tafts Athletics Kingdom of Prussia 17 23G Office Kingdom of Bavaria C 48 Nothing Definite as to the Cabinet Rush of Seekeis Kingdom of Saxony 4 23 Kingdom of Wurttembcrg 4 17 Empire Federation with the Kaiser as Chief Executive Grand Duchy of Baden S 14 The German a Tho President elect Is Keeping tip a would bo nnablo to nttond He is very Grand Duchy of Hesse 3 9 - action in soma things be has none at - splendid speaking- acquaintance with strongly avcrso to going on exhibition Germany Not an Autocracy Grand Duchy of Mcchlcii- public ap ¬ all in quite important directions G Washington He does not find it easy and wants to make as few other burg Schwerin 2 ¬ The recent flurry over Kaiser Wil He appoints and receives Embassadors Duchy 2 3 to remain away froia here for any pearances as possible while President- Grand of Saxe Weimar ¬ to diplomatic indiscretions reveals and Ministers negotiates treaties and Gtand Duchy of Mccklen- - length of time Perhaps it is some- elect Ho is going to New York hclms can begin carry on defenisve thing of a habit formed durlng the speak before tho North Carolina Asso- ¬ Germany is not the despotism that and a burg Strelitz 1 1 that war but he canot engage in an offensive Grand Duchv of Oldenburg 1 3 last four or five years to hasten back ciation because ho is deeply interested is commonly believed In fact the Ger- ¬ one without the sanction of the Duchy of Brunswick O 3 to the Federal City occasionally ln breaking the solid South and In In mans are far more real practical dem- ¬ Bundesrath He commands the army Tjuchy of Saxc Meiningcn 1 O About the time he cleared oft his culcating sound Republican Ideas Department start- ¬ among voters section Ho ocrats and republicans and better fitted and navy promulgates the laws and Dchy or Saxe Altenburg 1 1 desk at tho War and the of that oversees their execution It is held that Duchy 1 2 ed away to Hot Springs and Cincinnati la already on record as practically fav- ¬ government any of Ig- ¬ for popular than other in this prerogative of promulgating the Duchy of Anhalt 1 2 as candidate for tho Presidency he oring the disfranchisement of the people in continental Europe We in- ¬ laws he has the right exercised by our principality of Schwarzburg- - heaved a deep sigh and remarked that norant negros of that section and be- ¬ herit a large part of our doctrines of Supreme Court to determine whether gondershausen he might not bo back for many lieves that it is possible In tho course enact- - months perhaps not till Inaug- ¬ of a few years to build up a strong popular government and home rule they have been contsitutionally principality of Schwarzburg- - about eu xi no is opposeu 10 mom lie may RudoMadt 1 uration time and perhaps not then Republican white party in that section from them The people of France and refuse to promulgate them which is Ptincipality of Waldcck 1 He had some doubts about tho out- ¬ He especially wants to destroy tho the south of Europe no matter what the only form Qf a veto that he has Principality Rcuss Aelterer come of the campaign But allesamcy ge habit which pre ¬ of as vails present Republicans they may call themselves are not re- ¬ The most of the laws however are not Ilnie 1 tho Chinamen say he has kept drift- ¬ at with the executed by the imperial authorities ing back to dear old Washington and of the South publicans and democrats and cannot Principality of Kcuss Jungerer but by the State officials If these re- ¬ Linie 1 he promises to keep drifting back here But while he declined Mr Dalzells be made so in any reasonable length of fuse to execute the laws the Emperor Principality of Schaumburg-- at intervals between now and March invitation to go to Pittsburg tho two time They arc like the people of the has the power to coerce them A por Lippc 1 1 4 1909 when he goea to the Capitol talked quite a lot about the forthcom- ¬ ¬ ing plain same blood in South America they titui of the taxes are however collect- Principality of Lippe 1 1 takes the oath of office on the east revision Mr Taft made it ed by imperial authorities and these 1 1 front and rides back up Pennsylvania that he favors a revision of the tariff may play at republicanism but are in Free town of Lubcck con- ¬ have also the control of the postal and Free town of Bremen 1 1 avenue as tho new President of the downward and that lie hopes the rapablc of the self control and the spirit telegraph systems The Judges of the Free town of Hamburg 1 3 United States sumers who want a revision downward of liberty of the northern Europeans court can only be appointed by the Reichsland of Alsace Lorraino 1 15 Twice now he has been a guest at will come forward and present their ¬ arguments Ways Instead of ruling themselves they must Kaiser upon nomination by the Bundes- the AVhlte House of the Roosevelts to the and Means rath All the official acts of the Em- ¬ Total E8 397 His last visit there was over Sunday of Committee Thus far tho high protec- ¬ be ruled peror except those which relate to the this week The first tmio lie came was tionists have been most in evidence In tho midst of tho campaign as he and tho hearings have chiefly empha ¬ was traveling New Yorkward - The sized a protest against any reductions politicians said that was in yery bad Mr Taft also discussed many ques- ¬ taste The country wolild resent it A tions of administration with President loss of votes would result Roosevelt and It Is very plain that the Remember the break that Nick two are going to do their utmost to Longworth made out Jn Illinois about merge their Administrations to adopt the successions Roosevelt Taft a phrase that Secretary Root used a Roosevelt again and then NJck Long few days ago Doubtless Mr Roose- ¬ worth mused tho wise ones The velt acquainted Mr Taft with much country will reason that there Is a that he plans to say in his forthcoming family community of Interests and that annual message to Congress and Mr Taft Is so sure of the place ad interim Taft told Mr Roosevelt something of between Roosevelt and Roosevelt that what he has In mind to say to the coun- ¬ he is going right up to the White House try In his Inaugural message as tho he When Mr Taft returns to Washing- ¬ yi it ifP owned It will raise the cry of dynasties and then no Presi ¬ ton again in December Congress will dential candidate ever did that way be- ¬ be in session and if he so chooses he fore can meet a number of the leaders In Uncle Joe Had a Corking Time Too No Bail IleauHn Congress It will be little surprise if there are several such meetings and But Mr Taft in spite of all tho if he acquaints the leaders in Senate uneasiness Mr Roosevelt ha3 played Tlnsh of Office Seekers croaking wnt to the- - White House and House in some detail what His tennis for a number of years Just at then without any bad results And he There has been a big rush of office plans are with regard to tariff revision the rear of the White House offices and holders and seekers upon Mr Taft accepted an invitation to go thcro and labor reforms If tho stand patters within 20 feet of a public thorofare but again without any qualms whatever he is avoiding those gentlemen as much continue to have things their own way But a high screen of green cloth has as may be for the present He will He went to New York Xo make an ad- ¬ he will have opportunity to warn them completely obscured him from the pub recognize dress before lie Prison Martyrs Asso- ¬ certain men who have been further that he wishes a thoro revision lic influential ln securing- - his nomination ciation and traveling on - his return trip even if it Is to be a stand pat revision Mr Taft Is very fond of- horseback and election but on tho whole prob got into Washington late Saturday His two forthcoming visits to New riding as is President Roosevelt but night went to the House tho ably comes into otlico as free front While in York will also give him opportunity to he and the President have ridden but pledges as any man ever elected to the Presidents carriage ntid was a guost meet Influential men of that State and littlo together Mr Taft does not like there til Sunday eycningat oclock Presidency The biggest rush from any 730 especially of New York City and to the strenuous exercise that the Presi State is from Ohio because that is Mr when ho resumed hia Journey to Cin- ¬ gauge tho sentiment of Influential dent likes and then his 300 pounds FRANCS t iWnsAiir2 cinnati that Tafts own State and because the Ohio- - political and financial center are too much for a horse to carry at ans are great office seekers always Tho President elect is very casy and Washington now ¬ S3 I In Mr Taft Is treat- the speed and for the long distances eager for a slice of Federal pie J comfortable in the residence which very as A Reichstag must ed much tho he were really that the President rides There has It Is Improbable that Mr Taft will SS member of the be will bo his for four years after March President Seerrt Korvlen Trien hntn been searching for an extraordi ¬ 25 years old 4 much
Recommended publications
  • The Brunswick Succession
    YALE LAW JOURNAL. THE BRUNSWICK SUCCESSION The recent death of Prince Albert of Prussia, regent of the duchy of Brunswick, has served to once more bring into prominence certain political and constitutional questions severely agitated when, in 1884, the last duke of the elder branch of Brunswick-Luneburg, passed away, leaving the throne open, under the terms of ancient succession-agreements, to the younger line of the house now repre- sented by the duke of Cumberland. This latter prince would, doubt- less, have been chosen as a matter of course had not the further question of his hereditary claims upon Hanover, a province of Prussia since its incorporation by that power following the surren- der at Langensalza in 1866, introduced features which have led the imperial government to deny his constitutional eligibility. The duke's father, formerly reigned over Hanover as King George V, and was a son of that Ernest Augustus, younger brother of William IV of England, who, in 1837, succeeded to the crown of Hanover, Queen Victoria being excluded from a succession vested by law in the male line. The house of Brunswick is the modern representa- tive if the ancient Guelphs (Welfen) whose name, borne to-day by a small political faction in the Reichstag, stands for a general oppo- sition to things Prussian, and takes practical shape in an uncom- promising support of the duke's apparent design to acquire his Han- overian family possessions. The success of such an intention would plainly constitute a serious impairment of Prussia's territorial integ- rity, and, in this light, it was declared by a solemn decree of the Im- perial Federal Council, (Bundesrat) made July 2, 1885, to be con- trary to both the treaty-agreements (Biindnisvertrige) upon which the North German Confederation and the Empire are erected, and to the Imperial Constitution itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated-Index-Of-Names.Pdf
    ANNOTATED INDEX OF NAMES Page numbers in italic type refer to sender/address of dispatch. Abdul Hamid II (–), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (–). , , , , n, Abdülaziz (–), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (–). Abeken, Christian von (–), Saxon jurist and statesman. Minister of justice (–). Adä, Johann (–), physician and Württemberg politician. Reichstag member (–). Addington, Henry (–), st Viscount Sidmouth (), British statesman. MP (–); prime minister (–); home secretary (–). Adelmann von Adelmannsfelden, Heinrich Graf (–), estate owner and pol- itician. Member of the first chamber of the Württemberg Landtag (–) and the Reichstag (–; –). Adlerberg, Nikolai (–), Russian statesman. Governor of Taganrog, Simferopol and Finland. Adolphe (–), Duke of Nassau (–), Grand Duke of Luxembourg (). Ahlwardt, Hermann (–), teacher, publicist, and anti-Semitic politician. Reichstag member (–). – Albert, see also Albrecht Albert (–), Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From husband and consort of Queen Victoria, who granted him the title Prince Consort in . , Albert (–), King of Saxony from . , , , , , –, –, , –, –, , –, , , –, , , Albrecht (–), Prussian prince and general field marshal. Regent of the Duchy of Brunswick from . n, , , Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.58, on 26 Sep 2021 at 16:10:22, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960116318000313 ANNOTATED INDEX OF NAMES Albrecht (–), Duke of Württemberg and German general. Alexander (–), born Prince Alexander von Battenberg. Elected prince (knyaz) of Bulgaria (–). , –, n–, –, –, –, , –, –, –, n Alexander (–), Prince of Hesse and by Rhine and German general. , n– , Alexander III (–), Tsar of Russia from . , , –, , , –, – , –, , –, , , , , , Alexandra (–), Princess of Denmark. Married Edward, Prince of Wales (); Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (–).
    [Show full text]
  • NSA/OF/Ports (Aug.).Pages
    Niedersachsen/Bremen/Hamburg/Ostfriesland Resources Introduction to Lower Saxony, Bremen & Hamburg Wikipedia states in regard to the regions of this modern German Bundesland: “Lower Saxony has clear regional divisions that manifest themselves both geographically as well as historically and culturally. In the regions that used to be independent, especially the heartlands of the former states of Brunswick, Hanover, Oldenburg and Schaumburg- Lippe, there is a marked local regional awareness. By contrast, the areas surrounding the Hanseatic cities of Bremen and Hamburg are much more oriented towards those centres.” A number of the Map Guides to German Parish Registers will need to be used to find your town if you are studying this region, among them numbers 4 (Oldenburg), 10 (Hessen-Nassau), 27 (Brunswick), 30-32 (Hannover), 39 (Westphalia & Schaumburg- Lippe) Online (a sampling) Niedersächsische Landesarchiv — http://aidaonline.niedersachsen.de Oldenburg emigrants — http://www.auswanderer-oldenburg.de Ahnenforschung.org “Regional Research” — http://forum.genealogy.net Hamburg Gen. Soc. — http://www.genealogy.net/vereine/GGHH/ Osnabrück Genealogical Society (German) — http://www.osfa.de Bremen’s “Mouse” Gen. Soc. (German) — http://www.die-maus-bremen.de/index.php Mailing Lists (for all German regions, plus German-speaking areas in Europe) -- http://list.genealogy.net/mm/listinfo/ Periodicals IGS/German-American Genealogy: “Niedersachsen Research,” by Eliz. Sharp (1990) “Niedersächsische Auswanderer in den U.S.A.” (Spr’98) “Researching Church
    [Show full text]
  • Monarchical State-Building Through State Destruction : Hohenzollern Self-Legitimization at the Expense of Deposed Dynasties in the Kaiserreich
    This is a repository copy of Monarchical state-building through state destruction : Hohenzollern Self-legitimization at the Expense of Deposed Dynasties in the Kaiserreich. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/125755/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Heinzen, Jasper Maximilian orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-3787 (2017) Monarchical state- building through state destruction : Hohenzollern Self-legitimization at the Expense of Deposed Dynasties in the Kaiserreich. German History. pp. 525-550. ISSN 0266-3554 https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghx103 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Monarchical State-building through State Destruction: Hohenzollern Self-legitimization at the Expense of Deposed Dynasties in the Kaiserreich* Dr Jasper Heinzen, Department of History, University of York Abstract The German War of 1866 was a turning point in the consolidation of Prussian hegemony over the emerging German nation-state. This article engages with a neglected aspect of this process by investigating the destabilizing effect of Prussia’s territorial expansion at the expense of fellow monarchies in Hanover, Hessen-Kassel, Nassau and Schleswig-Holstein.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political
    Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe’s Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE” August 1, 2012 1 Feudalism and Political Stability To formalize the intuition presented in Section 3.3 using a simple framework, suppose that a perfectly myopic, risk-neutral sovereign imperfectly controls a polity that creates output of size one each period. Denote by γ the amount of land controlled by the military regardless of the actions of the sovereign (this can be interpreted as the percentage of the entire polity controlled by the military). Suppose that there are N perfectly myopic, risk-neutral members of the military (where N is sufficiently large) and that γ is evenly distributed between the members of this class. We consider the parameter value γ exogenously given. A value of γ = 0 corresponds to a perfectly absolutist sovereign (who uses mamluks or mercenaries to staff his military) whereas higher values of γ denote more feudal arrangements. Note that our assumption of perfectly myopic agents allows us to abstract from the potentially important issue of how the sovereign compensates the military (i.e., iqta’ rents versus land grants).1 In addition, we abstract from other important issues in order to focus on the sovereign’s desire to prevent a successful revolt. We do so in order to highlight one mechanism that we believe contributes to the observed increase in ruler duration. The order of play in the game is as follows: after observing γ the sovereign moves first and decides whether to keep the entire amount of output he controls to himself or whether to divide it equally between himself and the military.
    [Show full text]
  • German Empire (Berlin)
    GERMAN EMPIRE (BERLIN) Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.58, on 29 Sep 2021 at 07:53:52, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960116316000051 BERLIN FO 64/717: Lord Augustus Loftus to Earl Granville, No 100, Berlin, 28 January 1871 [Received 30 January by Messenger Leeds. For: The Queen / Gladstone / Circulate; Qy: ‘Inform Mr Littlewood that a telegram has been received on the 29th from Versailles to the effect that “Mr Worth will shortly be liberated” ’; ‘He has been informed I think’, G[ranville]] Mr Worth on trial in Cologne after escaping from Paris via balloon; allegedly sold arms to the French I have the honour to enclose to Your Lordship, herewith, copy of a Report I have received from Mr Harriss-Gastrell on the case of Mr Worth now under confinement in Cologne having been made prisoner by the Prussians out of a Balloon from Paris.1 From this report Your Lordship will see that the Trial has taken place although the sentence has not been definitively pronounced, the decision having been referred to the Higher Military Authorities at Versailles. It appears that the offence of which Mr Worth has been guilty is of a graver nature than was at first anticipated, and that he has acknowledged to have been the writer of a Letter to Mr Littlewood, which was captured previous to his own arrest, and which contained an order for the purchase of arms for the French Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Memories of the House of Este in England
    THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION AND ASSOCIATION ON NOBILITY (TICAN) Memories of the House of Este in England The Royal House of Windsor, in their veins runs the blood of the oldest Italian Dynasty Carmelo Currò Troiano & Don Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo (George, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, Prince-Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick. ca. 1714, the year of his succession, by Sir Godfrey Kneller) Memories of the House of Este in England The Este Royal Family still reigns, and with the world's most famous monarchy. It reigns under another name, because now is called Windsor. In their veins, however, runs the blood of the oldest Italian Dynasty. Among the many states of late medieval Italy, one stands out for its unfamiliarity to an English audience and for its neglect in historical research: that of the Este family, lords (later Dukes) of the cities of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio in northern Italy. Welf IV d'Este, son of Alberto Azzo II, moved to Germany, first to Carinthia and then to Bavaria, giving rise to one of the most important families in European history, the Guelphs. This in turn ultimately led to the ascension to the English throne in 1714 with George I of England. The Este constituted, with the Savoy, the longest Italian family dynastic among the various lordships that from the Middle Ages to the Risorgimento (The Resurgence) dominated the small states that made up the boot of Italy controlled for long periods a portion that practically reached from the Adriatic Sea to the Tyrrhenian Sea until the Republic of Lucca, acting as cushion between the states of the Church and those in the north, Venice, Mantua and Milan.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper / Poster Template for Proceedings of the 2Nd
    AN INK–AND–PAPER AUTOMATON: THE CONCEPTUAL MECHANIZATION OF COGNITION AND THE PRACTICAL AUTOMATION OF REASONING IN LEIBNIZ’S DE AFFECTIBUS (1679) Simon DUMAS PRIMBAULT* Abstract. On ten loose handwritten folios dating back from April 1679, Leibniz gradually devised, in the course of three days, a full-blown theory of thought that nonetheless remained unpublished and still has received little attention from scholars. Conceiving of affectūs as the driving forces that set the mind in motion from one thought to another and passiones as the inertia opposing such movement, this manuscript results in a systematic psychology understood as a dynamics of thoughts modelled on the mechanical laws of motion for solid bodies. Delving into Leibniz‘s working papers to witness the unfolding of his thoughts, I propose to pay attention to the many intellectual operations that paved the way for his metaphysics. From his reading notes on Descartes to his syllogistically redefining a set of concepts and propositions, Leibniz here defines an affective theory of cognition and sets the first foundations of a combinatorial ontology: his so- called scientia generalis. Focusing on the material practices that govern his use of paper, I would like to show that Leibniz‘s conceptual mechanization of cognition is materially dependent on a practical automation of reasoning reduced to a propositional calculus on paper. Eventually, this contribution is a plea for a media-historical reading of Leibniz‘s working papers. Keywords: Leibniz, affect, automation, reasoning, working papers, medium, material practices Introduction In 1679, halfway between his return from Paris, where he had already set down most of the working concepts of his differential calculus, and the publication in the Acta eruditorum of his ―Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis‖ where he precisely defined the rules and symbols of said calculus, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646, Leipzig – 1716, Hannover) started jotting on paper his thoughts about a universal language1 and the general science that would be grounded in it2.
    [Show full text]
  • Fabulous Firsts: Brunswick
    Fabulous Firsts: Brunswick (January 1, 1852) (This article first appeared, without images, in Mekeel’s Weekly circa 1920 and later in The Stamps of the German States, by B.W.H. Poole.) Brunswick, or Braunschweig to give it its Teutonic name, is a sovereign duchy of the German Empire situated between Hanover, Saxony, and Westphalia. It has an area of 1,424 square miles and a population a little in excess of half a million. The duchy has two votes in the Imperial Council and sends three representatives to the Imperial Diet. Originally Brunswick formed a part of the duchy of Saxony, but in 1235 the independent duchy of Brunswick was created. Subsequently, along with Hanover, Lüneburg, Celle and other territories, it was transferred and recon- veyed several times as the various Brunswick dynasties were founded and died out. The duchy suffered severely during the Seven Years War. It was occupied by the French in 1806, annexed to the kingdom of Westphalia in the following .year, and restored to its duke in 1813. The direct Guelf line became extinct in 1884, on the death of the childless Duke William, and since 1885 the duchy has been governed by a regent. The town of Bruns- wick, capital of the duchy, is of ancient origin, its cathedral, for instance, dating from 1172. Here is found the tomb of Henry the Lion (see page 7), Duke of Saxony, whose descendants created the independent duchy. Issue 48 - December 5, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net If you enjoy this article, and are not already a subscriber, for $12 a year you can enjoy 60+ pages a month.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Territorial Lordship in Medieval Germany. Reflections Upon an Historiographical Theory.'
    The End of Territorial Lordship in Medieval Germany. Reflections upon an Historiographical Theory.' Benjamin Arnold University of Reading In parliamentary meetings held at Nuremberg and Metz during 1356, Emperor Charles IV (1346-1378) promulgated what he called unser keiserliches rechtbuch, an imperial lawbook by which the method of imperial election as well as many other matters concerning the political structure of the German Empire were to be regulated. Its later designation as Charles IV's 'Golden Bull' refers simply to the seal, an aurea bulla 2 Technically it was an imperial edict namcd after the first two words of the main text, Omne regum. Since Omne regum somewhat resembles a written constitution about princely as well as imperial rights, it always comes as a surprise to read the diatribe assembled from biblical passages against the princes of Germany which introduces the lawbook. They are even castigated as companions of thieves. But after all, one of the emperor's intentions was to reconcile the political prestige and the local authority of the electoral princes with the hopes of the German rulers to establish dynasties by harmonizing the elective with the hereditary principles of succession. This Charles IV achieved when his son Wenceslas was elected king of the Romans at Frankfurt in 1376. The title indicated that the incumbent would, after his predecessor's death, undertake the expeditio Romana to receive coronation as emperor at the hands of the pope. In the event Wenceslas never went to Rome, possibly as a consequence of increasing alcoholism. He was in any case deposed as king of the Romans in 1400 but survived as king of Bohemia until 1419.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Goods Institutions, Human Capital, and Growth: Evidence from German History∗
    Public Goods Institutions, Human Capital, and Growth: Evidence from German History∗ Jeremiah E. Dittmar Ralf R. Meisenzahl London School of Economics Federal Reserve Board Abstract What are the origins and consequences of the state as a provider of public goods? We study public goods provision established through new laws in German cities during the 1500s. Cities that adopted the laws subsequently began to differentially produce and attract human capital and to grow faster. Legal change occurred where ideological competition introduced by the Protestant Reformation interacted with local politics. We study plagues that shifted local politics in a narrow period as sources of exogenous variation in public goods institutions, and find support for a causal interpretation of the relationship between legal change, human capital, and growth. JEL Codes: I25, N13, O11, O43 Keywords: Institutions, Political Economy, Public Goods, Education, Human Capital, Growth, State Capacity. ∗Dittmar: LSE, Centre for Economic Performance, and CEPR. Address: Department of Economics, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Email: [email protected]. Meisenzahl: Federal Reserve Board. Address: Federal Reserve Board, 20th and C Streets NW, Washington, DC 20551. E-mail: [email protected]. We would like to thank Sascha Becker, Davide Cantoni, Nicola Gennaioli, Joel Mokyr, Andrei Shleifer, Yannay Spitzer, Joachim Voth, Noam Yuchtman, anonymous referees, and colleagues at American, Auburn, Bonn, Brown, CEPR, the Economic History Association conference, the Federal Reserve Board, George Mason University, Hebrew University, LSE, Northwestern University, NYU Stern, Reading University, Rutgers, Toulouse, Trinity, Warwick, UC Berkeley, University of Munich, University of Mannheim, Vanderbilt University, the NBER Culture and Institutions Conference, NBER Summer Institute, 2015 EEA conference, 2015 SGE conference, 2015 German Economists Abroad meeting, and 2015 ARSEC conference for helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Institutions on Innovation*
    The Impact of Institutions on Innovation* Alexander Donges, Jean-Marie A. Meier, Rui C. Silva October 27, 2017 Abstract We study the impact of inclusive institutions on innovation using novel, hand- collected, county-level data for Imperial Germany. Exploiting the timing and geography of the French occupation of different German regions after the French Revolution as an instrument for institutional quality, we find that the number of patents per capita was more than twice as high in counties with the longest occupation as in unoccupied counties. Conservative social norms and low financial development weaken the impact of institutions on innovation. The results suggest that innovation is a quantitatively plausible channel for the previously documented effect of institutions on economic pros- perity. Keywords: Innovation, Patents, Institutions, Institutional Reform, Economic Growth. JEL classification: O31, O43, N43, N13, K40, P16. *Meier would like to thank the Deloitte Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at London Business School for providing financial support. We thank Taylor Begley, Bo Bian, Rajesh Chandy, Jo~aoCocco, Xavier Duran, Maximilian Eber (discussant), Julian Franks, Francisco Gomes, Juanita Gonzalez-Uribe, Walker Hanlon, Sebastian Hohmann, Giampaolo Lecce (discussant), Stefan Lewellen, Anton Lines, Maria- Teresa Marchica (discussant), Elias Papaioannou, Florian Ploeckl, Raghavendra Rau, David Schoenherr, Max-Stephan Schulze, Felix Selgert, Henri Servaes, Janis Skrastins, Jan Starmans, Jochen Streb, Carsten Trenkler, Paolo
    [Show full text]