Surrey Heritage
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SurreyDiscovering,R Heritage Preserving, Celebrating R www.surreycc.gov.uk Making Surrey a better place Contents Welcome from Pat Reynolds 3 Stewards of the past: uncovering and preserving Surrey’s heritage 5 Spreading the word, forging partnerships 13 Supporting communities, enriching lives 19 Celebrating diversity, revealing hidden histories 23 Looking to the future: working with young people 27 To the ends of the earth: digital developments 31 Front cover image: Home educated children discovering the delights of Roman food Left: Bramley church looking east, watercolour by Edward Hassell, 1828, SHC: 8877/2/357 2 Welcome from Pat Reynolds Surrey Heritage unites Surrey County Council’s expertise in discovering, Among the developments in 2011 which you can learn more about in the preserving and celebrating our County’s amazing history. We are based following pages are the community archaeology excavation of the site of at Surrey History Centre in Woking where the written memory of our Woking Palace; the deposit of a magnificent collection of papers relating County – archives and rare books – as well as maps, engravings, sound to the notorious Guildford pub bombings; the celebration throughout recordings and digital records is stored on more than six miles of the year of Surrey’s sporting heritage; and our partnerships with a host of shelving. These rich materials illuminate all aspects of Surrey’s past but other organisations to ensure Surrey’s past is treasured for everyone to be are also a major source for national and international history, as relevant inspired by. for people today as they will be for our successors, looking back on the cultural legacy of this Olympic year. Surrey Heritage is currently undergoing a public value review, which will set the direction of our work over the coming years. I am confident that Our skilled staff can help you to discover and use these historic materials it will enable us to develop and enhance our stewardship of our County’s and also protect and understand Surrey’s archaeology, historic buildings heritage, for the benefit of everyone. and artefacts. We provide impartial advice on all aspects of managing and preserving the County’s historic environment and offer high quality Dr. Pat Reynolds archaeological services to commercial and public sector clients. We Heritage Manager also provide a vital link with schools, colleges, museums and a wide range of partners to help you discover Surrey’s history and ensure that www.surreycc.gov.uk/surreyheritage the experiences of the County’s diverse communities are recorded and www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk preserved. 3 ‘You do such important work there. Without your work nothing would be secured for future Mrsgenerations, Bras, depositor it’s absolutely vital.’ Between April 2010 and March 2011 478 enthusiastic volunteers gave Surrey Heritage a spectacular 13,504 hours of their time 4 Stewards of the past: uncovering and preserving Surrey’s heritage An ever-growing collection: new accessions to the archive bombings in October 1975 - Gerald Conlon, Paul Hill, Patrick Armstrong and Carole Richardson. Conlon’s testimony implicated his aunt Annie Maguire and her family and they were convicted in 1976. Two appeals The archive and local studies service, represented by our Public Services failed but profound questions remained about the safety of the verdicts and Stewardship and Preservation Teams, is a front line service that and police conduct during the investigation and the case was taken up rescues, preserves and makes accessible the documentary history of by Cardinal Basil Hume, Roy Jenkins, Merlyn Rees, and the Law Lords Surrey. In addition to the Four Star rating awarded us by The National Scarman and Devlin. In 1989 the verdicts were quashed and a public Archives, we were delighted to receive a 100% user satisfaction rating inquiry chaired by Sir John May revealed the depth of malpractice and in the national Survey of Visitors to British Archives in early 2011 and collusion among the authorities. Mr Logan was involved at every stage gratified, in March 2012, to be voted ‘Archive of the Year’ by readers of of the trials and appeals and the copious records he kept will be a key Your Family History Magazine. source for the legal battles and the wider events surrounding them. In 2011 we received 298 new accessions from external depositors With the approach of the Olympics, sporting organisations were (ranging from single documents to over 70 large file boxes) and well represented among depositors. The Surrey County Football 26 transfers from Surrey County Council departments. That is Association deposited records stretching back to 1897 and the Cyclists approximately 16 cubic metres. A full list of these accessions is on our Touring Club deposited papers documenting their activities since website. 1924. We were also delighted to receive the records of The Centurions walking club, established in 1911 for amateur walkers who had completed The largest deposit comprised papers accumulated by the solicitor 100 miles in 24 hours in competition. Their major event was the London Alastair Logan OBE, relating to the notorious case of the Guildford to Brighton and Back (104 miles) promoted every four years by the Four and Maguire Seven. The bombings of the Horse and Groom Surrey Walking Club. and the Seven Stars public houses in Guildford by the IRA took place on 5 October 1974. Five people died and at least sixty-five people were In a year of profound economic gloom, some accessions recalled earlier injured. Some 46 people were arrested and four were found guilty of the periods of crisis, when the very survival of the nation appeared to be 5 in question. The Godley Hundred Yeomanry was formed in 1803 by Edgell Wyatt when war with Napoleon’s France had broken out again and at a time when “everything which is dear to us is threatened with annihilation by the implacable enemy of mankind”. This troop of volunteer cavalrymen, decked out in dark blue, silver-trimmed uniforms, aimed to ensure domestic peace and thwart any invasion. A minute and account book document their activities through to their dissolution in 1824. In 1914, when Britain was again faced with global war, many large houses were requisitioned as temporary war hospitals. Clandon Park Military Hospital opened on 14 October 1914 and was equipped by Lord and Lady Onslow as a first line hospital, receiving casualties from the front and staffed by a matron, a theatre sister, five sisters in charge of wards, three staff nurses and members of the Voluntary Aid Detachment. Letters sent to Lord and Lady Onslow document the difficulties of running such an establishment. Local civilians were called on again when war broke out in 1939. Helen Lloyd (1899-1977) of Albury became Women’s Voluntary Service Centre Organiser in Guildford Rural District, overseeing the billeting of evacuated children and the reception of exhausted soldiers returning from Dunkirk. The ten volumes of her diary cover the years 1940 to 1945 and are particularly detailed for the period 1940-41 when the fear of invasion and the possibility of defeat haunted the country. We have also been active in salerooms. In July, with assistance from Surrey Archaeological Society, Surrey History Trust and Guildford Museum, we acquired two beautiful volumes of engravings, printed ephemera and original drawings and watercolours of Guildford and its environs, compiled by the bookseller Thomas Thorp of Guildford. In November, aided by the Friends of the National Libraries and Surrey History Trust, we purchased two 18th century surveys containing meticulous, hand drawn maps of the estates of the Clayton family of Marden Park in Woldingham, covering over 10,000 acres in eastern Surrey. Guildford Bridge, watercolour by anonymous artist, c.1800, SHC: 8877/1/327 6 Archive conservation and preservation Our conservators have also repaired 52 maps relating to the implementation of the 1910 Finance Act. The Act was one of Lloyd George’s measures in his 1909 ‘People’s Budget’ to raise revenue through Ensuring the long term preservation of our collections is one of taxing increases in property value. Detailed maps and schedules were our chief concerns. Damaged documents are repaired by our skilled compiled recording owners, occupiers, property details and values – conservators so they can be consulted. Such work requires scientific rather like a 20th century Domesday Survey. The maps arrived from local knowledge of the composition of paper and other record media over the valuation offices having suffered from decades of rough handling and centuries and superb craft skills. Our work this year included the repair have required extensive repair. of the first male case book for the Manor Hospital in Epsom covering the years 1899 to 1901, which had been badly damaged by damp. The Repair is a long and costly process and much of our work is preventative, hospital was established by London County Council for care of the ensuring documents do not deteriorate. Good cleaning and packaging mentally disabled and this haunting volume includes photographs of is crucial, and volunteers play a large part. One volunteer has been patients. flattening and repackaging a superb, but tightly folded set of 19th century sale particulars of the Dorking auctioneers and valuers, White and Sons, and others have rebound a series of reports on the furnishings of Surrey churches by local groups of the National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Societies. One of the great challenges facing archives internationally is preserving records in digital formats, when software and hardware become obsolete so quickly. This year we have begun working in partnership with The National Archives in a pilot project to preserve through the Internet Memory Foundation websites of significance for the history of the County. Development control Our Heritage Conservation Team plays a key role in development control across the county.