DOCSLIB.ORG

The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Mglur1 Regulates the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.2 Through Agonist-Dependent and Agonist-Independent Mechanisms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Mglur1 Regulates the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.2 Through Agonist-Dependent and Agonist-Independent Mechanisms University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2019 The etM abotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 regulates the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.2 through agonist-dependent and agonist- independent mechanisms Sharath Chandra Madasu University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Cell Biology Commons, Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons, and the Pharmacology Commons Recommended Citation Madasu, Sharath Chandra, "The eM tabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 regulates the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.2 through agonist-dependent and agonist-independent mechanisms" (2019). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 982. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/982 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR MGLUR1 REGULATES THE VOLTAGE-GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.2 THROUGH AGONIST-DEPENDENT AND AGONIST-INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS. A Dissertation Presented by Sharath Chandra Madasu to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Cellular Molecular and Biomedical Science January, 2019 Defense Date: September 27, 2018 Dissertation Examination Committee: Anthony D. Morielli, PhD., Advisor John Green, PhD., Chairperson Karen Lounsbury, Ph.D. Benedek Erdos, PhD. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT The voltage gated potassium channel Kv1.2 plays a key role in the central nervous system and mutations in Kv1.2 cause neurological disorders such as epilepsies and ataxias. In the cerebellum, regulation of Kv1.2 is coupled to learning and memory. We have previously shown that blocking Kv1.2 by infusing its specific inhibitor tityustoxin-kα (TsTX) into the lobulus simplex of the cerebellum facilitates eyeblink conditioning (EBC) and that EBC itself modulates Kv1.2 surface expression in cerebellar interneurons. The metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 is required for EBC although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that infusion of the mGluR1 agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) into the lobulus simplex of the cerebellum mimics the facilitating effect of TsTX on EBC. We therefore hypothesize that mGluR1 could act, in part, through suppression of Kv1.2. Earlier studies have shown that Kv1.2 suppression involves channel tyrosine phosphorylation and endocytocytic removal from the cell surface. In this study we report that an excitatory chemical stimulus (50mM K+- 100µM glutamate) applied to cerebellar slices enhanced Kv1.2 tyrosine phosphorylation and that this increase was lessened in the presence of the mGluR1 inhibitor YM298198. More direct evidence for mGluR1 modulation of Kv1.2 comes from our finding that selective activation of mGluR1 with DHPG reduced the amount of surface Kv1.2 detected by cell surface biotinylation in cerebellar slices. To determine the molecular pathways involved we used an unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify Kv1.2-protein interactions that are modulated by mGluR1. Among the interactions enhanced by DHPG were those with PKC-γ, CaMKII, and Gq/G11, each of which had been shown in other studies to co-immunoprecipitate with mGluR1 and contribute to its signaling. Of particular note was the interaction between Kv1.2 and PKC-γ since in HEK cells and hippocampal neurons Kv1.2 endocytosis is elicited by PKC activation. We found that activation of PKCs with PMA reduced surface Kv1.2, while the PKC inhibitor Go6983 attenuated the reduction in surface Kv1.2 levels elicited by DHPG and PMA, suggesting that the mechanism by which mGluR1 modulates cerebellar Kv1.2 likely involves PKC. mGluR1 has been shown to signal independently of the agonist through a constitutively active, protein kinase A-dependent pathway in the cerebellum. Using HEK293 cells we show that co-expression of mGluR1 increases the surface expression levels of Kv1.2. This effect occurs in absence of mGluR1 agonists and in the presence of a noncompetitive mGluR1 inhibitor YM298198. Co-expression of known downstream effectors of the agonist driven mGluR1 pathway such as PKC-γ, CaMKIIα, Grid2 had no effect on Kv1.2 surface expression or on the ability of mGluR1 agonist to modulate that expression. In contrast, the inverse agonist BAY 36-7620 significantly reduced the mGluR1 effect on Kv1.2 surface expression, as did pharmacological inhibition of PKA with KT5720. Therefore, mGluR1 is involved in regulation of surface Kv1.2 via dual mechanisms, the agonist dependent mechanism reduces surface Kv1.2 via PKC, while agonist independent constitutive mechanism increases surface Kv1.2 via PKA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Dr. Ram Murthy and Sandhya Rani Madasu. They have always been unconditionally supportive of me and my endeavors and their love and kindness kept me going all throughout my life. They have always reminded me that I was never alone and always had my back providing me encouragement, comfort especially when experiments turnout to be not what I expected. I would also like to thank my uncle and aunt Ravinder and Jyothi Eeraveni who like my parents they have taken care of me here in my adopted home of United States. My wife Priyanka deserves the credit for putting up with me especially when experiments did not pan out, when I missed all the movie nights and anniversaries because I was doing one last experiment or analyzing last set of data all the time. I would like to thank all my family members (it’s a long list) for all their love and support. My friends at the Cellular Molecular and Biomedical Sciences have contributed a lot to my life and success here at UVM. All the fun BBQs, night outs and trips we had really made me feel at home. This work would have not been fun without my lab mates in crime Dr. Eugene Cilento who taught me the basics of mass spectrometry, flow cytometry and imaging. We have worked on the early experiments for co-immunoprecipitation that lead to discovery of the Kv1.2 interactome this thesis is mostly based on. Most importantly for keeping the work environment fun. Dr. Kutibh Chihabi for his fun and positive attitude, he taught me the flow cytometry which is all I have used in chapter 3. ii I would like to thank Department of Pharmacology which has been my home since I joined UVM. I would like to thank Dr. Mark Nelson, the Chair of the Pharmacology department for supporting my graduate education and for being an inspiration to many budding scientists as myself. My dissertation research would be incomplete without the support of COBRE facilities and the faculty. In particular I would like to thank Dr. Ying- Wai Lam, from the mass spectrometry core. He has taken time to teach me the intricacies of quantitative mass spectrometry and has worked with me on the proteomics part of the projects and added plethora of valuable data which this dissertation builds on. All of this would have not been possible if it was not for Dr. Anthony Morielli, my advisor and mentor. I still remember his talk at the Faculty presentations during the student orientation. His energy filled story about how he during his post-doctoral studies stumbled into Kv1.2 is what interested me to this line of research. Tony dedicates a lot of time to wards scientific progress of his students and makes sure they have adequate support to succeed, he has been a pillar of support for me during my PhD life at UVM. Most of all he has been a terrific mentor and friend. Thank you, Tony. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………........ ii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………….. x LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………… xi CHAPTER 1 COMPREHENSIVE LITRATURE REVIEW…………………………. 1 1.1 Overview.………………………………………………………………………….. 1 1.2 Potassium channel structure and function…….…………………………………... 4 1.3 The Potassium channel Kv1.2……….……………………………………………. 8 1.4 Kv Channel composition in the brain…….……………………………………….. 8 1.5 Electrophysiological properties of Kv1family channels.………………………….. 10 1.6 Physiological role of Kv1.2……………………………………………………….. 11 1.7 Protein sequence and composition affects the surface expression of heteromeric Kv channels…………………………………………………………………………… 14 1.8 Glycosylation regulates stability and surface expression of Kv1.2 channels……... 15 1.9 Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs) affect endocytic trafficking of Kv1.2…... 16 1.10 Secretin receptors regulates surface Kv1.2 via PKA in the cerebellum…………. 19 1.11 Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1……………………………………… 19 1.12 mGluR1 signaling………………………………………………………………... 21 1.13 mGluR1 is constitutively active via intracellular loops 2, 3 and its interactions with Homer……………………………………………………………………………. 21 1.14 Identification of Metabotropic Glutamate receptor – 1 (mGluR1) its role in LTD and Cerebellar learning a brief history………………………………………………... 22 1.15 mGluR1 in cerebellar learning………………………………………………....... 25 iv 1.16 Regulation of potassium channels via mGluR1 in the brain…………………….. 26 1.17 mGluR1 regulates potassium channels in the cerebellum and affects intrinsic excitability…………………………………………………………………………….. 28 References for Chapter 1.……………………………………………………………..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mineralocorticoid Receptor Leads to Increased Expression of EGFR
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The mineralocorticoid receptor leads to increased expression of EGFR and T‑type calcium channels that support HL‑1 cell hypertrophy Katharina Stroedecke1,2, Sandra Meinel1,2, Fritz Markwardt1, Udo Kloeckner1, Nicole Straetz1, Katja Quarch1, Barbara Schreier1, Michael Kopf1, Michael Gekle1 & Claudia Grossmann1* The EGF receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in tumor biology and recently a role in cardiovascular pathophysiology was suggested. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is an important efector of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone‑system and elicits pathophysiological efects in the cardiovascular system; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Our aim was to investigate the importance of EGFR for MR‑mediated cardiovascular pathophysiology because MR is known to induce EGFR expression. We identifed a SNP within the EGFR promoter that modulates MR‑induced EGFR expression. In RNA‑sequencing and qPCR experiments in heart tissue of EGFR KO and WT mice, changes in EGFR abundance led to diferential expression of cardiac ion channels, especially of the T‑type calcium channel CACNA1H. Accordingly, CACNA1H expression was increased in WT mice after in vivo MR activation by aldosterone but not in respective EGFR KO mice. Aldosterone‑ and EGF‑responsiveness of CACNA1H expression was confrmed in HL‑1 cells by Western blot and by measuring peak current density of T‑type calcium channels. Aldosterone‑induced CACNA1H protein expression could be abrogated by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478. Furthermore, inhibition of T‑type calcium channels with mibefradil or ML218 reduced diameter, volume and BNP levels in HL‑1 cells. In conclusion the MR regulates EGFR and CACNA1H expression, which has an efect on HL‑1 cell diameter, and the extent of this regulation seems to depend on the SNP‑216 (G/T) genotype.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterizing the Mechanisms of Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling Within Mesolimbic Dopamine Circuitry Katie Reichard a Dissertat
    Characterizing the mechanisms of kappa opioid receptor signaling within mesolimbic dopamine circuitry Katie Reichard A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of: Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2020 Reading Committee: Charles Chavkin, Chair Paul Phillips Larry Zweifel Program Authorized to Confer Degree: Neuroscience Graduate Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary/Abstract………………………………………………………………………….……..6 Dedication……………………………………………………………………………….………...9 Chapter 1 The therapeutic potential of the targeting the kappa opioid receptor system in stress- associated mental health disorders……………………………….………………………………10 Section 1.1 Activation of the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor system is associated with dysphoria, cognitive disruption, and increased preference for drugs of abuse…………………..13 Section 1.2 Contribution of the dyn/KOR system to substance use disorder, anxiety, and depression………………………………………………………………………………………..15 Section 1.3 KORs are expressed on dorsal raphe serotonin neurons and contribute to stress- induced plasticity with serotonin circuitry……………………………………………………….17 Section 1.4 Kappa opioid receptor expression in the VTA contributes to the behavioral response to stress……………………………………………………………………………………....…..19 Section 1.5 Other brain regions contributing to the KOR-mediated response to stress…………23 Section 1.6 G Protein signaling at the KOR …………………………………………………….25 Chapter 2: JNK-Receptor Inactivation Affects D2 Receptor through both agonist action and norBNI-mediated cross-inactivation
    [Show full text]
  • An Advance About the Genetic Causes of Epilepsy
    E3S Web of Conferences 271, 03068 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127103068 ICEPE 2021 An advance about the genetic causes of epilepsy Yu Sun1, a, *, †, Licheng Lu2, b, *, †, Lanxin Li3, c, *, †, Jingbo Wang4, d, *, † 1The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3633, US 2High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200441, China 3Applied Biology program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6r3b1, Canada 4School of Chemical Machinery and Safety, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China †These authors contributed equally. Abstract: Human hereditary epilepsy has been found related to ion channel mutations in voltage-gated channels (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-), ligand gated channels (GABA receptors), and G-protein coupled receptors, such as Mass1. In addition, some transmembrane proteins or receptor genes, including PRRT2 and nAChR, and glucose transporter genes, such as GLUT1 and SLC2A1, are also about the onset of epilepsy. The discovery of these genetic defects has contributed greatly to our understanding of the pathology of epilepsy. This review focuses on introducing and summarizing epilepsy-associated genes and related findings in recent decades, pointing out related mutant genes that need to be further studied in the future. 1 Introduction Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by 2 Malfunction of Ion channel epileptic seizures caused by abnormal brain activity. 1 in Functional variation in voltage or ligand-gated ion 100 (50 million people) people are affected by symptoms channel mutations is a major cause of idiopathic epilepsy, of this disorder worldwide, with men, young children, and especially in rare genetic forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Channels 3 1
    r r r Cell Signalling Biology Michael J. Berridge Module 3 Ion Channels 3 1 Module 3 Ion Channels Synopsis Ion channels have two main signalling functions: either they can generate second messengers or they can function as effectors by responding to such messengers. Their role in signal generation is mainly centred on the Ca2 + signalling pathway, which has a large number of Ca2+ entry channels and internal Ca2+ release channels, both of which contribute to the generation of Ca2 + signals. Ion channels are also important effectors in that they mediate the action of different intracellular signalling pathways. There are a large number of K+ channels and many of these function in different + aspects of cell signalling. The voltage-dependent K (KV) channels regulate membrane potential and + excitability. The inward rectifier K (Kir) channel family has a number of important groups of channels + + such as the G protein-gated inward rectifier K (GIRK) channels and the ATP-sensitive K (KATP) + + channels. The two-pore domain K (K2P) channels are responsible for the large background K current. Some of the actions of Ca2 + are carried out by Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels and Ca2+-sensitive Cl − channels. The latter are members of a large group of chloride channels and transporters with multiple functions. There is a large family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters some of which have a signalling role in that they extrude signalling components from the cell. One of the ABC transporters is the cystic − − fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that conducts anions (Cl and HCO3 )and contributes to the osmotic gradient for the parallel flow of water in various transporting epithelia.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution of Leading Pacemaker Sites in the Normal, Intact Rat Sinoa
    Supplementary Material Supplementary Figure 1: Spatial distribution of leading pacemaker sites in the normal, intact rat sinoatrial 5 nodes (SAN) plotted along a normalized y-axis between the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena 6 cava (IVC) and a scaled x-axis in millimeters (n = 8). Colors correspond to treatment condition (black: 7 baseline, blue: 100 µM Acetylcholine (ACh), red: 500 nM Isoproterenol (ISO)). 1 Supplementary Figure 2: Spatial distribution of leading pacemaker sites before and after surgical 3 separation of the rat SAN (n = 5). Top: Intact SAN preparations with leading pacemaker sites plotted during 4 baseline conditions. Bottom: Surgically cut SAN preparations with leading pacemaker sites plotted during 5 baseline conditions (black) and exposure to pharmacological stimulation (blue: 100 µM ACh, red: 500 nM 6 ISO). 2 a &DUGLDFIoQChDQQHOV .FQM FOXVWHU &DFQDG &DFQDK *MD &DFQJ .FQLS .FQG .FQK .FQM &DFQDF &DFQE .FQM í $WSD .FQD .FQM í .FQN &DVT 5\U .FQM &DFQJ &DFQDG ,WSU 6FQD &DFQDG .FQQ &DFQDJ &DFQDG .FQD .FQT 6FQD 3OQ 6FQD +FQ *MD ,WSU 6FQE +FQ *MG .FQN .FQQ .FQN .FQD .FQE .FQQ +FQ &DFQDD &DFQE &DOP .FQM .FQD .FQN .FQG .FQN &DOP 6FQD .FQD 6FQE 6FQD 6FQD ,WSU +FQ 6FQD 5\U 6FQD 6FQE 6FQD .FQQ .FQH 6FQD &DFQE 6FQE .FQM FOXVWHU V6$1 L6$1 5$ /$ 3 b &DUGLDFReFHSWRUV $GUDF FOXVWHU $GUDD &DY &KUQE &KUP &KJD 0\O 3GHG &KUQD $GUE $GUDG &KUQE 5JV í 9LS $GUDE 7SP í 5JV 7QQF 3GHE 0\K $GUE *QDL $QN $GUDD $QN $QN &KUP $GUDE $NDS $WSE 5DPS &KUP 0\O &KUQD 6UF &KUQH $GUE &KUQD FOXVWHU V6$1 L6$1 5$ /$ 4 c 1HXURQDOPURWHLQV
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Channels
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1442g5hg Journal British journal of pharmacology, 176 Suppl 1(S1) ISSN 0007-1188 Authors Alexander, Stephen PH Mathie, Alistair Peters, John A et al. Publication Date 2019-12-01 DOI 10.1111/bph.14749 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2019) 176, S142–S228 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels Stephen PH Alexander1 , Alistair Mathie2 ,JohnAPeters3 , Emma L Veale2 , Jörg Striessnig4 , Eamonn Kelly5, Jane F Armstrong6 , Elena Faccenda6 ,SimonDHarding6 ,AdamJPawson6 , Joanna L Sharman6 , Christopher Southan6 , Jamie A Davies6 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK 2Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK 3Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK 4Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 5School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK 6Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties.
    [Show full text]
  • A B C Supplementary Figure 1. Experimental Workflow And
    a c Ion channel activity Midbrain microdissection Cacna1c Cav1.2 Collected material Cacna1d Cav1.3 Cacna1g Cav3.1 SNc Hcn2 HCN2 SNr VTA Hcn4 HCN4 Scn2a1 Nav1.2 + Scn5a Nav1.5 TaqMan assays Scn8a Nav1.6 Kcna2 Kv1.2 Dissociated midbrain neurons Kcnb1 Kv2.1 Kcnd2 Kv4.2 Kcnd3 Kv4.3 Targeted reverse transcription Kcnip3 KCHIP3 and preamplification Kcnj11 Kir6.2 Abcc8 SUR1 Abcc9 SUR2B Fluorescence imaging Kcnj5 GIRK4 Kcnj6 GIRK2 GFP Kcnn3 SK3 DA metabolism & signaling Non-GFP Microfluidic quantitative PCR Th TH Slc6a3 DAT Assays Samples Slc18a2 VMAT2 Pipette harvesting Drd2 D2R Glia-specific markers Gfap GFAP Aldh1l1 FDH Calcium-ion-binding Calb1 CB Pvalb PV Other neuronal markers b 40 Slc17a6 VGLUT2 30 Gad1 GAD67 20 Gad2 GAD65 10 Chat CHAT Cell count 0 Penk ENK 16 GFP Neuronal structure Non-GFP 14 Ncam2 NCAM2 WT 12 Map2 MAP2 10 Nefm NEF3 Th (TH) 8 Neuronal activation x E Creb1 CREB 2 6 g DA neurons Fos C-FOS o 4 L (n=111) Bdnf BDNF 2 nDA neurons Housekeeping/ 0 (n=37) transcriptional factors 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 10 20 30 40 Hprt HGPRT Tbp TBP Log2Ex Slc6a3 (DAT) Cell count Tbx3 TBX3 Supplementary Figure 1. Experimental workflow and classification of DA and nDA neurons. a, schematic showing the workflow for the single-cell gene profiling. Left, neurons were manually collected after acute dissociation from microdissected midbrain slices containing the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata (SNc, SNr) and part of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) obtained from TH-GFP mice.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Topology of Gene Expression Profile in Dopaminergic Neurons
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/168740; this version posted July 26, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Information topology of gene expression profile in dopaminergic neurons 2 Mónica TAPIA PACHECO1,§, Pierre BAUDOT1,§, Martial A. DUFOUR1,2, Christine 3 FORMISANO-TRÉZINY1, Simone TEMPORAL1, Manon LASSERRE1, Jean 4 GABERT1,3, Kazuto KOBAYASHI4 and Jean-Marc GOAILLARD1,5 5 6 1 Unité de Neurobiologie des Canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, INSERM UMR 7 1072, Aix Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, FRANCE 8 2 Current address: NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, 9 NY 10016, USA 10 3 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University Hospital Nord, 11 Marseille, FRANCE 12 4 Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima 13 Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, JAPAN 14 5 Corresponding author 15 § These authors contributed equally to this work 16 17 Author contributions: M.T.P, P.B., C.F.T. and J.M.G. designed research. M.T.P., 18 P.B., C.F.T., M.A.D., S.T., M.L., J.G., K.K. and J.M.G. performed research. M.T.P., 19 P.B., C.F.T. and J.M.G. analyzed data. M.T.P., P.B., C.F.T. and J.M.G. wrote the 20 manuscript. 21 Corresponding author: Jean-Marc GOAILLARD 22 UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine Secteur 23 Nord, Marseille, FRANCE. 24 Email: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/168740; this version posted July 26, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene List of the Targeted NGS MCD and CCA Gene Panel AKT3,ALX1
    Gene List of the targeted NGS MCD and CCA gene panel AKT3,ALX1,ALX3,ALX4,AMPD2,ARFGEF2,ARID1B,ARX,ASPM,ATR,ATRX,B3GALTL,BRPF1,c12orf57,C6orf70,CASK,CCND2,CDK5RAP2,CDON,C ENPJ,CEP170,CHMP1A,COL4A1,CREBBP,CYP11A1,DCHS1,DCLK1,DCX,DHCR24,DHCR7,DIS3L2,DISC1,DISP1,DLL1,DMRTA2,DYNC1H1,DYRK1 A,EARS2,EFNB1,EMX1,EOMES,EP300,ERBB4,ERMARD,EXOSC3,FAM36A,FGF8,FGFR1,FGFR2,FLNA,FOXC1,FOXG1,FOXH1,FZD10,GLI2,GLI3,GP R56,GPSM2,HCCS,HESX1,HNRNPU,IGBP1,IGFBP1,ISPD,ITPA,KAL1,KAT6B,KATNB1,KIAA1279,KIF14,KIF1A,KIF1B,KIF21A,KIF2A,KIF5C,KIF7,L1 CAM,LAMB1,LAMC3,LRP2,MCPH1,MED12,MID1,NDE1,NFIB,NPC1,NR2F1,NSD1,NTRK1,NTRK3,OCEL1,OPA1,OTX2,PAFAH1B1,PAX6,PEX1,PHF1 0,PIK3R2,POLR3A,POLR3B,POMT1,POMT2,PTCH1,PTPRS,PYCR1,RAB3GAP1,RARS2,RELN,RFX3,ROBO1,ROBO3,RPS6KA3,RTTN,SATB2,SEPSEC S,SHH,SIX3,SLC12A6,SOX2,SPOCK1,SRPX2,TBCD,TBCE,TCF4,TDGF1,TEAD1,THBS2,TMEM5,TSC1,TSC2,TSEN15,TSEN2,TSEN34,TSEN54,TUBA1 A,TUBA8,TUBB,TUBB2A,TUBB2B,TUBB3,TUBB4A,TUBG1,VAX1,VRK1,WDR47,WDR62,ZBTB18,ZEB2,ZIC2. Gene List of the targeted NGS epilepsy gene panel AARS, ADGRV1, ADRA2B, ADSL, ALDH4A1, ALDH7A1, ALG13, ALPL, ARHGEF15, ARHGEF9, ARX, ASAH1, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, BRD2, CACNA1A, CACNA1H, CACNA2D2, CACNB4, CBL, CDKL5, CERS1, CHD2, CHRNA2, CHRNA4, CHRNB2, CLCN2, CLCN4, CLN8, CLTC, CNKSR2, CNTNAP2, CPA6, CPLX1, CSNK1G1, CSNK2B, CTNND2, DEPDC5, DHDDS, DNM1, DOCK7, DYNC1H1, EEF1A2, EFHC1, EIF2S3, EMC1, EPM2A, FASN, FLNA, FOXG1, GABBR2, GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA3, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRD, GABRG2, GAL, GNAO1, GOSR2, GRIA1, GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, HCN1, HCN4, HDAC4, HNRNPU, IDH3A, IQSEC2, JRK, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNB1,
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-KCNA5 / Kv1.5 Antibody (ARG40377)
    Product datasheet [email protected] ARG40377 Package: 50 μg anti-KCNA5 / Kv1.5 antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes KCNA5 / Kv1.5 Tested Reactivity Hu Predict Reactivity Bov Tested Application WB Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name KCNA5 / Kv1.5 Antigen Species Human Immunogen Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa. 583-613 of Human KCNA5. (LEKCNVKAKSNVDLRRSLYALCLDTSRETDL) Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names KV1.5; HK2; HPCN1; Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; PCN1; ATFB7; Voltage- gated potassium channel HK2; HCK1; Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.5 Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution WB 0.1 - 0.5 µg/ml Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Calculated Mw 67 kDa Observed Size 67 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Affinity purification with immunogen. Buffer 0.2% Na2HPO4, 0.9% NaCl, 0.05% Sodium azide and 5% BSA. Preservative 0.05% Sodium azide Stabilizer 5% BSA Concentration 0.5 mg/ml Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C or below. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed www.arigobio.com 1/2 before use. Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use. Bioinformation Gene Symbol KCNA5 Gene Full Name potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 5 Background Potassium channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ino channels from both functional and structural standpoints.
    [Show full text]
  • Subcellular Localization of K+ Channels in Mammalian Brain Neurons: Remarkable Precision in the Midst of Extraordinary Complexity
    Neuron Review Subcellular Localization of K+ Channels in Mammalian Brain Neurons: Remarkable Precision in the Midst of Extraordinary Complexity James S. Trimmer1,2,* 1Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior 2Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.042 Potassium channels (KChs) are the most diverse ion channels, in part due to extensive combinatorial assem- bly of a large number of principal and auxiliary subunits into an assortment of KCh complexes. Their structural and functional diversity allows KChs to play diverse roles in neuronal function. Localization of KChs within specialized neuronal compartments defines their physiological role and also fundamentally impacts their activity, due to localized exposure to diverse cellular determinants of channel function. Recent studies in mammalian brain reveal an exquisite refinement of KCh subcellular localization. This includes axonal KChs at the initial segment, and near/within nodes of Ranvier and presynaptic terminals, dendritic KChs found at sites reflecting specific synaptic input, and KChs defining novel neuronal compartments. Painting the remarkable diversity of KChs onto the complex architecture of mammalian neurons creates an elegant pic- ture of electrical signal processing underlying the sophisticated function of individual neuronal compart- ments, and ultimately neurotransmission and behavior. Introduction genes are expressed in distinct cellular expression patterns Mammalian brain neurons are distinguished from other cells by throughout the brain, such that particular neurons express spe- extreme molecular and structural complexity that is intimately cific combinations of KCh a and auxiliary subunits. However, the linked to the array of intra- and intercellular signaling events proteomic complexity of KChs is much greater, as KChs exist as that underlie brain function.
    [Show full text]
  • Microrna-Mediated Downregulation of K+ Channels in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
    MicroRNA-mediated downregulation of K + channels in pulmonary arterial hypertension Item Type Article Authors Babicheva, Aleksandra; Ayon, Ramon J; Zhao, Tengteng; Ek Vitorin, Jose F; Pohl, Nicole M; Yamamura, Aya; Yamamura, Hisao; Quinton, Brooke A; Ba, Manqing; Wu, Linda; Ravellette, Keeley S; Rahimi, Shamin; Balistrieri, Francesca; Harrington, Angela; Vanderpool, Rebecca R; Thistlethwaite, Patricia A; Makino, Ayako; Yuan, Jason X-J Citation Babicheva, A., Ayon, R. J., Zhao, T., Vitorin, J. F. E., Pohl, N. M., Yamamura, A., ... & Ravellette, K. S. (2019). MicroRNA- mediated downregulation of K+ channels in pulmonary arterial hypertension. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. DOI 10.1152/ajplung.00010.2019 Publisher AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC Journal AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY Rights Copyright © 2020 the American Physiological Society. Download date 28/09/2021 04:07:06 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final accepted manuscript Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/637047 1 1 MicroRNA-mediated Downregulation of K+ Channels in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 2 3 Aleksandra Babicheva1,4, Ramon J. Ayon4, Tengteng Zhao1,4, Jose F. Ek Vitorin4, Nicole M. 4 Pohl5, Aya Yamamura6, Hisao Yamamura7, Brooke A. Quinton4, Manqing Ba4, Linda Wu4, 5 Keeley S. Ravellette4, Shamin Rahimi1, Francesca Balistrieri1, Angela Harington1, Rebecca R. 6 Vanderpool4, Patricia A. Thistlethwaite3, Ayako Makino2,4, and Jason X-J. Yuan1,4,5* 7 8 1Section of Physiology,
    [Show full text]