10284 I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 12

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

A Bill To Reopen NSLI For 1 Year Based upon information that has been In a globe of shrinking horizons, then, the available to all Members of Congress­ creation of sound policies in these and other areas, will be necessary to maintain peace, to EXTENSION OF REMARKS page 8296, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of May 14-it is my understanding that neither promo~ U.S. progress and security and to OF fulfill promise of a brighter future, here in the President nor the Administrator of Wisconsin and around the Nation. HON. FRANK KOWALSKI Veterans' Affairs is opposed to this re­ OF CONNECl'ICUT opening legislation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, June 12, 1962 Address by Hon. Homer Thornberry to Mr. KOWALSKI. Mr. Speaker, I in­ Progress of Major Legislation in Congress the Conference of Executives of the troduce, for appropriate reference, a bill American Schools for the Deaf, Austin, to amend title 38 of the United States EXTENSION OF REMARKS Tex., April 1, 1962 Code to permit, for 1 year, the grant­ OF ing of national service life insurance. Several bills are presently pending in HON. ALEXANDER WILEY EXTENSION OF REMARKS the House Committee on Veterans' Af­ OF WISCONSIN OF fairs to restore the right for insurable, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES HON. JOHN W. DAVIS and service-disabled veterans of World Tuesday, June 12, 1962 War II and of the Korean conflict to pick OF GEORGIA up their national service life insurance Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, in a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES protection. This right was abruptly dis­ weekend address over Wisconsin radio Tuesday, June 12, 1962 continued on April 25, 1951-Public Law stations, I was privileged to discuss the 23, 82d Congress-without adequate no­ progress of major legislation in Con­ Mr. JOHN W. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker, tice to permit World War II veterans to gress. I ask unanimous consent to have I should like to call to the attention of protect their interest. Veterans of the excerpts of the address printed in the the membership of this body the very Korean conflict, for the most part, had RECORD. excellent address which was delivered only 120 days after separation from the There being no objection, the excerpts by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. service to purchase NSLI, and this right were ordered to be printed in the REC­ THORNBERRY] to the Conference of Ex­ was discontinued effective January 1, ORD, as follows: ecutives of the American Schools for the Deaf at Austin, Tex., on April 1, 1962: 1957. In addition to readjustment prob­ PROCESS OF MAJOR LEGISLATION IN CONGRESS lems, few Korean veterans chose to take During this get-together, I would like to ADDRESS BY MR. THORNBERRY out the very limited type of NSLI then review the progress of legislation in Congress. Dr. Edgar, Mr. President, Mr. Grace, mem­ offered them since it was nonparticipat­ Frankly, this has been a slow-moving ses­ bers of the Conference of American Schools ing and nonconvertible at that time. sion. Now, well past the usual midway mark, for the Deaf, my friends of long standing We are all familiar with the impasse despite a tremendous workload of legislation, who are and have been members of the the record of accomplishment is nothing to faculty and of the alumni of the Texas that has developed between the Senate School for the Deaf, I appreciate the very Finance Committee and the House Com­ write home about. For example, of several major appropria­ generous introduction which Dr. Edgar has mittee on Veterans' Affairs with tion bills-for Treasury, Interior, Post Qftlce, been good enough to give me. reference to reopening NSLI for a legislative branch, Defense Department, Dr. Edgar is one of our State's outstand­ limited period, and a bill approved by Health, Education, and Welfare, and other ing leaders in the field of education. As the House on April 2, 1962-H.R.. 10743- agencies-on which action is needed prior to commissioner of education in Texas he has to provide a very modest increase in the the beginning of the new fiscal year on July been a warm friend of the deaf and of the compensation rates for war veterans suf­ 1, only one has been enacted into law. Texas School for the Deaf. It has been my privilege to have known him as a friend fering from service-incurred disabilities. I_n addition, there is a heavy ~genda of other legislation, much of which is strongly when he first came to Austin as superin­ I firmly believe that this impasse tendent of the Austin Schools. I am grate­ should be eliminated at the earliest Pos­ controversial, including proposals for revi­ sion of our tax laws, liberalization of recipro­ ful that he would take the time here tonight sible moment. One way of breaking this cal trade agreements, medical care for the and present me to you. logjam would be for the House Veterans' aging, a changed farm program, revision of May I acknowledge the· presence of the Affairs Committee to hold hearings and postal rates, mutual security for strength­ fine people with whom I am privileged to be vote an NSLI reopening bill out of com­ ening free-world defenses, and other meas­ associated at Gallaudet College. We have mittee. I am convinced that the large ures. a splendid delegation from Gallaudet and I majority of my colleagues in the House Despite 1962 being a campaign year, the know you will enjoy knowing them better. would welcome the opportunity to be · outlook is not only for longer than usual, One of the great privileges I have is serv­ permitted to vote in favor of such a pro­ but also an e;xtraordinarily busy session of ing with unselfish, public spirited men on Congress. the board of directors of Gallaudet College. posal. I am sure that the some 16 mil­ I am particularly pleased that Dr. Boyce lion veterans who might. be affected The challenges are too great and the times too critical, for just political expediency. Williams is with us here. He is an outstand­ would welcome such a move. Consequently, we will need to stay on the job ing alumnus of Gallaudet and is the alumni I, therefore, take this means to ask the until the work of the Congress is effectively member of the board. He renders a valuable chairman of the House Veterans' Affairs finished. service to Gallaudet as a member of the Committee to seriously consider the board and to the deaf in his important ca­ plight of our war-disabled veterans and CHALLENGES AROUND THE GLOBE pacity as consultant, deaf and hard of hear­ Around the globe, also, we are confronted ing, Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, De­ their dependents who are being penal­ by great problems and challenges, the out­ partment of Health, Education, and Welfare. ized, through no fault of their own come of which may well affect us individµ• Dr. Leonard M. Elstad, president of the simply because the full membership of ally and as a nation. college, is here for the conference. He is the House is not being given an oppor­ Significant among these are the following: making a splendid contribution not only to tunity to vote on this wanted and needed 1. Confrontations with the Communists, Gallaudet in its program of higher educa­ legislation. If the House is given such on all fronts, where right or wrong moves tion for the deaf but he is also doing an an opportunity, I am sure the result will can mean peace or war; outstanding job of public relations for Gal­ be to break the existing logjam and thus 2. The creation of a common market in laudet and the deaf of the Nation. It is most speed Senate action on the sorely needed Western Europe (a) which not only is an fortunate that we have Dr. Elstad's leader­ compensation increase legislation for the economic bulwark against communism, but ship in this field. I have great personal con­ (b) requires substantial, and some, in­ fidence in his administration and in the service disabled, and reopening of na­ cluding the United States, will participate in work he is doing. tional service life insurance for the pro­ or be frozen out of the market: According to the program and the invita­ tection of families of World War II and 3. Strengthening free world alliances; and tion from Mr. Grace, my assignment is to Korean veterans at premium rates these 4. Maintaining a strong, solvent, forward­ deliver the keynote address of the con­ veterans can afford to pay. striding country. ference. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10285 I must confess that this is my first experi­ been elected to the Congress and Mrs. While you will spend time Thursday morn­ ence with a keynote address to be delivered Thornberry, the children, my mother and I ing in a discussion of Public Law 87-276, to an important conference such as yours. were getting ready to go to Washington, Dr. which authorizes grants for the training of I am somewhat famlliar with keynote ad­ Blattner came out to our house. He came teachers for the deaf, I would like brle1ly to dresses which have ~en delivere~ to politi­ walking down the sidewalk to our door, tell­ refer to it here, if I may. cal conventions. I have never been sure ing me that he expected me to go on the All of us realize the great need for trained that some of those I have' heard made much board of directors of Gallaudet College. I teachers of the deaf. The enactment of this of a contribution to the success of the par­ was not at all sure that I understood him. law will certainly help to meet this need. tic\,\lar conventions to which they have beeil I had heard, of course, of Gallaudet, but .I You will be glad· to know that the Con­ ' delivered. And I hasten to point out that had no idea that I could be a member of its gress has already appropriated $1,500,000 to my degree of entr_usiasm for such speeches Board. He explained to me that two Mem­ be allocated during this fiscal year ending has not depended entirely on which political bers of the Congress and one from the U.S. in July 1962, for use during the school year, party was holding the convention. Senate served on the Board. As soon .as I 1962-63. This week the House provided an I am told that such keynote addresses came to Congress, I called Dr. Elstad but I additional $1,500,000 for the next fiscal year. are necessary to arouse the enthusiasm of found there were already two Members of I do not believe it is necessary for me to go the rank .and file members of the political Congress on the Board. A short time later, into the procedure which will be followed in convention and to exhort the faithful. in 1949, a vacancy occurred. I went to my making grants for scholarships and for sup­ . Certainly those of you who are here for dear friend, the great and revered Speaker port to those sch9ols which will train these this conference must be counted as the faith­ Sam Rayburn, who readily agreed to appoint new teachers since that will apparently be tul in the great, important, and little-noticed me to the Board where I have been proud to discussed next Thursday. program of the deaf. I hope that in some serve ever since. At the same time it must· be heartening small way I am able to make some contribu­ Many of you here at this conference are to you to know that the Congress has recog­ tion which wm start this most worthwhile extremely interested in Gallaudet College nized this great need and that there is now conference on the right road. and know of the progress which we have at last a program which can meet that neetl. When Mr. -Grace asked me last fall to be been .able to make in the building program I could not close this speech without pay­ with you at this ~nference I was glad to at Gallaudet. ?erhaps some of you have ing a deserved tribute to those of you who accept. I was glad to accept not only be­ visited the campus recently and have seen have dedicated your very lives to the educa­ cause of my lifelong interest in the deaf the great change which has been brought tion of the deaf of this Nation. and their education, but because I wanted about in the last 10 years. The first new construction, I believe. was in 1952 and Of course, it seems at times that your the opportunity to meet with those of you efforts receive little recognition outside of who have the great responsibillty of provid­ 1953 when the Congress appropriated $131,- 000 for the construction of an annex to Ken­ the institutions which you serve. Too .often, ing the leadership in the education of the the pay is not commensurate wlth the tre­ deaf, and to express my appreciation to you dall School. Incidentally, this was the first new construction on the campus of Gal­ mendous tasks you perform. for the dedicated service you are rendering Yet, when we see the tremendous progress 'not_only to the deaf of this Nation but to laudet · College since 1917 when the girls' dormitory, Fowler Hall, was completed. which has taken place in the field of the all of the people of this country. education of the deaf in the last few years I am the product of the educa·tion of the After the annex to Kendall School was completed, the new library was constructed and when we know that we will see greater deaf. After all, what my parents knew and opportunities for research and improvement learned came from those like you who are in 1955. You may recall that the alumni of Gallaudet College furnished the inspira­ in methods of education of the deaf in the dedicated to the teaching of the deaf. In coming years, the challenge to you must turn, they became teachers of the deaf. tion for this building by giving $141,000 for this purpose. To this amount was added seem inspiring indeed. As has been indicated, I am the son of As you proceed in your deliberations in deaf parents. Here at this school where we $250,000, the ~mount appropriated by the Congress. this conference, 1: hope you will accept the meet tonight my mother and father came challenge--an acceptance which is required ·many years ago for their education. Later, To show you what has happened at Gal­ if we are to serve our belov~d country in both of them devoted a major part of their laudet since 1949, I would like to point out that in 1949, the Congress appropriated this day and time--the challenge to rise lives in helping to teach deaf children. Here above the temptation to be satisfied with ·they met, married, .and made their first $393,805 for salaries and expenses. In the .appropriation bill for fiscal year 1963 which mediocre education of the deaf. This is ·a home just across the avenue on which this luxury which our Nation can no longer af­ campus fronts. I was born in that home and the House has just passed, is provided the sum of $1,410,000 for salaries and expenses. ford whether we talk about education of the spent many hours in play on this campus. deaf or the education of the hearing. I used the sign language before I learned Again, in 1949, enrolled in Gallaudet were to talk vocally. The first friends I ever knew 200 students and 9 graduate students. En­ This seems to be a time when trouble and were deaf. Some of the oldest and most loyal rolled now are 464 students and 28 graduate turmoil exist throughout the world. friends I ever had were deaf. While there students. Anticipated for next fall are 593 One cannot look at a newspaper without are few of them left on this earth. my family students and 40 graduate students. I am recognizing that in many parts of the world and I never had better or more understand­ sure you will agree with me that Gallaudet people are uneasy and in confl.lct. What ing friends than those with whom my father has made great progress. happens in Laos, in West Berlin, in Africa, and mother were assoicated at this school for Along with this has come, of course, more in South America, yes, and even in outer more than half a century. budget control by the Bureau of the Budget. space, affects you and me and our children. I believe I have had as good an opportu­ The college has been required in order to Sometimes each of us is tempted to say nity to observe deaf people as anyone. I obtain these funds and these buildings to that we cannot do anything about these have known the deaf as parents. I have had change its method of sc!:.olarships to stu­ problems--that the deaf child cannot do an opportunity to observe them as teachers, dents. Properly, the Bureau of the Budget anything about these problems. There is one and I have also seen them engaged in almost feels that the college should require parents thing each of us can do--and that is-to do every type of vocation known to man, and I of these students to contribute to their chil­ the best we can in our.job--in our individual know them as patriotic and honorable dren's education to the extent they are able. sphere--in the performance of our own re­ c.itizens. From your program I note that you will sponsibility. I need not tell you that the deaf possess spend tomorrow afternoon in a review of This Nation and the .free world are in more determination and perseverance than research. It seems to me that this is im­ great need of the talents of every person. the average. As you know, they seem to have portant. I am ·glad that at Gallaudet a And in times when you feel diecouraged a fierce determination that their children great deal of emphasis is being placed on by the obstacles, the problems, and the diffi­ shall grow up as upright and honorable peo­ research into deafness and I know Dr. Frisina culties with which you are faced in your ple and receive the best education possible. will give you a good report on what ls being responsibllities in the field of education of I am proud of my heritage as a son of deaf done in this field. Let me also call atten­ the deaf, let us not forget what the Ma&ter parents. tion to the Counseling Center for the Deaf said about how we would be judged on His You know one can never tell what might which was established by Gallaudet College return to this earth. You will remember happen because of background and associa­ under the terms of a U.S. Office of Vocational we are not to be judged by the power we tion. Dr. J. W. Blattner was a long time Rehabilitation demonstration project. obtain, the prestige we achieve, or the wealth teacher of the deaf and administrator in Those of us who have a direct responsi­ we accumulate. You will recall that He this field. Some of you may have known bility for Gallaudet College are proud of will come in all His glory with His holy an­ him. He taught here at this school, was what has been accomplished, but we are not gels and sit on His throne. Then we will its principal, and later served as superin­ satisfied. We want to accomplish even more be gathered before Him and we will be sep­ tendent of the Oklahoma School for the for the deaf in the days to come. We want arated as a shepherd divides his sheep from Deaf. My mother thought he was one of your help and your support. After all, nei­ the goats. And on His rlght will be gathered the greatest men who ever lived. Many ther the college nor your school exists for the eheep and on His left the goats. And times during our lifetime she would tell me the benefit of board members, administra­ He will bless those on His right and say what Dr. Blattner had told her about some tors, faculty, or the alumni. They must they are to inherit the Kingdom prepared given experience and would quote what he serve the welfare of the deaf children who from the foundation of the world because said as "doctrine." are to become like those who have gone be­ · when they fed the hungered, gave drink to · After he retired, he and Mrs. Blattner fore them, useful and worthwhile citizens the thirsty, clothed the naked, took. in the moved. back to Austin. After I had first of our Republic. stranger, and came to the sick and those 10286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June.·-12 in prison, the least of His brethren, they awarded today by Salem College. It is a change. Many instances of known decline dld it unto Him. proud hour, also, for your loved ones and and extinction of animal species include the This is the judgment to which you and for the' faculty and patrons of the college. Arizona elk, the great auk, the Labrador those associated with you in a noble cause To me, you are more than a graduating class. duck, the passenger pigeon, - the Carolina are entitled and certainly will receive if you You are part of that gallant throng, the parakeet, the _Eskimo curlew, and the health carry out the challenge which is yours. countless thousands of this year's college hen. Species which have a perilously low May this conference serve to inspire you ·and university graduates. You are about to level are the sea otter, the ivory-billed wood­ in your answer to that challenge. move into the mainstream of life, into the pecker, the white-winged dove, the trum­ Thank you. bloodstream of this Nation's existence. You peter swan, and the California condor. At will add much to its reservoir of mental, one time in the early years of this century physical, and i:;piritual resources.· You will the American bison came close to extinction, be a mighty transfusion of imagination, vi­ because man brought changes to its environ­ tality, and power. ment, specifically, the high-powered, long­ U.S. Senator Robert S. Kerr Honored by To reach this point of departure, this sta­ range rifle, with which it could not compete. Salem College With Degree of Doctor tion of achievement and opportunity, re­ Man himself changed his rules and laws to quired great devotion and great effort on protect the buffalo. In more recent times, of Humanities your part. Only the diligent and dedicated changes in public policy designed to pro­ drink fully at the fountain of knowledge. tect the majestic whooping crane have been EXTENSION OF REMARKS Here at Salem, the fountain flows freely. put into effect. D111gence and dedication are here in great Our scientists have found, through the OF abundance. study of fossils, that many types of plant HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH . Yes, this college has grown and developed life have vanished, and others have flour­ as the needs of the community, the State, ished and multiplied, because of changes in OF WEST VIRGINIA and the Nation have grown and developed. climate or other environmental factors. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The record, in this instance, goes back to Among plants, the most famous example of 1886. The founders of Salem College saw it Tuesday, June 12, 1962 a living fossil is the ginkgo tree, the only re­ as an instrument to attain the best possible maining species of the once widespread or­ Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, our utilization of the human and physical re­ der of Ginkgaloes abundant in ages long colleague, ROBERT S. KERR, the senior sources for the development of the com­ past. The ginkgo would probably have been Senator from Oklahoma, was awarded munity, the state, and the Nation. extinct in recent centuries were it not for The productive and creative character of the protection of man in the temple gardens the honorary degree of doctor of hu­ the faith of the founders of Salem College of the Orient. manities by Salem College at commence­ is evidenced by you who are graduating Governments which have failed to meet ment exercises in West Virginia on Fri­ today. the changing or expanding requirements of day, June 8. There have been many changes on this people have been defeated, overthrown, or It was my privilege to present Senator campus down through the years; changes in destroyed. KERR for this honor, serving in my ca­ curriculum, changes in emphasis, changes Perhaps it would not be too facetious to pacity as a member of the board of di­ for the better. The philosopher Heraclitus point out that, as a U.S. Senator, I try to in 513 B.C. said, "There is nothing permanent keep this in mind. Principles do not change, rectors of the splendid institution of except change." but policies do, and I change my approach higher learning with a student enroll­ To organize and develop human ap.d phys­ to the problems of Government sometimes, ment of more than 750 young men and ical resources for the betterment of our lest the people of Oklahoma decide to young women from our State and sev­ world, the inevitability of change must be change a Senator. eral other States and some foreign taken into account. Physical resources In West Virginia, I am sure, the same rule countries. change. Human beings change-constantly holds. for the better, we hope. But the basic re­ In Washington every day we see changes in President Duane Hurley and T. Ed­ source which God made available to man policies and approach proposed which would ward Davis, president of the governing does not change. have far-reaching consequences for us all. board, assisted in the impressive cere­ The Apostle Paul summarized our spir­ Our system of government is built upon a monies of degree granting. Col. Paul G . itual resources in three enduring and cher­ philosophy of constant change and improve­ Benedum, president of the Claude ished words: Faith, hope, and ·charity. ment. Worthington Benedum Foundation and a True, the great apostle named three hu­ The story of ancient Egypt, 4,000 or 5,000 leader in the oil and gas industry, spoke man manifestations-hope and charity, in years ago, may be taken as the classic model addition to faith. And he told us, "The of a government incapable of change. The at the graduation exercises and also at greatest of these is charity." Yet we know god-Pharaohs, by the very nature of their the dinner in Clarksburg, on the evening there would be neither hope nor charity attitude toward their office, could not be before, at a dinner in recognition of without faith. reasoned with, nor enter into negotiations the welcome guest. Faith blesses no creature save man. as equals with other powers. Compromise Mr. President, the more than 800 citi­ Therefore, I would pay tribute to faith and in any form was the one thing a Pharaoh zens present at commencement were ap­ particularly the strongest and most vital could not accept. Hence, the great Egyptian faith-that oft.he human being in God. Of rulers, able as they were, were shackled by preciative of the Senator's remarks. such faith is born courage; undying and an outlook on life that ultimately proved That others, including the Members of immutable courage. their downfall. They were mighty military · Congress, may read this challenge, I ask The most deadly enemy to human happi­ conquerors, but their governments were built unanimous consent to include the speech, ness is fear: Fear of the present, fear of the on blind force. and to have printed in the CONGRES­ future, fear of the known, fear of the un­ Thousands of years later Napoleon made SIONAL RECORD my words in presenting known. Faith smashes the shackles of fear, the same mistake. He should have known Senator KERR fo:- the degree. frees us from its imprisonment, replaces its that the basic essential ingredient to na­ paralysis with unlimited power. tional unity and strength is brotherhood and There being no objection, the address Yes, I am grateful for the unexcelled bless­ mutual tolerance. Napoleon did consolidate and remarks were ordered to be printed ing of faith-in our God, in our country, in much of the gains of the great political rev­ in the RECORD, as follows: our free institutions, in ourselves. olution of 1789; he left his people a fine UTILIZING HUMAN AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES Reinforced and fortified by faith, we can code of law, but he failed, in the words of live safely ap.d happily amid the astonishing another great French soldier, Foch, to per­ (By Senator ROBERT S. KERR, of Oklahoma, realities of today and face the fabulous pre­ ceive that man is not above his Creator, and Salem College, Salem, W. Va., commence­ dictables of tomorrow. We can also antici­ in the end his countrymen turned against ment exercises, June 8, 1962) pate the astounding unpredictables of the him like a Roman mob on a wounded gladi­ Senator RANDOLPH, President Hurley, hon­ unknown future with unshakable serenity. ator, and his empire is now one with Nineveh ored guests, facutly members, graduates, Thus, priceless unchanging faith endures and Tyre. and degree earners of 1962, ladies, and gen­ and enables us to live on in a world of con­ The bough which cannot bend is broken, tlemen, thank you. stant change. the vessel which cannot adjust to its freezing To be present at a commencement exer­ Throughout all history those beings and contents, bursts. cise is always a great privilege. I am sin­ things which have resisted and refused ari­ We will all agree, I am sure. that the world cerely grateful for this opportunity to meet justment to change have been destroyed or of today changes with awesome speed. The and visit with this handsome and impressive have vanislied. advancement of science and technology pro­ assemblage, the 1962 graduates of this fine Animals and vegetation which could not ceeds at ever-increasing speed, creating pres­ college and their families and friends. adjust have become extinct. The mighty sure and strain on statesmen and political I am grateful because it gives me an oppor­ mastodons, the fearsome dinosaurs which philosophies geared to a slower pace. More tunity to gain inspiration and to renew my once majestically roamed and dominated efficient machines of transportation and com­ hopes and my faith in the future. the earth, ceased to exist eons and eons munications bring us new comforts and con­ This is a proud and unforgettable hour for ago. Why? They could neither change nor veniences. They also create more complicat­ those of you who earned the degrees being adjust to an environment which required ed political and moral problems. 1962 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10287 This past 16 months, since I became chair­ an impersonal vein, did not use the old re­ faith-changes not at all. I bid you: Keep man of the. Senate Space Committee: I have liable chemistry of soap and water· to spruce the faith-faith, the one resource that gives come to understand better the great forces up for this big event? Even now, the peo­ value to all resources. for change that are at work in today's world. ple of the United States, with the help of The President's special message to the Con­ their scientific experts, have launched a REMARKS OF SENATOR JENNINGS RANDOLPH gress in May of last year pointed up the project to preserve-and to spruce up, so to DEMOCRAT, OF WEST VIRGINIA, IN PRESENT~ situation. Who would have dreamed, only speak-the remnants of ancient Egyptian art ING THE HONORABLE ROBERT S. KERR, U.S. a few short years ago, that a President of the and artifacts that are about to be inundated SENATOR FROM OKLAHOMA, FOR THE HONOR­ United States would urge us all to join in a by the huge new reservoirs on the upper ARY DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF HUMANITIES AT national effort to send a manned ex­ reaches of the Nile. COMMENCEMENT OF SALEM COLLEGE, SALEM, pedition to the moon in this decade? Who But it is the art of Christian logic, the w. VA., JUNE 8, 1962 could have understood then, though we all fundamental truths derived from faith in understand him well today, had he said in God, that will save and preserve this Nation. President Hurley, members of the board 1952 that such an effort would mean "in a This is the art of thinking and feeling which, and the faculty, men and women of the class very real sense, it will not be one man going if we are· fortunate, we learn from infancy of 1962, and cherished friends, we live in a to the moon-it will be an entire Nation. from God-fearing mothers and fathers. The world beset by tension and change; yet there For an of us must work to put him there." art of brotherly love transcends all other, it are also challenge and faith. Perhaps never What a challenge we face. What an ex­ finds constant expression in the friendly before have we faced such far-reaching prob­ citing adventure. Already we have been smile, the warm handshake, the understand­ lems or been threatened by such awful con­ dazzled by the amazing achievements of our ing word. sequences should we fail. In the span of scientists, not only those engaged in manned This art, then, the art of Christian living, 60 years we have seen transition from a space programs, but by the researchers who has reached an alltime high in our Nation. horse and buggy, gaslight economy to one have developed new medicines and medical Never in the recorded history of mankind of moonshots, orbital flights, and vast tech­ · techniques, new products designed to make have human values been held so high as they - nological growth. And the need for continu­ our food more plentiful · and more enjoy­ are held to day in the United States of ing expansion has never been more pro­ able, our clothing more serviceable, our America. nounced. homes more comfortable. I predict that the We take pride in the loving care with We are locked in an international struggle greatly expanding research in the life which we conduct our civic campaigns for with Communist forces, and therefore cannot sciences now underway on many fronts will our numerous charitable institutions, our afford a lapse in our development. To do result in a 10-year extension of the average youth organizations, our cultural activities. so would be to encourage some other nation lifespan of the people of this country, within Our churches are at the core of our society, to attain economic or technological superi­ your lifetimes. and the political institutions which protect ority, thereby placing us at tremendous dis­ Consider our food production for a mo­ our freedoms, our rights as individuals, and advantage in the cold war, and threatening ment. Here in this great country, only 1 our opportunities for development, could our national security. As a consequence, worker in 10 is now engaged in producing not exist without their fundamental, spirit­ this is the time to use the capabilities with food, feed, and fiber, yet we have vast sur­ ual ingredient. which we have been blessed. pluses of many commodities. Behind the The most stupendous physical struggle in The theme of this week of commencement Iron and Bamboo Curtains the picture is all history ·is now ·being waged between the activities is "Utilization of Resources for far· different. Regimentation and brute force two most powerful .nations of all times. World Betterment." The Member of the are no substitutes for the freedom which Soviet Russia and the United States are Senate of the United States who well per­ -gives our farmers initiative and enterprise. spending tens of billions of dollars each year sonifies that worthy aim is the forthright Simple statistics prove this, for in the com­ building more deadly engines of human de­ senior Senator from Oklahoma. His life, munistic world 7 out of 10 workers are en­ struction-what an awesome tragedy. What embodying service to citizen and country, gaged in agriculture, yet food is short and a glorious world we could build if these bil­ success in business and public affairs, and millions starve. Escape seems their only lions and this effort could be used, under depth of character and personal conviction, salvation. God, for the betterment of mankind instead bears eloquent testimony not only to his .rt has become crystal clear that many of of for his possible destruction . own talent and initiative-which are truly the research projects underway in connec­ The good scientist knows better than the unmeasurable-but also to the yet free so­ tion with space exploration will lead to crea­ artist, perhii,ps, that scientific roots of the ciety in which we live, and the opportunities tion of new industries, businesses, products, tree of knowledge would rot and die but for its holds for the individual. and services. Certainly, this new age of the spiritual blossoms that grace its ROBERT S. KERR once was a magazine sales­ discovery will have profound effects upon our - branches. The English biologist, Thomas man, but now he has reached an eminent educational system. Learning must be em­ Huxley, listed the changes that would have position in the world of industry. This stal­ phasized more and more, and you who re­ to occur before we could dispense with art. wart American was born in a log cabin and ceive diplomas here today are aware, I am He said: "When men no longer love nor hate; reared on a farm, but today he is among sure, that your learning must and will con­ when suffering causes no pity, and the tale the most respected and infiuential leaders tinue throughout your lives. of great deeds ceases to thrill, when the lily of this Republic. He is wisely utilizing his To meet the needs of our complex eco­ of the field shall seem no longer more beauti­ resources. nomic system, plus the burdens this Nation fully arrayed than Solomon in all his glory, The man whom we hood this morning has assumed as the leader of the free world and the awe has vanished from the snow­ with the degree of doctor of humanities has and the protector of the peace of the entire capped peak and deep ravine, then indeed ably served his State and Nation in posi­ world, many of you will continue your for­ science may have the world to itself, but it tions of challenge and responsibility for mal education. Highly specialized, highly will not be because the monster has devoured more than two decades. After a term as trained people are needed in many fields. art, but because one side of human nature is Governor of Oklahoma for 4 years, he was Just how complex and demanding our needs dead, and because men have lost the half of elected to the Senate of the United States are was spelled out for the Congress. recently their ancient and present attributes." in 1948, and reelected in 1954 and· 1960. by Dr. James Van Allen, the famous Iowa These are reassuring words. Man does love Senator KERR is respected by his colleagues physicist who discovered the radiation belt justice still, and despises injustice and tyr­ for his demonstrated ability to develop a around the earth that bears his name. Dr. anny. Tales of great deeds do thrill us, and penetrating analysis of legislation-a qual­ Van Allen said that the graduate schools of the lily of the field still charms us more ity which is an aid to sound consideration the universities of this Nation now are train­ than the glitter of manmade chromium. and solution of entangling problems. Like­ ing only about a dozen persons a year who Beauties of nature, the snowy peak, the ma­ wise, he is known as one who has no peers qualify for doctor's degrees covering the en­ jestic prairie and the quiet ravine, these and in debate. His colleagues admire him as an tire range of the space sciences. all other evidences of God's artful grace, astute and highly successful manager of leg­ I have spoken much about science and were never in greater demand. The beauty islation in committees of the Senate and in technology and how it affects our future, but of nature is the chief delight of man, be he the forum of the Senate. I would not want to leave the impression or she a scientist in a laboratory, a worker Throughout his courageous career in pub­ that I consider science and technology the in the field or mill, the professional or busi­ lic service Senator KERR has demonstrated a highest or even the ultimate goals of man­ ness man or woman, or the homemaker. rare understanding of the vital importance kind. The unchanging nature of man with his re­ of conservation, and has promoted vigorous Look about you, young friends, and ob­ source of faith, and the unchanging truth of action to insure that natural resources are serve yourselves. Each of you, each scrubbed his God in heaven, give us a yardstick by not wasted, but are placed to the best pos­ and shining individual, represents a glorious which to measure the constant changes sible -use. He brings this same conscientious combination of science and art. I look into wrought by nature and by knowledge. My awareness to his chairmanship of the Sen­ the lovely faces of the young women of this father used to paraphrase a verse or two ate Committee on Aeronautical and Space graduating class, and into the handsome from Proverbs: "By knowledge, God created Sciences-a group which will have mounting faces of the young men, and am reminded the heavens and earth." infiuence upon this Nation's participation once more that the art of Christian living ·By knowledge, linked to his unshakable in the enlargement of.known environmental remains our basic and ultimate objective. faith in God, man will marshal his physical frontiers. He is the ranking majority mem­ Science is the willing handmaiden of all art, resources and man will inherit the earth. ber of both the Finance Committee and the including the art of living. What young The knowledge that enables us to utilize our Committee on Public Works. No other leg­ man and woman among you, I might ask in resources may change, but the rock of ages- islator holds such high rank on three major 10288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 12 Senate committees. Senator KERR is recog­ Thee for memory and for the vital part it knowledge is used constructively and not nized for his regular attendance at commit­ plays in life. As we remember the yester­ for the purpose of destroying others and tee meetings. It is added testimony to his days, we are mindful of the faith of our ourselves also. Lieutenant Colonel Glenn ex­ genius that he is able to flt so many exact­ forefathers and their willingness to risk all, presses it beautifully in these words: "As our ing activities into a demanding schedule. that here we might have a land of freedom, knowledge of the universe in which we live Meaningful as have been the accomplish­ where everyone might worship God accord­ increases, may God grant us the wisdom ments of our noted and influential guest, a ing to the dictates of their conscience. and guidance to use it wisely," simple story from his personal life will As we pause to remember those who have Universal peace is the goal toward which reveal the true force of character and insight gone before, we are mindful and grateful for all must strive. It is essential, however, which he so richly possesses, and for which their devotion and the efforts they put forth that in a democratic society we remain free Salem College honors him. It illustrates to give us this great and wonderful coun­ and to maintain that freedom we must fight BoB KERR'S regard for his fellow man, and try of freedom and opportunity. We re­ and die if need be as did those millions of his firm belief that ultimate success lies in member those, O God, who have struggled valiant Americans to whom we pay tribute the development of our own personal re­ and died on fields of battle to protect and on this Memorial Day. As we pause to do sources. preserve those things which have contrib­ this, may we not merely make it another While Governor of Oklahoma and on a uted so much to make this a great, grand, holiday, but a day of rededication for all tour of the State prisons, Senator KERR and glorious nation. Help us, O God, to Americans. The price of preserving freedom learned of a Negro murderer who was seek­ hold aloft the torch they have handed us. in the past has been appalling, yet all ing parole. The man had established an We pray, 0 God, that we may give ourselves would pale into insignificance should the outstanding conduct record in prison, and with might and main, devotion and untir­ existing armed might of the world be had taken up the ministry, attempting to ing effort, to prove ourselves worthy of that brought into action. bring the words of God to fellow inmates. which we have received from those who have Out of World War I came this clear call to Convinced that the prisoner was worthy of gone on before. Help us, O God, to give you and to me: an opportunity to serve the community, and. ourselves in untiring effort and with every to repay in more positive terms the debt he devotion to keep this country great and to "We are the dead. owed society, the Governor became instru­ pass the torch of freedom and opportunity, Take up our quarrel with the foe. mental in securing his parole. burning brightly, to those who wm follow To you from falling hands we throw When released, the man was offered em­ after us in the tomorrows. The torch, be yours to hold it high. ployment in the Governor's house with truly 0 God, bless the speaker of this hour. If ye break faith with us who die heartwarming results. Not only did this re­ We shall not sleep, though poppies grow Help him to bring to us that truth which In Flanders fields." habilitated individual loyally serve until his will make us more grateful, more loyal, and death, but he continued in the ministry, ris­ more helpful citizens of this great and Almost one-half century has passed since ing to a position of responsibility in his de­ glorious Nation. May the ceremonies of this we received that command. We have had nomination and exerting a worthwhile and hour be a fitting tribute to those who have two terrible and devastating wars. The vet­ lasting influence for good. helped to make this country great, an honor erans of World Wax II and Korea replied in Because BOB KERR envisioned in this hu­ to Thee, 0 God, and a blessing to all who these words: man being a dedication, a determination, a have assembled. This we pray in the name potential, a resource--the man became, not of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. "Sleep on ye brave a bitter reminder of life within prison walls, Your flaming torch aloft we bear. but a constant beneficial force in the lives of My remarks made on the occasion of With burning heart an oath we swear his neighbors. Surely this is utmzation of this Memor~a~ Day follow: To keep the faith, to fight it through To crush the foe or sleep with you resources at the highest level. ME~ORIAL DAY 1962 And so, with knowledge of hls conscien­ In Flanders fields." tious service to his country, with respect for One of the bloody conflicts of the Civil War was the Battle of Shiloh. It was fought It ls our grave responsibility to see to it hls courage ln upholding the sacred ideals of that never again shall more sleep "in Flan­ our democracy, and with gratitude for his April 6-7, 1862, and pitted 37,000 Con­ federate troops against 55,000 Union soldiers. ders fields." example as friend and humanitarian, and Do we actually and sincerely appreciate the Christian statesman, we welcome the senior It was in this battle the Confederate gen­ eral, Albert Sidney Johnston, lost his life. freedom we enjoy or the heritage that ls Senator from Oklahoma into the Salem Col­ ours? lege famlly. On the afternoon of the second day General Beauregard, who was then in command, Gen. Omar Bradley defined it in these It ls a personal privilege and an official words: "Freedom; no word was ever spoken obllgation joyfully embraced to propose U.S. ordered his troops to withdraw. The Battle of Shiloh was a vital link that has held out greater hope, demanded Senator ROBERT S. KERR for the degree of greater sacrifice, needed more to be nurtured, doctor of humanities. in the chain of victories which won the Mississippi Valley for the Union. It was, blessed more the giver, damned more its however, won rt a terrible price. The Union destroyer, or comes closer to being God's will on earth. May Americans ever be its Army lost 13,047 men while 10/l99 Con­ protector." Memorial Day, 1962 federates fell in battle. Many of the fallen Confederates and a few Union soldiers were Another has said: "Freedom is America's carried across the State line and buried in most cherished possession." It wm survive EXTENSION OF' REMARKS Mississippi. only if you and I and Americans everywhere OF become more gravely concerned about that In April 1863, the agony of Shiloh was force seeking to destroy it--communism. It HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING a year old. A group of women, led by Miss is a great privilege to enjoy freedom. It ls Matt Morton, started placing spring flowers your responslb111ty and mine to preserve it OF PENNSYLVANIA on the graves of their southern soldier dead. for the next and succeeding generations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Two Union graves were discovered and they, too, were decorated. What does the flag of freedom mean to Tuesday, June 12, 1962 you? I heard John Glenn say recently: "I The site is now known as Friendship know I still get a hard-to-define feeling Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, each Cemetery ~nd ls probably the cradle of down inside when the flag goes by; and I year members of the Red Lion, Pa., our Memorial Day observance. know that all of you do, too." In 1868 Gen. John A. Logan, commander Dr. Daniel A. Poling tells this story: "Years American Legion and Veterans of For­ in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, eign Wars posts combine efforts in ar­ ago, in Smithfield, an Ohio village made issued an order designating May 30 as the famous as the home of the five fighting ranging a commemorative program for day graves of soldiers should be decorated. McCooks of the War Between the States, Memorial Day. Special services at Arlington constituted the I addressed a Memorial Day service, enter­ Following a street parade, appropri­ first official observance of the day. tained in the home of the Presbyterian ate services were conducted this year in Memorial Day 1962 holds a special signif­ minister, the Reverend Mr. Love, I was Red Lion Park where a beautiful and icance for all Americans. It ts well that we seated with the family at the breakfast well-kept memorial has been erected in pause and renew our pledge of allegiance to table when, in response to a knock at the honor of those from the community who this Nation and to the countless numbers front door, the pastor brought into the room who made the supreme sacrifice in order a small boy who lived in the coal mine gave their all in two World Wars and that we may enjoy the liberty and freedom town-the tipple town-just under the hill. Korea. we have. The miners were all foreigners and only Raymond R. Smith, Esq., was master Today we are living in a time of un­ the children who had enjoyed the ad­ of ceremonies. precedented unrest, danger, and peril. vantages of our schools spoke our lan­ Dr. Oliver Kirk Maurer, pastor of the Nothing is secure. The world is sitting on guage. This boy was timid and half­ United Church of Christ, offered this in­ a powder keg an~ a war could be triggered afraid. Said he: 'My father has a band in seconds. and the band would like to play for your vocation: By the same token, we are living in times parade. They would like to play patriotic Eternal God, the Father of our Lord .Jesus of unprecedented challenges and opportuni­ music and follow the flag. My father Christ and our Father, we pause and turn ties and it becomes our grave responsibility doesn't speak English but he sent me to ask to Thee on this Memorial Day. We thank to see to it that our technical and scientific whether you would grant his request and to 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10289 say that he and his friends would be very Bloom on, sweet flowers, thy perfume shed he will receive the Francis Vinton Greene proud. Very grateful and very happy to Above each soldier's lowly bed, Memorial Award, a set of books, presented as march and play.' The boy's voice trembled Kind nature's fairest tribute bring, a memorial to the late Maj. Gen. Francis then as he concluded: 'My father loves the And clothe each mound with flowers of Vinton Greene, class of 1870. General flag, too, sir, and he wants to be a good spring. Greene was the No. 1 man in his class. American. I am an American, sir, because I Look up, with loving, dewy eyes, Cadet Fagan will be graduated on Wednes­ was born under the flag.'" Into the blue recording skies, day, June 6, and will be commissioned in Many of us might well reaffirm our faith And pledge in red, and white, and blue, the artillery branch of the U.S. Army. in the freedom we enjoy lest those to whom That May flowers ever will be true. Sincerely, Doctor Poling referred and who lived under Let all the people gather near, W. C. WESTMORELAND, other flags but are now enjoying what And bow themselves with reverent fear, Major General, U.S. Army, we take for granted, show greater devo­ For God with mighty, outstretched hand Superintendent. tion than do we. Do we as individuals Has graciously redeemed our land. understand and work for the preserva­ Come, peace, and spread they sheltering WASHINGTON, D.C., June 1, 1962. tion of good government? Are we fa­ wing, Cadet JOHN H. FAGAN, Jr., miliar with our traditional ideals and Come, love, thy sweetest tribute bring, U .S. Military Academy, practices of the past which we want to Come, all, and join a sacred lay West Point, N.Y. preserve because we believe they are right To celebrate Memorial Day. DEAR JOHN: I want to take this oppor­ and worthwhile? Are we true to the spirit ANNIE IBITTENMEYER. tunity to congratulate you on your coveted and devotion of our Founding Fathers and achievement in being selected as the No. 1 Mothers? They would not allow others to cadet in the general order of merit in the do for them what they could and should do U.S. Military Academy 1962 graduating class. for themselves. They did not look to gov­ I write to you with a feeling of profound ernment to supply their every need. They Cadet John H~ Fagan, Jr., of Northamp­ gratification that I appointed you to the understood and practiced individual respon­ Military Academy at West Point. Needless sibility. Are we today forgetting the basic ton, Mass., Tops 1962 Military Acad­ to say, I am genuinely proud of the 4-year principles which are our heritage? emy Graduating Class as No. I West honors record you have established with the Memorial Day 1962. What about Memorial Corps of Cadets at the Academy. Day in 1972, 1982, 1992? Point Cadet You will graduate next week and receive We face grave threats. Not all are nu­ your commission in an Army that the free clear. Listen to the words of a young girl EXTENSION OF REMARKS world looks to for inspiration and leadership student who wrote a colleague of mine: OF in the fight for liberty against Communfst "In my history class we have been learning aggression for some years to come. I am about the beginnings of communism and sure that the citizens of Northampton will the tactics Communists use in their search HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND OF MASSACHUSETTS agree with me that you are destined, because for world power. Even though I am not of of your West Point record, to become one of voting age, I wanted to let you know that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the great future leaders of the American I want you to do all you can to stop the Tuesday, June 12, 1962 Army. Communists from taking over our country. Again, I want to offer you my sincere I don't want to live under these tyrants. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the citi­ congratulations and best wishes for success I love my country and would sooner die zens of Northampton, Mass., in my con­ in your Army career. than see it taken over by Communists. gressional district, were indeed as proud Sincerely yours, "America is their No. 1 target. We stand as I was last week when their native EDWARD P. BOLAND, for everything they hate. I try to do my Member of Congress. part in bringing up the standards of patriot­ son, Cadet John H. Fagan, Jr., whom I ism here by hanging out the flag on all appointed to the U.S. Military Academy, THE WHITE HOUSE, legal holidays. Could you, please, see if you received his diploma from President Washington, June 9, 1962. could do something to make people hang Kennedy as the No. 1 man in his class Hon. EDWARD P. BOLAND, out the flag and play the national anthem. at West Point. House of Representatives, If we don't show we love our country how Cadet Fagan had been a 4-year honor Washington, D.C. will the rest of the world know we love DEAR EDDIE: You are undoubtedly now America. Our country is the greatest on student at the Military Academy and he 3 awarP. that the President made direct refer­ the earth. We should do everything we can topped his class in of the 4 years at ence to your pleasure in the achievement of to stop communism's spread and display to West Point. As the No. 1 man in Mr. John Fagan when he presented his di­ the rest of the world Americans love their the 1962 graduating class, he received ploma to him at West Point. country and would rather die than live the Francis Vinton Greene Memorial With kindest personal regards, under communism.'' Award. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Sincerely, Here, then, is a threat that is very real John H. Fagan, of 21 Fifth Avenue, LAWRENCE F. O'BRIEN, and presents a serious challenge we cannot Northampton. During his 4 years at Special Assistant to the President. ignore. Will you join with this young girl West Point he was a member of the Rig in raising the cry, or sit complacentJy by and Crest Committee, secretary of the and allow our heritage to deteriorate? French Language Club, a Roman Catho­ The threat from within is just as real San Antonio : Mother-in-Law of the and just as serious as that from without. lic chapel acolyte, and a member of the For obvious reasons I shall not discuss it staff of the Pointer, the cadet magazine. Services here. Mr. Speaker, I was unable to go to There are forces in the world who would West Pofut last Wednesday for the com­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS destroy us. As those we honor today gave mencement, but Cadet Fagan was told OF their last full measure of devotion, we, too, of my pleasure in his achievement by must face the foe with grim determination. May we always hold high the ideals for President Kennedy himself as he pre­ HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ which brave men sacrificed. We can do no sented the Northampton cadet with his OF TEXAS less than see to it that our honored dead diploma. Under unanimous consent I IN THE HOUSE OF RElPRESENTATIVES include with my remarks a letter from shall not have died in vain. Tuesday, June 12, 1962 Bow low, fair clouds, and kiss the earth, Maj. Gen. W.C. Westmoreland, Super­ Where human freedom had her birth, intendent of the Military Academy, my Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, there Where heroes struggled in the fight, letter to Cadet Fagan, and a letter from is a saying among members of the Armed And patriots died for human right. Lawrence F. O'Brien, special .assistant Forces, the professional fighting men of Bow low, and rainbow glories shed to the President: America. that San Antonio is "the Above a nation's gallant dead, OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, mother-in-law of the Army." It is· a Then bear the news o'er land and sea, U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY, saying that stems from the days the Earth's fettered millions may be free. West Point, N.Y., Ma.y 31, 1962. Quartermaster Corps set up its depot in Fly low, bright birds with painted wings, Hon. EDWARD P. BOLAND, the Alamo before that building became And join the song a nation sings, House of Representatives, recognized as the shrine of liberty it now A glad, and sacred jubilee, Washington, D.O. is. For God has set his people free. DEAR MR. BOLAND: I am pleased to inform Sing of the flag with starry field, you that Cadet John H. Fagan, whom you The saying applies as aptly to the Air Sing of the eagle· and the shield, appointed to the U.S. Mllitary Academy, will Force and Navy as well as the Army, for Sing of the victories of peace, be presented an award during June Week. San Antonio has long been sought as a Sing of the time when wars shall cease. As the No. 1 man in the graduating class, duty assignment, as a place of residence, 10290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- S:ENATE June 12 as a place where military men wish to Our shores are no longer inviolate. And, Europe, how~ver, is.not the only potential. spend the leisure of retirement. unless we move boldly into foreign trade, we The concept of the European marke1; opens will be driven from the world marketplace the possib111tles of, a Co~mon Market fo_r San Antonio has earned this appella­ and relegated to a secondary role. Our Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The fact tion by being a good host and a good choice is not whether to join or not join in is, some of our neighbors to-the south liave home for military installations and the a trade association. Our choice is whether taken some first steps in thi.ll! :i:egard. It men and women assigned to them. But to bargain effectively or ineffectively. The was the promise of l_D.Y Repµblican Party more than that, the citizens of San An­ Common Market is an accomplished fact-­ platform to encourage "appropriate regional tonio have time and again demonstrated we must learn to deal with it and we must groupings" of the countries of these areas that they cared about the welfare and learn to live with it. and "that such gro-qpings adopt means to interests of persons in the Armed Forces. Who would have believed 10 or 15 years attain viable economics following such ex­ ago, that Europe, torn and bleeding from a ample as the European Common Market. Recently, a new demonstration of this long and devastating war, would ever have And if from these institutions," the platform feeling has been made known. It comes moved so far toward economic and political went on to say, "there should follow stronger in the form of a nonprofit organization unity? Indeed, it was only 5 years ago that economic and political unions, we would chartered as a fraternal, social, educa­ six European nations joined to sign the welcome them with our support." tional, and patriotic organization for the Treaty of Rome and form the European Eco­ As far as the shipping industry is con­ noncommissioned and petty officers nomic Community-what we call the CoII?-­ cerned, an expanding trade program would throughout the Armed Forces. Its name mon Market. To bolster needed economic be both an opportunity and a challenge. is the NCO Association of U.S.A., and its strength and to attain prosperity, this hand­ Today, less than 12 percent of our Na­ ful of European nations agreed to knock tion's trade goes in the U.S. bottoms-a national headquarters is in San Antonio. down trade barriers among themselves, so paltry achievement compared to, say, the This is the only organization of this that goods could move freely across the bor- British merchant marine, which handles 70 character that I know of which is open ' ders and so that their businessmen could percent of the United Kingdom's exports. to the NCO's, specialists, and petty offi­ plan and build a much larger group of pre­ American flag liners have a considerable cers of the Nation's five branches of ferred buyers. It was a start toward a amount of excess capacity. The goal must service-Army, NavY, Air Force, Ma­ United States of Europe, a realization of a be t.o increase not only the annual tonnage dream dating back to the time of Charle­ of our commerce carried, but to improve our rines, Coast Guard, National Guard, and relative standing among the merchant participating Reserve. magne. Now, Great Britain desires to join this marine of the free world. It sets for itself some eight objectives emerging economic bloc-perhaps signaling To boost revenues American lines are en­ at the outset, and these are: Establish­ an end of a 500-year-old independent eco­ gaged in the most ambitious peacetime ment of an NCO employment service, a nomic grandeur. Her choice was not easy­ vessel replacement program ever undertaken. credit union, an endowment or relief This program, approved by both the legisla­ but she too has access to the thriving mar­ tive and executive branches of the Govern­ fund, aid with oversea banking, improved kets of Western Europe. ment, though sometimes, I regret to say, insurance, legal aid, social activities, and Norway and Denmark are negotiating for pushed aside in Washington, is designed a study of legislation and benefits af­ membership also. Austria would like to join. to replace obsolete merchant ships of the fecting the NCO. Sweden is interested. Their neighbors con­ .Second World War with modern, fast, ef­ San Antonio is proud that this enter­ template moves in that direction. ficient vessels-vessels we must have if our prising organization has been found in Within a few years, the Common Market merchant marine is to meet our essential its midst, and it is my hope that through will include at least 11 European nations. defense and economic needs. The total cost Their population will total 244 million--com­ of this program is in the neighborhood of its work San Antonio will earn even bet­ pared to 185 million in the United States $4 billion, covering 300 ships. About one­ ter its nickname of "Mother-in-law to and 214 million in the U.S.S.R. Their steel fourth of these qualify for construction the Services." In so doing, it can con­ output will be as large, if not larger, than ·subsidies. tinue to be a place of hospitable service ours. It will dwarf the Soviet Union's. Au­ It is difficult to overestimate the im­ to some of the constituents of every to an electrical production will be much portance of this issue to California. And Member of this Congress. larger than the U.S.S.R.'s and second only it is easy to confess its diftlculties to our to ours. State. We, as Californians, have a tre­ Common Market success has already been mendous stake µi foreign trade~ -~ 1960, the dazzling, and its momentum is quickening. Pacific coast exported $2.7 billion worth of In the years since 1957, the Common Market agricultural and manufactured products, 14 Jobs, Cargoes, and Goods: The United nations have reduced tariff levels among percent of our country's total exports. Cali­ States and the Common Market themselves by an average of 35 to 40 percent. .fornia exported $1.8 billion. We are No. 1 By July, it is likely to reach 50 percent-­ in the Union. Illinois is second with $1.7 well above the 30-percent goal foreseen for billion; New York is third with $1.5 billion. EXTENSION OF REMARKS that date. And since the tearing down of Unless our exports remain at a high leyel, OF trade fences the member states have been we will be faced with the hazard of a worsen­ gaining economic strength by leaps and ing deficit in our balance of payments. HON. THOMAS H. KUCHEL bounds: Their trade with one another has Last year our trade earned us a surplus of OF CALIFORNIA soared 25 percent; their industrial produc­ almost •5.4 billion, helping to offset a deficit tion is rocketing at 8 percent a year (ours is IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES of $7.9 billion in all the other component about 3 percent); their living standards are parts of the balance-of-payments ledger. The Tuesday, June 12, 1962 rapidly approaching ours; their wage rates American merchant marine, despite the rela­ are also keeping up with the accelerated tively small share of our foreign commerce Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, on May pace. Since 1955 wages have increased 67 which it carries, has actually earned or con­ 22, 1962, I had the honor to speak before percent faster than ours with West Ger:­ served between $600 million and $1 billion the Propeller Club in Los Angeles, Calif., many and France averaging well over 8 per­ annually toward a payments balance. on the subject of the "United States and cent in annual increases (our annual aver­ Through increased trade and correspond­ Its Relations to the Common Market." age rate has been about 3.5 percent). ingly increased American-flag shipping par­ I ask unanimous consent that a partial This peaceful European evolution has im­ ticipation in that trade, American liner earn:. text of my comments on that occasion mediate meaning !or America. It is not re­ ings will undoubtedly increase. By their be printed in the RECORD. mote, as particularly you in the transporta­ increase, the operating differential payments, tion and shipping industry know. It is al­ paid by the Government to give ou;r veEsel There being no objection, the partial ready affecting each one of us-our jobs and operators a measure of parity with low cost text of remarks was ordered to be printed the prices we pay. Moreover, it will affect foreign operators, will be returned to the in the RECORD, as follows: us increasingly in the future. Government. Whether they are returned in JOBS, CARGOES, AND GOODS: THE UNITED STATES America is a great consumer of goods but whole or in part, the cost of maintaining the AND THE COMMON MARKET even a greater producer of goods. Europe merchant marine will nonetheless be reduced. and the other rapidly growing nations of the California leads the Nation with over $478 Western Europe, once economically sepa­ free world are great producers of goods and, rated by steep trade barriers and politically million worth of agricultural exports-about potentially, even greater consumers. If we 10 percent of all U .S. agricultural exports. divided by ancient rivalries, is a thing of the bring these two equations together-by re-­ past. In its place has emerged a united, We rank third in the export of manufactured duction of arbitrary and other burdensome products-valued at over $1.3 blllion-close spectacularly booming, aggressively competi­ restrictions on trade we have a potentially tive Europe whose long-range prospects are after New York and Illinois with $1.4 billion advantageous situation for our country. each. Our transportation equipment indus­ that it will become the world's greatest eco­ The powerful demands of growth markets try in 1960 exported •476 million; chemical nomic and industrial force-greater than the abroad can and should mean net added sales, and allied products, •123 million; petroleum Soviet Union, greater even than the United added jobs, and added profits for American and coal products, $113 million; followed by States. business for years to come. electrical machine industries at $45 million. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10291 Other machinery manufactured 1n Caiifomia­ comrades -in the defense · of freedom, - the llshment of a genuine peace; i.e., the ending was exported in the amount of·ts5 mlllioa security of our own beloved America is given of th~ East-West cold war, has become a pre­ · Direct employment ln ocean shipping, added strength and is rendered more sure. r~uisite to any ·kind of satisfactory life on shipbuilding, stevedoring, insurance, foreign, - And why should we not, as friends, deal tills planet, if not mandatory to the survival trading and a host .of satelllte-lmlustrles is· with them to Improve our own lot, to in­ of the human species. well over the 125,000 mark on the PaciAc crease our own trade surplus, to raise our . I do not know whether it is as clear to coast. - When added to the jobs partially, or own exports, and to assume--here at home­ you as it is to me that the responsib111ty indirectly, affected by exports and Imports, it the responsibllity to be competitive in !or­ for the prolongation of the cold war lies has been estimated that 1 . person out .of 6 elgn trade? The grand design is to keep heavily with the West, and .especially with in the Pacific coast States derives a signlft­ our own liberty and to advance the course our own foreign policy. Were it not for the oant part of his livelihood from a healthy o! a just peace. And within that context, incessant prosecution o:r the cold war from two-way foreign trade. a viable American economy must enjoy its our side, I am convinced -there never would Having said all this, the trade policy ques- • rightful share of the free world's free mar­ have been a resumption of Soviet bomb test- tion, · now before the Congress, poses some kets. It is an exhilarating chore !or all of ing. . specific conundrums for our State. Ever us, management and· labor, industry and Where will the initiative arise to bring an since the end of World War II, our people-­ agriculture, to contemplate. end to the cold war, if not from those few Californians-have had some specific diftl­ It can be translated, also, into one more liberal Congressmen and Senators on Capi- culties, especially our farmers, with many ltind of firmness against communism. The tol Hlll? . of our friends in Europe. We have tried Soviet Union trade policy is political. It Any comment you may wish to offer will to recapture our traditional and historic seeks to destroy the Western alliance and be most.gratefully received. share of the European market. And we uses political prices to dispense its merchan­ Sincerely yours, 1n suffered so~e grievous rebuffs, in England,­

This is the way the free enterprise. system niques, or by selling that brand name prod­ HELP El'd:PLOYMENT, should function. uct at other than the manufacturer's spe­ In urging speedy consideration of this bill Ir a retailer knowingly violates the pub .. cific price. · by this committee, I direct your attention llshed policy of the manufacturer by en• THE CONSUMER'S INTEREST to the fact that unrestrained price slashing gaging in any one or all of the three specific This legislation safeguards the consumer. is rapidly disabling labor, industry, resellers, practices named in the bill-price deviation, and the public. Our entire economy will bait and switch tactics, misrepresentation­ This committee is not unmindful of the sit­ uation that results when an unprincipled continue to deteriorate at a time when lead­ then the manufacturer may revoke the right ing economists and statesmen agree we need of that offending retailer to make any fur• retailer can take advantage of a product by running a loss-leader ad. For every dollar instead economic growth to strengthen our ther use of the manufacturer's name, brand, Nation for survival. or trademark. spent by the misguided customer who ·is brought in on account of this ad, sacrificing I represent the great industrial Calumet . The quality stabilization bill is not a one­ region of Indiana. In recent years purchas­ way street. It imposes an obligation on the a brand name or a trademark of some pro­ ducer, that customer spends an estimated ers and small retailers have been asking me manufacturer as well. The bill states that what can be done to reestablish confidence in lack of due diligence in revoking the rights $9 for inferior products at the regular or higher price. Now, what happens? It does retail ·marketing. Unemployment in my of competing resellers known to the trade­ area is critical. mark owner to-be committing similar acts of not take long until that honored product loses customers. Soon the loss.:.1eader ad­ Enactment of this quality stabilization unfair competition will constitute a valid legislation will contribute more toward re­ defense against ·any action brought under vertiser drops the brand name product and picks up another quality product to tem­ storing employment than any other legisla­ this law. tion that can be enacted by Congress. With the enactment of the quality stabili· porarily pack his store with unsuspecting customers. It is operations of this kind that When a manufacturer is forced to make 15 zation bill, the reseller and the public will men do the work of 20, and is forced to know where each manufacturer stands as to the quality stabilization bill will control by protecting the customer, the producer, and employ cheaper and less-skilled labor as well policy and quality consistency. The manu­ as inferior materials, both American labor facturer no longer will have the convenient the small retail man. We need protection for the small retailer, and the American consumer are injured excuse that he cannot protect good resellers where it hurts most. Small manufacturers against unfair competition. the consumer, labor, and for the man who invents a product or spends his adult life of trademarked products have been forced FOUNDATION ESTABLISHED BY SUPREME COURT and great sums of money to establish a to close their factories or downgrade the . The quality stab111zation bill contains none brand name or trademark . quality of their products to suit the high of the usual fair trade language. There is Enactment of the quality stabilization bill pressure, falsely advertising retailers, as a no provision for contracts as the bill is will result in availability of products in means of staying in business. This type of wholly predicated on the owner's property which the public can have confidence--con­ retailer may be few in number but they rights in his good name; there is no depend­ fidence in their stabilized price and in their are powerful and heavily financed, and grow­ ence on a nonsigner clause as is the case with quality. Customers can buy that which they ing in size and number every day. fair trade. The essential difference is that seek: quality and price, or price alone. The Enactment of the quality stabilization fair trade enforcement is to compel a dealer retailer, by offering both quality stabilized bill will give manufacturers the confidence to raise his prices for a product, while under and unstabilized brands, can give the con­ to build better products instead of cheaper the quality stabilization bill, the action is sumer an excellent mix of durable, high­ products with poor quality. This bill will one akin to trespass-to stop a reseller from quality products and products of lesser give the bargain seeker an opportunity of abusing a manufacturer's property right in quality whose prices fit his pocketbook or knowing what is a bargain by plaCing a his trademark. his limited needs. standard of value as a gage. The quality stabilization bill simply pro­ I feel confident that there will be many NONPARTISAN vides that when a trademark is abused, the brands, made by reputable manufacturers, This is strictly nonpartisan legislation. trademark owner may deny that unfair re­ which will not be stabilized even though Ten U.S. Senators of both parties have co­ seller further use of the brand name or some of their brands are stabilized. The sponsored quality stabilization, and ten trademark. Essentially, it is a confirmation quality stabilization bill will affect discount Members-from both parties-have intro­ by Congress of the unanimous decision- of merchants only as to the products the manu­ duced the bills in the House of Representa­ the U.S. Supreme Court in Old Dearborn facturers place under quality stabilization tives. Distributing Co. v. Seagram-Distiller's Corp., and then only as to the brand name thereof. I am hereby submitting with my state­ 299 U.S. 183 (1936), that the manufacturer On those products the manufacturer will ment the list of approximately 70 national possesses property rights in the goodwill have the legal and equitable right to protect trade and professional organizations that symbolized by his trademark. The bill de­ his property. But the discounter is option­ have endorsed this quality stabilization bill: scribes how the manufacturer may protect ally free to handle quality stabilized prod­ Quality Brands Associates of America, Inc. his trademark as it moves along the chan­ ucts along with merchandise that he does nels of distribution. National Retail Hardware Association. not elect to come under quality stabilization. National Office Machine Dealers Associa- CONSTRUCTIVE COMPETITION IJ!'.'~URED It is not the purpose of the quality stabili­ tion. The quality stabilization bill leaves the zation bill to put anyone out of business. · Independent Garage Owners of America. Sherman Act intact. Any group of manu­ Indeed, it is my conviction that it will re­ National Association of House to House facturers or wholesalers or retailers who duce the number of small businesses whose Installment Cos., Inc. abuse the quality stabilization bill to effect owners find it necessary to liquidate. I pre­ National Sporting Goods Association. illegal collusive price fixing between them­ dict that enactment of the quality stabiliza­ National Association of Retail Clothiers selves would be courting the same prosecu­ tion bill will result in a drastic drop in the and Flirnishers. tion as the heavy electrical firms and their number of small business failures. National Retail Furniture Association. executives experienced not long ago in Phila- Obviously, the buying public will benefi,t Retail Jewelers of America. d,elphia. , . from this bill. For the first time in a num­ Master Photo Dealers and Finishers Asso­ To underscore that the quality stabiliza­ b.er of years, the consumer 'will have a stand­ . elation. tion bill will promote competition, it must be· ard against whi~h to measure quality. · The National Appliance and Radio-TV Dealers emphasized repeatedly that the manufac­ quality stabilization law will also give pro­ Association. turer alone must make the basic marketing tection to the consumer against entrapme~t National Wholesale Jewelers Association. decision-wh'ether to stabilize his price, as a and unwise purchase of the loss-leader mer- . National Stationery and Office Equipment means of restoring_ and i.~proving quality, chant SJ?ecializing in bait and switch tactics. Association. or to rely primarily on price alone to at­ The opponents of this legislation seem to Wholesale Stationers' AsSociation. tract customers. It is, after all, his -brand be motivated by marketing forces who are Toy Wholesalers' · Association of America. and his reputation which is at stake. Only the principal offenders against the histori­ Billiard and Bowling .Institute of America. he can make the decision. cal retail methods and practices that have Gift and Decorative Accessories Associa- Wholesalers and retailers will be free, too, in the past, enabled legitimate retailers and tion of America. to determine whether they wish to handle manufacturers to build successful marketing Marine Manufacturers Safety Equipment products of stabilized quality or a competi­ economy second to none in the world. Their Association. tive unstab111zed one. They may elect to strategy appears to connect quality stablliza­ Sporting Goods Jobbers Association. handle top brand lines which are stabilized tion legislation by smear propaganda American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers and others on which they can vary the price. through identifying it with fair trade and Association. It is their decision. If they elect to handle price fixing. Anyone who reads and studies Archery Manufacturers and Dealers Asso­ the quality sta.billzed brand, they must re­ H.R. 10335 can easily determine that no ciation. spect the law and the manufacturer's estab­ provision in the b1ll identifies it with fair National . Wholesale Hardware Association. lished policy. This means that the reseller trade or even reQJ.otely with price fixing. Fountain Pen and Mechanical Pencil may not abuse the brand name by misrep­ The bill creates no Federal enforcing depart­ Manufacturers' Association, Inc. resentation as to make, model, size, age, or ment and its provisions are 100 percent op­ American Watch Association, Inc. other details of the quality stabilized brand, tional with both the manufacturer, retailer, Watch Material Distributors of America. by bait and switch merchandising 'tech- and consumer. Automotive Service Industry Association. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10295 National Association of Bedding Manufac­ who had come to the Port Orchard Bay Olympic· Peninsula, where mountains, turers. region 3 years prior to the date of plat­ glaciers.forests, lakes.mountain streams, The National Association of Shirt, Pajama ting, and who had been engaged in the and the sea make an ideal recreational and Sportswear Manufacturers. National Industrial Distributors Associa- real estate business with an omce in the area. It has within its corporate limits tion. village then known as Port Orchard, lo­ the best equipped navy yard in the Christian Booksellers Association. cated on the land which in later years United States. Bremerton is now a National Congress of Petroleum Retailers. became known as Charleston. Bremer thriving city of approximately 37,000 National Shoe Manufacturers Association. saw in the strategic location of the bay people. Its navy yard employs some Wallcovering Wholesalers Association. region the possibility of a naval station 10,000 civilian workers. The ships of National Small Business Association. and it was due to his efforts more than the U.S. Navy come and go through American Research Merchandising Insti- out each year, coming for repairs and tute. to the efforts of any other man that the American Retailers Association. present Navy yard became an actuality. overhauls. National Art Materials Trade Association. William Bremer was born in Esson, National Shoe Retailers Association. duchy of Brunswick, Germany, June 12, Motor and Equipment Manufacturers As- 1863. As a young man he went to South The Eleanor Roosevelt Cancer sociation. Dakota with his parents and in 1888 he Foundation Northamerlcan Heating & Airconditloning came to the then Territory of Washing­ Wholesalers, Inc. ton, landing at Seattle. Looking around, National Association of Women's & Chil­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS dren's Apparel Salesmen, Inc. he saw the advantages of Kitsap County American Watch Manufacturers Associa- with its rich timber resources and its OF tion. proximity to Seattle, which city he con­ HON. ALBERT THOMAS National Bicycle Dealers Association, Inc. ceived as the coming metropolis of the National Audio-Visual Association, Inc. Northwestern country. He soon located OF TEXAS National Office Furniture Association, Inc. in Port Orchard to engage in the real IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES National Outerwear and Sportswear Asso- ciation. estate business. Tuesday, June 12, 1962 National Frozen Food Association, Inc. The movement for a naval station Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, under The Automotive Warehouse Distributors near Seattle had been started many leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ Association, Inc. years prior to the coming of Bremer, ORD, I include the following address by National Association of Glove Manufac- but it had vegetated most of that time, Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt at the Second turers. and it was not until the coming of Lt. Annual World Peace Through World American Association of Small Business. A. B. Wycoff as the representative of the National Marine Products Association. Health Award dinner held in Washing­ Secretary of the Navy for the purpose of ton, D.C., on May 22, 1962: National Association of .Retail Druggists. purchasing the land for the site of a Pa.int and Wallpaper Association of Amer- Mr. ARTHUR GODFREY. The warmth and ica, Inc. drydock, that Bremer put his plans presence h,ere tonight of you far better ex­ Retail Tobacco Dealers of America. into action and took it upon himself to presses the love and affection which we all National Association of Tobacco Distribu­ aid as much as possible in the location have for our next speaker, and it ls my great tors. of the plant and in the development of honor and happy privilege to present to you National Retail Farm Equipment Associa­ the region surroundiny the site. It was the First Lady of the World, Mrs; Eleanor tion. Roosevelt. [Standing applause.] American Pharmaceutical Association. in this way that Bremerton was born. For years, it now seems that Bremer Mrs. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, National Conference of State Pharmaceu­ Mr. Master of Ceremonies, Mr. V-ice Presi­ tical Association Secretaries. was about the only man in the region dent, distinguished guests, ladies and gen­ Metrqpolitan Cities Drug Association Sec- who saw tremendous development. For tlemen: I think you all know by this time retaries. the struggling town grew so slowly that that the main purpose of this dinner is to National Association of Chain Drug Stores. there was no form of town government honor an outstanding individual whose Toilet Goods Association. until 1900, or a full 10 years after the services have advanced the cause of world American Booksellers Association. plats had been filed. And there were peace through world h~alth. National Wholesale Druggists Association. Last year, when the first award of this Automotive Electric Association. good reasons for the lack of interest on the part of the people. Washington and foundation was given to Gen. Omar N. Brad­ Corset & Brassiere Association of America. ley, many of us heard the Vice President of Proprietary Association. the Northwest were in the midst of a the United States make a very serious report. The Independent Shoemen. timber-cutting tournament, and every Mr. JOHNSON said that over half of the National Candy Wholesalers Association. man was interested in getting into the world or 2 ¥2 billion people either suffer from production of lumber in some form. The chronic illness or become ill annually, and idea that the United States might de­ that this vast human suffering places illness velop a navy yard near Seattle, and second only to hunger. Bremerton, Wash., and the Bremer right in the heart of the fast developing The Vice President has not only been world of stumps could not find lodge­ moved by the suffering cause of the world, Family · but he has traveled tens of thousands of ment in the brain of the average man of miles as a representative of our country to the period. support the worldwide effort in the fight EXTENSION OF REMARKS . But by 1901, Bremerton had grown OF against disease. considerably, and it was necessary to He has made a 30,000-mile trip to the lands HON. THOR C. TOLLEFSON have some form of city control. The in­ of southeast Asia and he has traveled thou­ sands oJ miles in Africa. Everywhere he has OF WASHINGTON corporation was completed in 1901, and A. L. Croxton was elected mayor. Crox­ represented the American people whose com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ton assumed office October 16 and served passion and desire ls to help those in need Tuesday, June 12, 1962 through the period ending with the 1st which is our greatest so11rce of strength. I am happy to present the Second Annual Mr. TOLLEFSON. Mr. Speaker, of January 1904. World Peace Through World Health Award Bremerton was platted in 1891, and After serving his city and the State to a distinguished statesman. So far, I have occupied part of the homesteads of War­ of Washington ably and well for more been using the notes as they were a little ren Smith and Theodore Williams, on than a score of years, William died De­ afraid I would forget something, you see, so the north side of Port Orchard Bay. The cember 23, 1910. His most lasting monu­ they made sure to write them down for me. land had been logged off and was a field ment is the navy yard, Puget Sound, I think Mr. JOHNSON has had a very deep of stumps with all the debris that usually as it is, and as it shall be in the years sense of responsibility in thi.s particular area. to come. I know that friends of mine }lave given a followed the logger, except for such parts great deal of their time and energy to trying of the homesteads as the sturdy settlers Bremerton has one of the most pic­ to get our Government aware of this prob­ had been able to clear. And that was turesque settings of any city in the lem and hai(e felt that their hands are up­ not any considerable · part. of the total Northwest. Located on one of the fine, held and that they have gotten the greatest area. . ·.-.. protected harbors· of Puget Sound, it is help from 'the Vice President. . . · But the vision which. gave birth to the the gateway to one of the greatest play~ So I think my husband would .have had town was the. vision of William .· Bremer, grounds in the United states-the a feeling that we must have a ·research anc;l 10296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 12

that we must find the answers tq proble~s At this moment we live ln a world of Peace will not be assured for mankind as they come U:t>, and he would be very peril. Prudence requii-es that the focus of by the stroke of a pen or the signfng of a happy tonight that a great American and ·our efforts be directed to neutralizing that treaty. Peace will be made real only when humanitarian, the Vice Presiden_t of the peril. the condition of man makes thoughts of United States, Mr. LYNDON B. JOHNSON, . la But our sea.rch for security ls, I believe, war unreal. · being given this award. {Standing ap­ producing far greater contributions to the We in the United States seek ·agreements plause.] methods of peace than to the techniques of to hasten the arrival of that condition of REMARKS BY VICE PRESIDENT LYNDON B. war. Many overlook one thing: Our defense peace for mankind. We shall never cease to JOHNSON budgets a.re going today not to amass vast seek such 'agreements. stores of arms but to amass great stores of But if willful men refuse to sign those The VxcE PRESIDENT of the United States. human knowledge. agreements, we shall not permit their re- Mrs. Roosevelt, Mr. Roosevelt, Mr. Godfrey, The whole concept of defense spending is fusal to deny to mankind the coming of con­ Justice Clark, distinguished Ambassadors changed. Instead of spending wastefully on ditions of peace throughout the world. and fellow Americans, you do me great honor weapons that could only be used destruc- That is why we can believe, as we do, that tonight with this award. I am most grate­ tively, the bulk of our defense research if all the eddies and ripples of the moment ful and it adds so much to my gratitude to dollars is spent on knowledge that can only are not on the side of peace, the greater waves receive this award from the Eleanor Roose­ be used constructively. and stronger tides of this century run with velt Cancer Foundation and to have the Francis Bacon once said that "the real and the free societies and bear us toward the great honor of sharing this platform tonight legitimate goal of the sciences ls the endow- shores of a peaceful world. with such a grand lady. ment of human life with new inventions and Nations may veto the agreements that All over the world, wherever men and riches." _ control nations. But no nation--and no women yearn for freedom from disease and This objective is the real and legitimate national leader--can veto the progress be­ deprivation in a world without war, no name goal of the national effort we are making ing made toward controlling those things lights their eyes or quickens their hearts _today. which oppress the lives of men. more than the name of Eleanor Roosevelt. One of the great lessons of experience with We can be proud, I believe, of the lead- [Applause.] science is that our most important discov- ership being demonstrated by our country I think it is quite fitting, in her presence, eries often are the discoveries we least ex- today in unifying the force of science -and that we should talk tonight about world pect. the force of political leadership into a new health and world peace. Columbus was looking for a route to the instrument for the making of peace. If there were a single broad_ highway east when he discovered the New World of Much of the credit for the course our stretching straight, swift and sure toward the west. Edward Jenner was led to discover Government has taken lies to the eternal peace, men and nations would have traveled immunization for smallpox by his observa- credit of a man whose memory is very much it a long time ago. But there ls no such tions that the disease seldom developed with us today on the occasion of this Can- road and the way to peace is not an easy way. among milkmaids. cer Progress Year. Those who seek peace must find their way In an obscure London laboratory, Alex- I refer, of course, to that great warrior for across unknown, unexplored and often un­ ander Fleming wondered what had killed the the public interest, that great servant of the _friendly terrain. bacteria under his microscope--and by public good, who fell himself last year as a This is what we are doing tonight. chance established that cause was common victim of the disease against which we mar­ We seek peace by many roads, along many bread mold borne through his laboratory shal our efforts now-the Speaker of the trails, up many paths. We cannot know window by the air. It was this observation House of Representatives, Sam Rayburn. where, or when, our search will end. But we that led to the discovery of penicillin. Over a long period, his efforts and leader- live with an abiding faith that our searches Accidents? Yes, perhaps they were. But ship did much to bring into being the pro­ Win end in success. we recall the admonition of Pasteur that gram ·we have for medical research as well So it is in this context that we explore "fortune finds the prepared mind." as the broader programs of scientific research along the roads and trails and paths of medi­ Tonight we do not know what trails we in other fields to which we are now com­ cal research. We believe that our discoveries may find and follow out in spac::e. But · mitted. there will help us to reach and to keep uni­ going forth with prepared minds we can If the benefit of that research were not versal peace in the world. believe that we wlll find much more there forthcoming in time to spare Sam Rayburn We recognize that better health alone than the green fireflies seen by Colonel the agony of his last days, I know that his would not be enough. Nor would better Glenn. faith was not diminished in his conviction food, better shelter, better clothing, better Space research is costly, but It is le8s than that those efforts will ultimately succeed as Jobs or better education be enough alone. what we pay each year in cigarette taxes. he expected them to succeed. None of these things alone can bring peace But those costs will be returned to us by The horizons of science are much too to the world any more than can armament-­ many great discoveries that wlll improve broad-the unknowns of science are much or disarmament-alone. the condition of mankind throughout the too great-for us to presume to foretell If we are to succeed in our quest for peace, earth. what final victories wlll emerge from the we must concern ourselves at all times with These thoughts are appropriate in this research of this day. the total condition of man. year of 1962 which is being observed as Can- We can be sure, however, that this grand I think it is well for us to remind ourselves cer Progress Year. Twenty-five years ago enterprise on which we are jointly embarked that the United States today is committing the Cancer Society's first nationwide Cancer will bring the human race to a time in its resources on a monumental scale to pro­ Crusade began. which the creative talents and abilities of grams which will, as their end result, im­ In that same year, the National Cancer all men are liberated from the oppression prove the total condition of man on this Institute was organized. At that time one of disease, poverty, and despair. earth. victim of cancer in four was being cured. We walk the roads we walk, we search Over the past decade, we have made a Today, I am told, the cure rate is one in the trails we search, we pioneer the new cumulative outlay for research and develop­ three. paths of our times in the belief that it is ment in the natural sciences of about $80 This speaks much for the union of private the mission and the trust of our country billion. This is four times the comparable and public resources in concerted endeavor to lead the world toward these high· goals. amount for the preceding 10 years. It is against this killer whlch still strikes one It was a great American educator, Horace equal to the total Federal budget for the American every 2' minutes. Mann, who once told a group of young peo- fiscal year 1961. We fight tonight against cancer through ple, "Be ashamed to die before you win at Are we making our effort on this scale surgery, as Arthur has told you, through least one great victory for humanity." solely for the satisfaction of national pride? radiation and through drugs. We can hope So it is in this spirit that we tonight go Is it our highest hope only to place a man that by the endeavors in which we engage about our mission. Mrs. Roosevelt, you on the moon or to have been the first to the day will come when we will have in hand have won many great victories for humanity, send a man out among the stars? drugs and cures for this disease and for but the rest of us who have not achieved so The answer of the American people is, many others. Another 25 yeari;; will not pass much will go home tonight. remembering emphatically, "No." before that day arrives, due to the leader- the words of Horace Mann-"Be ashamed to Our national purpose in supporting today's ship of great women like Eleanor Roosevelt die before you win at least one great victor~ research ls not to perform spectaculars and the Eleanor Roosevelt Cancer Founda- for humanity." among the planets or merely to win momenva tion and those who support it. We are dete,rmined to win not one but Of national glory on this earth. Out of those efforts in this field_:._and in many victories for humanity. One of those We do what we do in the search for peace. all the fields of scientific endeavor-we will victories we are determined to win is vic­ We do what we do in the hope that our be able, I believe, to assure for mankind tory over disease, to which the Eleanor endeavor would lead the world to a day of that condition of health which is1 a 'pre- Roosevelt Cancer Foundation is dedicating . uiiiversal justice and freedom. [Applause.] requisite for the condition of peace. • . • all of its resources, its talents, and its energy . We do what we do, not to make our Nation We in the United States live and . work Thank you. [Standing applause.) stand larger on this earth, but to help all without illusions about the nature of peace. Mr. . ROOSEVELT. Mr. Vice President, allow .m8tnklnd . to stand more erect and upright We realize that peace is a conditlon....:...:.~ot_ an . us to honor you as you, indeed, ·have honored .. toget~r. agree1'}ent.. . _ . _: _ ..• ;.' -_ ·u,s_: . I know I speak for a~l o_f u~ when I say 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10297 we are grateful to you for your wonderful in considering today's complex economic the 4 years 1954 through 1957, stocks as a remarks. problems. Since an important element of whole sold at an average of between 11.2 Before closing these ceremonies, may I your job as financial writers is to increase and 14 times earnings. In 1958, this aver­ just express for all of us our thanks to those public understanding of economic complexi­ age moved up to between 16 and 17 times many people, the hard working staff, to our ties, I am most happy to have this oppor­ earnings, and remained there throughout national director, Mr. Sidney Glazier, and tunity to discuss some of them with you. 1959 and 1960. Last year's bull market the great numbers of volunteers who have A week ago today, we witnessed a phe­ brought this ratio up to 21 times earnings helped make this a memorable evening. nomenon that should give us all pause. For, for the year as a whole, and to about 23 If I can, I would like to express one little during the course of that day, all vestiges times earnings at the high point toward the hope and prayer of my own. My father, as of reason were temporarily pushed aside, and close of the year. The drop in the market you know, worked long in the cause of polio. panic took control of the great New York over the past few months, coupled with the He did not live to see the final victory that Stock Exchange-touching off similar reper­ increased earnings in prospect for 1962, came with the Salk vaccine. cussions in security markets throughout the brought this ratio back to where it is to­ I would have a prayer, with the help of world. day-between 15 and 16 times earnings­ all of you who are professionals and non­ In considering why that happened, I think slightly under the level that prevailed in professionals, that we may have God's bless­ it would be helpful to review briefly the state the 1958 to 1960 period, but more than the ing in trying to bring about a similar victory of our economy and its relationship to stock level of earlier years. during the lifetime of my mother. [Ap­ market prices. I would ~ertainly be the last one to try to plause.] The current recovery started just 15 pick an exact and appropriate level for the So, may I ask that as I send you away with months ago. After a midwinter hesitation, price-earnings ratio of common stocks. But my greetings. the economy picked up steam in March and one thing stands out clearly in any review I will now ask Maj. Gen. Frank A. Tobey, has been moving ahead rapidly ever since to of stock prices: the 1961 price rise cannot be the Chief of Chaplains, U.S. Army, to give record levels of production and income. The credited solely to the prospects for improved us the benediction. latest confirmation shows up in the May earnings. The estimate of 1962 corporate Maj. Gen. FRANK A. TOBEY. Let us pray: employment figures: Nonagricultural em­ profits contained in the January Federal Oh God of power and glory, we share Thy ployment rose beyond the usual seasonal ex­ budget document--which many have criti­ creative task with mortal men. Give us in­ pectations by an impressive 500,000 Jobs. cized as being overly optimistic-forecast sight equal to our responsibilities as cowork­ This means that businessmen across our pretax profits of $56.5 billion. But stock ers with Thee in this great cause. country hired half a million more new em­ averages last December were about 19 times In every daily duty, keep us keenly aware ployees in a single month than would nor­ even this level of prospective earnings. we are laboring with Thee to make this world mally be expected-a clear sign of continued Clearly, something other than the profit a better place in which to live. We are economic expansion. Seasonally adjusted outlook must have been involved in last grateful for the heavily fought for and spec­ unemployment also declined-as did the year's bull market. tacular advances which have been made by overall rate of unemployment--but the major We all know what that something was-­ medical science, but grant us vision for the significance of the May figures lies in the the belief that inflation was just around the future so that we may continue to advance sharp upward surge of new jobs. corner. Today, the belief has been pretty in healing methods for all mankind and as While the hesitation of the economy in the well dissipated. And that is the basic reason undefeated souls we may sustain the shock of early months of this year has made the behind the decline in stock prices over the these volcanic days. achievement of our 1963 gross national prod­ past few mopths. Now may Thy richest benediction crown uct goal of $570 billion much more dtmcult, Now how did stock market investors make these efforts with success. God's peace be the rapid advance of recent months means such an error last year? Apparently, they with all of you and with all mankind. that the possibility of success still remains. abandoned reality in pursuit of a mirage Amen. We will, in any event; come close to our goal, that grew out of a myth. The mirage was Mr. ROOSEVELT. Good night. for the basic ingredients of continued prog­ imminent inflation. The myth was the be­ (Thereupon, the Second Annual World ress are all at hand. As one of our Nation's lief that Government deficits are inevitably Peace Through World Health Award dinner leading industrialists, Mr. Henry Ford, so accompanied by inflation, no matter what was adjourned at 10:30 p.m.) aptly pointed out last Friday, disposable in­ the state of the economy may be. come today ls $20 billion higher than a year The facts were far different and clear ago, installment debt is relatively low, credit enough for those who wished to read them, is plentiful, and employment is rising. Be­ but myth proved more powerful than rea­ cause of the underlying health of our son. Demand infiation, the only kind of in­ Address by the Honorable Douglas Dillon, economy-and despite the decline in common flation in which budgetary policy plays an stock prices over recent months-we can look important role, is clearly related to the state Secretary of the Treasury, June 4, forward confidently to continued economic of the whole national economy, and it is 1962 progress. This advance will further lower not governed by any single factor such as the our still intolerable level of unemployment. Federal budget. Only when budget deficits It should also bring with it a rise in corporate combine with high demand to put pressure EXTENSION OF REMARKS profits. on supply, do they bring demand inflation in OJ' Profits are essential to our free enterprise their wake. Last year this of course was system. This fact is as fully recognized by far from the case. For our economy was just HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER those in Government as by those in busi­ starting to pull out of rece::;sion. There were OF NEW YORK ness, since Government depends on profits large numbers of unemployed and there was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for a large portion of its revenues. Even more a widespread underutilization of plant important, Government is well aware that capacity. The President and other members Tuesday, June 12, 1962 the economic growth we all seek depends of the administration consistently stated Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, it is with upon the ability of capital, as well as labor, that they intended to devote their . energies pleasure that I commend to the atten­ to earn a fair return. to maintaining the stable price level so es­ The disappointing performance of the sential to our balance of payments. tion of our colleagues the following ad­ economy in the first quarter inevitably had I, myself, repeatedly pointed out that dress given by our distinguished Secre­ its impact upon profits, which, on a season­ while a substantial deficit was in prospect tary of the Treasury, the Honorable ally adjusted basis, were apparently little for fiscal 1962, it would not be inflationary Douglas Dillon. changed from the fourth quarter of 1961. because of the excess capacity in the econ­ Secretary Dillon spoke on June 4, 1962, But with the economy picking up steam~as omy. The President made clear, as early as at the annual dinner of the New York· it has during this second quarter-cor:i>o­ last July, that having in .mind the sharp Financial Writers Association, held in rate profits can be expected to increase with improvement in the economy forecast for it. Despite the fact that over the postwar 1962, he intended to submit a balanced New York City. Those reading his ad­ period the share of profits in the sales dollar budget in January. But, despite this, the dress will find that he, with President has declined, there is general agreement myth prevailed. The belief that any Federal Kennedy, believes that business can do among business forecasters that total pre­ deficit would be i·nflationary no matter what more for itself than Government, and to tax corporate profits for 1962 are breaking the state of the economy encouraged specu­ the maximum extent possible, our Gov~ sharply out of the narrow range in which lation and pushed stock prices to dizzy ernment will encourage business accord­ they have moved for the past 3 years and heights. A reaction was inevitable, once ingly. will reach a new record high, well above fact prevailed over fiction-as sooner or $50 billion. These larger profits clearly jus­ later it always does. · Secretary Dillon's address follows: tify stock prices higher than would have I have heard it suggested that the decline REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE DoUGLAS DILLON, been warranted by the level of earnings that in stock prices might be somehow connected SF.cRETART OF THE TREASURY has characterized the past 3 years. with a lack of confidence in financial circles Two weeks ago President Kennedy told a With this in mind, let us look for a mo­ abroad in the efforts we are making to White House Economic Conference that we ment at the level of stock prices: Based on right the imbalance -in our international must distinguish between myth and reality Standard & Poor's averages, we find that in payments. If this were. true, it woul~ be 10298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -SENATE June 12 serious indeed. Fortunately,· the facts are for the widesp:read· sense of frustration The same is true if we are to stimulate completely to the cont~ary. There is one ·among businessmen in their dealing With the increased investment we must have to item in our balance of payments which is the Government on the depreciation prob­ speed our rate of - growth~an essential pre­ generally considered to closely reflect any lems. requisite to·the solution of our number one flight of capital. Thia 1s the item known Early last year, we determined to tackle · problem o! unemployment. Throughout the as "errors and omissions," which includes all this problem head on. We expedited the ·:fifties, the proportion of our GNP invested items not otherwise Tecorded. Until 1960, studies of the basic data that were already 1n plant and equipment steadily declined. It this item had been a favorable one in our underway so that we could receive the re­ reached a new low point last year. At the payments balance. In 1960, for the first sults by the end of 1961, rather than 1n mid- r same time, our free world competitors have time, it showed a substantial deficit in this 1962. And we started right from scratch 1n been raising the proportion of their GNP particular account-a deficit which was reexamining each and every one of the as­ -going into plant and equipment. By last continued .1n 1961. However, so far this sumptions on which the law had been ad­ year, some of them were devoting twice as year, this sensitive item has once again re­ ministered for the past 25 years. As we much of their GNP to new investment as turned to its former status as a plus in our went along, we were pleased-and a little were we--and, it is important to note, that overall payments pieture--a clear indication surprised-to find that all, or practically all, over the years, some of them have grown of growing, not lessened, confidence in the of the controversy that has long character­ twice as fast as we have. Since the level dollar. ized relations between busln.ess and govern­ of new investment has .a direct correlation The same story is told by the price of gold ment ln the admlnlstratlon of depreciation to rates of growth, we simply must increase in the free market in London, where the gy­ could be eliminated by appropriate changes our investment if we are to increase our rations of the fall of 1960 have given way in our approach. rate of growth. to a relatively stable market at prices no Accordingly, we are now preparing new, The best and surest way to obtain more in­ higher and-more often than not-lower more flexible, and more objective means of vestment in new plant -and equipment is to than the cost of buying gold in New York measuring the reasonableness of deprecia­ improve the profitability of such investment. and transporting lt overseas. All this is not tion charges claimed by taxpayers. This wlll And it was for just this reason that we surprising when we take account of the con­ allow the taxpayer to exercise judgment in chose the investment credit to complement tinuing improvement in our payments situ­ selecting depreciable lives, judgment based our administrative reform of depreciation ation. In the first quarter of 1962, despite upon his own plans for the future, rather practices. For the investment credit, an increase of more than $500 m1llion in our than forcing hlm to rely primarlly upon his­ through the operation of the simple concept Imports as compared to the unusually de­ torical experience. It will void haggling over of a return over and above original cost, is pressed level that prevailed during the first minutiae by looking to the reasonableness of by far the most powerful stimulant to profits quarter of 1961-an increase that was the the taxpayer's overall depreciation, rather of any of several possible forms of invest­ natural reflection of our economic recovery­ than to the depreciable life of each and every ment incentive. For each dollar of revenue our overall deficit turned out to be just a separate item. And lt wlll prevent the tax­ lost to the Government, it provides two or little more than $100 million larger than in payer's judgment from being controverted three times more stimulus to profits than the same quarter last year. Leaving imports except where, by an objective test, it is any other practicable form of incentive. aslde, this means that there was a solid im­ clearly not reasonable. No longer wlll a I am well aware that some ln the busi­ provement of about $400 million in all the change ln revenue agents bring with it--as ness community have been cool to the idea other elements of our balance of payments. it so often does today-a reexamination of of the investment credit. This 1s difllcult Preliminary indications for May which, depreciation practices. And industry will, to understand since the combination of the mlnd you, would include any repatriation of for the ·first time, be certain that the law credit and the forthcoming administrative foreign funds as a result of stock market ts being administered with identical results reform will, for the first time in many years, sales, indicate that it will be the best month in every part of the Unlted States. , put American industry on a comparable foot­ for our payments position since January, We have now reached the point where I ing with lts foreign competitors in the tax when the return of temporary, year-end win­ can be sure that a final draft of the new treatment of capital investment in machin­ dow-dressing outflows brought approximate provisions will be ready for l>ublication by ery and equipment. balance in our overall payments. So far this the end of this month, or early ln July. At What has been the basic reason behind year, our overall deficit appears to be running the same time that we publish our new pro­ business opposition? at an annual rate of about $1.5 billion. This cedures, we wlll also publish our revision of I am convinced that lt has been misun­ compares with last year's figure of $2.5 bil­ the Bulletin F schedule of depreciable lives, derstanding, plain and simple. In our talks lion, and the $3.5 to $4 billion deficits that reducing to some 75 overall categories-only and correspondence with business execu­ characterized the 3 preceding years. As a few of which wlll apply to any one busi­ tives, and we have talked to many of them, I have often stated, we intend to work ness-the 5,000-odd items that are presently we were frankly astonished to learn that the vigorously until the deficit is wholly elimi­ carried ln Bulletin F. Whlle we wlll have chief source of opposl tion was a widespread nated-a result we hope to achieve by the done our best to achieve truly reallstlc conviction that our investment credit pro­ end of next year. guideline lives, we will always be prepared to posal was no more than a tactical trick de­ Another myth that has been current in meet with any industry which feels that signed to avoid the very reform of deprecia­ business circles ln recent months ls the mis­ the lives assigned to it are not reasonable tion practices that we were working so t.ard conception that the Kennedy administration and fair, and to make such further adjust­ to bring about. Other businessmen thought ls pursuing an overall antibusiness policy. ments as may be mutually agreed. In this that the investment credit was merely a tem­ In discussions of the recent steel price epi­ way, we intend to keep our guideline lives porary antlrecession device and seemed not sode, the fact that the full influence of the fully current with future developments, so to hear our repeated assurances that the Government had a few days before been suc­ that they may never again reach their pres­ credit w~s designed as a permanent part of cessfully exerted to secure a noninflationary ent unrealistic status. the tax structure. It was another case of the wage settlement in steel ls too often totally All of this has required a tremendous ef­ triumph of myth over reality. disregarded. Disregarded also are other ef­ fort by the Treasury. And I must say quite We have learned, however, that opposition forts of the administration to provide a frankly that it ls diftlcult for me to compre­ to the credit ts now far less widespread than better climate for economic growth-and one might believe from the positions taken hend how an administration which is on the by certain national business associations. thus, a better climate for business in gen­ verge of carrying to fruition such an enor- ~ eral. mous and important reform to help the busi­ Our correspondence and conversations clearly I refer in particular to the major reform show that on this subject the position take:n ness community can be labeled as "anti­ by these national organizations no longer ln the administration of depreciation for business." Federal tax purposes that is now nearing accurately reflects the view of American But this is not all. It was clear business. For many businessmen have completion. Depreciation reform was one of from the very start of our efforts to assist my earliest concerns upon entering the changed their opinion during the past year business that more than realistic lives and as they have come to understand our pro­ Treasury. I found then, that despite long­ improved administration would be required standing business complaints about inequi­ posals better, and in particular as they have if we were to meet foreign competition and come to appreciate the fact that the invest­ ties ln the provisions for depreciation, little stimulate the increased investment needed had been done to improve the situation. ment credit is not intended as a substitute to spur our rate of economic growth. for, but rather as a supplement to, deprecia­ True, two basic studies had been initiated ln First, as to foreign competition: It ls a tion reform. the summer of 1960, studies that were sched­ hard fact that every other industrialized In today's atmosphere of concern over the uled for completion 2 years later, ln mld- country in the free world provides special adequacy of our rate of economic recovery, 1962. These studies bore primarily on the incentives to investment in one form or an-· one thing is crystal clear: The uncertain depreciable lives of business property. other. We can do no less if we are to com­ fate of the credit ls beyond question exerting Nothing at all had been done on the equally pete successfully in the marketplace of the a negative infiuence on business spending­ important matter of reexamining the pro­ world. We must have both the 8-percent Just at the time when an increase in plant cedures under which the guidelines f-0r de­ investment credit which ls now before' the and equipment expenditures is badly needed preciable lives were being administered. Congress and the full benefits of our new to keep our economy moving. There is no And it 1s these procedures, as much as the administrative reform if we are to mat'ch our appropriate action readily available that lives themselves, that have been responsible foreign competltor.s. would be more immediately helpful to tlle 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10299

economy than prompt enactment of the tax -~n at work for nearly a year on a pro­ As members of the Financial Writers As· credit. so that business could })ave a solld posal !or income tax r~form--a proposal sociation o! New York, you are contributing basis on which to plan for the future. basically designed to stimulate the growth o! immensely to the much-needed understand­ In the slightly longer term there is, of our economy-a proposal that wm be ready ing that la required before a truly national course, much that can be done. And we for action at the opening o! the next session consensus becomes possible. I ask you to fully intend to do it. There has been grow­ of the Congress. continue your efforts in the sure knowledge ing talk in recent weelta of the desirabllity In conclusion, let me say that the con­ that you are performing a public service of of income tax reductions as a stimulus to fusion of myth and reality, o! fact with major proportions. the economy. I, for one, am glad to hear fiction, when considering the complex eco­ such talk. To me, it portends a sympathetic nomic problems of the day, is not in our reception to the overall income tax reform national interest. The problems we face are on which we have been working since last not easy. Their solution requires the best Results of Questionnaire of Congressman year, and which was first promised by the efforts of all of us. We must not allow President in his tax message a year ago last ourselves to be diverted from the difficult Silvio 0. Conte April. This tax reform program will be tasks at hand by polemics, emotion, or prej­ ready for congressional action next January udice, unsupported by facts. There ls today and we plan to submit its general outlines a clear consensus as to our national ob­ EXTENSION OP REMARKS before the close of the present session. It jectives-a consensus that reaches from coast OJ' will not be a hasty, ill-considered reaction to coast and includes both political parties to the gyrations of the stock market. and all elements of our society. Those goals HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE Rather, it will be a fundamental restructur­ are full employment, rapid growth so that OF 114ASSACHUSETTS ing of our income tax system, designed to we may steadily improve our standard of promote the maximum of long-term eco­ living, and reasonable price stability. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic growth. In the past 4 years, we have managed to Tuesday, June 12, 1962 Over the past year, I have frequently stated attain just one of those goals-reasonable that the central element in this reform price stability. In 1958, the wholesale all­ Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, many of would be a proposal to readjust the rate commodlty price index of the Department of us here in the House question our con­ structure of the income tax. I had not Labor averaged 100.4. Last week the same stituents from time to time on the major thought it necessary to spell out the fact index read 100.2-no change in 4 years. But issues facing us in the Congress and the that readjustment necessarily meant read­ we have not been so successful in achieving entire Nation. The results of these ques­ justment downward. But in case there is our other goals. We must continue vigor­ ously to pursue full employment and rapid tionnaires are most interesting and use­ any misunderstanding, let me make clear ful to each Member in many ways. The that this 1s just what it means-a top-to­ growth-without impairing the price stability bottom reduction in the rates of income tax. that we have already achieved. Success will tabulations of the answers to my poll Naturally, any reduction wlll cost the Gov- · require not only proper Government policies, of this year indicate that the people of ernment revenue, and wlll bring with it but also public understandingandacceptance the First Congressional District of Mas­ the need to broaden the base of our tax of these policies, as well as real effort on the sachusetts are disturbed about the sug­ structure so as to offset the reductions in part of all sectors of our society. We must gested. solutions to many of the Nation's whole or in part. concentrate our efforts on genuine problems, problems and the comments that were Contrary to some crystal ball reports I and not permit ourselves to be diverted by made reinforce this conclusion. have read, there have been no decisions on exaggerated fears or hobgoblins-be they any of the details. This applies both to imaginary infiation, such as·that which pre­ Therefore, Mr. Speaker, under leave to the extent o! possible rate reductions and occupied investors last year, or an imaginary extend my remarks in the RECORD, I in­ to the !orm and extent o! possible offsetting antlbusiness campaign by the administra­ clude the following tabulations of my measures to broaden the income tax base. tion such as I fear preoccupies too many 1962 questionnaire for the scrutiny of But one !act is clear and that is we have now businessmen today. the House: Results of Congressman Conte questionnaire, June 4, 1962

Yes No Undecided Blanks

Num- Per- Num- Per- Num- Per- Num- Per- ber cent ber cent ber cent ber cent ------I. Medical aid for the aged: (a) A compulsory, federally administered plan financed by employer and employee social security payments______---______------_____ ------817 32 1,233 48 152 6 348 14 (b) A voluntary, State-administered plan financed jointly by Federal, State, and individual contributions------855 33 996 40 235 9 464 18 (c) A voluntary federally administered plan financed by increased social security taxes ______476 19 1,295 51 221 8 568 22 II. Afd to education: (a) Federal funds for public school construction ______1, 597 63 683 ZT 110 4 160 6 (b) Federal funds for public school teachers salaries------643 25 1,561 61 149 6 197 8 (c) Federal funds for private college-level institutions ______647 2.5 1,500 59 206 8 197 8 ill. Tax revision: (a) A withholding tax on income from interest and dividends------756 30 1,486 58 161 6 147 6 (b) Presidential authority to raise and lower taxes under emergency conditions ______585 23 1,545 61 ~ 8 211 8 (c) Tax relief for families with children in college------1,530 60 712 28 176 7 132 5 IV. National budget: (a) A balanced budget and reduction of the national debt------2,066 81 102 4 174 208 8 V. Vari~Js rs!~~~tion ofnondefense Federal spending------1,868 73 293 12 184 205 8 (a) Creation of a cabinet-level Department of Urban A.fi'airs------836 33 992 39 420 17 302 11 (b) Federal Government fallout shelter program __ ------483 19 1,509 59 397 16 161 6 (c) All Massachusetts Congressmen running at-large rather than from specific districts ______230 9 2,004 79 205 8 111 4 VI. Foreign aid program: (a} Continued economic aid under the foreign aid program to nations committed as our allles __ 1, 907 75 353 14 160 6 124 5 (b) Continued military aid to nations committed as our allies------1,870 73 281 11 181 7 218 9 (c) Economic aid to- (1) PolandYugoslavia ______------__ ------______495 19 1,286 50 447 18 322 13 (2) 564 22 l, 230 48 422 17 334 13 (3) Egypt------550 22 1, 158 45 499 20 343 13 ((5)4) IndiaIndonesia ______------______----___ ----______659 26 835 33 557 22 499 19 979 38 834 32 447 18 290 12 (6) Newly independent but neutral nations------1,397 55 437 17 408 16 308 12 VII. Berlin: (a) .The President's policy on Berlin to date------1,707 67 247 10 313 12 283 11 (b) Refusal to negotiate until Russian pressure against the West in :Berlin is relieved and dropped as a threat------1,822 72 335 13 191 7 202 8 (c) A summit meeting in the near future on the Berlin problem ______845 33 899 35 519 20 'lZ1 12 Vill. Foreign policv: (a) Tariff and quota reductions in an atte~t to maintain present favorable foreign trade (b) C position with the· European Common arket------1, 771 70 270 10 330 13 179 7 ontinued economfC and military assistance to South Vietnam against communism ______1,893 74 215 8 307 12 136 6 (c) Continuation of the Peace Corps------1, 651 65 349 14 419 16 131 5 (d) Purchase by the United States of up to $100,000,000 of United Nations bonds ______1,032 40 865 34 613 20 HO 6 10300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 12 The U.N. Bond Issue· your taxes. I 'take you to Washington now billion dollars. Of course, this is inere pea­ t, - for his statement. nuts to the prodigal sons of socialism who BYRD OPPOSES PURCHASE OF U.N. BONDS have conjured up the $92 billion spending EXTENSION OF REMARKS plan.which the President has ·just unfolded, Senator BYRD. I am very proud to liave a OJ' but it is very important money to the thou­ few moments on Dean Manion's program. I sands of American wage earners from whom HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT want t9 say that I shall oppose, to the ut­ most of my capacity, the announced pro­ it will be withheld by the Government. OF CALIFORNIA posal that the U.S. Government should pur­ This unprecedented spending program will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have to be cut drastically if we are to escape chase half of a $200 mill1on United Nations the collapse of the dollar in run-away infla­ Tuesday, June 12, 1962 bond issue. I oppose this for three ·reasons: First, it tion. But it is difficult to believe that Con­ gress will cut this budget anywhere, if its Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, last would be financially unsound. Second, it statesmanship is not sharp enough to ampu­ January Senator HARRY F. BYRD, of Vir­ would be participation in an international tate this absurd appendage quickly and ginia, discussed the United Nations bond scheme to coerce United Nations membership decisively. · , issue on the "Manion Forum." The (member nations) to pay for projects of which they do not approve. Third, it would U.N. BOND PURCHASE ONLY DOWNPAYMENT "Manion Forum" is a weekly radio pro­ be the entering wedge for many millions of Senator BYRD has stated three good rea­ gram hosted by Clarence E. Manion, similar bonds. These would be 25-year sons why Congress should refuse to stultify former dean of the school of law at Notre bonds at 2 percent interest. Their purchase itself by approval of this hypocritical trans­ Dame University. I think Senator would be unsound under any and all tests action. On the other hand, the President BYRD'S comments should be printed in for prudent financial investment. has given us no reason why Congress should the RECORD. In addition, the U.S. Government itself comply with his request-except the gratui­ His comments follow: is operating on a deficit financing basis. The tous assertion that it is in our interest to present Federal debt limitation is at its keep the U.N. solvent, and to force its mem­ THE U.N. BOND ISSUE: A WORTHLESS INVEST­ statutory limit approaching $300 b1llion. bers to pay their share of the expenses in­ MENT AND A DANGEROUS PRECEDENT The administration is now requesting an curred in such a palpable violation of the (By Dean Clarence E. Manion and U.S. increase in the debt ceiling. U.N. Charter as the current invasion of the Senator HARRY F. BYRD) From the standpoint of sound financing, Congo. Dean MANION. I want to document this it does not make sense to sell U.S; bonds at Even if these objectives were desirable, discussion today with statements by one of nearly 4 percent interest to buy United Na­ neither of them would be accomplished by the alltime great men of America, Senator tions bonds, of no value, at 2 percent this bond transaction. This $100 million of HARRY F. BYRD of Virginia. Nearly 30 years interest. your money would be merely a downpay­ have passed since this most unusual man What nations are going to pay increased ment on our assumed and continuing obli­ turned up in the U.S. Senate after making assessments, to pay the interest and redeem gation to underwrite all future debts of the a sensational record for economy and good the bonds? Where will the purchasers of the United Nations, even when those debts are government as Governor of his native State. bonds look for relief in the event of default? incurred in the course of helping commu­ It is ironical, to say the least, that during The financial crisis in the United Nations nism and opposing the best interests of the this extended period of his continuous serv­ has been brought about largely by the re­ United States. ice in the Senate, the fiscal position of the fusal of such nations as France, Belgium, The President began his state of the Union Federal Government deteriorated progres­ Portugal, the U.S.S.R. and others to pay spe­ message with a reference to the Constitu­ sively to its present point of grave, clear, cial assessments for so-called peace and se­ tion, but he had definitely dropped and de­ and imminent danger to the value of our curity operations. These so-called peace and parted from that subje'ct when he reached dollar. · security operations include the expenses of the recommendation that the American tax­ We may take consolation from the proba­ the United Nations troops in the Congo and payers be made to bail out the moral and bility that without Senator BYRD'S persisting in the Middle East. These expenses are now financial bankruptcy of the United Nations. remonstrances in the Senate, and particu­ running $10 million a month in the Congo The Constitution does not empower the larly as chairman of the powerful Senate and $1,600,000 a month in the Gaza Strip. President-the Congress, nor both together Finance Committee, reckless, unbridled Fed­ There is no penalty for refusal to pay spe­ to finance the obligations of a world organi­ eral spending would have forced us into na­ cial assessments in the United Nations. The zation. tional bankruptcy and centralized socialism failure to pay regular U.N. budget assess­ The powers of the U.S. Government are long ago. ments for 2 years results in loss of voting limited and specified by constitutional pro­ Five years haye gone by since Sen_ator BYRD rights in the General Assembly of the United visions which the President, along with all made his first appearance on the "Manion Nations. Senators and Representatives, has sworn to Forum." Before we hear him speak today, It is proposed to redeem these bonds and uphold and maintain. It is true, unfortu­ I want you to listen to what he had to say pay the interest by regular assessments. nately, that Supreme Court decisions have at that time. Here is Senator BYRD speaking This scheme appears to be a plan for the given our international treaties a supercon­ over this ·microphone in April 1957: coercion of nations, including some of our stitutional status which effectively repeals "OUr country is mortgaged to the hilt at friends as well as the Communists, who constitutional provisions with which those this moment. The $275 billion Federal debt oppose certain U.N. special projects of con­ treaties conflict. But there is nothing in the that you and I owe, equals the full assessed ducting wars to the extent of not wishing to treaty called the United Nations Charter value of all the land, all the buildings, all pay for them. which obliges the United States or any rati­ the mines, all the machinery, all the facto­ Coercion is unworthy of the United N.ations, fying government to buy the securities of ries, all the livestock-everything of tangible which was intended to be an international that all but defunct organization. value in the United States of America. organization dedicated to peace and good will By the provisions of this charter, the "In addition we have another $250 billion in the world. Long-term bond issues by United Nations organization is expressly pro­ of contingent liabilities-the obligations such an organization as the U.N., which hibited from interfering in the domestic af­ which our Government has guaranteed, such exists only through the cooperation of more fairs of member nations (section 7, article as $40 blllion worth of possible losses on than 100 nations, are unsound under the best 11), and without this provision it is certain Federal housing • • • there's a limit be­ possible conditions. This precedent should that the charter would never have been yond which even a country as great and rich ratified by the U.S. Senate. not be established. But its charter to the contrary notwith­ as ours cannot go. I think we've reached it." Dean MANION,. Thank you, Senator BYRD, ("Manion Forum" broadcast No. 135, Apr. 28, standing, the U.N. has, nevertheless, invaded 1957.) . for this clear warning against a proposal the Congro and made war upon Katanga, an which is both fantastic and hypocritical. That was Senator BYRD, in 1957, when we autonomous, responsible, and anti-Commu­ Of all the ornaments on President Kennedy's nist province of that troubled co•1ntry that were already up against the borders of bank­ new Christmas tree budget this is, by all odds, ruptcy. Where are we now? is trying to escape control of a central Congo the most grotesque. Government dominated by Communist influ­ Our direct published Federal debt is no Remembering what you told us, Senator, longer $275 billion. It is now up to the legal ences. about the desperation of our fiscal situation Unfortunately, the U.S. Government has limit of $298 blllion. President Kennedy in­ 5 years ago, and observing the aggravation openly and directly supported this illegal sists that this legal debt limit must be raised of that condition now, it is easy to under­ by $10 b1111on to $308 b1111on. · invasion of the Congo by the U.N., and this stand your apprehension when the President in spite of the fact that our anti-Communist . He needs more borrowing power for ex­ proposes to borrew more money at 4 percent allies in the NATO organization have re­ penditures already authorized and for other in order to lend it to a worthless creditor at fused to do so. multibillion-dollar spending projects called 2 percent. for in pis pending budget for 1963. It was· in the course of this expensive, My friends, coming from the President of illegal, military invasion that most of the One of these additional expenditures is the United States, this is a thoroughly alarm­ unpayable debt of the U.N. has been in­ the President's proposed purchase of $100 ing proposal and I am sure that you share curred and this it has decided to fund.with million worth of United Nations bonds. the concern that Senator BYRD has just the worthless bond issue in which President . I have asked Senator BYRD to tell us what expressed. This U.N. bond transaction cans Kennedy has offered to invest the_.taxpay­ he thinks about. this proposed. investment of tor the deliberate waste of -one-tenth of a ers' money. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10301 This entire transaction from beginning to United States shall furnish no aid or munlst-supported and Cqmmunist-armed end ts shot through with illegality. ·The assistance to any foreign nation or citi­ Arab foes. · U.S. Government is not omnipotent in spite zen thereof in carrying out any activity I returned recently from a trip to South of the fact that constitutional restrictions America, where I was a delegate to the and limitations upon its powers are treated under which American citizens will .be Inter-American Development Bank Confer­ as a grim and ghastly joke in many quar­ discriminated against. ' · ence. I came back with a measure of new ters of official Washington today. Congressman HALPERN was recently hope for the program envisaged by our Gov­ The Constitution does not empower our honored by the Queens Hadassah in New ernment's Alliance for Progress. The diffi­ Government to pay the debts of tne United York City as its "Man of the Year" and culties we face there are tremendous, but at Nations, but it does direct Congress to pay on that occasion delivered an eloquent least something of a start has been made. the debts of the United States. The Presi­ I regret, however, to reflect today on our dent now asks Congress to perform its con­ speech stressing the need for and desir­ policies in another part of the world, the stitutional obligation in reverse; namely, by ability of including that language in the Near East. I must tell you that ·our rela­ ·increasing the debt of this country in order foreign aid bill. Mr. HALPERN'S address tions with the Arab States are emerging as to pay the debts of the U.N. follows, and I urge its careful consid­ an "alliance without progress." No informed person has any illusions about eration: In South America, the Alliance is quite the realities of what the President is pro­ STRAIN IN AMERICAN-ISRAEL RELATIONS rightly linking reform and social justice with posing. The U.N. bonds that we will get U.S. assistance. But I am dismayed to wit­ for our $100 million are completely worth­ (Text of address of Hon. SEYMOUR HALPERN, ness the United States working, at this very less. As Senator BYRD has said, these bonds Representative from New York, delivered moment, along with West Germany and Eng­ are merely the entering wedge for more of at the convention of Queens Hadas­ land, on an agreement to provide Nasser's the same. sah, on receiving its Man of the Year Egypt with huge new sums of money. The If we buy these bonds, we will simply be Award, Sheraton-Atlantic Hotel, New United States, of course, would be the heav­ paying the debts of the U.N. and establish­ York City, June 5, 1962) iest contributor in the consortium. ing a precedent for repeating that perform­ It is with great pride that I receive this Let me make it clear that I favor the ance again and again as long as the U.N. ls honor tonight from my dear friends in principle of international assistance. But alive, and, you may be sure that it will oblige Queens Hadassah. I shall prominently dis­ I simply cannot understand the contrast be­ us by staying alive, just as long as we pay play this award; I shall cherish it all the tween the Alliance for Progress philosophy the bills-but no longer. days of my life and I shall always do my of human justice in Latin America and the Besides Senator BYRD, is anybody in Wash­ utmost to justify the thoughts which "alllance without progress" in Egyptian­ ington concerned about the constitutional prompted you to give it to me. American relations. Dictator Nasser will obligation of Congress to pay the debts of I am honored, too, to be invited here to­ condescend to accept our assistance. How­ our Government? Is the debt and the legal night, and to participate in so fine a meet­ ever, Egypt shows no indication whatever debt limit to be raised automatically and ing where I see so many old friends, and of obeying United Nations resolutions indefinitely forever? hope to come away with some new bonds against the Egyptian boycotts and block­ The President promises to balance his pre­ of friendship. ades which affect, not just Israel, but also posterous budget with increased revenues In all this joyous atmosphere and in the the United States and American citizens. extorted from taxpayers. Let us hope that festive spirit of Israel's recent 14th anni­ Those truly concerned with human rights he can fulfill this promise, but a balanced versary celebration, I must admit a heavy wait in tense agony as the news arrives budget does not mean debt reduction, and heart. I am worried about American-Israel from Algeria with reports of terrorism and debt reduction and ultimate payment of the relations, and I am taking the liberty of Arab attacks on Jews, once more the inno­ debt is what is prescribed by the Consti­ discussing my thoughts here-for what cent scapegoats of history caught in the tur­ tution and what is required now unless the more appropriate place could there be, than bUlent storm of revolution. Radio Cairo value of our dollar is to be scrapped by com­ at a Hadassah meeting, for the instilling of brags that Washington .is about to provide plete socialism. ideas and for the generation of energy, Egypt with huge new assistance and dollars, Over this microphone some months ago, which might contribute to putting the with no strings attached. The same Egyp­ Congressman SAMUEL DEVINE, of Ohio, pro­ United States and another great democracy tian broadcast simultaneously boasts of Mos­ posed a concrete approach to necessary debt in a. more positive relationship than the lem forces in new, independent Algeria join­ reduction which he has embodied in a bill present course now indicates. ing with the Arab armies in a new drive to now pending before Congress. ("Manion I tell you quite frankly that policymak­ wlpe out Israel. · Forum" broadcast No. 850.) This measure ing officials in Washington have embarked The State Department knows very well would require 10 percent of the Federal on a reckless pursuit of the illusion of Arab that Algerian Arab terrorists received So­ Government's estimated annual tax collec­ friendship at a frantic pace, and at inde­ viet weapons, and even Russian training. tions to be applied to Federal debt reduction. scribable cost. Noble words about Israel's The Department also knows that Soviet arms Is it unreasonable to make such a provi­ anniversary, uttered from the highest levels continue to move into ·Egypt, Syria, and sion for systematic reduction of our own in our Government, including the State De­ other Moslem states. debt before we agree to pick up the tab for partment, unfortunately leave us with Mr. Chester Bowles recently went to Cairo all the other governments of the world and somewhat of a hollow ring. and met with Nasser, as President Kennedy's raise our own debt and legal debt limit in I was pleased to take the fioor of the personal representative. Mr. Bowles later order to do so? House, only a few weeks ago, to join in a reported that the time had come for the The President's answer is "Yes." But the tribute to Israel's anniversary. We cele­ United States to try to improve relations with President is not your master; on the con­ brated a holiday sacred to Israel, and very Egypt. He also thought Egypt should con­ trary, he is your servant and so are the meaningful to a multitude of Americans centrate on raising living standards, and not Members of Congress. It is not what they without regard to political or religious on raising huge radio transmitters to broad­ say but what you say that counts. Get a persuasion. cast propaganda, which, I might add, is fre­ copy of Congressman DEVINE's bill (H.R. There is a tremendous emotional, frater­ quently irresponsible, anti-American, and 2471), and send it to your Senators and nal, and national involvement-a sense of favorable to the Sino-Soviet bloc. The congressman along with your direction that shared pride in Israel's progress. After all, Bowles mission presented a mammoth pro­ they vote to kill the President's U.N. bond America and Americans played a vital role, posal of an expanded long-range program of purchase proposal. a saga activated and implemented by your economic aid to Nasser. own great organization, in the rebirth of Yet, now, with no commitment whatever Israel after 2,000 years of Jewish exile and from Cairo as to a more peaceful course in­ suffering. volving Israel as well as Egyptian designs Strain in American-Israel Relations It 1s therefore only natural that Amer­ for hegemony over her Arab neighbors, we icans who love freedom and ·justice enjoy have the spectacle of a gigantic handout in a vicarious triumph in knowing that Israel the offing. EXTENSION OF REMARKS achieved another successful year. Israel As if this were not bad enough. But what 011' marched forward, consolidating her strength, makes matters even more repugnant ls a re­ building her institutions, and obtaining port, by the Cairo correspondent of the New HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT growing status in the family of nations as York Times, that Nasser ls very cool to ac­ OF CALIFORNIA a responsible democracy. cepting this aid unless the United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But I would be less than honest, here promises to help keep Israel out of the Euro­ among friends whose hearts beat with mine pean Common Market. Imagine that. Tuesday, June 12, 1962 and whose tears :flow with mine, 1! I did Thus. the man who seeks to rule all the not report honestly to you. Frankly, I am Middle East wants the United States to as­ Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker~ my worried-yes, distressed-a& Israel enters its sist him in crippling the economy of Israel, colleague,. the Honorable SEYMOUR HAL­ 15th year. and holds out as his price the acceptance of PERN, . recently joined me in th~ intro­ ISrael seeks only to extend the hand ot our foreign aid plan. duction of. a bill we proposed to include friendship to America and the free world How ironic. How ridiculous. But this ls ·in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1962 to -while striving to survive the cold and hot the bold reality of a veey serious situation provide that the Government of · the wars implacably waged. against her by Com- which unfortunately, in the vast world 10302 CONGRESSIONAL. RECOJ;lD - SENATE . scheme of things, has not been, .focuseq into in the Near East? And even provide the cul­ pease admittedly discriminatory Arab tactics proper perspective. This is a ,symbol, not of. prits with a : stepladder and prior notice that .. i:µ . order ~o ser.v~ ~iii>lomatic endf!:!, I fail to / 1 progress but of regreasi<;>n, and I shall add, police are ·off duty in that area. - ~e how much has been accomplished ·by such but of blatant appeasement. Mr. Frederick Dutton, an Assistant Secre­ appeasem~nt, · a d~:pressfng _deJ?iµ-ture from Are we to reward Nasser. for blacklisting. tary of State, wrote me very recently in an Americ:an dignity and tradition. We need American ships that dare. to trade with Is­ attempt to justify the flow of Soviet arms to only look at so many of the Aiab States' rael? Are we to reward Nasser for denying Syria. In an amazing reference, he white­ votes in the Unite.ct Nations. We need only his own citizens due process of law? Are washed the Syrian-Soviet arms deals by· to look at the treatment we received at the we to ignore the expropriations and seizures stating that I must be aware of what he hand of Saudi Arabia in connection with the that we condemned so loudly when com­ termed "the policy of the United States not airfi_eld we built there.. Despi~e every con­ mitted by Fidel Castro, Nasser's good friend to become a major supplier of arms in the ceivable sacrifice of principle and decency in Cuba? Near East." This being the case, he said, we've been kicked off this field with the ex­ Does this mean that Israel should look on "Certain of the Arab States have secured the piration of the agreement this last April. with calm reassurance when Soviet muni­ bulk of their military equipment from other We need only look at the Soviet guns,· tanks, tions, jet bombers, rockets and arms of the sources." jets, and even submarines now forming the latest design from Russian factories, together Now, this is insulting to our intelligence. basic armed strength of the main Arab with Soviet bloc military instructors, con­ The United States is providing military as­ armies, especially those of Egypt and Syria, tinue to arrive at the ports of Egypt? sistance to Jordan. We also find American linking those countries logistically with the Through our dollars are we to indirectly fi­ arms in the arsenals of Lebanon, Jordan, Soviet munitions factories and Soviet mili­ nance this arms flow from the Sino-soviet Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Soviet arms are piled tary instructors. bloc to Egypt? If Nasser is sincerely con­ high i:i;i the arsenals and airports of Syria, I respectfully submit that the time has cerned with improving his economy and Egypt, and other Arab States. Yet to this come when we must set forth standards of peaceful development, why does he need jet very day, Washington authorities continue to conduct by recipient nations toward United bombers and rockets? deny mllltary assistance to Israel· to defend States citizens as a qualification for our The same State Department that drafted herself ·against · the forces, armed by both economic assistance. And this should be the new "alliance without progress" for America and Russia, who openly announce spelled out without qualification. ·Having a American-Egyptian relations also is telling dedication to Israel's destruction by force of declaration of policy is obviously not enough. us that the United States must not currently arms. The executive branch has ignored the sense press for Arab-Israel peace at the United Arab goals are being realized in Algeria of Congress as we have solemnly expressed Nations. What happened tO the high­ and elsewhere. The time has come for an it.· We owe it to the self-respect of the soundlng promises about the White House Arab "alliance for progress" which would. American public, as well as to the highest taking initiative for Arab-Israel peace? be peaceful and productive, which we could national interest, to now establish a firm When Israel defended herself in March and should support. But, instead, we are position . and incorporate mandatory lan­ against attacks on Lake Tiberlas, the State witnessing an Arab "alliance for aggression" guage into the pending Mutual Assistance Department rushed to the United Nations which we must strongly oppose. No Ameri­ Act legislation. with a resolution heaping blame on one can loans should go to a nation that uses Surely, this amendment is consistent with side, Israel's side, in a two-sided dispute. her assets for purchase of Russian arms. the President's own expressed objective, Was this a move to persuade Nasser to ac­ Congressman JAMES RoosEVELT of Califor­ which he · has made clear to Congress, but cept our money, so the Arabs could buy more nia and I have submitted an amendment to which, regretfully, has not.been carried out Russian arms? the Mutual Security Act which would deny by hi~ own executive branch. He has said If what I fear is true, there ls emerging American assistance to any nation that dis­ on various occasions that he . wants foreign in the Near East something I could not even criminates against Americans on a basis of aid linked with the promotion of social jus­ term an "alliance without.progress." I would religion by seeking to impose blockades and tice and morality. I might add that the call it an "alliance. for retrogression." boycotts. platforms of both our political parties make The same State Department that is so As you know, in the past few years, strong pledges to combat foreign discrimina­ upset about the Communist threat to Laos, amendments to the Mutual Security Act tion against Americans, on a basis of reli­ the same officials who advised us t.o dispatch have expressed the sense of Congress that the gion, especially through travel barriers, boy­ Marines to Thailand just a few days ag9, .and President should use executive discre.tlon in cotts, and blockades. are terrified by Communist penetration in denying assistance to such nations that dis­ Well, if these principles are to be realized Southeast Asia, seem to be indifferent or criminate against American citizens and in­ and not just remain as high-sounding ideals, blind to the continuing flow of Communist terests on any arbitrary and insulting basis then Congress should adopt the mandatory arms into the Arab States. of the religious faith of our fellow country­ provisions of our. bill. Am I to understand that Americans are men. I feel this is-the only answer. This is the prepared to fight and die in Southeast Asia Congress has made it known that this is least we can do, at this late date, to remedy against one faction of Communist-armed an intolerable situation by a number of ex­ a situation that has persisted too long. It is fanatics, while Israel is supposed to pas­ pressions contained in various measures apparent the compromise of principle has sively submit to attacks from another fac­ adopted by overwhelming votes through the marred our national countenance. The day tion of Communist-armed fanatics on her years. Congress has looked to the State De­ is gone when we can sit quietly and permit borders? We recall that the Syrian troops partment and the Chief Executive for im­ nations soliciting our assistance to discrim­ who fired into Israel territory, killing and plementing action. So have all of you, but inate against our citizens with impunity. wounding Israelis, used Soviet guns. Soviet we regret to observe, despite flagrant viola­ I might add that either that day is gone instructors taught the Arabs how to use tions of the principle of these provisions, the or our national dignity, our heritage, are those guns. Shortly after the United States sense of Congress has been ignored. That is going sadly undefended. denounced Israel for ·fighting back, Syria why Mr. RoosEVELT and I advocate legisla­ When will we reassert our right to respect announced that it was obtaining even more tion to make mandatory this denial of aid in the family of nations? The least we can Soviet arms. to violator-nations. We are convinced that do is to refuse to finance regimes that dip Friends, the situation ls ridiculous. · The Congress must move without reservation to our flag in the dirt by intolerable demon­ State Department feels we should fight in insure respect for its expressed position on strations of bigotry against millions of our Southeast Asia, but that Israel has no· right the denial of assistance to those nations that citizens. to defend itself in the Near East. The State openly maintain a national policy of dis­ Are nations to be permitted to take Ameri­ Department is even preparing .a loan that criminating against Americans. can friendship for granted, regardless of their would permit the Arabs to bring niore Rus­ The offenders, as you know, are not our conduct toward Americans? sian arms into the Middle East. That is . allies. They allege to be ''neutrals,'' but Our historic national tradition has charted why I say that some of the so-called greet­ most often vote against free world interests proud precedents. In 1885, the United States ings oft"ered Israel by the State Department generally, and against America specifically, refused to accept protests by Austria-Hun­ on Israel's anniversary had a hollow ring. while repeatedly siding with the Soviet gary on the appointment of our Ambassador I submit that it was diplomatically stupid Union, at the United Nations. These Arab to that kingdom because the designee's wife and contrary to the best American interests League States not only bar Americans of happened to be of Jewish faith. to censure Israel for defending herself Jewish faith from access to their territory In 1911, the United States abrogated a against Soviet-armed, pro-Communist Arab but have entered into a coordinated boycott trade treaty with czarist Russia, in effect collaborators. It was, even in kind lan­ undertaking to punish American merchant since 1832, because of Russian mistreatment guage-shameful. In substance, to curry the ships and manufacturers solely because these of, .American citizens of Jewish faith. questionable favor of the Arab States we firms, regardless of the personal religious ·In 1924, we protested to Switzerland sold our free-world friend, Israel, down the convictions of their owners, dare to trade against exclusion of Americans of the Mor­ Jordan. · with Israel, a democratic state friendly to mon faith. Are .we· to . tell the Arabs, in effect, that America and closely aligned with the free bµr vigorous repeated protests to Fascist they can get away with murder against world. This boycott even applies to doing Italy and Nazi Germany are also part of that Israel? . Will not this invite aggression that business with American firms here, whose "history. · · might set off a world confiagration? What otncers or employees are of the Jewish faith. In 1956, our President, then a Senator of sense is it to close, one window in Laos, It has been alleged, from time to time, by -the United. States, described Egypt's Nasser Jl.gainst the aggressors, but to open another State Depar.tment officia.ls that we must ap- as "the chief prov.ocateur against the West." 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE 10303 Last year, at the United Nations General President, the Secretary of State, and our future of Israel-American relations. If this Assembly, Mr. Nasser voted with the Soviet - Ambassador to the United Nations, is not is done, I am confident that mistakes will be Union on 53 occasions, but only f\'.>Ur only did we support the censure resolution corrected and new paths found so that we times with America. Egypt's discrimination_ but we cosponsored it. - can, in _good conscience, anticipate a happy against our shipping, and otherwise affecting I wish Mr. Dutton or Mr. Rusk--Or some­ fifteenth anniversary of Israel. our citizens, continues unabated. But, as I one would explain what . appears to be a lot Zionists know from the depths of their said earlier, now we are giving increased as­ of doubletalk. They might as well admit experience that the "watchman of Israel" sistance to Egypt. their decision to woo the Arabs at Israel's must not sleep and must not slumber. It The program for giving these new huge expense. is a duty to be a watchman of Israel, it is sums to Egypt must be reviewed at all levels I believe Israel is entitled to more than also an honor. and I assure you that I will do my part in empty phrases from the executive depart­ The crisis of Ztonism is also the crisis of Congress toward this end. The voice of ment. I believe that American citizens Judaism. Zionism fulfilled becomes a chief Congress, and of the people, will be hearq would be remiss if they did not challenge, source of nourishment of Judaism. Zionism, on this issue, you may rest assured. But in America's own interest, the tragic tendency through the State of Israel, has revived all the action and vital voice and guidance of now apparent. aspects of Jewish life. the ZOA are needed at this dangerous America must tell Israel that, despite our At the Ideological Conference in Jerusa­ moment. recent travesty at the United Nations and lem, some years ago, Foreign Minister Golda I know you will neither evade the chal­ despite the disquieting reports about mas­ Meir made a paradoxical statement. During lenge nor minimize the dangers. sive handouts to an aggressive Egypt, we will a debate about Israel and the diaspora, she The State Department told me, and I quote reconsider and alter policies before it is too said that "when I meet my American friends, verbatim, that "should hostilities recur in late. women who are my contemporaries, I am the region-the Near East-we are convinced Let us today renew our determination to sorry for them. They worry about their the aggrieved party should take full advan­ stand by our friend and true ally, the State grandchildren. My grandchildren are in a tage of the United Nations peace-keeping of Israel. We must do this in our own kibbutz in the Negev, but I am absolutely instrumentalities so readily available in the national interest. Let us soberly remember, sure about them." area." and remind the State Department, that Is­ Her confidence is understandable. Grand­ How in heaven's name can Israel take "full rael is the only nation in the world which, children in the Negev may pose problems advantage of the United Nations peace­ menaced by Soviet-equipped forces, turned concerning health or physical safety. But keeping instrumentalities"? We just wit­ to America to join our military assistance there are no problems in the matter of the nessed the tragic and cynical spectacle of program, to defend herself against commu­ "Jewish" survival of the grandchildren. She April 9 when the United States, for mis­ nism and aggression, only to be rejected by might have to worry about defense, but not guided notions of expediency, joined with the us as so tragically evidenced by the United about the strategy of keeping her offspring Soviet Union, and other big powers on the Nations censure resolution. Jewish. Security Council, against Israel, a besieged The ~asion of Israel's recent anniversary The Zionist movement revived Israel, and small country that valiantly sought to de- will be truly significant if we now take in­ continues to serve. Today, Israel is reviving fend herself. - ventory of the entire picture and genera~ the Jewish people and Judaism itself. That What made this move all the more-deplor­ here a new realization of the dangers, and is the true dimension of our challenge and able, as I pointed out in my message to the embark on action to insure the healthy our reward.

THE JOURNAL ernment Operations and the Committee SENATE On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by on Aeronautical and Space Sciences were authorized to meet today durfug the ses- WEDNESDAY, Ju:i-m i3, 1962 unanimous consent. the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, sion of the Senate. - The Senate met at 11 o'clock a.m .. June ~2. 1962, was dispensed with. and was called to order -by the Vice EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, President. ETC. Rabbi David Berent. Congregation MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ APPROVAL OF BILLS Beth .;racob, ~ewiston; Maine, offered the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before following prayer: Messages in writing from the Presi­ the Senate the following letters, which were referred as indicated: O Heavenly Father, Thou Master dent of the United States were com­ municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, CONTINUATION OF LAND ACQUISITION Architect of the universe; reverently we one of his secretaries, and he announced - PROGRAM ask Thy blessing upon the Government that the President had approved and A letter from the Administrator, National of the United States of America and signed the following acts: Aeronautics and Space Administration, upon all who govern by the consent of Washington, D.c .. reporting, pursuant to this people. On June 12, 1962: law, on the transfer of -funds from the S. 1962. An act for the relief of Kenneth "Salaries and expenses" appropriation for Do Thou bless these representatives of David Wooden; the people of this Republic. Grant them fiscal year 1962 to the "Construction of S. 2011. An ·act for the relief of Antonia facilities" appropriation for that year to wisdom and understanding in their de­ Longfield-Smith; and permit continuation of the land acquisition liberations. - Sanctify their purposes as S. 2099. An act for the relief of Tina Jane program for the expansion of launch facili­ they serve Thee and their people, and Beland. ties at Cape Canaveral, Fla.; to the Com­ hallow their lives as they give of them­ On June 13, 1962: mittee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. S. 107. An act to authorize the Secretary selves in dedication. of the Interior to construct, operate, and FACILITATION OF WORK OF DEPARTMENT OF Make us restless, O Lord, for Thy maintain the Navajo Indian irrigation proj­ AGRICULTURE sake and for the sake of Thy children. ect and the initial stage of the San Juan­ A letter from the Secretary of Agriculture, Give us turbulence of mind and distress Chama project as participating projects of transmitting a draft of proposed legislation of conscience as long as men are en­ the Colorado River storage project, and for to facilitate the work of the Department of slaved, discriminated against. and per­ other purposes. Agriculture, and for other purposes (with secuted. Let us feel offended when we accompanying papers); to the Committee on want to be serene, indignant when we Agriculture and Forestry. want to be at ease. In this world which LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING AMENDMENT OF SECTION 12(10) OF AREA is becoming transformed before our -as­ MORNING HOUR REDEVELOPMENT ACT tonished eyes, help us to learn and to On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by A letter from the Under Secretary of Com­ teach that we must welcome freedom unanimous consent. statements during merce, transmitting a draft of proposed leg­ islation to amend section 12(10) of the Area and human dignity-not resist it-. Help the morning hour were ordered limited Redevelopment · Act (with accompanying us to learn and to teach not merely that to 3 minutes. papers); to the Committee on Banking a_nd resistance to freedom is futile, but a Currency. defiance of Thine image and Thy name. COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING REPORT ON REVIEW OF NONCASH GRANT-IN­ Give us, _O _God, guided leaders, instead Am CREDITS ALLOWED FOR PuBLICLY OWNED of guided missiles. May the words of SENATE SESSION - PARKING FACILITIES, HOUSING AND HOMi!: our mouth and the meditations of our On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by FINANCE AGENCY heart be for Thy sake and for the sake unanimous consent, the Investigations -A letter from -the Comptroller General ot of all Thy children. Amen. Subcommittee of the Committee on Gov- the u .nited States, transmitting, pursuant to