Are Phylogeographic Patterns Related to Exposure to Ocean Acidifcation?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
1 Creating a Species Inventory for a Marine Protected Area: the Missing
Katherine R. Rice NOAA Species Inventory Project Spring 2018 Creating a Species Inventory for a Marine Protected Area: The Missing Piece for Effective Ecosystem-Based Marine Management Katherine R. Rice ABSTRACT Over the past decade, ecosystem-based management has been incorporated into many marine- management administrations as a marine-conservation tool, driven with the objective to predict, evaluate and possibly mitigate the impacts of a warming and acidifying ocean, and a coastline increasingly subject to anthropogenic control. The NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) is one such administration, and was instituted “to serve as the trustee for a network of 13 underwater parks encompassing more than 600,000 square miles of marine and Great Lakes waters from Washington state to the Florida Keys, and from Lake Huron to American Samoa” (NOAA, 2015). The management regimes for nearly all national marine sanctuaries, as well as other marine protected areas, have the goal of managing and maintaining biodiversity within the sanctuary. Yet none of those sanctuaries have an inventory of their known species nor a standardized protocol for measuring or monitoring species biodiversity. Here, I outline the steps required to compile a species inventory for an MPA, but also describe some of stumbling blocks that one might encounter along the way and offer suggestions on how to handle these issues (see Appendix A: Process for Developing the MBNMS Species Inventory (PD-MBNMS)). This project consists of three research objectives: 1. Determining what species inventory efforts exist, how they operate, and their advantages and disadvantages 2. Determining the process of creating a species inventory 3. -
Reproduction, Population Dynamics and Production of Nereis Falsa (Nereididae: Polychaeta) on the Rocky Coast of El Kala National Park, Algeria
Helgol Mar Res (2011) 65:165–173 DOI 10.1007/s10152-010-0212-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reproduction, population dynamics and production of Nereis falsa (Nereididae: Polychaeta) on the rocky coast of El Kala National Park, Algeria Tarek Daas • Mourad Younsi • Ouided Daas-Maamcha • Patrick Gillet • Patrick Scaps Received: 8 January 2010 / Revised: 1 July 2010 / Accepted: 2 July 2010 / Published online: 18 July 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2010 Abstract The polychaete Nereis falsa Quatrefages, 1866 N. falsa was 1.45 g m-2 year-1, and the production/bio- is present in the area of El Kala National Park on the East mass ratio was 1.07 year-1. coast of Algeria. Field investigations were carried out from January to December 2007 to characterize the populations’ Keywords Nereididae Á Population dynamics Á reproductive cycle, secondary production and dynamics. Production Á Reproduction Reproduction followed the atokous type, and spawning occured from mid-June to the end of August/early September when sea temperature was highest (20–23°C). Introduction The diameter of mature oocytes was approximately 180 lm. Mean lifespan was estimated to about one year. In The polychaete Nereis falsa Quatrefages, 1866 has a wide 2007, the mean density was 11.27 ind. m-2 with a mini- geographical distribution. This species has been recorded mum of 7.83 ind. m-2 in April and a maximum of 14.5 ind. along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean [Atlantic coast of m-2 in February. The mean annual biomass was Morocco (Fadlaoui and Retie`re 1995), Namibia (Glassom 1.36 g m-2 (fresh weight) with a minimum of 0.86 g m-2 and Branch 1997) and South Africa (Day 1967), North in December and a maximum of 2.00 g m-2 in June. -
Six3 Demarcates the Anterior-Most Developing Brain Region In
Steinmetz et al. EvoDevo 2010, 1:14 http://www.evodevojournal.com/content/1/1/14 RESEARCH Open Access Six3 demarcates the anterior-most developing brain region in bilaterian animals Patrick RH Steinmetz1,6†, Rolf Urbach2†, Nico Posnien3,7, Joakim Eriksson4,8, Roman P Kostyuchenko5, Carlo Brena4, Keren Guy1, Michael Akam4*, Gregor Bucher3*, Detlev Arendt1* Abstract Background: The heads of annelids (earthworms, polychaetes, and others) and arthropods (insects, myriapods, spiders, and others) and the arthropod-related onychophorans (velvet worms) show similar brain architecture and for this reason have long been considered homologous. However, this view is challenged by the ‘new phylogeny’ placing arthropods and annelids into distinct superphyla, Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa, together with many other phyla lacking elaborate heads or brains. To compare the organisation of annelid and arthropod heads and brains at the molecular level, we investigated head regionalisation genes in various groups. Regionalisation genes subdivide developing animals into molecular regions and can be used to align head regions between remote animal phyla. Results: We find that in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, expression of the homeobox gene six3 defines the apical region of the larval body, peripherally overlapping the equatorial otx+ expression. The six3+ and otx+ regions thus define the developing head in anterior-to-posterior sequence. In another annelid, the earthworm Pristina, as well as in the onychophoran Euperipatoides, the centipede Strigamia and the insects Tribolium and Drosophila,asix3/optix+ region likewise demarcates the tip of the developing animal, followed by a more posterior otx/otd+ region. Identification of six3+ head neuroectoderm in Drosophila reveals that this region gives rise to median neurosecretory brain parts, as is also the case in annelids. -
Alitta Virens (M
Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835) Nomenclature Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta Order Phyllodocida Family Nereididae Synonyms: Nereis virens Sars, 1835 Neanthes virens (M. Sars, 1835) Nereis (Neanthes) varia Treadwell, 1941 Superseded combinations: Nereis (Alitta) virens M Sars, 1835 Synonyms Nereis (Neanthes) virens Sars, 1835 Distribution Type Locality Manger, western Norway (Bakken and Wilson 2005) Geographic Distribution Boreal areas of northern hemisphere (Bakken and Wilson 2005) Habitat Intertidal, sand and rock (Blake and Ruff 2007) Description From Hartman 1968 (unless otherwise noted) Size/Color: Large; length 500-900 mm, width to 45 mm for up to 200 segments (Hartman 1968). Generally cream to tan in alcohol, although larger specimens may be green in color. Prostomium pigmented except for white line down the center (personal observation). Body: Robust; widest anteriorly and tapering posteriorly. Prostomium: Small, triangular, with 4 eyes of moderate size on posterior half. Antennae short, palps large and thick. Eversible proboscis with sparse paragnaths present on all areas except occasionally absent from Area I (see “Diagnostic Characteristics” section below for definition of areas). Areas VII and VIII with 2-3 irregular rows. 4 pairs of tentacular cirri, the longest extending to at least chaetiger 6. Parapodia: First 2 pairs uniramous, reduced; subsequent pairs larger, foliaceous, with conspicuous dorsal cirri. Chaetae: Notochetae all spinigers; neuropodia with spinigers and heterogomph falcigers. Pygidium: 2 long, slender anal cirri. WA STATE DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY 1 of 5 2/26/2018 Diagnostic Characteristics Photo, Diagnostic Illustration Characteristics Photo, Illustrations Credit Marine Sediment Monitoring Team 2 pairs of moderately-sized eyes Prostomium and anterior body region (dorsal view); specimen from 2015 PSEMP Urban Bays Station 160 (Bainbridge Basin, WA) Bakken and Wilson 2005, p. -
For Cage Aquaculture
Strengthening and supporting further development of aquaculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia PROJECT UTF/SAU/048/SAU Guidelines on Environmental Monitoring for Cage Aquaculture within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Cover photograph: Aerial view of the floating cage farm of Tharawat Sea Company, Medina Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (courtesy Nikos Keferakis) Guidelines on environmental monitoring for cage aquaculture within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia RICHARD ANTHONY CORNER FAO Consultant The Technical Cooperation and Partnership between the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specic companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or the Ministry in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reect the views or policies of FAO, or the Ministry. ISBN 978-92-5-109651-2 (FAO) © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. -
Pdumbase: a Transcriptome Database and Research Tool for Platynereis
Chou et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:618 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4987-0 DATABASE Open Access PdumBase: a transcriptome database and research tool for Platynereis dumerilii and early development of other metazoans Hsien-Chao Chou1,2†, Natalia Acevedo-Luna1†, Julie A. Kuhlman1 and Stephan Q. Schneider1* Abstract Background: The marine polychaete annelid Platynereis dumerilii has recently emerged as a prominent organism for the study of development, evolution, stem cells, regeneration, marine ecology, chronobiology and neurobiology within metazoans. Its phylogenetic position within the spiralian/ lophotrochozoan clade, the comparatively high conservation of ancestral features in the Platynereis genome, and experimental access to any stage within its life cycle, make Platynereis an important model for elucidating the complex regulatory and functional molecular mechanisms governing early development, later organogenesis, and various features of its larval and adult life. High resolution RNA- seq gene expression data obtained from specific developmental stages can be used to dissect early developmental mechanisms. However, the potential for discovery of these mechanisms relies on tools to search, retrieve, and compare genome-wide information within Platynereis, and across other metazoan taxa. Results: To facilitate exploration and discovery by the broader scientific community, we have developed a web-based, searchable online research tool, PdumBase, featuring the first comprehensive transcriptome database for Platynereis dumerilii during early stages of development (2 h ~ 14 h). Our database also includes additional stages over the P. dumerilii life cycle and provides access to the expression data of 17,213 genes (31,806 transcripts) along with annotation information sourced from Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology, KEGG pathways, Pfam domains, TmHMM, SingleP, and EggNOG orthology. -
The Namanereidinae (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Part 1, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
© Copyright Australian Museum, 1999 Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 25 (1999). ISBN 0-7313-8856-9 The Namanereidinae (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Part 1, Taxonomy and Phylogeny CHRISTOPHER J. GLASBY National Institute for Water & Atmospheric Research, PO Box 14-901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT. A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Namanereidinae (Nereididae: Polychaeta) is presented. The cladistic analysis utilising 39 morphological characters (76 apomorphic states) yielded 10,000 minimal-length trees and a highly unresolved Strict Consensus tree. However, monophyly of the Namanereidinae is supported and two clades are identified: Namalycastis containing 18 species and Namanereis containing 15 species. The monospecific genus Lycastoides, represented by L. alticola Johnson, is too poorly known to be included in the analysis. Classification of the subfamily is modified to reflect the phylogeny. Thus, Namalycastis includes large-bodied species having four pairs of tentacular cirri; autapomorphies include the presence of short, subconical antennae and enlarged, flattened and leaf-like posterior cirrophores. Namanereis includes smaller-bodied species having three or four pairs of tentacular cirri; autapomorphies include the absence of dorsal cirrophores, absence of notosetae and a tripartite pygidium. Cryptonereis Gibbs, Lycastella Feuerborn, Lycastilla Solís-Weiss & Espinasa and Lycastopsis Augener become junior synonyms of Namanereis. Thirty-six species are described, including seven new species of Namalycastis (N. arista n.sp., N. borealis n.sp., N. elobeyensis n.sp., N. intermedia n.sp., N. macroplatis n.sp., N. multiseta n.sp., N. nicoleae n.sp.), four new species of Namanereis (N. minuta n.sp., N. serratis n.sp., N. stocki n.sp., N. -
A Transcriptional Blueprint for a Spiral-Cleaving Embryo Hsien-Chao Chou1,2, Margaret M
Chou et al. BMC Genomics (2016) 17:552 DOI 10.1186/s12864-016-2860-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A transcriptional blueprint for a spiral-cleaving embryo Hsien-Chao Chou1,2, Margaret M. Pruitt1,3, Benjamin R. Bastin1 and Stephan Q. Schneider1* Abstract Background: The spiral cleavage mode of early development is utilized in over one-third of all animal phyla and generates embryonic cells of different size, position, and fate through a conserved set of stereotypic and invariant asymmetric cell divisions. Despite the widespread use of spiral cleavage, regulatory and molecular features for any spiral-cleaving embryo are largely uncharted. To addressthisgapweuseRNA-sequencingonthespiralian model Platynereis dumerilii to capture and quantify the first complete genome-wide transcriptional landscape of early spiral cleavage. Results: RNA-sequencing datasets from seven stages in early Platynereis development, from the zygote to the protrochophore, are described here including the de novo assembly and annotation of ~17,200 Platynereis genes. Depth and quality of the RNA-sequencing datasets allow the identification of the temporal onset and level of transcription for each annotated gene, even if the expression is restricted to a single cell. Over 4000 transcripts are maternally contributed and cleared by the end of the early spiral cleavage phase. Small early waves of zygotic expression are followed by major waves of thousands of genes, demarcating the maternal to zygotic transition shortly after the completion of spiral cleavages in this annelid species. Conclusions: Our comprehensive stage-specific transcriptional analysis of early embryonic stages in Platynereis elucidates the regulatory genome during early spiral embryogenesis and defines the maternal to zygotic transition in Platynereis embryos. -
No 158, December 2018
FROGCALL No 158, December 2018 THE FROG AND TADPOLE STUDY GROUP NSW Inc. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/FATSNSW/ Email: [email protected] Frogwatch Helpline 0419 249 728 Website: www.fats.org.au ABN: 34 282 154 794 MEETING FORMAT President’s Page Friday 7th December 2018 Arthur White 6.30 pm: Lost frogs: 2 Green Tree Frogs Litoria caerulea, seeking forever homes. Priority to new pet frog owners. Please bring your membership card and cash $50 donation. Sorry, we don’t have EFTPOS. Your current NSW NPWS amphibian licence must be sighted on the night. Rescued and adopted frogs can 2017 –2018 was another strong year for FATS. FATS is one of the few conservation groups that is man- never be released. aging to maintain its membership numbers and still be active in the community. Other societies have seen numbers fall mainly because the general public seems to prefer to look up information on the web 7.00 pm: Welcome and announcements. and not to attend meetings or seek information firsthand. It is getting harder for FATS to get people to 7.45 pm: The main speaker is John Cann, talking about turtles. be active in frog conservation but we will continue to do so for as long as we can. Last year we made the decision to start sending out four issues of FrogCall per year electronically. 8.30 pm: Frog-O-Graphic Competition Prizes Awarded. This saves FATS a lot of postage fees. Our members have informed us that when FrogCall arrives as an email attachment it is often not read, or simply ignored. -
A New Cryptic Species of Neanthes (Annelida: Phyllodocida: Nereididae)
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2015 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY Supplement No. 31: 75–95 Date of publication: 10 July 2015 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A039A3A6-C05B-4F36-8D7F-D295FA236C6B A new cryptic species of Neanthes (Annelida: Phyllodocida: Nereididae) from Singapore confused with Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921 and Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis (Monro, 1937) Yen-Ling Lee1* & Christopher J. Glasby2 Abstract. A new cryptic species of Neanthes (Nereididae), N. wilsonchani, new species, is described from intertidal mudflats of eastern Singapore. The new species was confused with both Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis (Monro, 1937) and Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921, which were found to be conspecific with the latter name having priority. Neanthes glandicincta is newly recorded from Singapore, its reproductive forms (epitokes) are redescribed, and Singapore specimens are compared with topotype material from India. The new species can be distinguished from N. glandicincta by slight body colour differences and by having fewer pharyngeal paragnaths in Areas II (4–8 vs 7–21), III (11–28 vs 30–63) and IV (1–9 vs 7–20), and in the total number of paragnaths for all Areas (16–41 vs 70–113). No significant differences were found in the morphology of the epitokes between the two species. The two species have largely non-overlapping distributions in Singapore; the new species is restricted to Pleistocene coastal alluvium in eastern Singapore, while N. glandicinta occurs in western Singapore as well as in Malaysia and westward to India. Key words. polychaete, new species, taxonomy, ragworm INTRODUCTION Both species are atypical members of their respective nominative genera: N. -
Title First Record of Perinereis Suluana (Annelida, Nereididae)
First record of Perinereis suluana (Annelida, Nereididae) from Title Oura Bay, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan Author(s) Tanaka, Masaatsu Citation Fauna Ryukyuana, 29: 5-13 Issue Date 2016-04-19 URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/38737 Rights Fauna Ryukyuana ISSN 2187-6657 http://w3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/naruse/lab/Fauna_Ryukyuana.html First record of Perinereis suluana (Annelida, Nereididae) from Oura Bay, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan Masaatsu Tanaka Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The nereidid polychaete Perinereis 2006). suluana (Horst, 1924), which has been widely but The Japanese nereidid fauna has been sporadically reported throughout the Indo-West taxonomically well-studied by Imajima (1972, 1996), Pacific, was recorded for the first time from Japanese who performed monographic studies; the following waters based on five specimens collected from Oura three species and three subspecies of Perinereis were Bay, on the east coast of Okinawa Island. This record documented by Imajima: P. aibuhitensis (Grube, represents the northern-most record for the species. 1878; originally described as P. vancaurica This species is distinguishable from its congeners tetradentata in Imajima 1972), P. cultrifera (Grube, most notably by (i) the absence of paragnaths in 1840), P. c. floridana (Ehlers, 1868), P. Areas VII–VIII of proboscis and (ii) the presence of neocaledonica Pruvot, 1930, P. nuntia brevicirris a longitudinal brown streak on the tentacular and (Grube, 1866), and P. n. vallata (Grube, 1858). anal cirri. This report describes the morphology of P. -
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta), Chiefly in the Subfamily Gymnonereidinae, and the Monophyly
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 48(2): 559-573, 1991 PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE NEREIDIDAE (ANNELIDA: POL YCHAETA), CHIEFLY IN THE SUBFAMILY GYMNONEREIDINAE, AND THE MONOPHYLY OF THE NAMANEREIDINAE C. J. Glasby ABSTRACT The cladistic relationships of 15 genera in the Nereididae are investigated in order to establish whether the Namanereidinae is monophyletic and to develop an hypothesis of precise outgroup relationships for the Namanereidinae. The cladistic analysis is based on 37 morphological characters with character state polarity determined using the outgroup method. Outgroup taxa include the hesionid genera Hesione, Leocrales and Ophiodromus. The re- sultant cladistic hypothesis is similar to that proposed by Fitzhugh (1987). The Namanereidi- nae is monophyletic and the sister group of the remaining Nereididae. The gymnonereidine genera included in the analysis are relatively more plesiomorphic compared to the nereidine genera, and Stenoninereis is the most plesiomorphic gymnonereid. Further synapomorphies for the Namanereidinae (spherical pal po styles and dorsal aciculae supporting the neuropodia) are identified and the synapomorphy identified by Fitzhugh (the lack of ceratophores [cir- rophores] ofthe dorsal cirri) is considered homoplasious within the Nereididae. The synapo- morphies are discussed in relation to present theories on the origin of the Namanereidinae. The recent study of phylogenetic relationships within the Nereididae (Fitzhugh, 1987) represents the first investigation of the family using the methods of phy- logenetic systematics. I Such studies are rare in polychaete systematics. Apart from Fitzhugh's, other studies of polychaetes using cladistic methods include several by Westheide (1977; 1982; 1985), Westheide and Riser (1983), Fauchald (1982), ten Hove (1984), Paxton (1986) and Solis-Weiss and Fauchald (1989).