Page De Garde
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
History of Toxicology 525 History of Toxicology
HISTORY OF TOXICOLOGY 525 HISTORY OF TOXICOLOGY A Aggrawal, Maulana Azad Medical College, and legend of poison have been linked to hunting, New Delhi, India crime, punishment, politics, romance, and, of course, ß 2005, Elsevier Ltd. All Rights Reserved. medicine and the development of antidotes. Toxicology has been known from very early times in all cultures. According to Indian mythology and tra- Introduction dition, the origin of poisons is attributed to Lord Brahma, who is one of the Holy Trinity of Indian The word ‘‘poison’’ immediately conjures up images of gods (the Hindu Holy Trinity comprises Lord cloak-and-dagger conspiracies, diabolically sneering Brahma, the creator of the universe; Lord Vishnu, poisoners, unfaithful and murderous wives, mad and the preserver; and Lord Shiva, the destroyer of the cruel kings, and greedy nieces and nephews. No other universe). It is said that after the creator of the uni- single subject has a history as full of intrigue and ro- verse was offended by a devil (asura) named Kaitabha, mance as that of poison. As is the case with every he created poison to kill him. He was, no doubt, subject, the study of the history of poisons provides successful in destroying the demon with his new weap- valuable insights. The oft-quoted maxim ‘‘those who on, but its evil spread over the whole world. So much do not study history may be condemned to repeat it,’’ so that, to minimize its bad effects, Brahma had to applies very aptly to poisons. distribute it through the vegetable, animal, and miner- What exactly is a poison? A poison can be defined al kingdom and also create its antidote. -
Forensic Toxicology
includedversion. LITERATUREto refer correct for Edvo-Kit #195 SAMPLE Forensic Toxicology Experiment Objective: In this forensic science experiment, students will use the Enzyme-Linked Please Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to analyze crime scene samples for the presence of drugs. See page 3 for storage instructions. weblink 195 195.190618 FORENSICFORENSIC TOXICOLOGYTOXICOLOGY Edvo-KitEdvo-Kit 195195 Table of Contents Page Experiment Components 3 Experiment Requirements 3 Background Information 4 Experiment Procedures Experiment Overview 7 Testing for Drugs Using the ELISA 8 Forensic Toxicology Report 10 Study Questions 11 Instructor's Guidelines Pre-Lab Preparations 12 Experiment Results and Analysis 15 Answers to Study Questions 16 Appendices A EDVOTEK® Troubleshooting Guide 17 Safety Data Sheets can be found on our website: www.edvotek.com/safety-data-sheets 1.800.EDVOTEK • Fax 202.370.1501 • [email protected] • www.edvotek.com Duplication of any part of this document is permitted for non-profit educational purposes only. Copyright © 2017-2019 EDVOTEK, Inc., all rights reserved. 195.190618 2 Edvo-KitEdvo-Kit 195195 FORENSICFORENSIC TOXICOLOGYTOXICOLOGY Experiment Components COMPONENTS Storage Check (√) Experiment #195 A 10X ELISA Wash Buffer Refrigerator q is designed for 10 groups. B ELISA Dilution Buffer Refrigerator q C Antigen (lyophilized) Refrigerator q D Primary Antibody (lyophilized) Refrigerator q All experiment components E Secondary Antibody (lyophilized) Refrigerator q are intended for educational F ABTS (lyophilized) Refrigerator -
Managing Uncertainty in the Academy and the Courtroom
Managing Uncertainty in the Academy and the Courtroom Normal Arsenic and Nineteenth-Century Toxicology By José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez* ABSTRACT This essay explores how the enhanced sensitivity of chemical tests sometimes produced unforeseen and puzzling problems in nineteenth-century toxicology. It focuses on the earliest uses of the Marsh test for arsenic and the controversy surrounding “normal arsenic”—that is, the existence of traces of arsenic in healthy human bodies. The essay follows the circulation of the Marsh test in French toxicology and its appearance in the academy, the laboratory, and the courtroom. The new chemical tests could detect very small quantities of poison, but their high sensitivity also offered new opportunities for imaginative defense attorneys to undermine the credibility of expert witnesses. In this context, toxicologists had to dispel the uncertainty associated with the new method and come up with arguments to refute the many possible criticisms of their findings, among them the appeal to normal arsenic. Meanwhile, new descriptions of animal experiments, autopsies, and cases of poisoning produced a steady flow of empirical data, sometimes supporting but in many cases questioning previous conclusions about the reliability of the chemical tests. This challenging scenario provides many clues about the complex interaction between science and the law in the nineteenth century, particularly how expert authority, credibility, and trustworthiness were constructed, and frequently challenged, in the courtroom. * Institute for the History of Medicine and Science “López Piñero,” Palau Cervero, Plaça Cisneros, 4, 46003 Valencia, Spain; [email protected]. This essay was part of a larger study on nineteenth-century toxicology supported by the Spanish government (HAR2009-12918-C03-03). -
Download: Brill.Com/Brill-Typeface
i Compound Histories © Lissa Roberts and Simon Werrett, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004325562_001 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC License. ii Cultural Dynamics of Science Editors Lissa Roberts (Science, Technology and Policy Studies (STePS), University of Twente, The Netherlands) Agustí Nieto-Galan (Centre d’Història de la Ciència (CEHIC) & Facultat de Ciències (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) Oliver Hochadel (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institució Milà i Fontanals, Barcelona, Spain) Advisory Board Miruna Achim (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, CDMX) Warwick Anderson (University of Sydney) Mitchell Ash (Universität Wien) José Ramón Bertomeu-Sánchez (Universitat de Valencia) Paola Bertucci (Yale University) Daniela Bleichmar (University of Southern California) Andreas Daum (University of Buffalo) Graeme Gooday (University of Leeds) Paola Govoni (Università di Bologna) Juan Pimentel (CSIC, Madrid) Stefan Pohl (Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá) Arne Schirrmacher (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) Ana Simões (Universidade de Lisboa) Josep Simon (Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá) Jonathan Topham (University of Leeds) VOLUME 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cds iii Compound Histories Materials, Governance and Production, 1760-1840 Edited by Lissa L. Roberts Simon Werrett LEIDEN | BOSTON iv This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro- vided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: “The Dissolution, or The Alchymist producing an Aetherial Representation.” An alchemist using a crown-shaped bellows to blow the flames of a furnace and heat a glass vessel in which the House of Commons is distilled; satirizing the dissolution of parliament by Pitt. -
Arsenic in France. the Cultures of Poison During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
Arsenic in France 131 Chapter 5 Arsenic in France. The Cultures of Poison During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez This essay reviews the movement of poisons across different popular, medical and legal cultures during the 1830s and 1840s in France. Many French people at that time felt that they were living in a “wave of poisoning crimes”, mostly per- formed by using arsenic, which was regarded as the “king of poisons” during the nineteenth century. Poisons such as arsenic were common materials employed in everyday life for different purposes in agriculture, industry and medicine. They were also frequent protagonists in popular literature, folk tales, theater plays, and other forms of popular culture. At the same time, many poi- sons were both objects and tools of inquiry in medicine and science. Their composition and deleterious properties had attracted the attention of doctors and natural philosophers since ancient times. With the development of ani- mal experimentation, poisons were increasingly employed as tools for research, whose dramatic physiological effects were employed for investigating the vital functions. From a legal point of view, poisons were criminal tools for perform- ing silent murders, which were very difficult to prove in court. The testimony of regular witnesses was useless due to the secret nature of poisoning crimes, so judges frequently requested the advice of experts in medicine and chemical analysis. Prompted by unexpected situations and puzzling questions, nine- teenth-century toxicological research developed along with criminal investi - gations during poisoning trials.1 The toxic effects of arsenic largely depended on the nature of the compounds, the ingested quantity, the nature of the vic- tim and the dosage (from acute to long-term poisoning). -
Arsenic in France. the Cultures of Poison During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
Arsenic in France 131 Chapter 5 Arsenic in France. The Cultures of Poison During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez This essay reviews the movement of poisons across different popular, medical and legal cultures during the 1830s and 1840s in France. Many French people at that time felt that they were living in a “wave of poisoning crimes”, mostly per- formed by using arsenic, which was regarded as the “king of poisons” during the nineteenth century. Poisons such as arsenic were common materials employed in everyday life for different purposes in agriculture, industry and medicine. They were also frequent protagonists in popular literature, folk tales, theater plays, and other forms of popular culture. At the same time, many poi- sons were both objects and tools of inquiry in medicine and science. Their composition and deleterious properties had attracted the attention of doctors and natural philosophers since ancient times. With the development of ani- mal experimentation, poisons were increasingly employed as tools for research, whose dramatic physiological effects were employed for investigating the vital functions. From a legal point of view, poisons were criminal tools for perform- ing silent murders, which were very difficult to prove in court. The testimony of regular witnesses was useless due to the secret nature of poisoning crimes, so judges frequently requested the advice of experts in medicine and chemical analysis. Prompted by unexpected situations and puzzling questions, nine- teenth-century toxicological research developed along with criminal investi - gations during poisoning trials.1 The toxic effects of arsenic largely depended on the nature of the compounds, the ingested quantity, the nature of the vic- tim and the dosage (from acute to long-term poisoning). -
Tracing the Invisible
Tracing the Invisible The gathering and circulation of forensic knowledge in nineteenth- century Dutch cases of criminal poisoning Master Thesis Cultural History 2014 Amber van Geerestein Student number: 3503925 Supervisor: Willemijn Ruberg Utrecht University 2 Abstract This thesis deals with knowledge practices in nineteenth-century Dutch cases of criminal poisoning involving arsenic. Using theories from Science and Technology Studies, it examines the production and circulation of forensic knowledge. Starting off with a praxiographic approach to the chemical and medical practices involved in these cases, this thesis examines how arsenic was made visible and how it was enacted. Forensic toxicology in particular plays a part in making the invisible visible through science. Applying Mol’s concept of enactment to the forensic investigatory methods will show what arsenic is in the locality and context of a judicial investigation. Subsequently the issue of expertise is addressed; denoting the expert as a social and cultural construct. The expert and the Dutch law both play an important role in the circulation of forensic knowledge; an inhibiting as well as a beneficial one. When examining the circulation of knowledge, this thesis will make use of the STS concepts of ‘contact zones’ and travelling knowledge. 3 4 Content Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... -
Histoire De Marie Lafarge
L'amour à l'arsenic DU MÊME AUTEUR A l'aube du féminisme. Les premières journalistes, Payot, 1979. Secrets d'alcôve. Histoire du couple de 1830 à 1930, Hachette, 1983. LAURE ADLER L'amour à l'arsenic Histoire de Marie Lafarge DENOËL Collection DIVERS FAITS © by Editions Denoël, 1985 19, rue de l'Université, 75007 Paris ISBN 2-207-23179-8 Pour Rémi « Avant qu'elle se mariât, elle avait cru avoir de l'amour; mais le bonheur qui aurait dû résulter de cet amour n'étant pas venu, il fallait qu 'elle se fût trompée, son- geait-elle. Et Emma cherchait à savoir ce que l'on entendait au juste dans la vie par les mots de félicité, de passion et d'ivresse qui lui avaient paru si beaux dans les livres. » GUSTAVE FLAUBERT, Madame Bovary. Elle est brune, belle, adorable. Un visage d'un ovale parfait, un teint d'une blancheur exquise, une voix sublime. Elle est intelligente, cultivée, douée d'un désir fou de vivre et d'aimer. Elle rêve d'un amour total, violent, éternel, un amour qui transfigurerait sa vie. Élevée dans un milieu huppé, à l'abri des adversités, elle imagine son avenir comme une longue suite radieuse de bals éblouissants et de promenades romantiques au bras de son prince charmant. Les hasards de la vie en décideront autrement. En fait de prince charmant, elle sera vendue à un petit- bourgeois inculte et épais. Vendue pour son argent et vendue rapidement. Car Marie, à vingt ans passés, a eu le tort, dans la France bourgeoise de 1840, de n'être toujours pas mariée.