FEMINIST COLLECTIONS a Quarterly of Women's Studies Resources

Volume 19, No. 2, Winter 1998

FEMINIST COLLECTIONS A Quarterly of Women's Studies Resources

Special Issue: Gender, Bisexuality, Lesbianism, Transgender

Plus Videos about women filmmakers Reviews of websites on lesbianism and transgender New reference works on women and women's issues Periodical notes: new feminist periodicals and special issues of other journals and magazines Items of note: resources on nontraditional employment, girls and schooling, a national faculty survey, graduate women's studies, women in math and science, and more. Computer talk: new email lists, websites, electronicjournals, etc. Feminist Collections A Quarterly of Women's Studies Resources

Women's Studies Librarian University of Wisconsin System 430 Memorial Library 728 State St. - Madison, WI 53706 Phone: 608-263-5754 Fax: 608-265-2754 Email: [email protected]

Editors: Phyllis Holman Weisbard, Linda Shult

Drawings: Miriam Greenwald

Staff assistance from: 1n&d Markhardt, Valerie Brink, Jennifer Kitchak, Amy Naughton, Chstina Stross

Volunteer reader for taping: Helene Frank

Subscriptions: $30 (individuals or nonprofit women's programs, outside Wisconsin); $55 (institutions, outside Wisconsin); $16 (Wisconsin individuals or nonprofit women's programs); $22.50 (Wisconsin institutions); $8.25 (UW individuals); $15 (UW organizations). Wisconsin subscriber amounts include state tax, except for UW organization amount. Postage (for foreign subscribers only): surface mail (Canada: $13; all others: $15); air mail (Canada: $25; all others: $55). (Subscriptions cover most publications produced by this office, including Feminist Collections, Feminist Periodicals, and Mew Books on Women & Feminism.)

Numerous bibliographies and other informational files are available on the Women's Studies Librarian's World Wide Web site. The URL: http://~.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Wom You'll find information about the office, tables of contents and selected full-text articles from recent issues of Feminist Collections, many Core Lists in Women's Studies on such topics as aging, feminist pedagogy, film studies, health, lesbian studies, mass media, and women of color in the U.S., a listing of Wisconsin Bibliographies in Women's Studies, including full text of a number of them, a catalog of films and videos in the UW System Women's Studies Audiovisual Collection, and links to other selected websites on women and gender as well as to search engines and general databases.

Volume 19, No.2, Winter 1998

CONTENTS Gender

From the Editors i Book Reviews Plain Talk about Gender 1 by Merry Wiesner-Hanks Resisting and Negotiating: Gender Roles and Rules in Patriarchy by Jami Carlacio Men, Women, and the Construction of Nationhood by Ivette Valdbs Bisexual Identities and Theories by Joanne Oud Babies, Bathwater, and Bisexuality by Deb Hoskins Affirming Lesbian Identity and Experience by Suzanne Griffith Transgender: From the Personal to the Political by Jamison Green Celebrating, Deconstructing, Historicizing and Theorizing Transgenderism and the Transgendered by Eleanor Miller From Biography to Film to Religion: A Roundup of New GLB Reference Books by Jacquelyn Marie World Wide Web Reviews Lesbian Resources on the Web by Ellen Greenblatt Webs of Transgender Resources by Amy Naughton Feminist Visions Women Filmmakers: Bookends of Innovative Filmmaking by Carole Gerster Computer Talk Compiled by Linda Shult New Reference Works in Women's Studies Reviewed by Phyllis Holman Weisbard and others Periodical Notes 43 Compiled by Linda Shult Items of Note Compiled by Christina Stross 46 Books Recently Received 49 FROMTHE EDITORS:

Sowhat IS this thing called "gender'* anyway? By the mid to late 1980s our office decided we had to deal with this term that was cropping up more and more often in the titles we were indexing for New Books on Women & Feminism and reviewing in Feminist Collections. We needed to shift our subject terms to allow for this broadened concept of social and environmental influences that often had more to do with the way we experienced ourselves than did our biological sex. "Sex roles" often seemed to actually mean "gender roles." Anchored somewhere within this concept of gender, though, were also issues having to do with gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transsexuals. There's something threatening to the status quo, to the eitherlor dichotomy of male and female, if one chooses to be intimate with, to select as a partner, someone of one's own sex. Could there be something about power relations here? Yet even feminist lesbians, who critique the dualism that negates their existence, can get shakey when dealing with the idea of bisexuality. How can people have partners of either sex? Another boundary line seems to have been crossed. While some of us continue to wrestle with these questions, another issue eventually reaches our consciousness. There are those who actually want to change from one sexual identity to another, or who define themselves as neither male nor female. How can this be, and can we learn to view such people as unique but equal human beings? The revolution may or may not be as big as the one that determined the Earth was no longer center of the universe, but revolution it is, and is NEXT ISSUE: unlikely to be halted. Rethinking sexuality in terms of gender - and gender roles and behaviors - has stretched our minds (and bodies) toward under- Reviews on: standing ourselves in whole new ways. What IS it that actually makes us Caribbean women's litemture male or female - or transgender, straight, lesbian, or bi? What relation does and social issues that have to the way we live our lives? To the ways we view other people, in our own culture and other cultures? Alcohol abuse in women We ask you to consider some of these thoughts and questions as you Women's palterns of drug abuse read the review essays in this special issue. Read critically, but with an open mind, and check out a book if it challenges you specifically. We'd be A feature on women's poetry i glad to hear (and publish) your comments and reactions. presses ** L.S. Web reviews on women's poetry and on women's human rights

plus all the regultrr columns: New Reference Works, Com- puter Talk, Periodical Notes, Items of Note, and more. Plain Talk About Gender :Is and contemporary law school teach- ng methods. Many of the issues cen- ral in both women's studies and gender by Merry Wiesner-Hanks malysis today, such as voice, borders, iiversity, the body, self-presentation, Nancy Hewitt et al., eds., TAKING GENDER: PUBLIC IMAGES, PER- md representation, emerge in several of SONAL JOURNEYS, AND POLITICAL CRITIQUES. Chapel Hill and Lon- he essays, allowing for hitful com- don: University of North Carolina, 1996.205~.index. $39.95, ISBN 0-8078- ~arisonsacross topics, times, and cul- 2288-4; pap., $16.95, ISBN 0-8078-4597-3. ures. The only essay that did not really iit was Michael Kimrnel's on what Louise Lamphere et al., SITUATED LIVES: GENDER AND CULTURE lN women's studies has taught him and EVERYDAYLIFE. New York and London: Routledge, 1997.493~.bibl. index. why more men should be interested and $65.00, ISBN 0-415-91806-5; pap., $27.95, ISBN 0-415-91807-3. ;hould develop a parallel men's studies; ?is points are valid, but they aren't new to us or most of our students, and a more topical piece on masculinity - especially that from a perspective other Ata time when cute and catchy ducers and consumers in global indus- than European- or Afiican-American - titles are all the rage (at least for the try. The collection also presents a would have made the collection even portion preceding the colon in aca- range of writing styles and approaches better. (Because this was a collection demic books), it is refreshing to find - personal, polemical, analytical, de- drawn fkom a lecture series held at two collections whose titles are com- scriptive. In a number of the essays, Duke University, an altemative may not pletely accurate reflections of their such as Kathy Ferguson's discussion have been possible.) contents. Most of the articles in Talk- of her "kibbutz journal," the authors ing Gender are in one way or another provide a personal narrative about Theone thing that Talking Gen- about talk, and they are all about gen- why they chose to investigate the topic der lacks is there in spades in Situated der (not just about women and calling or write the way they did, and several, Lives, a much longer collection (twenty- it gender); almost all of the articles in such as Kristine Stiles' discussion of six essays) largely by anthropologists. Situated Lives investigate the ways dis- young women objecting to her analy- Three of the essays deal with Hispanic1 tinct groups of people create meaning sis of shaved heads, discuss reactions LatinolChicano/Spanish American in their lives within a social and politi- to earlier presentation of the work. men, and five others focus on Hispanid cal context. A few of the authors, such as LatindChicandSpanish American Talking Gender brings together Stiles, occasionally lapse into post- women. (In their explorations of ways nine articles plus an introduction and modem jargon, but generally the es- of creating identity, many of these es- afterword by scholars in a range of dis- says are engagingly written and some- says directly address the issue of what ciplines - history, political science, times very funny. (Mandy Merck's this particular group chooses to call it- women's studies, media studies, clas- discussion of the parallels between self; hence my slashes.) Other essays sics, sociology, literature, medicine - dogs and men in anti-porn discussions talk about African-American women, who explore a similarly wide range of is one of these.) This would be an ex- men, and families, and gender issues in topics: Roman oratory, images in por- cellent collection for use in Introduc- many countries around the world, in- nography, the body in cultures of tion to Women's Studies courses, as cluding Malaysia, South Afiica, trauma, identity in contemporary Is- students will be able to relate to many Liberia, Mexico, and Jamaica. Focusing rael, African American women leaders of the topics; Cynthia Enloe's discus- on geography and ethnicity misrepre- in the early twentieth century, stereo- sion of the links between women in sents this collection, however, for it is types of HIV-positive women, men's global industry focuses on sneakers, organized topically, with sections on studies, the role of voice for women for example, and Amy Richlin's on representation and ethnographic prac- writers and students, how women Roman oratory points out the roots in tice; representations of the body, con- around the world are connected as pro- Roman schools of both romance nov- ception, and birth; family, household,

Femirbt Collections voLI9, no.2 Wlnter 1998 1 and community; consciousness and re- cialists (the sperm "penetrates" with fmd fascinating illustrated essays, in- sistance at work; gender and sexuality "strong lurches," the egg "drifts," cluding one on pueblo potteries and in colonial and postcolonial societies. "awaiting her mate"), or that used for one on dress in colonial South Africa. Almost a quarter-century ago in vitro fertilization, surrogate mother- The material world comes through in Louise Lamphere and Michelle hood, amniocentesis, sterilization, and other essays as well, sometimes graphi- Zimbalist Rosaldo published Women, abortion. In all of these articles, the cally or even gruesomely; I will not Culture and Society (Stanford: authors demonstrate not only how gen- easily forget the description of the kill- Stanford University Press, 1974) which eral cultural gender stereotypes affect ing floor in a modern meatpacking is still required reading on many (or "infect") medical understandings plant or the smell of gnlling innards in women's studies lists, with a number of specific processes, but also how south Texas. Many of the essays focus of its essays reprinted in readers and these in turn shape discussions of on groups within the United States, in their insights showing up in many dis- women and men as well as of their or- part because cuts in research funding ciplines. That may be part of the rea- gans and processes. now keep U.S. anthropologists closer to son the editors of Situated Lives boldly The section entitled "constructing home and in part because of a redef~- state that this collection "brings to- family" is much more narrative, focus- tion of anthropology itself; many of the gether the most important recent femi- ing largely on identity and community authors are to some extent "members" nist and critical research" (my empha- among African- and Hispanic-Ameri- of the groups they study, and the sis), though only time will tell if this cans and among lesbian mothers; boundaries of their status as "natives" collection also becomes a classic. many of the essays in the section on is explicitly discussed in a number of Many of the essays - all of which focus work also center on issues of identity, the essays. Like Talking Gender, Situ- on the period after the mid-nineteenth here often expressed in specific strate- ated Lives can be used with students at century, and most on very contempo- gies of resistance ranging from union all levels, and both provide ample evi- rary cultures - do demonstrate why an- organizing to spirit possession. The es- dence that feminist scholarship can be thropology is such an important branch says on colonialism foreground current simultaneously theoretically sophisti- of feminist analysis, and will be of in- economic and political trends, provid- cated and jargon-free, materially terest to readers in many fields, in the ing specific examples of the ways grounded and comprehensive, funny same way that Women, Culture and So- people negotiate and resist economic and thought-provoking. ciety was. restructuring, at times reaffirming and The sections vary in their appeal at times transforming previous notions across disciplinary lines. The section of gender. [Merry Wiesner-Hanks is a Professor on "reproducing the body" would be Though most of the essays explic- of History and former Director of the wondefl to use with students on any itly interrogate gender, a few do not, Centerfor Women 's Studies at the Uni- level, presenting cultural analysis from which perhaps reflects the book's title versity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. She is a postmodern perspective clearly as a collection on gender and culture, the author of several books and a num- grounded in specific political and eco- as well as demonstrating how imbed- ber of articles on women and gender, nomic contexts. Here we are encour- ded gender analysis has become. Be- including some specifcally for stu- aged to pay attention to the language cause this is such a large collection, dents and non-specialists.] surrounding the egg and sperm in bio- there is something for everyone. Fans logical textbooks and articles for spe- of anthropology's focus on objects will Resisting and Nego iating: Gender subordination based on a naturel :ulture dichotomy in which women Roles and Rules in 'atriarchy are associated with nature and men with culture. Ortner blurs this naturel culture binary distinction in her 1995 by Jami Carlacio essay, "So, Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?" She admits that Sherry B. Ortner, MAKING GENDER: THE POLITICS AND EROTICS OF not only must we understand how the CULTURE. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996. 262p. bibl. index. $25.00, ISBN O- term 'culture' is disjunctive, contra- 8070-4632-9. dictory, and inconsistent, but also that gender need not be a primary category Allan G. Johnson, THE GENDER WOT: UNRAVELING OUR PATRLQR- for consideration (p. 175). For CHAL LEGACY. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997. 294p. index. example, her research on Polynesian $59.95, ISBN 1-56639-5 18-6; pap., $19.95, ISBN 1-56639-519-4. societies' ranking systems (in "Rank and Gender") indicates that rank is based on kinship rather than gender, and women are generally regarded as sherry her's Making Gender governed by patriarchy. Arguing that having high status (pp.63,103). and Allan Johnson's The Gender Knot agency has been excluded from , Ortner in other chapters traces the are two important books that expose structuralist, determinist, and rise of patriarchy and the "shifting the gendered games we play and de- poststructuralist theories of the subject, hegemonies" resulting from differing mystify the patriarchal system in herproposes a subaltern, feminist patterns of domination or egalitarian- which we play them. Ortner, an dialectical model of practice theory that ism in "The Virgin and the State" and anthropologist, employs this image as restores the intentionality of agency. "Gender Hegemonies," respectively, she traces women's and men's con- This analytic model understands (pp.145-6). "The Problem of stantly shifting positions of agency and gender, therefore, not only as passively 'Women' as an Analytic Category" subjectivity through cultural, social, constructed but also as actively made illustrates the critical nature of gender and historical contexts where power (pp.2-8). Questions of how power games. An ethnography of the Sherpa and inequality complicate the rules relations are reproduced, how agency culture of Nepal, hschapter is an (p. 12). Johnson, a sociologist, works as a mode of practical action produces exemplar of women's and men's to unravel the seemingly impossible change, and how unequal power relational experience that is not based juggernaut called patriarchy - a social structures can be changed in practice solely on gender. Ortner concludes the and cultural system so fdyembed- drive her's work. The seven essays book with "Borderland Politics and ded in our collective conscious that its following the introductory chapter Erotics," an ethnographic account of a difficult-to-locate origins and difise work to complicate our understanding borderland culture (Nepal) where a effects mask men's and women's of agency and to demystify gendered dialectic between First and Third complicity in it. The two authors roles and positions. In all, Ortner has World women and men - and where approach the "problem" of gendered not only produced a significant "relations of difference, power, and roles by examining the ever-changing collection representing key moments in struggle" - are played out as serious rules according to which the games are her work but also an insighfil way of gender games (p.2 11). played, and while Ortner and Johnson understanding the shifting relations of offer practical insights into their power and hegemony as women and Allan Johnson, like Ortner, execution, neither promises a quick men exchange places, occupying either complicates gender roles, arguing that and easy insight into winning strate- dominant or egalitarian roles in they are culturally constructed. His gies for overcoming the persistence of different cultural and historical chief purpose is to convince readers gender inequality. contexts. that patriarchy is a system in which all Ortner urges readers to remember Covering a diverse range of individuals participate: it is counter- that gender games are complex, with cultures from Polynesia to Nepal, the . productive to blame all men for being players occupying disjunctive posi- essays clearly illustrate the complexity dominant and controlling and to tions. Her collection of essays, of gender games. Two in particular blame all women for allowing such spanning twenty-five years of research, represent a significant shift in Ortner's behavior. Johnson references a sig- sets for itself the formidable task of thinking. Her 1972 essay, "Is Female nificant though not exhaustive canon explaining both the constructedness of to Male as Nature is to Culture?" of literature on patriarchy, pointing and the making of gender in a world claims the universality of women's out that most of it only scratches the

Feminist Collections voLI9, no.2 Winter 1998 3 surface - namely, the symptoms and rather than everyone's concern find the section on feminism(s) rela- effects of patriarchy - without examin- (p. 157). Johnson concludes the book tively short (w-twopages). Sim- ing the entire complex social system. with practical ways of "unraveling the candy, Johnson admits women's posi- He aims his most stringent critiques at gender knot" (p.232). He offers con- tion under patriarchy has given femi- texts celebrating the men's movement crete, local suggestions as a start in nism(~)critical tools for better under- and those articulating a liberal changing the system, including inter- standing the system (pp. 101,129), yet understanding of feminism: the former rupting the flow of business as usual curiously his discussion of the history for primarily co-opting women's by making it difficult for people to of feminist theories and their work to oppression and the work feminists follow the path of least resistance explain patriarchy remains the weakest have done to eradicate it, and the latter (p.245); and sharing our knowledge part of the book. And while one might for its ~upe~cialanalysis of gender and reading about it from every avail- reasonably question Johnson's purpose equality that ignores the roots of able source (p.250). This is particu- in writing The Gender Knot given the gender oppression. larly important, and Johnson provides gendered politics surrounding male Covering a significant amount of a significant number of bibliographic scholarship on traditionally feminist territory in three sections, Johnson resources on patriarchy, including issues, we can easily acknowledge the begins part one by defining key terms books, periodicals, a website guide, book's valuable contribution to the associated with patriarchy and explor- and addresses of local and interna- conversation of patriarchy, especially ing how texts and bodies become tional support groups. as it is aimed for a broad audience. inscribed onto these terms. Patriarchy The Gender Knot is a useful, as a male-controlled, male-identified, accessible text that will undoubtedly Together, 0rtner.s and Johnson's and male-centered system conceals appeal to a non-academic audience texts draw a complex picture of patri- men's fear of other men and their sub- (Johnson dispenses with the usual archal society mediated by the gen- sequent need for domination, thus critical jargon to write clear prose un- dered games we play. Such games, we perpetuating the system. In the second encumbered by psychoanalyhc, learn, resist static notions of what it part, arguably the heart of the book, Marxian, or feminist critical terrni- means to fulfill our gender roles. Johnson examines the real and imag- nologies). He has certainly given ined barriers to changing the system, readers much to consider in his careful [Jami Carlacio is a Ph.D. candidate in particularly patriarchy's invisibility. deconstruction of such a complex Rhetoric and Composition at the Society, he says, is plagued by a "selec- issue, particularly, as he acknowl- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. tive invisibility [that] shapes how we edges, where so many feminists have Her areas of interest include contem- perceive and think about gender already contributed to the canon of porary rhetorical theory, feminist issues" including sexual harassment, literature on the subject. As a feminist critical theory, and histories of discrimination, and rape, which are who has read much feminist literature composition studies.] considered simply "women's issues," on patriarchy, I was disappointed to

Men, Women, and the Construction InThree Guineas Virginia Woolf wrote, "As a woman, I have no country. of Nationhood As a woman I want no country. As a woman my country is the whole world" (p. 109). These words quite accurately by Ivette Valdks describe the realities, tensions, and contradictions that still exist in the Anne McClintock et al., eds., DANGEROUS LL4ISONS: GENDER, NA- relationship between women and their TIONS, AND POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIYES. Minneapolis: University of homeland, country, or nation. As the Minnesota, 1997. 560p. bibl. index. $62.95, ISBN 0-8166-2648-0; pap., $24.95, staggering total of eighteen million ISBN 0-8 166-2649-9. (forty-three million if including those internally displaced) exiles, irnrni- Lois A. West, ed., FEMINISTNATIONALISM. New York: Routledge, 1997. grants, and refugees today attests, the 294p. index. $69.95, ISBN 0-4 15-91617-8; pap., $18.95, ISBN 0-415-91618-6. loss of home, and by extension nation, is a fundamental condition for millions Nira Yuval-Davis, GENDER AND NATION. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997. in the world today. Furthermore, since 157p. bibl. index. $65.00, ISBN 0-8039-8663-7; pap., $23.95, ISBN 0-8039- eighty percent of exiles, immigrants, 8664-5.

4 Feminist Collections voLI9, n0.2 Winter 1998 and refugees are women and children,' zondition and the day-to-day lives of are gendered; all are invented; and all how much more pressing the questions those whose past history defines them are dangerous" (p.89). This essay is and issues of nation and nationalism as colonized peoples, this volume sets the introduction from McClintock's for women. Yet, this is one of the least out to address issues of nationhood, 1995 book Imperial Leather: Race, written about topics I have come across history, gender, and identity from an Gender, and Sexualiry in the Colonial in women's studies. I've begun to interdisciplinary perspective. The Context. Its inclusion underscores think of it as the "final frontier" where volume took as its starting point another problem I had with this few scholars have gone before. Several intervention around these issues in the volume. The vast majority of essays books recently published have taken up journal Social Text, all three of the (all but two) have been previously ' the challenge of probing this hereto- editors being members of the journal's published. There is little room for fore unexplored territory of the editorial collective. The four areas of unheard voices, new approaches, fresh relationship between women and concern correspond to the four sections insights, or even contesting old ones. nation: Dangerour Liaisons: Gender, of the volume: 1) colonial discourses Far from groundbreaking, this volume Nation and Postcolonial Perspectives and the question of the nation, 2) serves as a most handy reader collect- and Feminist Nationalism, both diasporic identities and multicultural ing in one convenient place all the collections of essays, and Gender & agendas, 3) the intertwined politics of "must reads" of postcolonial theory. Nation by Nira Yuval-Davis. genderlsexuality and race within fhe double context of both nationalism and Lois A. West does not develop or Dangerous Liaisons: Gender, feminism, 4) the debate about "post- propose the need for a theory of gender Nation and Postcolonial Perspectives, colonial" as conjuncture and perspec- and nationalism. Her volume can be edited by Anne McClintock, Aamir tive. read as a collection of case studies Mufti, and Ella Shohat, is presented as I will confess that I ignored which might be used as "data" in an "essential intervention" and a conventional wisdom and judged this developing such a theory. Arguing for "guidebook for those concerned with book by its cover, or rather by its sexy a cross-cultural, global phenomena understanding postcoloniality at the title, and I was sadly disappointed. which she calls "feminist nationalism," moment when it is becoming more and While "gender" and "nation" appear in West sets out to demonstrate how more widely discussed" (back cover). the title, they rarely are to be found feminism is redefining nationalism. In the Introduction, Mufti locates the together as the primary focus within a She attempts to achieve this goal by volume within a "transitional moment single essay. The list of contributors presenting case studies from Africa, in the history of 'center-periphery' reads like a Who's Who of poco theo- the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the relations" (p.2). The essays then seek retical discourse, from Appiah and Middle East. Each of the twelve essays to address the structure of inequalities Bhabha to Said and Spivak, and the presents the argument that, consisting inherent in the present moment and, book is not for the fainthearted or the of social movements and cultural according to Mufti, "represent an neophyte in postcolonial studies, as the ideologies, feminist nationalism links attempt at grappling with the meaning parameters of the debate, the terms in struggles for women's rights with of location and belonging, of cornmu- use, etc. are never defined. However, struggles for group identity rights and/ nities of interpretation and praxis, of to my complete surprise and delight, or national sovereignty in their goals home, in the increasingly diasporic there's a gem of an essay written by for self-determination. panoramas of the contemporary world" Audre Lorde, "Age, Race, Class, and The essays on Europe focus on (p.2). Mufti further points out that in Sex: Women Redefining Difference." how feminist nationalist movements the Third World the powerful frame- In the section on gender, the title such as that of Catalan women work of nationalism that held enor- "Gender and the Politics of Race" managed to avoid the mine fields of mous liberationist promise even twenty underscores that the emphasis is on the European traditions, how the feminist years ago has begun to fall apart. The connection between gender and race nationalist activism that emerged in slogans of nationalism and the mythos rather than on gender and nation. In Ireland incorporated cross-religious of hearthhome have become the the section "Contesting Nations," the coalitions, and how feminism chal- property of national elites who have only essay mentioning gender is Anne lenged nationalism in Yugoslavia by revealed themselves to be conupt, McClintock's "'No Longer in a Future linking women's groups across capitulationist, undemocratic, patriar- Heaven': Gender, Race, and National- republic lines and by critiquing the chal, and homophobic. Looking at the ism," which begins with the provoca- manipulation of reproductive rights for aftermath of colonialism as a global tive statement that "All nationalisms nationalistic demographic purposes.

Feminist Coilections voL 19, no.2 Winter 1998 5 Miriam Greenwald

The case studies of the Middle East, "feminism." Neither are these terms ingly frustrating editorial errors such Africa, and Asia provide interesting problematized. West gives the most as the ones in Norma Stoltz contrasts based on the role and cursory of definitions in her introduc- Chinchilla's essay, "Nationalism, relationship of the state to civil society. tion. Feminism is defined as Feminism, and Revolution in Central "Because of the strength of patriarchal "women's equal rights" and national- America," made my reading less than customs, social change for women's ism as "territorial integrity, political enjoyable. The Cuban revolution did rights has frequently developed independence, sovereignty" (p.xii). not take place in 1969 as stated on through government reforms by The volume begins with the premise page 202 but rather a decade earlier. modernizing elites, and struggles over that "women are constituted as citizens Another is a misquote of Murguialday women's rights have been particularly differently than men" (p.xii). West and Vasquez on page 208 where a contentious" (p.xxiv), states the aims to focus on lived daily realities crucial "not" is left out: "... if women introduction. In Afghanistan, feminism rather than on academic discourses on did (NOT) reach the highest levels of became submerged in nationalism the subject, arguing that nationalism decision-making in the military and when the mujahideen took power, and feminism are constructed in the party structures, it was not because while in Palestine grassroots organiz- processes of ongoing enterprises and of they were not qualified, but because ing and the political involvement of daily social interactions between sexist prejudice still predominated in women during the intifada helped women and men. Because women the FMLN." While West raises the promote a feminist consciousness that have been creating social movement following provocative question at the has survived despite the contentious organizations and working in interna- end of her introduction - "Now that discourse among feminist groups with tional solidarity networks, they have feminism has become globalized, could differing political viewpoints. In the been reconstructing words such as it become nationalized as an ideology essays on the Philippines, Korea, and feminism and nationalism in new without borders?" her volume fails Hawaii, what is clear is the centrality contexts. Further, academia needs to not only to propose any form of an of a non-separatist, holistic, grassroots catch up because there is a tendency to answer, but to even address the activism combining local interests with lag behind lived daily realities. question. women's concerns. The situation in Yet the vast majority of contribu- the Americas ranges from the position tors are academics. Should we take Thebasic argument of Gender & posited by Norma Stoltz Chincilla in this as an indication that their work Nation is that nationalist projects can- her essay on Latin America that contributes to the lag or is West not be understood without reference to "There [are] no social leftists who are holding these academics up as the ones gender. If this statement seems too not convinced radical nationalists" pushing to catch up? While I agree obvious to bear mentioning, the fact is (p.206) to that put forward by the with her underlying assumptions, I that gender is rarely taken into consid- essays on Quebec and Chicana think she does a cursory job of laying eration in political science analyses feminism, which focus on nationalism the groundwork for her argument. and theorizations of nations, national- in the relationships of minorities to Likewise, the articles themselves isms, and nationality. Nira Yuval-Davis majority societies and the problem of attempt to provide historical overviews points out the irony of the 1994 Oxford internal colonialism. that neglect many of the finer points University Press reader Nationalism, In my opinion this volume falls and subtleties of their arguments. which situates the only essay on gender way short of its mark. At the core of its Because they overextend themselves by within the last section of the book, problem is the fact that the reader is being too broad in scope, they leave entitled "Beyond Nationalism." Yuval never provided with a working defi- the reader with a very superficial take Davis states as the aim of her book "to nition of either "nationalism" or on the situation. Furthermore, infiuiat- promote this analytical project of a

6 Feminist Collections vd.19, no.2 Winter 1998 gendered understanding of nations and eproductive rights by exploring issues lot, but what are we going to do about nationalism, by examining systemati- ,f blood and belonging (the eugenics t. cally the crucial contribution of gender rersus the Malthusian debates or relations into several major dimensions luality versus quantity of a nation's Thethree volumes reviewed here of nationalist projects" (p.3). These mpulation). She links reproductive kmonstrate that while gender and include national reproduction, national ights, national reproduction, and lationalism are beginning to receive culture, national citizenship, and erninist politics, arguing "'reproduc- rcholarly attention, this is a field in national conflicts and wars. Yuval- ive rights' should be seen as a vital need of serious and rigorous scholarly Davis's goal is to introduce a Me- ,art of the more general struggle for study and much work is still to be work for discussing and analyzing how women's emancipation. This in turn, ione. Anyone out there looking for a discourses on gender and nation inter- hould be seen as a vital part of the lissertation topic? sect and are constructed by each other. nore general struggle for the democra- For Yuval-Davis, the impetus for ization of society, which should take NOTES the book arose from studying gender nto account the different positioning relations in Israel and the ways they ,f people in the society" (p.38). In her 1 Beatrice Nied Hackett, Pray God have related to the Zionist settlement hird chapter, "Cultural Reproduction and Keep Walking: Stories of Women project and the Israeli-Arab conflict. md Gender Relations," Yuval-Davis Refigees. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, Work leading up to the present volume ugues that "gender relations are at the 1996. included the 1984 international work- leart of cultural constructions of social shop Women and National Reproduc- den ti ties and collectivities as well as [Ivette Valdh is completing a Ph.D. in tion, her 1989 volume Woman-Nation- m most cultural conflicts and contesta- French at the University of Wiscomin- State (Yuval-Davis and Anthias), and tions" (p.39) as she explores notions of Madison.] Women, Citizenship and Difference, a zulture and difference, assimilation special issue of Feminist Review and separatism, multiculturalism and (Autumn 1997), which she coedited identity politics, cultural change, fun- with Pnina Werbner. It is clear that damentalism, modernity, and globali- Yuval-Davis's current volume builds zation. She concludes that women are upon and brings together the different often constructed as cultural symbols threads of her previous work in order of a collectivity, its "borderguards." to provide a well-thought-out, clear, Chapter Four, "Citizenship and Dif- and understandable theoretical ference," explores dimensions of hework for considering issues of activetpassive and publictprivate citi- gender and nation. zenship along with the relationship of Beginning with an epistemological these dichotomies to the divisions framework based on the recognition between family, civil society, and the that knowledge is situated, in her state. Yuval-Davis's conclusion here is opening chapter "Theorizing Gender that, "Transversal politics which are and Nation" Yuval-Davis states that based on lmowledge acquired by dia- one of the main arguments of the book logue carried out by people who are is that "constructions of nationhood differentially positioned, using the usually involve specific notions of both technique of rooting and shifting, 'manhood' and 'womanhood"' (p. I). should be the political guidelines for Another key argument is that women all political activism, whether at the have not just recently entered the grass-roots level or in state and supra- national arena but have always been state power centres" (p.92). Transver- present and active participants in the sal politics is the subject of the book's reproduction and construction of last chapter, which explores the nations. Drawing on the reality and connections between feminism and metaphor of women as reproductive nationalism. Yuval Davis ends by agents, Yuval-Davis explores women's adding a postscript to Emma roles as biological, cultural, and Goldman's "If I can't dance to it, it's symbolic reproducers of nations. In not my revolution": "If you can talk, Chapter Two, "Women and the you can sing: if you can walk, you can Biological Reproduction of the dance" (p.133). The question is no Nation," Yuval Davis addresses longer whether it is our revolution or

Feminist Collections voL19, no.2 Winter 1998 7 Bisexual Identities_ ,a and Theories rather than choosing between clear-cut categories such as gaytstraight. In Paula Rust's "Managing Multiple by Joanne Oud Identities: Diversity Among Bisexual Women and Men," sexual identity is shown to be a culturally specific Beth A. Firestone, ed., BISEXUALITY: THE PSYCHOLOGY AND POLITICS concept, affected by cultural and ethnic OF AN INVISIBLE MINORITY. Sage, 1996. 329p. $55.00, ISBN 0803972733; backgrounds. Sexuality is not consid- pap., $25.95, ISBN 0803972741. ered a source of identity in some cultures as it is for white middle-class Donald E. Hall and Maria Pramaggiore, eds., REPRESENTING BISEXUALITIES: Americans; emphasis on the impor- SUBJECTS AND CULTURES OF FL ULD DESIRE. New York University Press, tance of the family, respect for elders, a 1996,305~.$55.00, ISBN 814766331; pap., $18.95, ISBN 081476634X. clear distinction between public and private spheres, and different ideas about gender roles are all factors that can contribute to an individual's sense Inthe tweytieth century, our Bisexuality: The ~sychologyand of sexual identity. Bisexual identities society has defined two mutually ex- Politics of an Invisible Minority are shown to be open-ended, complex, clusive types of sexuality, heterkexual- presents social science research on and multiple in construction. ity and homosexuality. This polarized bisexuality in a clear, accessible way to understanding has made bisexuality - a assist counselors and clinicians Representing Bisexualities: form of sexuality that includes both of working with bisexual clients. The Subjects and Cultures @Fluid Desire the other possibilities rather than sim- fnst essay, Ronald C. Fox's "Bisexual- also searches for ways of thinking ply one or the other - largely invisible. ity in Perspective: A Review of Theory about bisexual identity that go beyond When it has been recognized, bisexual- and Research," presents a concise binary categories. The collection of ity has often been viewed with suspi- overview of past and present work on essays critically examines and draws cion by both the heterosexual and bisexuality that provides an excellent on concepts from queer theory, an homosexual communities. introduction for newcomers to the academic theory influenced by post- In recent years, however, bisexual- topic. Other essays, such as Robyn modernism and psychoanalysis that has ity has gained visibility in society Ochs' "Biphobia: It Goes More Than become important in gay and lesbian through the efforts of bisexuals within Two Ways," discuss the effects of studies in the humanities. Queer the bisexual and the gay and lesbian "double discrimination" that bisexuals theory focuses on the social mecha- movements and the writings of aca- face, distrusted by members of the gay nisms that create binary views of demics and activists. The two collec- and lesbian community and enduring sexuality and gender identity, and tions of essays reviewed here make homophobic and biphobic attitudes attempts to instead look at identity as important contributions to scholarship from the heterosexual community. multiple, shifting, and nonexclusive. on bisexuality in the social sciences Several authors examine the social and As coeditor Donald Hall says in his and the humanities. Although they are political contexts that influence bi- introduction, "This collection takes as rooted in different disciplines and take sexual identities, point out the counsel- one of its foundational premises that different approaches, both books show ing issues that arise from these con- BISEXUALITY cannot be definitively us how bisexuality allows a new, less texts, and show how they relate to gay REPRESENTED" (p.9). By reacting restrictive way of looking at sexuality and lesbian issues. to and using concepts drawn from and gender. The books share a number One of the major strengths of this queer theory, the essays in this volume of concerns, including examination of collection is its focus on the differ- show how bisexuality disrupts tradi- how bisexuality has been constructed ences among bisexuals and the variety tional models of identity and examine and erased by our traditional, binary of factors that contribute to formation the relationships between gay, lesbian, ways of viewing sexuality, the develop- of bisexual identities. As several queer, and bisexual studies and poli- ment of new ways to think about essays make clear, defining a single tics. bisexual identities without using these bisexual identity is difficult because The three sections of the book old, binary ideas, and the complex bisexuality involves combining a num- attempt to create new, specifically relationships between gaynesbian and ber of different sexualities, relation- bisexual theories about identity, bisexual theories and movements. ship modes, and gender identities bisexual ways of reading literature, and

8 'Ferninfit Colkuiorrr wL19, no.2 Winter 1998 bisexual modes of viewing visual cul- ing. This methodology would focus on sexual film theory would be like and ture. Various essays offer reinterpreta- the dynamic process of creation of the conditions necessary to perfom tions and readings of literature, film, meaning in order to examine connec- such a reading. and popular images. These readings, tions between discourse and society, although different in approach, share a and would be sensitive to the fluid, These two books provide anex- concern with how bisexual identities open-ended nature of bisexual identi- cellent interdisciplinary introduction to are constructed and erased, how these ties and politics. bisexuality for readers new to the sub- identities are culturally expressed, and Other essays create a bisexual ject, and contribute new theoretical how bisexuality can be made more mode of reading and interpreting, one concerns and directions that will be of visible. that views a multiplicity of possibilities interest to specialists. Although they Many of the essays in the collec- and refuses to define things rigidly. In differ in approach and practical con- tion also attempt to show how we can an interesting reading of H.D.'s novel cerns, both collections attempt to think and read bisexually. The first HERmione, "Loving Dora: Rereading create a way of looking at bisexuality section, "Unthinking QueertTheorizing Freud through H.D.3 Her," Lidia that takes into account the diverse, Bisexually," engages queer theory in Yukrnan shows how H.D. creates an multiple, unfixed nature of bisexual attempting to find specifically bisexual alternative to Freud's theories of reality. Both books are important ways of looking at the world. In "From bisexual identity. Through refusal to additions in their disciplines to the Perforrnativity to Interpretation: commit to binary concepts of rnascu- growing bisexual literature, and make Toward a Social Semiotic Account of line/feminine in syntax and narrative, valuable and innovative contributions Bisexuality," Ki Namaste critically H.D. allows space for bisexuality by to broader scholarship on gender, examines the theoretical foundations of not foreclosing possibilities and shows identity, and sexuality. queer theory and finds that "it does not us what a bisexual literary text might offer an adequate framework for theo- look like. Maria Pramaggiore's [Joanne Oud is Collection Manage- rizing the sociopolitical circumstances "Straddling the Screen: Bisexual ment Librarian for Humanities and which govern the inscription of sex- Spectatorship and Contemporary Social Sciences at North Carolina ualities and genders" (p.8 1). Namaste Narrative Film" examines three films State University. Her academic advocates development instead of a with bisexual romantic triangles (ne interests include history, popular "social semiotic methodology" based Crying Game, nree of Hearts, and culture, and gender studies.] on a Peircian theory of signs that The Hunger), discussing what a bi- resists binary constructions of mean-

Babies, Bathwater, and Bisexuality Asits subtitle suggests, Beyond Gay or Straight is intended primarily to educate the baffled. Clausen writes by Deb Hoskins particularly to readers who are questioning their own sexual orientation or that of a friend or family member. As Jan Clausen, BEYOND GAY OR STRAIGHT: UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL she puts it, "I imagine you [the reader] ORIENTATION. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. 149p. bibl. index. (Issues as many different people, all having in in lesbian and gay life series). $24.95, ISBN 0-7910-2606-X; pap., $12.95, ISBN common a personal as well as an 0-79 10-2956-5. intellectual interest in my topic" p. 13). This book might be used in an Intro- . Lynne Hame and Elaine Miller, eds., ALL THE RAGE: REASSERTING duction to Women's Studies course or RADICAL LESBLQN FEMINISM. New York: Teachers College Press, 1996. in introductory undergraduate courses (Athene series). 260p. bibl. index. $42.00, ISBN 0-8077-6285-7; pap., $16.95, on gay, lesbian, and bisexual history or ISBN 0-8077-6284-9. I t

Feminist Colleciions voLI9, no.2 Winter 1998 9 issues, organized around the U.S. both cases, the impact of political grounded lesbianism and an un- experience. All the Rage, centered activism on the construction of desire grounded feminism. As one young around radical lesbian feminist thought is the underlying yet unanalyzed issue. woman puts it, in Britain and the United States, responds to what it views as the Theauthors in All the Rage I was a liberal feminist in a permeation of postmodernism and argue - correctly, I think - that les- lefty sort of way. I thought queer theory throughout the academy, bians need connection to feminist rape was an individual thing into "lesbigay" organizations and thinking and movement in order to -- what individual men did activism, and into the daily lives and understand themselves and their lives to individual women [--I and cultures of lesbians. Examining a and to determine what kinds of com- that pornography was an broad array of cultural products and munity or political change will serve individual right. I could see practices, from Alison Bechdel's Dykes their needs. They also argue, again things going on which I to Watch Out For and Lillian correctly in my opinion, that feminist didn't agree with but I didn't Faderman's Odd Girls and Twilight movements "need to be well-grounded have a framework apart from Lovers to sadomasochism, lipstick in the material world" (Jill Radford, an individualised one in lesbianism, and bisexuality, the authors "Backlash: Or New Variations on an which to understand it agree that they are witnessing a back- Old Exclusionary Theme," p. 198), (Lynne Harne, "Valuing lash against radical lesbian feminist meaning that theory and practice must Women: Young Lesbians thought. Demanding of its readers continually be checked against the real Talk," p.239). some prior knowledge of issues, ideas, lives of real women living in a broad and theoretical developments, as well range of realities. They argue, and Although All the Rage implies it, as some understanding of the British again I agree, that queer theory and lacking a larger framework than context, this anthology would be more the cultural products and practices individualism is not a function of age. appropriate for an upper-level under- influenced by it lack these groundings. Worse yet when a self-identified graduate or graduate level course in Yet this anthology suffers from over- feminist can readily apply a structural feminist thought, or GLB issues or generalization, lack of evidence, and framework, yet argues its irrelevance to history. undersubstantiation in virtually every her own life. Jan Clausen's social While these two books differ in essay. constructionism does not extend to her purpose, focus, and intended audience, Such problems result from three bisexuality. Issues of social power get considering them side by side offers fundamental weaknesses. Writing lost here. perspective on the state of theory, style, especially in organizing a logical politics, practice, and discourse about argument, is the least distressing of the Themost valuable section of sexual orientation, feminist movement, three. The second is a disconcerting Beyond Gay or Straight is its highly and lesbian theory. All the Rage crit- tendency to throw the baby out with readable history, summary, and critique icizes postmodernism; Beyond Gay or the bathwater. For example, an essay of biological and social scientific re- Straight IS postmodern "queer." The critiquing feminist therapy implies search on sexual orientation. Clausen theoretical weaknesses in each book that current therapeutic theory and agrees with many peer reviewers that provide clues for understanding why practice is entirely destructive, (Celia the overwhelming majority of recent radical feminists and queer theorists Kitzinger and Rachel Perkins, research seeking a biological explana- talk past, rather than to, one another. "Shrinking Lesbian Feminism: The tion for (homo)sexual - read gay male According to Beyond Gay or Straight, Dangers of Psychology for Lesbian- - orientation is bad science. She also some superior persons make what they Feminist Politics"). The third weak- exposes how dramatically researchers individually make out of the culture in ness is extensive use of a voice that and the media overextend inconclusive which we all live, ignoring cultural sounds passionate, yet ignores com- evidence, especially outside scientific messages and resulting in something plexity, explanation, and analysis, and, circles. Beyond Gay or Straight sig- "beyond" gay or straight - bisexuality. therefore, any reason for its passion. nals its agenda, however, in the title: In All the Rage, we all seem to be Exploring the coming-to- bisexuality is the sexual orientation entirely and exclusively political crea- consciousness of a group of young that lies "beyond" gay or straight in tures, products of or co-opted by the radical lesbian feminists (perhaps the Clausen's apparent hierarchy of dominant culture's messages unless we most interesting essay in this collec- sexualities. have made the political choice to be tion), Lynne Hame exposes the effects saved by radical lesbian feminism. In of the dichotomy between an un-

10 Ferninkt Collections voL19, na2 Winter 1998 To her credit, Clausen tells readers Beyond Gay or Straight is not a Clausen lives in an incredibly privi- in her introduction that, "If you are defense of bisexuality; it truly is an leged arena, and that constructs her going to spend an entire book with me, argument for the superiority of bisexual orientation. She does not see it. you deserve some sense of who I am," sexuality over other sexual orienta- The book rationalizes individual- and notes that she once tions. Clausen couches that argument ism, as if it is appropriate - nay, smart in rank individualism, supported by a - to ignore cultural contexts, material considered myself a lesbian study arguing that "bisexuals possess inequalities, and political realities to pure and simple, even an 'open gender schema' that discon- view oneself as a superior-because- though I realised that I had nects the individual's own gender from disconnected individual. How utterly never completely shed my sexual desire and makes it possible to patriarchal. Since we are social capacity for physical act on early lessons about the desirabil- animals, however, who live in a attraction to men... . Then, ity of both men and women" (p.133). patriarchal society, how can gender not in 1987, I fell in love with a According to Clausen, have real meaning unless we live in a man, and my identity as a rarefied atmosphere that allows us woman-loving woman I live by gender codes as safely to toy with gender? Most of us seemed to shatter. (p. 17) much as anybody else, but don't. If our destinies truly are in my heart I don't believe intertwined, those rarefied atmospheres To Clausen, this "transition . . . has that gender is real in any need scrutiny and analysis, and made me profoundly suspicious of the but a social sense. How consciousness-raising reconnection to adequacy of any labels, including could it be, when it so often other lives. bisexual, for my own sexuality" (p. 19) switches on me? . . . I think ' How very postmodern: heavenforbid [I am bisexual] because I've [Deb Hoskins teaches Women S Studies that we label! Why can't we all just be practiced seeing the arbi- at the University of Wisconsin - La individuals? Never mind that the trariness of gender in the Crosse. She is part of a research team institutions of the dominant society do communities of lesbians studying the impact of higher educa- not grant all of us the luxury of being and gay men where playing I tion on low-income women.] viewed fust, let alone always, as indi- with the possibilities is part viduals, because of our race, sex, class, of the culture of desire. or sexual orientation. (P. 130)

Mirinm Greenwnld

Feminist Collections vo1.19, na2 Winter 1998 11 Affirming Lesbian Identity and unspoken Rules is both Experience sobering and inspiring. We need to hear the stories of those still beaten into submission, lest we become com- by Suzanne Grlffth placent with our own progress. We can only guess at the stories of those still silenced. In documenting the Rachel Rosenbloom, ed., UNSPOKEN RULES: SEXUAL ORIENTATION weight of oppression, the shackles of AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS. London: Cassell, 1996. 257p. $69.95, ISBN 0-304- silence and invisibility, the less than 337633; pap., $2 1.95, ISBN 0-304-337641. human condition, Rosenbloom hopes we will understand that "the defense Kristen Esterberg, LESBLQN AND BISEXUAL IDENTITIES: CONSTRUCT- of lesbian rights is integral to the ING COMMUNITIES, CONSTRUCTING IDENTITIES. Philadelphia: defense of all women's rights to deter- Temple University Press, 1997. 216p. $49.95, ISBN 1-56639-509-7; pap., mine their own sexuality, to work the $18.95, ISBN 1-56639-510-0. jobs they prefer, and to live as they choose.... Homophobia and fear of Ellen Lewin, ed., INVENTING LESBIAN CULTURES IN AMERICA. Boston: lesbianism are used to keep women in Beacon Press, 1996. 232p. $35.00, ISBN 0-8070-7942-1; pap., $16.00, ISBN O- line - accepting their society's as- 8070-7943-X. signed gender roles and limitations" @.vi). Violence against women, in public or private, is a violation of our human rights; it also keeps us invis- These aie three quite different In a house in Zimbabwe, a ible, silent, and fearful. The report books on the lesbian experience and on woman is raped repeatedly testifies to the global reach of com- lesbian identity development. To- with the knowledge and pulsory heterosexuality, the coercion gether they speak to the multiplicity of consent of her family so by states, institutions, cultures, even voices, indeed, to the growing chorus that she will become by our families to stay in our places. of women's voices. Not that they pregnant, get married, and Few countries outlaw discrimination speak or sing as one! No, we have cease to have relationships on the basis of sexual orientation, here as diverse a gathering as we with women. but even there, enforcement is might call together in 1997. Unspoken another question. Rules documents (the lack of) human In a psychiatric institution The inspiring part of this report rights for lesbians around the globe; in the United States, a is the determination, the spirit of from htycountries come hrty teenage girl is subjected to women that will not be repressed but examples of less than full human coercive "treatment" to rises up, again and again. It reminds rights. Lesbian and Bisexual Identi- "cure" her of her lesbian- us that unless we raise our voices and ties, in contrast, focuses on a small ism. our fists in solidarity with these community of lesbians nestled in the voices from around the world we are comparative privilege and safety of a In a courtroom in Germany, not part of the solution but still part Northeast U.S. academic town in the a woman loses custody of of the problem. We have been wit- late 1980s - early 1990s, where they her child because the court nessing firsthand how our own rights are comfortable enough to fracture into finds that her lesbianism (affirmative action, reproductive cliques. Inventing Lesbian Cultures in disqualifies her as a parent. rights, etc.) can be whittled away, America provides short glimpses into a how tentative they are. The recom- rich history of lesbian experiences In a prison in Uruguay, a mendations made by the International across the twentieth-century U.S. Each woman is isolated in a cell Gay and Lesbian Human Rights book provides the contextual backdrop because her captors know Commission for the 4th World that shows how individual and group that she is a lesbian. Conference On Women (for example: identities are "tentative, constructed, (Rosenbloom, p.ix) "Promulgate laws to protect citizens but historically real" (Lewin, p.3). from discrimination on the basis of

12 Feminist Collections voLI9, 110.2 Winter 1998 ist, not neatly identified, and therefore not to be trusted by either the gay/ lesbian community or society at large. They are seen as too free-floating, not well grounded; they remain enigmas. Some women seem to revel in this stand, but it can mean exclusion from both worlds and calls for a strong sense of self that is simultaneously in flux and comfortable with this fluidity. "In a rapidly changing world, how useful are identities? In a very real sense identities are coercive, they pin people down in both intended and sexual orientation or marital status in the context of our lives could be unintended ways" (p. 170). Yet, if we all realms of life, including employ- politically paralyzing," leaving us intend to persevere against attacks ment, houseing, health care, and without necessary grounding. from the Right and from a global education" [p.xxx]) are a reminder of However, the women in this study system of compulsory heterosexuality, what we are struggling for, what our defy a unitary label; they speak from we will need to maintain some of goal is. This is no longer an isolated varied experiences within the same these identities, not rigidly, but in a movement; this is a global one, and community, their identities in flux. proactive sense that allies us against our response must be global. "Far more important are the real and intolerance. varied accounts that women tell about Lesbian and Bisexual Identities whom they are and how they came to Inventing Lesbian Cultures in lends itself to a Sociology course or be that way - and the implications of America is by far the most "entertain- Women'sILesbian Studies course, with these accounts for building social ing" of the books. Lewin brings its introductory chapter on current networks and political alliances" together a rather peculiar and engag- theories of identity development fol- (p.29). These stories leave one with ing group of stories and essays, each lowed by the qualitative findings and the impression that there are a mul- providing a different look at how cul- analysis of Esterberg's interviews with tiplicity of identities and accounts of tures and identities were constructed the women of a Northeastern U.S. change and fluidity in women's life at different points in time, in different town. Developmental theories are stories" (p.29). Sexuality is just one contexts. Lewin approaches the idea quickly dismissed and Esterberg pulls part of that identity and being lesbian of identity and community develop- in social constructionism, postmodern- is so much more than that; it is a con- ment through social constructionist ism, queer theory, and essentialism. tinuum of relationships, behaviors, lenses and is interested in identity Her point is that identities are devel- and emotions. politics as a shaper of lesbian culture. oped in a social context of inter- If there were a sense twenty to Not that Lewin buys the idea that actions between the individual and her thirty years ago that as lesbians "we lesbian identities "all spring from society. The process comes across as must stand together" and defend "our resistance and subversion of hege- dynamic, transactional, and ongoing. communities" from outside attack, monic gender politics and that cor- Constructed in context, labels (such as such a romantic notion is banished responding forms of 'identity politics' lesbian) carry social meaning relative within this setting. The larger may thus be understood to have revo- to their historical and cultural era. community, while not free of repres- lutionary implications" (p.6). Such "To speak about sexual identity - les- sion, provides sufficient safety for views, she believes, "suffer from a bian identity, or gay identity - implies these women to disagree openly, to failure to engage with the meanings a unity that betrays the very real dif- rearrange and to re-form the dynamics real people attach to their real-life ferences (of race, class, style, sexual of their lives as the players change. experiences" (p.7). Lewin is inter- practice) embodied by individuals in While refusal to conform to hetero- ested in the personal as political - how diverse social locations and in differ- sexual ideals may identify this group women actually conceptualize thern- ent moments" (p.23). As such, labels to outsiders, inside there is also selves and how this imparts meaning can open doors or close them. In resistance to conformity, sometimes to their lives as they construct them- considering identity as difference, with a price to pay. selves and their world. Esterberg warns that to deconstruct Bisexuals are given a voice in this There is a great deal to discuss significant categories that structure narrative. They remain nonconform- between the first story, which looks

Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 13 at lesbian life in South Dakota 1928- training them how to be activists" centuries. It now offers support to 33 (Elizabeth Kennedy) and the last, (pp.75-76). The multiracial, multi- lesbians, giving voice to experiences Esther Newton's "'Dick(1ess) Tracy' ethnic qualities of many chapters in and to desire. The presence in book- and the Homecoming Queen: Lesbian this book were truly phenomenal. stores of sections on Sexuality and Power and Representation in Gay- They provide examples of how such Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual Studies ac- Male Cherry Grove." The richness of "continuous efforts to find affirmative knowledges not only demand but the stories provides a backdrop against representations of their identities and existence, creativity, visibility, and which to chart the move from invis- to construct an empowering lesbian voice. I am reminded of the first time I ibility and silence to pride and power. cultural history" (p.79) resulted in the read a feminist piece and heard my Race, class, and sex, straight-gay, production of "self-knowledge" that story, of the first time I read herstory lesbian-gay, lesbian-dyke-fem-bisexual nurtured both the writers and their and celebrated women's rolelmy role issues, all are presented in contexts readers. in the development of cultures. I am that help us grasp the unique identity also reminded that there are still development. My favorite is Alissa Inclosing, I have two thoughts places where females cannot read, or Kinger's coverage of the role of the about these books. They reminded me are restricted in what they can read. feminist presses in waking up and of how isolated we can each feel, of They remain cut off from all the other uniting America's isolated and dis- the ways we, as women, are kept di- women, half of humanity, who might organized lesbians. The transfonna- vided and apart, with our own ques- connect with them across the distance. tive ability of connecting broadly with tions and doubts about whose reality unknown others, hearing one's voice we are living. The written word has [Suzanne Grlfith lives in the Twin in their declarations, is tremendously the power to bridge large distances of Por& area of Superior-Duluth, where political. "Lesbian narratives of poli- time and culture, to touch us deeply, she is AssociateProfessor in Counselor tical enlightenment thus work locally to sanction those doubts, and to Education and Assistant Vice Chancel- to bring about justice," says Kinger. connect us to one another. The lor for Academic Aflairs and Enroll- "Quite literally, they [the narratives] printing press has served as a revolu- ment at UW-Superior.] inspired readers to take action while tionizing tool for oppressed groups for

Transgender: From the Personal to the Political Transgender issues have become the cutting edge of gender theory. In both the queer world and the straight, transgender images are proliferating as by Jamison Green people try to make sense of the social structure that is gender, and the Pat Califia, SEX CHANGES: THE POLITICS OF TRQNSGENDERISM. San phenomenon of transgendered and Francisco: Cleis Press, 1997. 3 1%. bibl. resource list. index. pap., $16.95, transsexual people coming out of their ISBN 1-57344-072-8. closets. Breaking down the bamers of gender, going across gender, trans-ing Randi Etlner, CONFESSIONS OF A GENDER DEFENDER: A gender, or transgendering, people who PSYCHOLOGIST'S REFLECTIONS ON LIFE AMONG THE either change sex, or who temporarily TRQNSGENDERED. Evanston, IL.: Chicago Spectrum Press, 1996. 16%. change the markers of their sex, are TV bibl. pap., $14.95, ISBN 1-886094-51-9. moving from talk shows to the printed page. Yet mainstream publish- Zachary I. Nataf, LESBIANS TALK TRQNSGENDER. London: Scarlet Press, ers are still reluctant to invest in books 1996. 64p. bibl. pap., $8.95, ISBN 1-85727-008-8. or authors who are exploring this temtory. Jennifer Spry, ORLANDO'S SLEEP: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF GENDER. Transpeople are a small minority, Norwich, VT: New Victoria Publishers, 1997. 186p. photos. pap., $12.95, struggling to be heard and understood, ISBN 0-934678-80-4. and larger publishers than those represented by the selections for this

14 Feminisr Collections voL19, no.2 Winter 1998 review seem to believe that the only transsexual people for over twenty the inaccuracies concerning the costs people who are interested in books on years. She knows the medical and ~f FTM genital reconstruction in the this topic are transpeople themselves. psychotherapeutic constructs, and she U.S. leapt out at me: Gilbert's radial But gender issues affect everyone, and argues that transsexual people are forearm flap phalloplasty, which there are many universals applying to born, not made. There is considerable enjoyed a brief vogue in 1993-94, has the human condition that are revealed excellent information in her book, but hllen out of favor, comparable phal- in transpeople's stories. As Pat Califia her brief, episodic, present-tense style loplasties can be had in the range of notes: "To be differently gendered is to and heavy reliance on client letters and $40,000 to $150,000 (not the flat live within a discourse where other journal excerpts seems somewhat $200,000 stated), metoidioplasties cost people are always investigating you, voyeuristic. She attempts to create a more like $10,000 to $20,000 (not the describing you, and speaking for you; panorama of the transsexual experi- $25,000 to $30,000 stated), and Dr. and putting as much distance as ence from the position of the "helping Biber is only one of several highly possible between the expert speaker professional" who at first is confused competent surgeons in the U.S. spe- and the deviant and therefore deficient by the transpeople she meets, but soon cializing in MTF procedures. Still, subject." She also states: "The claim comes to champion them, and this Nataf s book is the tip of a new ice- that anybody is objective about approach may be comforting for people berg, first revealed by Kate Bornstein transgenderism should be met with who are unfamiliar with the topic., For and Leslie Feinberg (both of whom are profound skepticism" (p.2). me, though, the net result is a feeling quoted liberally), in which transpeople of distance, and the sense of transsexu- themselves engage in the analysis of Ofthe four books presented als as needy "others" (necessitated by the culture they are part of, rather than here, none pretends to achieve objec- the context in which Dr. Ettner relates plead for assistance or acceptance. tivity. They comprise a fair sampling to their situations) grows tedious. The of major categories of points of view "confessions" of the title seem less Taking this fiuther, Pat Califia's concerning the topic of transgender, those of Dr. Ettner and more those of Sex Changes follows the same format yet they reflect a new acceptance and the transpeople she uses to make valid of commentary and liberal, lengthy compassion for those who live points about the conditions with which quotations from other transgendered transgendered lives. these people grapple. and transsexual sources (as well as The most familiar type of book from old-school medicallpsychiatric about transgendered people is the Just as experiential in method, pundits), but Califia straddles the line professional commentary or analysis. but very different in style and focus, between transperson and psycho- The subcategories in this genre are Zachary Nataf s Lesbians Talk Trans- therapist herself, so we have yet books written by academic theorists gender is a slim volume that focuses another angle of perspective. Califia is and those written by scientists (both more on the concepts of gender as also the author of numerous books on medical and social). The opposite performance, and on how gender is SM and other sex-related topics, as camp is made up of the autobiogra- expressed and interpreted through a well as feminist subjects, and her phies and the memoirs of transsexual lesbian lens. Nataf, who is an FTM attitude is bound to be forceful. Here and transgendered people themselves. (Female-To-Male) transperson, also she provides an excellent overview of Among the four titles at hand, there is employs numerous excerpts from other the history of the transgender political only one, Spry's autobiography, that is writers, but here the voices are stron- movement in the U.S., interspersed true to its form. The others are various ger, more analytical, taking positions with pithy analyses from both an types of hybrid, moving across bound- rather than explaining or asking for outsider's and insider's point of view, aries, "transgenred" offerings that help. This book assumes an awareness her position swinging from inside to herald a new kind of subjectivism of lesbian and queer politics on the outside depending on the subject at concerning this previously invisible part of its readers, as much as Dr. hand. Califia brings together most of population. Ettner assumes an inquiring but main- the best-known sources of trans stream perspective fiom hers. Nataf activism and trans theory all in one LdiEttner's Confessions is, also gives his overview of the issues a place, and for this her book should be unfortunately, the weakest of the lot. more international flavor, citing his- regarded as an important resource, as Dr. Ettner is a talented and compas- torical references from many countries, well as for its direct, queer-positive, sionate psychotherapist who has and outlining the relatively current and politically alert commentary. At worked with predominantly Male-To- state of British law regarding trans- the same time, readers must remember Female (MTF) transgendered and sexual people. In a book this small, this book is still an introduction to the

Femirut Collectiors voL19, ma2 Wlrter 1998 15 That gender nonconformance. She does leaves Spry's touch on virtually all of the major Orlando's Sleep, social issues that transsexual people the autobiography, face, regardless of their sexual orienta- the traditional tion. form of trans- genderltranssexual There wiu be more transgender one-sided dis- literature published in the corning course. This is not months and years. This is not a fad, great literature, it not a flash-in-the-pan phenomenon, is not terribly com- but representative of a genuine cultural pelling, it is not transition that I believe is evolving in masterfidly writ- our midst. We are trying to get our ten. It is work- collective hands around the concepts of manlike prose that sex and gender, one of the last (as far tries to ex~lain as we know now) psychological and Miriam Greenwold transsexualism social frontiers, and if we can grasp it, through verbal understand it, and learn to live with it, topic, touching nowhere near the depth images of a specific life. There are I believe we can ultimately be freed and breadth of research and analysis some tedious passages describing from the yoke of sex and gender op- that has been published in many events of significance only to the pression. The definitive books on disciplines, from anthropology to writer, and there are some won- transgender and transsexual subjects zoology, on the nature of gender and derfully deft passages that capture the may never be written, but the increas- sex. Notes at the end of each chapter emotion of particular moments. There ing number of publications addressing that often contain a page or more of is also stark honesty and a clear intel- these topics is leading us in the right "ibid's" are a bit disconcerting, and the ligence in this book. What makes direction. book never answers the questions Spry's story stand out is that it is not Califia poses in her introduction or in the standard "please understand what I [Jamison "James" Green is an her final chapter, such as, "What have gone through just to be normal" essayist, fiction writer, and technical would it be like to grow up in a society autobiography. Spry identifies clearly writer who Pequently lectures on where gender was truIy consensual?" as a lesbian and understands feminist transsexualism and transgender issues (p.276). This book is destined to be a values. She acknowledges that she is at colleges and universities in North- point of departure for further analysis not just like any other woman, but has ern California. He is also president of of gender and the -gender "move- a specific, unique history that is in- FTM International, Inc., a nonprofit ment ." formed by her consistently feminine educational organization that ad- gender and her struggle with her body- dresses issues faced by transgendered women and transsexual men.]

16 Feminist Collections vo1.19. no.2 Winter 1998 Beginning with prehistory, Celebrating, Deconstructing, 7einberg presents all the historical %idence she could unearth on trans- Historicizing and Theorizing Trans- genderism, its social meaning and genderism and the Trangendered status. The evidence, including some lever-before-published photographs and illustrations, is fascinating. Feinberg argues from this evidence, by Eleanor M. Miller *en in its totality, that the appearance ~f rigidly enforced sedgender boundaries emerges "at the intersection of Bonnie Bullough, Vem L. Bullough and James Elias, eds., GENDER BLEND- the overthrow of mother-right and the ING. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 1997. 504p. $34.95, ISBN 1- rise of patriarchal class-divided 57392-124-6. societies" (p.52). The interpretation of the evidence Leslie Feinberg, TRANSGENDER WARRIORS: MAKING HISTORY FROM is where this work falls short as a piece JOAN OF ARC TO RUPAUL. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996. 193p. bibl. of scholarship. Feinberg tends to read photogs. index. $27.50, ISBN 0-8070-7940-5.' historical descriptions of transgenderism and its social status through the Marianne van den Wijngaard, REINVENTING THE SEXES: THE BIOMEDI- lens of a contemporary transgender CAL CONSTRUCTION OF FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY. activist. Thus, she often ignores the Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. 161p. index. $29.95, ISBN O- historically specific social meanings 253-33250-8; pap., $12.95, ISBN 0-253-21087-9. that transgendered people and the societies they were part of might have attributed to their appearance, feelings, and behavior. Moreover, Feinberg's use of doctrinaire Marxism as an ex- Thethree books reviewed here this point most forcefully, in my planatory frame is simplistic and un- are a provocative gloss on the state of opinion, is Leslie Feinberg's Trans- convincing, if suggestive. transgender theory and politics at this gender Wam'ors. Anyone who has Despite these problems - and they point in history. They demonstrate read Feinberg's Stone Butch Blues is are serious ones - I found this book that although feminist and non- aware that s/he is someone who knows impossible to put down. I was pro- feminist scholars in the humanities and the art of reader seducti~n.~The foundly moved by the thoughtfulness, social and biological sciences have narrative form s/he uses to structure care, and ultimate humanity of studied and theorized transgenderism Transgender Warriors is central to the Feinberg herseliXmself as s/he ex- to further their own personal and book's allure. Feinberg uses herihis plores herihis own history, the histor- disciplinary goals, the time for trans- own search for a meaningful way to ical and contemporary situations of gender to receive attention simply live her/his life as a Jewish, working- specific transgendered people, and because transgendered people need and class, transgendered lesbian as the political strategies and lines of deserve it is long overdue. This is not backdrop for what is a celebratory argument that the transgendered and to say that transgenderism in all its history of the transgendered. those who support them might employ complexity isn't a sort of intellectual It was at an exhibit of clay figures to further their cause. Most impor- treasure trove for scientists and queer at the Museum of the American Indian tantly, the book suggests that a cross- and feminist theorists alike, nor is it to in New York City that Feinberg found cultural rereading of the historical deny that feminists, transgenderists herhis first clue that transgendered meaning of transgenderism is a mas- and gays, lesbians, and bisexuals don't people had not always been hated. The sive and valuable project yet to be share many political goals and aren't, discovery of the "Two-Spirited" (what undertaken. in fact, often one and the same people, European colonizers derogatorily but to acknowledge that the history of labeled "berdache") led herihim to Marianne van den Wijngaard's the academic study of transgenderism seek other evidence of this sort and to account of how the study of trans- is so undeniably the history of appro- try to piece together an historical gendered people has been used by priation, distortion, and silencing. account of the origin of the hatred that biomedical science to construct transgendered people seemed to have femininity and masculinity and vice Themost important book of the come so universally to experience, and versa puts the historical shortcomings three politically and the one that makes their resistance to it. of Feinberg's work in perspective. For

Feminist Collections voI.19, 110.2 Winter 1996 17 if van den Wijngaard's interpretation androgens that "masculinized" the new. The supposed origin of the of behavioral neuroendocrinology's brain prenatally, or their absence, pathology, however, was now such that role in creating and sustaining gender which resulted in an undifferentiated it led directly to research into neuroen- dimorphism is correct, the objectivity or female brain. docrinological interventions as of what passed for science in this case The introduction of the organiza- potential preventatives and cures. is quite suspect. At least Feinberg tion theory, van den Wijngaard argues, In van den Wijngaard's chapter on makes no attempt to present herself1 was followed by three historical the effect of this research on the himself as anything but partisan. She periods during which it underwent treatment of pseudohexmaphrodites, states explicitly: " . . . this book is not interesting revisions. As she analyzes she argues that although biomedical aimed at defining but at defending the and interprets scientific discovery researchers often presented their diverse [transgender] communities during these periods, the questions this findings with many qualifications, and that are coalescing" (p.ix). neuroendocrinologist asks are: "How even Money and Ehrhardt developed a The argument van den Wijngaard did scientists and physicians construct more balanced position regarding the develops in Reinventing the Sexes: The dualistic images of femininity and effects of hormones on brain differen- Biomedical Construction of Feminin- masculinity by producing knowledge tiation in their work after 1972, ity and Masculinity is a complicated based on the organization theory? physicians ignored the subtleties of and technically sophisticated one and How did feminism help stabilize or these research fmdings and adopted transgenderism per se is not at its change these images?" (p.20). images of femininity and masculinity heart. The most important piece of Van den Wijngaard concludes that at odds with the ideas generated by technical information needed to sometimes because of researchers' biomedical researchers at that time. understand her story has to do with desire to maintain their status within a Clinicians publishing in the 1970s and "the organization theory" postulated in specialty, sometimes because of the 1980s seem consistently to cite 1959 by Phoenix et al.' It is based on dominance of males in laboratory Money's and Ehrhardt's simplistic the assumption that "the sexual organs sciences - even, ironically, when earlier work, ignoring later complicat- bathe an embryo with hormones in the women became integrated into the ing findings. Van den Wijngaard finds womb, resulting in the birth of an research enterprise and began to the medical community's apparent individual with a male or a female question both theory and method, and, belief in the parallel and linked effects brain" (p.4). One reason the theory most surprisingly, even when con- of androgens on the development of was scientifically appealing was fronted with disconfinning evidence - sexual organs, sexual identity, and sex- because it brought together the ideas of biomedical science created, discovered, specific social roles remarkable given two different fields, psychology and and rediscovered gender dimorphism. the complexity of research fmdings in embryology. It was important for the The explanatory paradigm represented this regard (p.93). In addition, medical direction of future research because it by the organization theory, in other practitioners emphasized the impor- legitimated study of the permanent words, interfaced so nicely with taken- tance of sexuality in men and repro- effects of hormones on early brain for-granted "lmowledge" about sex ductivity in women as primary consid- development as expressed in a variety differences and gender dominance that erations in determining courses of of behaviors, especially sexual behav- had little or no grounding in science, treatment. In short, the treatment of ior. By observing gender-specific that all the safeguards supposedly pseudohermaphrodism also revalidates behavior, scientists could now "legiti- making science an objective seeking- traditional images of 'real' men and mately" assume they were measuring after-the-truth were obviated. The women. brain differentiation by gender. peculiar sexist politics of scientific Van den Wijngaard concludes by In 1955, before the introduction of discovery that made this possible is the questioning whether preserving a the organization theory, John Money major concern of this important book. particular cultural understanding that and his colleagues, who studied what A subtheme, however, is the makes life impossible for anyone not was then referred to as "intersexes," medical community's effort to "cure" clearly belonging to one sex or another viewed masculinity and femininity in homosexuals via a biomedical model justifies subjecting such people to the behavior as the result of socialization. that associated homosexuality with the danger and pain of multiple surgeries By 1972 the influential Money and his absence of masculinity and thus threw and risk of loss of sexual pleasure. She colleague Ehrhardt had modified their homosexuals into the default category says: "It would be an immense step position. Based on their study of pre- of femininity. Homosexuality and forward in science and medical natal hormones' effects on the behav- transgenderism could now be under- practice if we could become aware of. . ioral development of pseudoher- stood as the result of a prenatal . our dualistic images of sex, sexuality, maphrodites, they now argued that hormonal abnormality. What had been and gender . . . [and] accept human male or female behavior resulted at socially deviant was now medically diversity as it always exists. I hope to least partly from the presence of pathologized. This in itself was not live to see multiplicity of gender

18 Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 cherished at the intersection of bio- harbors great potential to deactivate them deal with attendant legal, logical sex, class, and race" (pp.95- gender or to create in the future the financial, moral, religious, and 96). possibility of 'supernumerary' genders psychological issues. The problem is This is a dream van den as social categories no longer based on the assumptions about transgenderism Wijngaard and Feinberg share. biology" (~.31).~ that emerge from the biomedical model Feinberg explicitly advocates support Nevertheless the book is heavily implicit in this book. This model for those seeking surgery to make their influenced by the traditional dualistic invariably pathologizes and seeks to bodies conform with their felt sexual assumptions of the biomedical model. cure or offer palliative care, and when identities and this position is implicit The brief history of the concepts of coupled with the clinical requirement in van den Wijngaard's book. Both cross-dressing and cross-gender that different varieties of recommend counseling for the parents behavior that launches the Introduction transgenderism be speci-fied so as to of intersexed babies to counter the begins tellingly with the fust de- be linked to "appropriate" care plans massive impact of both our culture's scription of these phenomena in the and standards of care, undermines the and the medical establishment's medical literature. An article by Dr. very gender-bending potential of dualistic thinking. Stanley Biber, "Current State of transgenderism that the editors Transexual Surgery: A Brief Over- purportedly seek to advance. The Theself-consciousness of both view," is filled with statements rein- effort to categorize creates new gender these authors on the particularly forcing the notion of "natural" g&der boundaries that, not surprisingly, are salient and fraught issue of "sexual dimorphism. For example, he says: primarily reflective of traditional (and reassignment surgery" (even the term "In our techniques, we not only form a unexarnined) gender dualities. reinscribes gender dimorphism) is vagina in a normal female position, but what is lacking in Gender Blending. also construct a urethral orifice in the whatnone of these books con- This work, edited by the late Bonnie natural female position so that our fronts head-on is the clear tension Bullough, Vern L. Bullough, and patient can pass urine directly down- between respecting the choices of James Elk, is a selection of the papers ward into the bowl while sitting on a transgendered people to do what they from a Congress of Cross-Dressing, toilet like a normal female, instead of wish with their own bodies - especially Sex and Gender organized by the over the top of the bowl as a male Center for Sex Research at California does" (p.375). Finally, no State University, Northridge. The note is made of the fact that conference sought to bring together Bolin's piece, rooted in social various organizations serving the constructionism, exists cheek transgender community and "those by jowl with one attempting to living the transgender life" with uncover the "Culturally researchers and therapists @. 13). Universal Aspects of Male Criticizing this work for its lack of Homosexual Transvestites and political self-consciousness would Transexuals." At best this probably be met with incredulity by its characteristic of the collection editors, each with impeccable creden- makes it less powerful and less tials as sex researchers. The Introduc- rich theoretically than one tion, for example, describes Marjorie might wish. At worst it Garber's work in the humanities that renders it undeniably regres- challenges bipolar notions of male and sive. female, seeing transgenderism not only Having said this, it is only as disruptive of malelfemale dualism, fair to stress that this book is but also of those very ~ategories.~The an incredible resource for lead article is by sociologist Anne those seeking to understand Bolin, well-known for her ethno- the desire of transgendered graphic studies of identity among people for sexual reassign- transgendered people, her assumption ment surgery, offer them that gender is socially constructed, and compassionate support during Miriam Greenwold her belief that the "transgenderist all phases of reassignment, and help

Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 19 in light of the pain they experience in a feisty comment by Virginia Prince, Warriors, Feinberg says: "Where I society that recognizes only two whom Feinberg describes as "the come from, being 'politically correct' genders and assumes a correspondence founding mother of the contemporary means using language that respects between one's sexual organs, one's U.S. cross-dressing community" other peoples' oppressions and sexuality, one's sexual identity, and (p.49). She is also the person who wounds" (pix). Awkward or not, that one's sex-specific social behaviors and coined the word "transgenderist." is my motivation here. appearance - and fighting against rigid With regard to sexual reassignment gender distinctions of all sorts so as to surgery, she quips: "We ain't broke - 2 Leslie Feinberg, Stone Butch Blues promote the type of stance toward so stop trying to fix us" (p.476). The (Ithaca: Firebrand Books, 1993). gender diversity van den Wijngaard editors' remarks introducing the wishes for. It's clear that at least at Prince comment are patronizing. In a 3 Charles H. Phoenix, Roger W. Goy, this time in history, doing the former sense, they must be because she is a Arnold A. Gerald, and William C. undercuts one's efforts to do the latter. person of some status within the Young, "Organization Action of Moreover, the fact that the background transgender community whose Testosterone Propionate on the Tissues assumptions of both biomedical science remarks challenge the whole premise Mediating Mating Behaviors in the and clinical practice are deeply and of the biomedical approach to Female Guinea Pig," Endocrinology, traditionally dualistic, and that these transgenderism. The editors say: 65 (1959): 369-82. institutions have a profound effect on "Virginia has always been opinionated, the social construction of gender at the and one of her major efforts has been 4 Marjorie Garber, Vested Interests: same time that their practitioners hold to try to achieve a precision of lan- Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety the keys to the door to sexual reassign- guage in relation to what individuals (New York: Routledge, 1992). ment surgery, does not bode well for a in the gendered community call resolution. themselves" (p.468). It is clear to this 5 Anne Bolin, In Search of Eve: Finally, although Feinberg would reader that the import of Prince's Transsexual Rites of Passage (South promote an umbrella movement in statement goes far beyond a concern Hadley, MA: Bergin & Gamey, 1988). support of the civil rights of the transfor language. The irony is that gendered, such a movement may con- Feinberg's political strategy, particu- [Eleanor M. Miller is an Associate front the same problems that have larly that part that supports sexual Professor of Sociology at the Univer- plagued the women's movement. One reassignment surgery would, of sity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee whose can refuse to define the transgendered necessity, also discount Virginia current work is on Azoran immigrants in order to promote community and Prince's protest. And there's the rub. to Lowell, Massachusetts, her birth- social action; however, can one at the place. She is the author of Street same time attend to the various needs NOTES Woman (Philadelphia: Temple Univer- peculiar to the diverse subgroups that sity Press, 1986). which has recently comprise that community? Gender 1 My use of pronouns in referring to been translated and published in Blending, for example, contains a Leslie Feinberg in the review that Japan, coeditor of The Worth of follows is awkward. In Transgender Women's Work (Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), and former president of Soci- ologkts for Women in Society.]

20 Feminist Collections vol.19, 110.2 Winter 1998 From Biography to Film to Religion: Thearea of GaylLesbiad BisexuaYTransgendered studies has A Roundup of New GLB Reference enjoyed an enormous upsurge in publishing, as evidenced by the more than Books five hundred books published in this area in 1996-1997. Included in this by Jacquelyn Marie output have been several extremely useful and informative reference sources, the majority published by BENT LENS: A WORLD GUIDE TO GAY & LESBIAN FILM. St. Kilda, mainstream publishers such as G.K. Victoria, Australia: Australian Catalogue Company; disk Samuel French, 1997. Hall, Holt, and St. James, in areas as 41%. $29.95, ISBN 0-646-308 18-1. diverse as biography, lesbian mothers, folkore and myth, film and video, and Bryant, Wayne, BISEXUAL CHARACTERS IN FILM :FROM ANAIS TO movement history. ZEE. New York : Hayworth Press, 1997. 186p. $24.95, ISBN 0-7890-0142-X. Smaller presses such as Visible Ink and Serpent's Tail have also Randy P. Comer, CASSELL 'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF QUEER MYTH, SYM- contributed to this resurgence. Visible BOL, AND SPIRIT: GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER Ink from Detroit, in publishing LORE. London: Cassell, 1997. 382p. $29.95, ISBN 0-304-33760-9 . Strength in Numbers, gives us, as Jenie Hall of American Friends Service Kate Griffin and Lisa A. Mulholland, LESBIAN MOTHERHOOD IN EU- Committee states in the foreword, "a ROPE. Washington: Cassell, 1997. 227p. pap., $19.95, ISBN 0-304-333 12-3. vivid affirmation of unity and the will to create community." This book Richard Laermer, GET ON WITH IT: THE GAY AND LESBIAN GUIDE TO highlights international and United GETTING ONLINE. New York: Broadway, 1997. 308p. pap., $1 8.00, ISBN O- States organizations (though the U.S. 553-06934-9 predominates), programs, presses, journals, and internet sites in arts, THE LESBIAN ALMANAC, compiled by the National Museum & Archive of literature, community, family, politics, Lesbian and Gay History. New York: Berkley Books, 1996. 534p. pap., $16.95, law, spirituality, health, sports, work, ISBN 0-425-15301-0. and youth, with brief "spotlight" features on notable individuals or Robert B. Marks Ridinger, THE GAY AND LESBIAN MOVEMENT: REFER- groups. Though addresses and phone ENCES AND RESOURCES. New York: G.K. Hall, 1996. 487p. $45.00, ISBN numbers of organizations may soon be 0-81 61-7373-7. out of date, the listing itself with its brief descriptions speaks of the variety Paula Martinac, THE QUEEREST PLACES: A NATIONAL GUIDE TO GAY of Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual organizations AND LESBIAN HISTORIC SITES. New York: H. Holt, 1997. 350p. pap., and makes this a rich resource of a $14.95, ISBN 0-8050-4480-9. dynamic community. Geographical and general indexes enhance its Jenni Olson, THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO LESBIAN AND GAY FILM AND richness. VIDEO. New York: Serpent's Tail, 1996. 38%. pap., $25.00, ISBN 1-85242- 339-0. Though several guides dealing with gay and lesbian issues in film and STRENGTH IN NUMBERS: A LESBIAN, GAY AND BISEXUAL RE- video have been published in the last SOURCE. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1996. 311p. pap., $16.95, ISBN 0-7876- few years, The Ultimate Guide to 0881-5. Lesbian & Gay Film and Video, edited by Jenni Olson as an expansion of her Michael J. Tyrkus, Editor, GAY & LESBIAN BIOGRAPHY. Detroit: St. James university thesis and published by Press, 1997. 5 15p. $85.00, ISBN 0-7876-0563-8. Serpent's Tail, proceeds from a slightly different point of view and therefore is a useful addition to the field. The

Feminist Collections vo1.19. no.2 Winter 1998 21 majority of the two thousand interna- 1939; Years of Hiding and Resistance, centers, organizations, and resources, tional titles listed (most mentioned in 1924- 1968; and Song of Stonewall and an absolutely marvelous section, previous sources) were shown in the from Gay Liberation to Aids, 1969- chock-full of information, on "just San Francisco Gay and Lesbian 1993. This structure enables Ridinger about everythmg you wanted to know Festival and the descriptions were to include short, informative essays about Lesbian lives" from activism to written for the programs, thereby summarizing the main events of each art; sex to sports. For example, the making the book an invaluable era followed by annotated citations activism section includes a bibliogra- resource for a filmlvideo festival. The that begin with the writings on homo- phy, illustrations of posters, a short guide lists distributors, including sexuality by Magnus Hirschfield and history, listings of hate groups, key addresses, phone and fax numbers, and Karl Ulrichs in Germany and continue historical issues, organizing on the includes a short history of the festival, through the Pink Triangles of the Nazi Internet, the Lesbian Avengers Mani- a directory of other international gay era, to the North American movement festo and timeline of their activities, and lesbian film festivals, and a that included the Stonewall riots and and a profile of Carmen Vasquez, a bibliography. The indexes continue the Marches on Washington, and New York activist. A priceless addi- this uniqueness by listing lesbian, gay, onward to the concept of the Queer tion are the historic and contemporary cogender, bisexual, and transgender Nation. Inclusion of article cites on photos from the archives, from butch- shorts and features. Also included is an various organizations through the femme couples in the 1920s to senior intriguing subject index, featuring such years - such as the Daughters of lesbians in a gay pride march, used headings as Asian/Black/LatinoMative Bilitis, the Mattachine Society, Act throughout the book. Combine this American images, body issues, drag, Up, and the National Coalition of with the bibliographies on lesbians and family, elders, differently abled, and Black Lesbians and Gays - are lesbianism published in the 1990s, as racism to help both researchers and valuable points of reference for further well as the Gay and Lesbian Movement festival planners to choose films. research, as is the listing of U.S. previously mentioned, for a full view of Another new volume, coming from an regional organizations and newspaper lesbian culture and history. Australian and hence a more interna- sources. Though the author's intro- Continuing in the historical vein is tional perspective, is Bent Lens. duction states that he used mono- the Gay and Lesbian Biography edited Synopses are often from the Melbourne graphs, dissertations, and periodical by Mike Tyrkus of St. James Press, Queer Film and Video Festival, articles in English and German, from which contains extensive signed covering the same information as the both popular and academic sources, biographical essays on 275 gays and Ultimate Guide (distributors, festivals, there seems to be a lack of strong lesbians from "ancient Greece to bibliography) but also fascinating coverage from lesbian and feminist modern-day San Francisco," from essays on EuropedAustralidAsian periodicals; the Ladder and Lesbian "poets to psychologists." Each essay cinema, gays and Hollywood musicals, Tide are represented, but where are includes bibliographical references and and lethal women (aka lesbian vam- such important serials as ofour back often a photo or drawing of the person. pires). There are more film and video or Lesbian Contradiction? Many of these people are mentioned listings, especially from other countries Look for the vital history of the briefly in the other reference sources and other genres such as experimental, lesbian nation presented in wonder- described, however this volume shorts, and documentaries. Included is fully colorful fashion through a delineates their contribution(s) to gay a useful country index, plus indexes by combination of stories, photos, and lesbian history as well as the genre, lesbidgay themes, and timelines, sayings, short bibliogra- impact their sexuality has had on their directors. Also check the new phies, and other ephemera in the lives. The indexes include nationality, Bisexual Characters in Film, which Lesbian Almanac, compiled by the occupation, and general subject, and contains an excellent bibliography. National Musem and Archives of Gay lesbians are well represented. and Lesbian History in New York. (A After reading about a famous Thehistory of the Gay and companion volume, Gay Almanac, North American gay or lesbian, one Lesbian movement is delineated in the focuses on male issues). Nine sections can consult The Queerest Places: A extensive bibliography The Gay and show the "highlights and 'lowlights' National Guide to Gay and Lesbian Lesbian Movement, published as a part of North American lesbian and gay Historic Sites and then travel to clubs, of G.K.Hal17sseries on American history from the sixteenth century to bars, centers, hangouts, plaques, Social Movements and compiled by the present," as stated in the title of colleges, bookstores, collectives, or Robert B. Marks Ridinger, who Part 1. The focus is on lesbians and houses pertinent to them or particular previously published a bibliography on some of the "lights" include listings of gay/lesbian/bisexual organizations. An gay and lesbian issues. Covering more North American notable lesbians, excellent section covers lesbian- than 125 years, from 1864 to 1993, the statistics, quotable quotes, a glossary feminist Los Angeles. This book is book is divided into three sections: of symbols, signs, and slang, a arranged by state, then city, and Foundations and Philosophies, 1864- National directory of gay and lesbian includes some photos and illustrations.

22 Feminist Collections vol. 19. no.2 Winter I998 Mirinm Greenwnld

A bibliography lists primary and an expose of AOL), cybercafes, and eroticism, tarot, Lesbos, magic, secondary sources. even print sources. The author, symbols, and lesbian and gay compos- Richard Laermer, evaluates all, ers and writers. The latter seems a Tenyears ago it would have been includes "interesting" graphics and strange addition and is not comprehen- difficult to-find mention of lesbians or even tips for online chatting, flirting, sive; however it is interesting to read lesbianism in European countries, such and sex. Though the fifteen-page how contemporary writers such as as the Czech Republic or Russia, and section on lesbian sites is invaluable, Gloria Anzaldua write about an lesbian motherhood was unrnention- and the whole book is fun to read, it historical character, Malinche, and able; however two women, Kate does have a distinctly gay male point how Emily Dickinson wrote about Griffin fiom Moscow and Lisa ofview. witches. The authors fully deal with Mulholland fiom Prague, have edited bisexuality and transgender in a way Lesbian Motherhood in Europe, giving Leaving the most intriguing to most of the other reference sources do us thumbnail sketches of countries last, Cassell 's Encyclopedia of Myth, not. They also use other culture- from Estonia to Ireland as to climate of Symbol, and Spirit: Gay, Lesbian, specific words such as androgynous, acceptance, laws, adoption, fostering Bisexual, and Transgender Lore pays third gender, gender variant, and two- and insemination practices, child homage to the wide range of queer spirit. The encyclopedia ends with an benefits, support groups, and a glimpse spirituality. Written by a gay male excellent bibliography of books and at the future for lesbian mothering. couple, David and Randy Sparks, who articles as well as an interesting These essays are written by women do workshops on gay spirituality, and thematic index that lists goddesses, living in each particular country and their daughter, Mariya Sparks, this gods, symbols, colors, animals and include general statistics on single thoroughly researched resource takes a birds. heads of households and other demo- broad, sweeping look at glbt lore, Since all these reference books graphic information. There are also showing the shared history of gay cover a wide spectrum of topics, now is overview essays, written by Griffin and males and lesbians coming fiom the time to acquire many or all of these Mulholland, on "getting kids," "family similar myths and folklore. After an for your favorite library, including your structure," "the world outside," and excellent introductory overview by the own. "identity and community." Of particu- three authors, a foreword by writer lar interest are profiles from the Gloria Anzaldua states this encyclope- emerging countries of Eastern Europe dia is for those "who seek to recover, [Jacquelyn Marie is the Women 's such as Lithuania and Croatia. reinscribe, and revision myths and StudiedReference Librarian at the symbols of gender metamorphosis and University of California, Santa Cruz. Inthe style of everything-you- same-sex desire." There are lengthy She teaches many library research alway s-wanted-to-know-is-on-the-Web, essays on spiritual traditions around classes in the areas of women 's studies Get On With It offers thousands of gay the world, fiom African religions to and gay and lesbian studies.] and lesbian sites full of information, Buddhism, Shinto to Shamanism, health tips, organizations, resources, Sufism to Radical Faeries, Wicca to sex. It also offers an easy, nontechni- Women's Spirituality, followed by cal foray into the world of email, substantial entries dealing with Gods newsgroups, online services (including and Goddesses, women in the bible,

Feminist Collections vo1.19. 110.2 Winter 1998 23 Lesbian Resources on the Web by Ellen Greenblatt

Lesbian visibility is as much a problem on the World The Isle of Lesbos Wide Web as in everyday life. Although performing a URL: http://www.sappho.com search on the term "lesbian" in such search engines as Developedlmaintained by: Alexandria North AltaVista or Hotbot www.hotbot.com> yields a multitude of sites, many of these Last updated: Unknown are either combined lesbian, gay, bisexual, andor trans- Date of Review: 12/23/97 gender sites or pages consisting mainly of unannotated links to other sites. Another problem common to the lesbian This stunningly beautiful site contains two Web comer of the Web is that many sites are run by volunteers. treasures: "Lesbian Poetry," a site featuring the poetry of While many of these start off with bang, over a period of and biographical infomution about twenty-four poets; and time maintenance drops off, leaving these sites full of "Lesbian Images in Art," which features more than sixty- obsolete information and outdated links. This review will five works from forty artists browsable by artist and time explore a few of the more notable lesbian websites. period. Unfortunately, while the pages feature 1997 copyright dates, most do not appear to have been updated since mid- 1996 or earlier, so be wary of using other re- GENERAL SITES: sources at this site such as "Yoohoo Lesbians," since thisYahoo-like Web directory apparently has not been Lesbian.org updated since about the same time. URL: http://www.lesbian.org/ Developedlmaintained by: Amy T. Goodloe The Lesbian History Project URL: http://www-lib.usc.edu/-retter/main.html Last updated: Unknown Developedlmaintained by: Yolanda Retter Date of Review: 12/23/97 Last updated: Unknown Begun in February 1995 to "promote lesbian visibility Date of Review: 12/23/97 on the Internet," Lesbian.org is the oldest and most comprehensive website devoted exclusively to lesbians. Dubbed Rated by Lycos as among the top five percent of "lesbian central" by some, this site sports a variety of websites, this content-rich site contains a wealth of informa- features including its own search engine, "Annotated & tion about lesbian "herstory." Along with providing Searchable Links"; a guide to the Internet; a message board; herstorical chronologies, lists, and photographs of notable and discussion groups. Lesbian.org also hosts Web pages lesbians, the site also identifies relevant journals, archives, for a number of organizations and publications such as the oral hlstory collections, dissertations, theses, bibliographies, June Mazer Lesbian Collection, Spinsters Ink (a lesbian- syllabi, and interviews. Truly an online archive of informa- feminist publisher), and Matrices: A Lesbian-Feminist tion! Yolanda Retter, Curator of the Lesbian Legacy Newsletter. While the site is overall still well-maintained Collection of One, Inc., maintains the site. and well-presented, Webmistress Amy Goodloe appears to be pulling back from some earlier projects such as Sapphic Ink: A Lesbian Literary Journal.

24 Feminist Collections voL19, no.2 Winter 1998 SEARCH ENGINES: :xamines special issues related to such lists, and even gives ~dviceon how to start a list. For infonnation on queer Lesbian Links nailing lists, see The Queer Resources Directory's URL: http://www.lesbian.org/lesbian/index.html ,GBT+ Internet mailing lists When using this resource, however, take WWWomen :are to note when the information was contributed (the date Last updated: 12/22/97 s listed right after the name of the mailing list), as some of Date of Review: 12/23/97 he information is obsolete.

A combined venture of Lesbian.org (see above) and WWWomen, a leading online directory for women, this is ZOMING OUT: the premier search engine geared exclusively to lesbians. It offers access both through free-text searching and through a Resource Guide to Coming Out subject hierarchy. Most links are annotated. JRL: http://www.hrc.org/ncop/guide.html levelopedmaintained by: The Human Rights Campaign Rainbow Query URL: http://www.glweb.com/rainbowquery/index.html Last updated: Unknown Developedmaintained by: Atlantis InterNetworks Date of Review: 12/23/97 Last updated: Unknown Because of its relative anonymity, the Web is a perfect Date of Review: 12/23/97 dace for those questioning their identify to comfortably search for information on coming-out issues. Several Billing itself as "the largest, most complete GLBT :oming-out sites exist on the Web, including this site search on the Internet," this site contains links to more than :rested by the Human Rights Campaign's National Coming thirty thousand Queer URLs. It is searchable by free-text or Out Project. Features include interviews with celebrities through some two hundred categories, sixteen of which who are out, a bibliography of books on coming out, and pertain exclusively to lesbians or women. Information taken directories of queer organizations (including religious from the Web pages cited is included after each listed link. groups). Another excellent site is found at Coming Out , a brochure written by lesbian youth for lesbian youth Developedmaintained by: Eva Isaksson and young women questioning their sexuality. Last updated: 12/9/97 All of these sites and many more can be found at Date of Review: 12/23/97 WSSLinks: Lesbian Links ,part of a site developed In a truly international collaboration, this Web page, and maintained by the Womens Studies Section Collection maintained by lesbian Internet guru Eva Isaksson in Development Committee of the Association of College and Finland, is hosted by Lesbian.org in the U.S. Containing Research Libraries. information about and sign-on instructions for approximately one hundred electronic discussion lists devoted to [Ellen Greenblatt is the Assistant Director for Technical lesbian topics, this site includes a wide range of citations, Services, Auraria Library, University of Colorado at from "Crockdykes" (short for Betty Crockdykes Cooking Denver. The co-editor of Gay and Lesbian Library Service, Circle), for dykes who like to exchange recipes and cooking she has written extensively on gay and lesbian tips; to "lesbian-studies," for academic-oriented discussions librarianship. An Internet fanatic, she has designed several on lesbian history, literature, culture, etc.; and Web pages including Library Q, for lesbian and gay "Politidykes," for political discussion from a progressive librarians, and has managed several electronic discussion point of view. In an essay exploring "Living with Lesbian lists, including "QSTUDY-L,"for queer studies, and Lists" , "LEZBRIAN,"for lesbian and bisexual women library Isaksson gives a brief "herstory" of lesbian mailing lists, workers. ]

Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 25 Webs of Transgender collection of more than four hundred transgender- related websites from national and local organizations and Resources individuals. You can start your tour at http:// www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=tr;listor follow the links available from individual sites on the tour. by Amy Naughton A major site for transgender issues is Transgender rorum (see address at top). A commercial site produced by KEY WEBSITES MENTIONED: -D Communications, this site additionally functions as a pasi-community and resource center for the trans- Transgender Forum :endered. Paying subscribers have access to its online URL: http://www.tgforum.com nagazine Transgender Forum Magazine, TGF library Developedlmaintained by 3-D Communications, Inc. rchives, a photo gallery of subscribers, etc. The rest of the Date of last update: November 1997 ite's information, free to everyone, includes two main parts Date of review: November 2 1,1997 ~fthe website, the Community Center and the Resource :enter. The Community Center provides free Web space for Queer Resources Directory lonprofit, educational, and community support groups URL: http://www.qrd.org/qrd vishing to have websites, provides links to groups with URL for Transgender Issues: http://www.qrd.org/qrdtransl stablished websites; and maintains a directory of national Developedmaintained by: Ron Buckmirer, executive direc- md local support groups in North America and the rest of tor, David Casti, system administrator, and others. he world. The Resource Center contains a listing of Date of last update: November 16, 1997 ransgender events (conferences, pride celebrations, Date of review: November 25, 1997 narches, etc.), "cool" sites with an archive, personal web )ages, an annotated bibliography of transgender reference Oneof the most noteworthy effects of the develop- naterials from the 1960s through 1996, links to state and ment of the Internet is the formation of an arena for Tederal legislation and references affecting the transgender marginalized groups to contact one another, exchange and :o~nn~unity,and even a version of the online magazine in provide access to group-related information, and create a Hebrew! community among people who have traditionally been Overall, this site is one of the very best on this topic in excluded from mainstream culture. Groups as divergent as ;ems of Web design and maintenance. Though lacking model train hobbyists and Goddess worshippers can create a somewhat in substantive information sources, it is very site for interaction between community members while mtertaining and serves both its commercial and philan- presenting information and resources to both community thropic functions well. members and others interested in the topic. The Internet, then, presents a perfect opportunity for A site that is decidedly less fun but more informative transgendered people to find and exchange information is the section of the Queer Resources Directory covering about themselves, their community, and their place in the Transgender issues (see address at top of article). The world at large. There is a wide variety of Internet resources home site is "an electronic research library specifically relating to issues of gender and sexuality, but a more limited dedicated to sexual minorities." Information on trans- range on transgenderism. These sources include news- genderism can be found by searching the "subject tree" and groups, ftp sites, and World Wide Web sites from individu- scrolling down to the hypertext llnk "trans," which leads to als, commercial entities, and national and local support a list of approximately 150 information sources dating from organizations. Yahoo's listing for Transgender issues 1994 to October 1997 and concludes with a short listing of (http://www.yahoo.com/Society_and~Culture/Gender/ hypertext links to related websites. A variety of sources are Transgendered) is a good starting place for getting a fairly included: news and press releases, personal essays, pub- comprehensive idea of the information available on the lished articles, conference announcements, and organiza- Internet. It includes fifty-eight links to general resources, tional notices. Unfortunately, some of the information is fifty-one organizational links, eighty-three links to personal dated or of little interest (for example, announcements of homepages, in addition to links to publications, mailing social gatherings or planning meetings from 1996). In lists, and other sites. addition, the site's organization, an alphabetical list of short Another way to become familiar with transgender sites titles with date and length information, makes searching the is by taking a tour of the Global TransGendeRing, a linkec list difficult. Taking time to sift through the list, though,

26 Feminist Collections voLI9, 110.2 Winter 1998 reveals a large number of informative pieces including tion on transgender issues currently available on the "empire strikes back," an article by Sandy Stone ("THE Internet. After exploring these two comprehensive sites, founding article in transgender studies"); "in your face news one can begin to investigate the myriad of smaller organiza- roundup," a monthly transgender news digest; and a tional or personal websites, from the International Founda- collection of pieces on social and political actions affecting tion for Gender Education to Julie Walter's homepage to Le transgendered people. Despite its cumbersome organization, Pink Cabaret! this site does an admirable job of gathering information sources on transgender issues that would be difficult to find [Amy Naughton is completing her Masters in Library elsewhere. Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison while The sites from Transgender Forum and the Queer working part-time at the Ofice of the UW System Women's Resources Directory provide the most concentrated informa- Studies Lituarian. She is also proud new mom of Leo.]

FEMINISTVISIONS

Women Filmmakers: Bookends of Innovative Filmmaking by Carole Gerster

Anthony Slide, THE SILENT FEMINISTS: AMERICA'S directors came to an end simultaneously. Silent Feminists FIRST WOMEN DIRECTORS. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow explains that during the silent era women directed all genres Press, 1996. l6Op. bibl. index. photogs. pap., $29.50. of film, including Westerns; were paid on the basis of skills ISBN 0-8108-3053-1 and experience, rather than gender; worked in all areas of filmmaking, including editing, screenwriting, and manag- Judith M. Redding and Victoria A. Brownworth, FILM ing theaters and studios; dominated as film stars; and FA TALES: INDEPENDENT WOMEN DIRECTORS. headed their own production companies. Chapters highlight Seattle: Seal Press, 1997. 293p. bibl. photogs. filmog. pap., such pioneers as Alice Guy Blache (who was the world's $16.95, ISBN 1-878067-97-4. first female director, created what was probably the first narrative film in 1896, and was the first person to build her own studio in America), Lois Weber (who owned her own Moviegoers readily recognize the names of Nora studio and who wrote, directed, and starred in films that Ephron, Amy Heckerling, Penny Marshall, Penelope promoted her own ideas and philosophy), and Dorothy Spheeris, and Barbra Streisand as contemporary women Arzner (who moved from editing to directing and was the directors. Women directors of the silent era, however, and only woman director to move from silents to sound). These women directors who make independent films outside of and other chapters - on Margery Wilson, Mrs. Wallace Reid Hollywood are largely unknown and their accomplishments (Dorothy Davenport), Francis Marion, women at Universal unrecognized. Two recent books take on the individual tasks Studios, and women at Vitagraph - chronicle the lives, of uncovering the ignored history of early women directors careers, and contributions of women who paved the way for who helped establish the American film industry and of women in the industry today. Slide notes that the silent era exploring the current efforts of contemporary women and women's prominent place within it came to an end directors who are representing in independent film the when the industry became successful and respectable diverse lives of women missed or misrepresented in Holly- enough that men decided to dominate and to compartmen- wood cinema. talize filmmaking to the extent that women could no longer An enlarged and updated version of his 1977 book, easily move from entry level position to studio mogul. Anthony Slide's 1996 The Silent Feminists: America's First Slide is occasionally provocative and, though never Women Directors shows how, during its first thirty years, scintillating, always informative, especially for those whose the film industry in America was largely "a woman's world" film history has ignored or included little about women. and how this era of silent films and multitude of women While he contends that pioneering women in film are

Feminist CoNecfions vol.19, no.2 Winter 1998 27 neans by which they made them. A final section, called 'Beyond the Director's Chair," focuses on four women who xomote, distribute, produce, and sponsor women's indepen- lent films. Film Fatales is largely by, as well as about, the directors t profiles. Extended statements taken from interviews with iedding and Brownworth recount the diverse and distinct ;oak of groundbreaking women filmmakers from across 4merica and from Central America, Canada, the United (ingdom, Europe, the Caribbean, Asia, Australia, and New Sealand. Looking for alternatives to what British critic and ilmrnaker Laura Mulvey defined in 1975 as "the male ;aze," where women in film are depicted as objects of male iesire, Redding and Brownworth chronicle women direc- ors' variations on the female gaze: the ways women mvision themselves and their lives. Film Fatales examines first the films and ideas of four nnovative filmmakers in the documentary genre. We learn ibout Allie Light's (1993) documentary Dialogues With Wadwomen, for example, which interviews seven women, ~ncludingLight, who have been labeled mad by the medical xofession because they do not follow social norms. The film avoids becoming a voyeuristic look at women, as Light %voidsthe documentary's usual authoritative voice-over. She instead combines elements of the documentary and of ignored by women today because not all pursued what is fiction to "document the interior life" with reenactments of currently recognized as feminist thinking, Slide fails to the women's "dreams, memories, and fantasies." Pratibha discuss current research. He also admits that the few silent Parmar's controversial film about female genital mutilation, era film shorts and features that have been preserved do not Warrior Marks (1993), combines politics and art, interview- always represent a director's best or most representative ing victims and substituting music and dance for depictions work. Most valuable in Slide's book are statements from of actual mutilations. The film includes commentary by other filmmakers of the time and from the women directors novelist Alice Walker to make connections between genital themselves; an appended essay by Alice Guy Blache, for mutilation, which viewers may not think affects them, and example, demonstrates how aware she was of her gendered the larger picture of how patriarchal cultures attempt to role in society and just how clever women had to be to define women's sexuality and limit women's sexual plea- create a place for themselves in the film industry. With this sure. book and his documentary video of the same title (45 Nine experimental filmmakers are profiled. Barbara minutes, available from Direct Cinema in Los Angeles), Hammer's forty-seven films each give new cinematic Slide gives voice to, contextualizes, and documents the lives expression to her lesbian perspective. Hammer uses and accomplishments of these no-longer-silent feminists. experimental imagery, narration, and performance to "create a new way of seeing," and she documents gay and lesbian Judith Redding and Victoria Brownworth's Film lives, including her own, to leave visual records. Trinh T. Fatales: Independent Women Directors acquaints filmgoers Minh-ha's nonlinear films about women counter the passive interested in representations of women by women and viewing and voyeurism that is encouraged by Hollywood beyond Hollywood with thirty-four women directors of cinema and by ethnographic documentaries as she invites diverse backgrounds, ages, ethnicities, and political and viewers to actively engage in what they are seeing as images sexual orientations who often conflate and sometimes work constructed by filmmakers. In Remembering Wei Yi-fang, against established genres and styles. The book's introduc- Remembering Mysew An Autobiography (1995), Yvonne tion includes an overview of the role women played in the Welbon fuses documentary and narrative to offer new early development of the motion picture, linking the portraits of African-American women. Su Friedrich etches obstacles, concerns, perspectives, and ignored achievements words on film negatives, instructs projectionists to run of the silent film directors with those of today's independent projectors at slower speeds than usual, and is interested in directors. The book's three main sections - on documen- creating films that blur the usual boundaries between tary, experimental, and narrative film - each focus on the viewers and viewed. ideas of the independent women directors whose work falls Profiles of fifteen narrative filmmakers, some who have within these genres, the films they have made, and the moved to Hollywood and some who have refused Hollywood

28 Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 invitations, comprise the bulk of the book. Lizzie Borden's outcome, something that rarely happens in Hollywood, interest in depicting female sexuality, desire, danger, and makes the effort worthwhile. Films that provoke thought, power led her to make Working Girls (1986), a film about that offer new ways of seeing, that focus on issues women prostitution. In this film, Borden counters Hollywood actually deal with, and that are directed to a female audi- depictions of prostitutes by casting women without stereo- ence are still beyond the boundaries of commercial, main- typically perfect bodies, avoids the male gaze by deeroti- stream cinema, whether in Hollywood or Bollywood (India's cizing the sex scenes, and demystifies prostitution by equivalent). This book is a celebration of women filmmak- depicting it as a job much like any other. Mira Nair's ers whose independent films are created to go beyond these Salaam Bombay (1988) offers an alternative to films that boundaries. romanticize British colonialism in her native India by using Placing women directors into genre sections sometimes street children instead of actors to document the struggle for gives an erroneous impression of what they are attempting survival on the streets of Bombay. A film about women who to do with film genres, chapters on individual women are engage in sexual love, Nair's Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love short, and there are mistakes (Whoopi Goldberg isn't the (1997) is her answer to mainstream cinema where, she says, highest paid actress in Hollywood), but the book success- "rape is an accepted sexual expression, but sensual or fully introduces readers to a large number of women spiritual pleasure is not." Julie Dash's Illusions (1983) and directors and makes their ideas accessible. The title Film Daughters of the Dust (1991) offer alternatives to Holly- Fatales plays on the stereotyped woman popular in and wood's images of the sexless Mammy and the black prosti- since noir films of the 1930s and 40s. The femme fatale in tute with "images of black women that other black women these films is depicted as dangerous to men because she is will recognize." Donna Deitch's influential Desert Hearts not interested in being an object of men's desires and, (1985) is a positive lesbian love story that counters instead, has desires of her own. The cover of Film Fatales Hollywood's usual depictions of lesbians (where one of the depicts afilm noir femme fatale, but replaces her gun with a women is killed, commits suicide, or runs off with a man) to camera. As the cover suggests and the book reveals, today's show two women still in love and still together at the end of independent film fatales are dangerous to the continuation the story. Jan Oxenberg's Thank You and Good Night of patriarchy and to assumptions about women repeated in (1991) is about confronting death. The film is Oxenberg's mainstream film. These women directors are making answer to the problems she sees caused by Americans' exciting contributions to the art of film by creating new denial of death, such as accepting films where people are female forms and to representations of women by making "blown away in sadistic and horrific ways" and not given a their own desires known. second thought. Throughout each of the book's sections, women testify [Carole Gerster is Associate Professor of English at the to the obstacles and the pleasures of independent filmmak- University of Wisconsin-River Falls, where she teaches ing. Raising enough money for production and postpro- three film courses: Women and Film, Ethnic Film and duction costs and getting completed films distributed are Literature, and The Novel and Film Adaptations.] repeated concerns; having complete creative control of the

Don't forget that our website (http:/1 Email Lists www.library/wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies includes electronic versions of all recent "Computer Talk" (Below is only a small sampling of email discussion lists, columns, plus many bibliographies, core lists of women's some that have come to our attention over the last few studies books, and links to hundreds of other websites. months. For a much more complete listing of new and 88 existing lists, try Joan Korenman S webpage at: http:// www.umbc. edu/wmst/forums. html)

Note thatfinal punctuation is often left ofsentences in this The ASSOCIATION OF AFRICAN WOMEN SCHOL- section that list email or Web addresses, since listservs and ARS encourages scholarship in all disciplines related to Web addresses do not end with a "dot"or period. African Women's Studies. To join the organization's discussion group, send the message subscribe ajivoscho to

Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 29 [email protected] (or send email to Public Library and its Schomburg Center for Research in [email protected] for more information). Black Culture offering a collection of texts by African American women: fiction (8 works), poetry (23), biography1 SASYFRAS is a discussion list intended for those (mostly autobiography (23), and essays (4). Many pieces are already women) dealing with Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunc- in full-text; others are in process. Address: http:// tion Syndrome (CFIDS) and/or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis www.nypl.org/research/admin/aaw/19home3.htm (M.E.). Send the message subscribe sasyfiasfirstname lastname to [email protected]. LSOFT.COM The ANDROGYNY & GENDER DIALECTICS page by Thomas Gramstad views the idea of two separate, opposite WOMEN-L is a list for Canadian women. To subscribe, sen( genders as wrongheaded and suggests androgyny or some the message subscribe women-1 to MAJORDOMO construction that otherwise does away with the duality of the @HELIX.NET sexes. Address: http://www.math.uio.no/-thomadgnu WOMENET, sponsored by the American Studies Associa- androgyny .html tion, focuses on discussion of international women in Ameri- The CENTER FOR WOMEN & RELIGION has a can Studies. To join, send the message subscribe womenet website fill of resources, including a feature on biographical firstname lastname to LISTSERV@LISTSERV. and resource information about Hildegard von Bingen, a GEORGETOWN.EDU limited listing of links related to the work of the Center, news on Chiapas, a special interest of the Center, resources WORLD WIDE WEBSITES for young feminists, and more. Their address: http:// www.gtu.edu/Centers/cwr/index.htrnl ADVOCATES FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND ENGI- CRITICAL MATRIX, Princeton's "Journal of Women, NEERING (AWSEM) provides an "awesome" web page Gender, and Culture," will be offering a publication sched- designed to encourage girls' interest in math and science. ule with one print issue and one electronic issue per year. From the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technol- Check their website for announcements of upcoming issues ogy and its Saturday Academy comes this nicely designed (as well as contents of back issues, subscription information, series of pages covering resources for girls, their parents and and the like). Address: http://www.princeton.edu/-proword teachers, statistics and an overview on gender equity, a CM/ monthly project (silly semi-solid stuff is this month's hands- ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN'S HISTORY website is on feature), online links to related websites, and more. Their a project of the Portland Jewish Academy, "written by and address: http://www.awsem.com/ for the K12 community," that includes some 120 brief AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS is biographical sketches of well-known women. Their address: a group intending to "serve as an anchor organization with http://www.teleport.cord-megainedwomen.html the political and economic strength necessary to positively The FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION RESEARCH affect African American Women Entrepreneurs' survival, HOMEPAGE offers definitions, reference materials, success and profitability." The website includes a limited legislation regarding eradication of FGM, and links to a number of @aid) members, most centered around its Dallas, number of related sources. Address: http://www.hollyfeld. Texas, base, and no real content at this point, but lots of orglfgrd visitors with a variety of interests. Web address: http:// aawe.org/ FEMINISTAS UNIDAS now has a presence on the Web, announcing upcoming conferences, calls for papers, publica- AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN ON THE NET carries tions, and offering a membership listing as well as a links to websites on a number of topics of relevance to connection to the Feministas discussion list. Their Web African American women, including such subjects as address is: http://www.west.asu.edu/femunida/ culture, gender, feminism, parenting, health, education, spirituality, publications, organizations, art, cuisine, GENDER, AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP- sororities, and governrnent/politics. Their address: http:/l MENT is a page full of excellent links to related websites, www. virtualroots,com/AfricananBlackanAAWON/ discussion lists, resource links, and conference announce- sitelinks.htm ments. Sponsored by a Gender Studies in Agriculture program at Wageningen Agricultural University in the AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN WRITERS OF THE Netherlands, the project's address is: http://www.sls.wau.nV NINETEENTH CENTURY is a project of the New York crdslirl-gs.htm

30 Feminist Collections voll9, na2 Winter 1998 HerSPHERE is an eclectic blend of resources (some of the MAKING OF AMERICA is a massive project at the links are defunct or moved) for African American women. University of Michigan putting online "a digital library of "Kulture Links," "Women with Alternative Lifestyles," "Her primary sources in American social history from the HealthISpirit" (with some interesting recipes included), and antebellum period through reconstruction." With some more fill these pages. Find HerSPHERE at: http://members. 1,600 books and 50,000 journal articles, the collection offers aol.com/afriwornan/hersphere/ such gems as the full-text of The Ladies Repository (from 184 1 1876) and of VaniQ Fair (from 1860- 1862). The main HYSTERIA'S homepage offers a good listing of humorous - site, with search engine available, is found at: http:// books to purchase, including Is Martha Stuart Living? and www.umdl.umich.edu/moa~ A Useless Guide to WindBlows 95, plus a free monthly humor 'zine. Their Web address: http://www.hysteriabooks. Belinda Ray's MINING COMPANY GUIDE TO cod WOMEN'S HISTORY offers a site packed with regularly updated information (the Feb. 17 issue features Women of InGEAR (Integrating Gender Equity And Reform) calls its the Wild West, Women of Peace, Rosa Parks & Montgomery website a "toolkit of curriculum materials" to "promote Bus Boycott, and more) plus a host of links to further info, excellence and equity in mathematics, science, and engi- such as women artists, inventors, sports figures, and much neering instruction" for K- 12 teachers. This exceptionally more. Address: http://womenshistory.miningco.com/ rich site includes publications (print and online), curricula, resources, organizations, faculty workshops, and more. The The NATIONAL COUNCIL OF NEGRO WOMEN has project of a consortium of educators from Georgia's colleges an elegant black web page with links in gold offering a bit and universities and funded largely by the National Science of the organization's history, links to centers for research on Foundation, the website also seeks new resources from Black women, a listing of affiliate organizations, and a contributors. Address: http://www.coe.uga.edu/ingear/ number of links to topical websites of interest. Their page is found at: http://www.ncnw.com/ The JUNIOR SUMMIT 1998 is a project of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab, inviting some 1,000 The NATIONAL MUSEUM OF WOMEN IN THE boys and girls from ages 10 to 16 to take part in a six-month ARTS offers a wonderful website full of information about global online forum. Participants will experience new its permanent collection (complete with bios and thumbnails technologies and work on new ideas for solving important of the artists), history of the museum, special exhibitions, world problems (computers and access to be supplied to frequently asked questions, membership, and more. Check it those who don't have them). Applications accepted until out at: http:/h.nmwa.org/ March 31, 1998. (Here's a good chance for input from lots The NATURALMOM.COM website offers articles, herbal of girls!) Check the website at: http://www.jrsummit.net/ and other health aids, a reference guide, an open forum, and The LIVING ARCHIVES SERIES from the League of connections to a Webring of related sites. Address: http:// Canadian Poets' Feminist Caucus is a series of chapbooks www.naturalmom.com/index.htm based on presentations at panels sponsored yearly by the The Web page for THIRD WORLD ORGANIZATION Caucus. Each chapbook is available for $8 and brief FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE (TWOWS) carries basic descriptions may be found at the Caucus website: information about the group, its objectives and activities, http://www.swifty.com/lc/linktext/fem.htm

Mirinm Greenwnld

Feminist Collections vo1.19, no.2 Winter 1998 31 funding sources, and a contact address. Web address: http:// WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL grew out of a fall 1997 www.ictp.trieste.it/-twas/TWOWS.html intefnational online conference on Labour Women and the Internet (sponsored by SoliNet). The website offers links to WOMEN AND SLAVERY IN THE U.S. was the project related women's online resources and the plan is to use the of a Women's Studies class, which has left on its website the home pages as a gathering space for labor women and the fruits of its labor, including some biographical information email address (women'[email protected]) for on early Black feminists, description of African American women's comments and thoughts. Address: http:// women slaves and their families, and the stories of some www.buchanan.co.uWwomen former slaves who escaped to the North. Their website is at: http://www.blarg.net/-sunstadws200/slavery.htm The listing of WOMEN'S STUDIES PROGRAMS, DEPARTMENTS, AND RESEARCH CENTERS on Joan Two syllabi on WOMEN IN ANTIQUITY are available on Korenman's exceptional website has recently been updated the Web. From University of Colorado's Professor John to include annotations about graduate degrees, certificates, Gilbert is a course on women in ancient Greece: http:// emphases, etc. Note that the listing covers ONLY those www.Colorado.EDU/Classics/clas2100/and Professor John programs with websites. Check it out at: http:// Gruber-Miller at Cornell College offers a detailed course www.umbc.edu/wmst/programs.html outline including a number of related links: http://wwwacn. cornell-iowa.edu/-grubenniller/womensyl.htm WOMENZWOMEN describes its website as "a community by women, for women, about women." Some of its features, WOMEN IN JUDAISM: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY including a forum, are available only to registered members, JOURNAL, published only on the Internet, offers "a forum but anyone can browse the basics: a guided tour, a health for scholarly debate on gender-related issues in Judaism." section, arts and letters, humor, and bookstore via Amazon. Edited by Dina Eylon and Diane Kriger, the publication To check it out, go to: http://women2women.com/ comes from the University of Toronto. Among the articles in WORKING MOMS INTERNET REFUGE website says the first issue (Fall 1997): "Women in the Changing World clearly, "You're not alone!" then goes on to offer sugges- of the Kibbutz" (Michal Palgi); "Canadian Jewish Women tions for the "Morning Crunch" (how to help you and your and Their Experiences of Antisernitism and Sexism" (Nora kids avoid chaos and tears during the morning rush); career Gold); and "Marginal Discourse: Lesbianism in Jewish ideas (tax tips and networking possibilities, for example); Law" (Reena Zeidman). Several bibliographies are also part "Essential Indulgences" (how to relieve stress); and more. of the issue. Address is: http://www.utoronto.cdwjudaism/ See their site at: http://www.moms-refuge.com/ WOMEN OF NASA is an extraordinarily good resource for girls and young women interested in science and mathematics, offering profiles of women scientists (with photos), OTHER ELECTRONIC RESOIJRCES "day-in-the-life" descriptions, a great listing of resources and links, and a new project titled "Women of the World to The premiere issue of ASIALINK - ELECTRO?VIC NEWS- go along with Take Our Daughters to Work Day in April. LETTER carries several articles on women in India, Address: http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/intro.html including the Indian penal code as it relates to sexual orientation, a national workshop on lesbian, gay, and WOMEN'S CONNECTION ONLINE is an online news bisexual rights, the realities behind women's successes in service offering information in areas such as health and the field of development, and the unenlightened comments personal finance, with topical features each day of the week. of a keynote speaker at a seminar on the "Changing Role of We had trouble getting parts of the pages to load, but there Women Worldwide." For information, contact Jagdish seems to be good material there. http:// Pankh ([email protected]) or Peacenet (peacenet- www.womenconnect.com/ [email protected]). The WOMEN'S FEATURE SERVICE carries news features from some forty countries across the world, nearly Compiled by L.S. four hundred articles a year, with particular focus on developing nations. The entire news feed is available via paid email subscription in a weekly digest. Check their website for sample articles and subscription information. Address: http://www.igc.org/wfsl

32 Feminist Collections voL 19, 110.2 Winter 1998 AGING ture. Most contributors divide their men worked and men retired. Twenty- articles into sub-topics. Some, like plus years later, her concluding chapter 1 Jean M. Coyle, ed., HANDBOOK ON Elizabeth W. Markson's "Sagacious, of the Handbook still asks more WOMEN AND AGING. Westport, CT: Sinful, or Superfluous? The Social questions than research has yet Greenwood, 1997.504~.index. Construction of Older Women," take a answered. With these two fine refer- $89.50, ISBN 0-3 13-28857-7. chronological approach. Statistical ence works, however, researchers can information may be summarized only easily grasp what has been studied and Occasionally two reference works in the text, as in "Women Survivors: where gaps remain. appear in the same year on the same The Oldest Old," by Sally Bould and subject. The reviewer then pits one Charles F. Longino, Jr., or presented against the other - are they equally through charts and graphs, as Jan ALMANACS - CHILDREN'S strong in depth and breadth of cover- McCulloch's "Life Satisfaction and age? How up-to-date are they? Is one Older Women: Factor Structure Linda Schmittroth and Mary Reilly, better for a particular audience? Do Consistency Across Age Cohorts," eds., WOMEN'S ALMANAC. Detroit: either or both address diverse experi- which reviews use of the Life Satisfac- UXL, 1996. 3 vols. index. $85.00, ences of women from different comrnu- tion Index to examine older women's ISBN 0-7876-0656-1. nities or countries? In this instance, self-evaluations. All articles include two books on women and aging came bibliographic references to the studies There are fourteen girls for sure out in 1997. First to arrive in our office discussed. who will treasure Women 's Almanac. was Women & Aging: A Guide to the Listed by name in large letters on page Literature, by educator-librarian- A strength of both books is v, they are the members of Girl Scout activist Helen Rippier Wheeler, attention to women of diverse cultures. Troop #1399, "some of the leaders of published by Lynne Rienner and re- Wheeler lists many such citations in a tomorrow" to whom the set is dedi- viewed favorably in Feminist Collec- "Cross-Cultural and International cated. Other middle school girls and tions v.18, no.4 (Summer 1997) except Perspectives on Women's Aging" boys will llke it, too, when they need a for a five-year lag from date of last chapter and deals with other types of resource for a wide range of historical citation to publication. More recently differences (e.g., rural) as well. Coyle and contemporary topics. There are came Handbook on Women and Aging, devotes separate essays to Black, twenty-five chapters grouped in edited by a former professor of geron- Native American, Asian American, History (v. 1), Society (v.2) and Culture tology who now heads her own geron- Mexican American, and rural women. (v.3), and most have a running tological consulting fm. Happily for Coyle's Handbook offers an essay on narrative, plus sidebars, photographs, researchers in the field, although the suicide among older women, whereas charts, and other illustrations. Two two works cover many of the same Wheeler only points to one citation chapters are more almanac-like: an topics (relationships, health issues, from the subject index. On the other annotated list of women's organiza- single womanhood in later life, ageism hand, Wheeler cites fiction and poetry tions, and descriptions of women's l and sexism, retirement, media stereo- and provides a blueprint for finding landmarks around the United States. types of older women, etc.), they do so additional resources, both lacking in While information about Ameri- in complementary ways. Wheeler the Handbook. can women predominates, women's provides an annotated bibliography Both works chide researchers for experiences elsewhere are highlighted . arranged by topic, while Coyne has largely ignoring older women until by "Window on the World" sidebars assembled twenty-nine review essays recently. As Coyne recalls, when throughout. In addition, one chapter on the state of research and knowledge writing her 1976 dissertation on covers facts on women in various in the subject areas. women's attitudes towards retirement, countries, another looks specifically at Each essay is written by a scholar gender was rarely specified in the women in developing countries, and of aging or related fields, with no set gerontology literature, and the implicit the chapters on politics and writers formula imposed on the essay struc- presumption in most articles was that both have sections offering examples i

Feminist Collections vo1.19, 110.2 Winter 1998 33 beyond the United States. The informa- In the introduction, the author Moses," readers learn that "post-Jewish tion is current through the mid- 1990s explains some entries are abbreviated Christians saw Christ as the fulfillment (e.g, Shannon Faulker and the Citadel, due to the obscurity of the subject. The of the prophets and promises of the Old 1995; number of women competing in problem is that some topics, hardly Testament" (p.202). The author the Olympics, 1996; hardships for obscure, are so brief that facts become explains that Romanesque buildings women in the former East Germany falsified or distorted. Under the are Christian metaphors for Rabbinic post-reunification, etc.). The editors' heading African Art, we learn that in Judaism, then concludes with a list of commitment to multiculturalism is also 1905, when the Musee de l'homrne antisemitic symbols used to identify evident in the attention throughout to opened in Paris, Picasso "recognized Jews. We also learn the significance of African American and Native Ameri- the extraordinary nature and spiritual the Star of David is as a Christian can women. aesthetic of African art and initiated symbol, and that the swastika was "an Each volume repeats the table of its influence upon the development of ancient and widespread symbol" that contents, brief reader's guide (but why modem art" (p.5). Yet Picasso's Les "signified light, fertility, and good a picture of women covered head to toe Desmoiselles d 'Avignon, inspired by fortune" (p.35 1). No mention is made by Muslim garb to illustrate this sec- "primitive" African formalism, is of the Third Reich or racial bigotry. tion?), glossary, bibliography, and sub- about French prostitutes, not spiritual- As a Jewish woman and art ject index. Having the full index in ity. Describing the art of a continent as historian, I found this review extremely each volume means users do not have the incorporation of wood and "deco- difficult to write. My first impressions to second-guess whether, for example, rative embellishments of beads, shells, about the encyclopedia were so posi- the Equal Rights Amendment is in feathers, ivory, clay and metals" seems tive, I purchased my own copy. Only History or Society (there's actually particularly demeaning. after a more thorough reading did I material in both). Now, let's hope The lack of information on discover that the author's intent, pre- school librarians and teachers instruct Jewish Art practically negates its faced in the introduction and demon- students to use the index! existence. We are told: strated by the cover illustrations, was totally at odds with the undeniably Traditionally, Judaism has biased text. My hope is that this work ART supported the arts of poetry be read critically. Perhaps its real value and music, and downplayed will be as a lesson to students not to Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, ENCY- the visual arts according to the blindly trust the authority of a text, or CLOPEDIA OF WOMEN IN RELI- second commandment (Ex. rely on a single source for research and GIOUS ART. New York: Continuum, 20:2-3). However, archaeo- information. Kudos for this book 1997. 442p. bibl. ill. index. $44.50, logical excavations have should be withheld until it can be ISBN 0-8264-09 15-6. revealed that there was a rewritten. tradition of the visual arts with Every public library has reference pedagogical ceremonial Delia Gaze, ed., DICTIONARY OF books on Mythology and Christian purposes such as the frescos WOMEN ARTISTS. Chicago: Fitzroy iconography that contain an exhaustive found at Dura Europas. The Dearborn, 1997. 2 vols. 15 12p. index. amount of information on women. use of the term "Jewish art" bibl. $150.00, ISBN 1-884964-21-4. What makes this encyclopedia unique requires careful definition and is its attempt to reach beyond Euro- future study. (p.198) Minuscule print on the crowded centric studies into realms excluded pages of reference books is taken for from the traditional Western canon. This entry reinforces the misconcep- granted; eyestrain is an occupational Unfortunately, readers will discover a tion that Jewish art is an anomalous hazard of scholarship. However, the text that perpetuates stereotypes and relic of the past. The reader remains handsome format of the Dictionary of reinforces the marginalization of racial uninformed about the existence of Women Artists proves that a dictionary and religious minorities. The encyclo- Hebraic illuminated manuscripts, can be visually engaging as well as pedia does present a multitude of real ritual objects embroidered by women, comprehensive. Volume I contains and mythic women. An index of sub- and artists like Chagall, whose alphabetical and chronological lists of jects and fourteen appendices empha- paintings venerate Jewish women. artists plus an eighteen-page bibliogra- size the diversity of entries. Looking Sadly, no mention is made of the phy. This wealth of source materials is up "moon," for example, we find the artists of Terezin or paintings of the divided into eight sections, which names of twenty goddesses from Holocaust. include exhibition catalogs, periodi- Artemis to Tinit. Nonetheless, of the The entry for Judaism is, incredu- cals, resource centers, and even a list 101 illustrations, 89 represent Euro- lously, a discourse on Christian for Women Artists-on-Line. Readers pean subjects. iconography. After a few sentences can find everything from Ende to the describing "the prophetic ministry of email address for Guerrilla Girls.

34 Feminist Collections vo1.19, 110.2 Winter 1998 Eleven introductory surveys the battering it will get by constant ~iographiesinto four chapters, each precede the entries. Written by experts photocopying, but this dictionary with their own chronology, adds to the in the various fields, they each address deserves to be in every college library. I1 problem. the environment that enabled women has the potential of setting a new However, the essays at the begin- to learn and practice their art in a par- paradigm for art reference books. ning of each chapter are rich in con- ticular medium or era. The survey tent, thought-provoking, and enjoyable titles themselves convey the thorough- to read. The titles are Women Painters: ness and breadth of information pre- Elree I. Harris and Shirley R Scott, A Escape into Allegory, Exhibitions: sented: Women as Artists in the GALLERY OF HER OWN: AN Going Public, Models: The Tyranny of Middle Ages: The Dark is Light ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF the Ideal, and Criticism, Art Schools, Enough; Convents; Guilds and the WOMEN IN VICTORIAN PAINT- and Reviews: Integration and Commit- Open Market; Court Artists; Acad- ING. New York: Garland, 1997.392~. ment. Additional illustrations would emies of Art; Copyists; Printrnakers; ill. index. $68.00, ISBN 0-8153-0040- further energize the book, since this Amateur Artists; Training and 9. "gallery" has only three grainy black- Professionalism in the Nineteenth and and-white pictures. The titles of Twentieth Centuries; Woman Artists During the reign of Queen paintings included in the citations do and Modernism; and Women Artists Victoria, middle-class young women in help. and Feminism. Citations and an ex- Great Britain were taught basic Despite its indexing difficulties, tensive bibliography are included in drawing and painting skills as part of this book presents a new and lucid each text. their education. It has always been image of the Victorian artist, not only The six hundred entries span a assumed that when they married, these how she saw herself, but how she has geographic range from Europe to girlhood activities were put aside and been portrayed for the last hundred America and Australasia. Ceramicists, forgotten. A Gallery of Her Own pro- years. textile artists, goldsmiths, and amateur vides us with a treasure of sources that painters, all frequently ignored by prove many Victorian women, whether [Ellen Winson Meyer, writer of the reference works, are included as valued married or not, did not abandon their above three reviews, is Lecturer in Art artists of their time. The power and early lessons but went on to become History at Edgewood College in competency expressed in their work serious professional artists. This small Madison, Wisconsin.] can now be studied and appreciated. but dense bibliography lists 1,004 The entries provide the reader annotated primary and secondary with specific facts on each woman's sources, including monographs, pub- AUTOBIOGRAPHIES life and work. They contain a brief lished memoirs, exhibition catalogs, biography, lists of exhibitions, an journal reviews, and feminist criticism. Barbara Penny Kanner, WOMEN IN essay, and bibliography. Illustrations of While there are indices of artists' CONTEXT: TWO HUNDRED the artist's work are included in almost names and dates, an additional index YEARS OF BRITISH WOMEN every entry. These are large, extraordi- of subjects, general names, and authors AUTOBIOGRAPHERS: A REFER- nary black-and-white reproductions, would make this book simpler to use. ENCE GUIDE AND READER. New while pictures in most art reference A student will not be able to find a list York: G.K. Hall, 1997. 1,049~. books, if they exist at all, are thumb- of women active in the Pre-Raphaelite indexes. $75.00, ISBN 0-8 161-7346-x. nail size and almost indecipherable. Brotherhood unless she knows their Both the exceptional quality of these specific names. Discovering the The title phrase In Context reveals illustrations and the glossy, carefully identity of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's a significant dimension of this fine composed pages give this dictionary favorite model might also be impos- new reference book. Besides careful the appeal of a coffee-table book. sible unless the student knows she was bibliographic information for each of Generous expanses of space seem to married to William Morris and used more than a thousand published belie the enormous amount of cogent his last name. Because citations are autobiographies (including citation to information packed into the two listed chronologically, locating a book the page in a standard printed library volumes. by author or title requires knowing the catalog where the bibliographic record The price, heft, and expanse of name of an artist mentioned in the text may be verified), biographical facts material covered in this work make it or the date of publication. This search about the writer, and content features too unwieldy for most home libraries. would discourage most students and of the narrative, Kanner places the The book's only foreseeable problem is frustrate a researcher. Dividing the autobiography in a larger sociohis-

Feminist Collections vo1.19, 110.2 Winter 1998 35 torical setting. Her contextual remarks A true work of scholarship, The authors mention both Humm's take the form of discussing philosophi- Women in Context is a must for all book and The Feminist Dictionaly, by cal ideas (Annie Besant), important academic library collections and Cheris Kramarae and Pada A. events (Elizabeth Lichtenstein serious students of women's Treichler (Pandora, 1985) as broader in Johnson, Loyalist during the American narratives. scope than theirs, with consequent Revolution), or familial history shorter entries and loss of complexity (Margaret, Gladys, and Sylvia Brooke, of some of the more theoretical tenns. mother-in-law and two daughters-in- FEMINIST THEORY In my view, A Concise Glossaly and law in the ruling family of Sarawak). The Dictionaly of Feminist Theoly are The women were all born in the Sonya Anderrnahr, Terry Love11 and more similar to each other than their British Isles or Empire fiom the Carol Wolkowik, A CONCISE characterization would suggest. The eighteenth through the early twentieth GLOSSARY OF FEMINIST main difference is that Humm includes centuries, and, according to Kanner's THEORY. New York: Arnold; distr. entries for exponents of feminist excellent introduction, share one trait: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 287p. bibl. theory, such as Julia Kristeva and they all believed their lives were worth pap., $18.95, ISBN 0-340-59663-5. Laura Mulvey, whereas Anderrnahr et the trouble to record. Beyond that, they al. do not. In many cases Humm's are a diverse bunch. Kanner deliber- Not quite the "jht comprehensive entries are indeed shorter (Identity ately chose many unknown women guide to the theoretical concepts that Politics, described in a full page in the who have created a text for their lives, structure the diverse and complex Glossaly, is subsumed in one short as well as literary writers using auto- terrain of contemporary feminism" as paragraph within the Identity entry by biography as their art form. All classes touted on the cover - Maggie Humm's Humm), but some are longer. Goddess, are represented, including women who Dictionaly of Feminist Theoly (Ohio for example is about half a page in the lived abroad a good part of their lives University Press, 1990; 2nd ed. 1995) Dictionaly, with citations to several alongside those who never crossed the qualifies on that score - this is never- writers. Since there are unique entries Channel. Some were in professions or theless a useful work. It is a somewhat in each (e.g. Heteroglossia in the were activists in other endeavors; condensed version of A Glossaly of Glossaly and Voice in the Dictionaly), others looked inward for spiritual Feminist Theoly by the same authors and explanations in either that may be growth. Family is a topic covered in ($59.95, ISBN 0-340-59662-7, 351p.), more useful or clear to a particular almost all the books listed, with only carrying the terms "students will most user, I recommend both for academic half of one percent failing to mention often encounter," according to the pub- libraries and personal collections. their parents. Many of the women lisher's flyer. Entries range from two stayed single all their lives, and sentences, as in the entry for Goddess husbands and lovers tend to be at the ("The grassroots women's movement HEALTH periphery of the narratives. in second wave feminism has mani- Two indexes will help researchers fested widespread interest in a range of Frances R. Belmonte, WOMEN AND identify autobiographies based on rituals, beliefs, practices, mythical HEALTH: AN ANNOTATED BIBLI- themes of interest. The Identification religious and symbol systems that OGRAPHY. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Index lists "vocations, activities, might be claimed for women and for Press, 1997. 202p. indexes. $35.00, marital status, social class, political, feminism, under the broad head of ISBN 0-8108-3385-9. religious, and ethical belief systems; feminist SPIRITUALITY [Capitaliza- and other designations the authors... tion indicates an entry exists for this A casual reader may be surprised assigned themselves," while the subject term]. Feminist goddess worship to find The Gospel According to index includes key subject words and flourished within some forms of Women: Christianity S Creation of the phrases for concepts treated by the RADICAL FEMINISM) to about two Sex War in the. West, by Karen authors. An Author Index of Twenty- pages for such terms as Gender, Armstrong (Anchor, 1987), Alice Year Cohorts brings together works Ideology, Postmodernism, Structur- Kessler-Hams' Out to Work (Oxford, written about the same time. Secondary alism, Violence Against Women, etc. 1982), Cheris Krarnarae and Dale works about the better-known women Full citations to theorists mentioned Spender's The Knowledge Explosion: are mentioned at the end of entries, are found in an extensive bibliography Generations of Feminist Scholarship and a bibliography at the end of the at the end of the book. (Teachers' College Press, 1992), and book lists works on the nature of even Susan Faludi's Backlash: The autobiographical writing. Undeclared War Against American

36 Feminist Collections voL19, no.2 Winter 1998 Women (DoubledayIAnchor, 199 1) book in only one section, she offers women's access to the health care among the books described in the "companion" book suggestions in some system. Author, book title, and subject opening section of a bibliography on of the descriptions, and sometimes indexes complete the book. women and health. Yet anyone who places annotated chapters or essays of This is, altogether, a thoughtful, takes time to read the introduction will a work in sections other than that in selective bibliographic resource on the discover that the selections were care- which the full book appears. well-being of women. fully chosen by someone with a truly Following the opening section of holistic view of women's well-being, selected Descriptions of Women, the encompassing spiritual, psychological, remaining divisions of Women and JEWISH WOMEN ethical, and economic understandings, Health are Care Of Women, Care By as well as physiological functioning of Women, Self-Education and Self-help, Paula E. Hyrnan and Deborah Dash women's bodies, gynecological and Costs and Benefits, and Addictions. Moore, eds., JEWlSH WOMEN IN otherwise. In Belmonte's own words Each section begins with a two- to AMERICA: AN HISTORICAL (taken from her annotation for Judith four-page introduction of the issues ENCYCLOPEDLA. New York: Plaskow's Sex, Sin and Grace [Univer- under discussion. There are approxi- Routledge, 1997. 2 vols. index. sity Press of America, 1980]), her pur- mately three hundred entries in all. $250.00, ISBN 0-4 15-91936-3. pose is to point to works that explore Care By Women lists works on women "current notions of women's whole in the healing professions and "healing At long last, the important role health in the face of the still not totally partnerships" (a chapter in Barbara Jewish women have played in Ameri- changed normativity of maleness = Dossey's Spirituality and Health Care can history, women's history, and the humanness in theology, pastoral care, [University of New Mexico Press, feminist movement has been recog- medicine, and health care" (p.37). 19971). While the Dossey example nized. As other ethniclminority women Biographical information on Belmonte shows that Women and Health is quite have emerged from the shadows of explains her inclusion of theological current, I was surprised to find none of their male colleagues with such pub- works. An Associate Professor at the the recent books exploring the feminist lications as Notable Hispanic Ameri- Institute of Pastoral Studies, Loyola ethic of care in this section or else- can Women, Notable Black American University, Chicago, she is "a system- where in the book (e.g., Mary Jeanne Women,Afircan American Women: A atic and pastoral theologian with Larrabee, ed., An Ethic of Care: Biographical Dictionary, and Native expertise in spirituality, imagination, Feminist and Interdisciplinary Per- American Women: A Biographical and feminist concerns," who teaches spectives [Routledge, 19931, or Dictionary,' Jewish American women Medical Humanities to fourth year Explorations in Feminist Ethics: have remained largely unnamed and medical students and co-facilitates a Theory and Practice, ehted by Eve forgotten. There have certainly been a Health Care Ministries Integration Browning Cole and Susan Coultrap- number of publications about the lives Seminar for nursing, theology, and McQuin [Indiana University Press, of great Jewish women, but few are seminary students (p.203). Because she 19921. Costs and Benefits is a strong limited to American women and none sees interconnections among all the section covering poverty, wage have the scope and depth of Jewish topics covered, yet had to place each inequities, and other factors affecting Women in America. Joyce Antler's

Winter recent publication, The Journey Home: Fannia M. Cohn waves at her support- Archival Resources on the History of Jewish Women and the American ers as she stands behind a large sign Jewish Women in America, is an Century,l focuses on only fifty-two for the International Ladies Garment extensive, well-annotated listing of women, whose lives are described as Workers Union (p.255). There are books and articles from both journals part of the text and texture of Ameri- photographs of Emma Goldman, Carol and collected published essays, and a can history, not as biographies per se. Gilligan, Ernestine Rose, and Sophie guide to archives. This is the first It is an excellent text, but less compre- Tucker, to name a few. Each entry is attempt to identify archival collections hensive and focused differently than followed by bibliographic references strictly about Jewish American women. this work. that include listings of authors' works The second appendix, a Classified List Jewish women have shaped crit- and sources for further research. of Biographical Entries, identifies ical aspects of American culture and Gertrude Stein's entry, for example, individuals by occupation (actress, American Jewish life, (p.xxi) and these includes a selected listing of her work judge, etc.), and interests or ideological two volumes are testament to that fact. and a listing of biographical and tenets (communist, activist, philanthro- Jewish Women in America is an im- critical sources as well as the location pist). pressive collection of biographical of her archives. The discussion of Though expensive, this is one of accounts of 800 women with an addi- Theater is followed by a list of more the best reference resources to appear tional 110 essays on related topics. In than htyresources. The identifica- in recent years in women's studies. addition, there are numerous photo- tion and coverage of Jewish women is Extremely well-written, organized, and graphs and two very useful appendices. comprehensive. Try as I might, I displayed, these volumes should Defining who was eligible to be could think of no Jewish American certainly be in every collection that included in this work was a challenge. woman who was not covered. The supports women's studies research on The editors agreed to include not only encyclopedic topical essays are as an academic level and in large public women born and raised in the United important as the biographies, not only libraries as well. The editors and States, and women who emigrated and covering the major Jewish women's authors are to be commended for the were integrated into American culture, organizations and historical events, high quality of writing and research. but women who were born in the U.S. but also interpreting the role of Jewish but became important primarily out- women in American culture. Essay NOTES side this country. Golda Meir is the topics range from Haddasah and most prominent example of this cate- Pioneer Women to women Rabbis, the 1. Diane Telgen and Jim Kamp, eds., gory. Defining Jewish was more major denominations in American Hispanic American Women (Detroit: problematic. The traditional Jewish Judaism, summer camping, the peace Gale,1993; Jessie Carney Smith, ed., religious definition would include only movement, cookbooks, labor move- Notable Black American Women women born of Jewish mothers or who ment, Yiddish theater, assimilation, (Detroit: Gale, 1991); Dorothy C. converted to Judaism. A broader and civil rights movement, and fiction. Salem, ed., Ajhcan American Women: more liberal definition was used by the For those beginning research and for A Biographical Dictionary (New York: editors. Women who identified them- undergraduate students, these chapters Garland, 1993); Gretchen M. Bataille selves or were recognized as being are invaluable. Well-written and and Laurie Lisa, eds., Native American Jewish (even if later in life they con- researched, they bind the work of Women: A Biographical Dictionary verted to another religion) were in- Jewish American women into the (New York: Garland, 1993). cluded. Selection focused on the well- fabric of American life. The scope of known and influential. Because of the some of the essays is quite broad and 2. Joyce Antler, The Journey Home: historical focus of this work, women in one case seems to lessen the irnpor- Jewish Women and the American who have died or were more than sixty tance of Jewish women. I searched Century (New York: Free Press, 1997). years of age predominate. Fortunately, long and hard for an article on Jewish exceptions were made, giving recogni- women and the Suffrage Movement, [Ruth Dickrtein, writer of the review tion to the accomplishments of but could find none listed in the index above, is Social Sciences Librarian noteworthy younger women. or as a separate entry. I finally came and Women's Studies Specialist at the Entries range in length from one across references to it and women University of Arizona Main Library.] column of text to four and five pages involved in the movement in the essay for figures of great stature such as on Feminism, American. Most readers Henrietta Szold, Bella Abmg, Ruth would not find this, however, and Bader Ginsburg, and Hannah Arendt. would wrongly assume that Jewish The photographs liberally added women were not involved. throughout the text greatly enrich the The two appendices are an added presentations: Judy Chicago stands bonus to this work. The first, AMO- next to The Dinner Party (p.76), tated Bibliography and Guide to

38 Ferninirl Collections vol.19, 110.2 Winter 1998 SEXOLOGY cases countries were left out because influence of music on sexual values, no one could be found to write about HIVIAIDS, the concept of love, and Robert T. Francoeur, ed., THE them. sexuality of disabled persons. An INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPE- The resultant work covers thnty- additional summary chapter in the DL4 OF SEXUALITY. 3 vols. index. two countries, including the United forthcoming volumes would be $255.00, ISBN 0-8264-0841-9. States, United Kingdom, Japan, welcome. Bahrain, Thailand, Ghana, and others, Women's Studies students will Sexuality is such an important and two additional volumes on twenty find of particular interest the informa- feature of individual lives and societal more countries are in preparation. tion on courtship, dating, and marriage arrangements that it comes as a sur- Each chapter follows the same outline rituals, contraception and abortion prise that this is the first reference for ease of finding comparative infor- practices, and sexual harassment inci- work to address sexual attitudes, cus- mation. There are fourteen major cate- dence. In addition, many essays dis- toms, and statistics on a country-by- gories, such as "Sexuality, Knowledge, cuss the meaning of gender roles in country basis. Among the other and Education" and "Religious and those countries. sources, Suzanne G. Frayser's Studies Ethnic Factors Affecting Sexuality." in Human Sexuality: A Selected Guide Other sections cover heterosexual (2nd. ed., Libraries Unlimited, 1995) is behaviors, subdivided by age and , STATISTICS a subject-arranged, annotated bibliog- status, homosexual behaviors, uncon- raphy of sexology research, with a ventional sexual behaviors, contracep- Naomi Neft and AM D. Levine, section organized by region of the tion, sexually-transmitted diseases, and WHERE WOMEN STAND: AN world, and Human Sexuality: An sex counseling. Students interested in INTERNATIONAL REPORT ON Encyclopedia, ed. by Vern L. Bullough pursuing sexology degrees will find the THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN 140 and Bonnie Bullough (Garland, 1994) section on institutes and programs COUNTRIES: 1997-1998. New York: provides a topical approach to sexual- useful. Random House, 1997.534~.index. ity subjects, while A Research Guide to An arrangement by country is pap., $20.00, ISBN 0-679-78015-7. Human Sexuality, by Kara Ellynn logical because statistics that do exist Lictenberg (Garland, 1994) instructs are often collected in national surveys. Compiled from a variety of sta- readers how to find information on Yet this approach also presents some tistical sources, including United sexuality in a variety of library problems. For example, what about Nations' agencies and publications, the resources. countries that are not homogeneous? A World Bank, the Population Reference Perhaps an explanation for the category in the chapter outline preced- Bureau, the International Women's lack of any prior guide arranged by ing the conclusion and bibliography Tribune Centre, and several U.S. country is provided by the Foreword's requests information on "Aboriginals, governmental departments, Where litany of difficulties encountered by Important Ethnic, Racial, and/or Women Stand will be most welcome to sexologists from around the world who Religious Minorities," but it is applied librarians and individuals who have agreed to write chapters on their own inconsistently. Some chapters ignore insufficient time to plow through the countries. One "problem" was that this category (Argentina) or attempt a original sources. Its graphical presen- contributors had so much to say they mixture of macro and micro data tations (though only black-and- turned in book-length manuscripts. throughout (Canada). Others, such as white) and simple organization make it Others feared everything from inherent Brazil, use this section to describe the highly suitable for high school and biases as insiders examining their own practices of minority indigenous public libraries. societies, or as married heterosexuals peoples. Another problem with a Where women do stand is better commenting on sexual mores of the country-by-country approach is how to than in years past, yet as this compen- unmarried and homosexuals in their draw aggregate conclusions across dium illustrates time and again, many midst, to being males describing the many countries. A Comparison "global gender gaps" remain. More . attitudes of women (and vice versa), Facilitating Index in the third volume than seventy percent of the world's and for some, if their authorship were helps to some extent by providing page poor are women, in seventeen coun- made known, retribution from the numbers for each country essay where tries the average life expectancy of a repressive regimes in their countries. a topic is discussed. These topics are woman is less than fifty years, and The length of submissions, though more specific than the chapter outlines, worldwide, women hold fewer than six edited for inclusion, still necessitated a making it possible to look up subjects percent of top management positions. multi-volume work. However, in some such as attitudes towards nudity, the These facts come from the fust third of

Feminist Collections voLI9, no.2 Winter 1996 39 i 4I the book, which takes a topical ence works issued on a regular basis politician Irina Khakamada, British approach to issues including demo- that are llkely to be of assistance. All actress Sara Kestelman, and American graphics, literacyleducation, politics, surpass the success rate you are apt to linguistics professor Mary Ritchie Key. work force participation and other achieve either using general Who S Unfortunately, the latest copy we have work-related concerns, marriage and Whos (i.e., those covering both men in hand of The World Who 's Who of divorce, family planning, health, and and women) or fishing on the Internet. Women is the 1 lth ed., 1992193, with violence. These topics (except for vio- If the woman is American, your 7,500 entries, so I cannot accurately lence against women) are also pre- first choice, not surprisingly, should be comment on the current edition. sented later in the book in comparative the Marquis Who 's Who of American Unlike The International Who 's Who, statistical tables listing 140 countries Women. Although biographical infor- each edition of The World Who 's Who (all countries of the world with popu- mation is solicited widely from can- through the 1lth edition (and perhaps lations over 1 million). The bulk of the didates for inclusion, the editors say later), contains mostly new biogra- book comprises detailed country pro- that selection is based "solely on phies. According to the editor's fore- files for twenty-one countries, includ- reference value," defined as notewor- word to the 1lth edition, "only a few ing Argentina, Bangladesh, China, thy achievements or positions of entries are repeated ... and then only Israel, Philippines, South Africa, responsibility (Preface). With more because of additional achievements." Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the than twenty-nine thousand updated Through that edition, some 72,000 United States. Why those twenty-one and new entries, there are listings for women had been described. Since there were chosen and not others is not women from all walks of life. A sam- is no cumulative index (through the explained, but all continents and ple page includes a business educator, 1lth edition), however, it may be varying degrees of development are visual artist, dancer, city administrator, necessary to consult all the prior represented.- investment banker, retired advertising volumes before (one hopes) fmding the Where Women Stand also offers a executive, aquatic exercise video person in question. chronology of the women's movement, creator, public information coordina- glossary, bibliography, and subject tor, real estate agent, social worker, index. psychologist, educator, sexual harassment expert, interior designer, and research analyst. With three columns to a page and numerous abbreviations, WHO'S WHOS a magnifier helps decipher the entries. The arrangement of entries is alpha- THE INTERNATIONAL WHO'S betical by last name and there are no WHO OF WOMEN, 2nd ed. London: indexes. Who S Who of American Europa, 1997. 628p. index. $390.00, Women is also available within The ISBN 1-85743-027-1, ISSN 0965- Complete Marquis Who's Who on CD- 3775. ROM, which allows searching by elements other than name. WHO'S WHO OF AMERICAN American women are also in- WOMEN, 1997-1998. 20th ed. New cluded in The International Who's Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who, Who of Women and The World Who 's 1996. 1,201~.$249.00, ISBN 0-8379- Who of Women, but the usefulness of 0422-6, ISSN 0083-9841. these books comes more as biographical resources on women in other WORLD WHO'S WHO OF WOMEN, countries. The International Who 's 1996-97. 14th ed. Bristol, PA: Taylor Who has about 5,500 entries, arranged and Francis, 1997. 720p. $245.00, alphabetically, followed by an index by ISBN 0-948875-52-6. career. Women represented in the first edition (1993) were given the opportu- In case you are ever in need of nity to update their entries. Biographi- basic biographical facts on contempo- cal subjects on a sample page range rary women, it is good to remember from Masechele Khatketla, a teacher that there are several standard refer- and writer from Lesotho, to Russian

40 Feminist Collections vo1.19, 110.2 Winter 1998 WOMEN'S HISTORY bcumentation on working conditions .eceived idea that it is not desirable for for migrant agricultural workers), women to take, or possess any part of Mary Fiorenza and Michael Edmonds, women and reform movements he world. She shall taste of its oil and WOMEN'S HISTORY RESOURCES :temperance, antislaverylabolition, wine, but must not cultivate the plants. AT THE STATE HISTORIC' ruffrage, anti-war, and more), religion, She is to sit enshrined in some man's SOCIETY OF MSCONSAV. 5th ed., tilm, television, and theater subjects. leart, and partake of the good things new and expanded. Madison: The There is no index in Women 's here offered" (p.352). Frances E. W. Society (8 16 State Street, Madison, WI History Resources. This may be Harper, at the World's Congress of 53706); distr. University of Wisconsin intentional, to encourage users to read Representative Women held in Press, 1997 (800-829-9559). 139p. the first part and use the table of Zhicago in 1893, is more optimistic $12.95, ISBN 0-87020- 189-1. contents to find the most relevant and no less poetic: "As the saffron tints sections in the second part, or perhaps and crimson flushes of mom herald the The State Historical Society of the funds or time ran out before one :oming day, so the social and political Wisconsin is a destination for most could be generated. This will mildly advancement which woman has researchers on the trail of elusive annoy frequent users (like me) who already gained bears the promise of the material in North American history at want to quickly find a section that rising of the full-orbed sun of ernanci- some point in their careers. Graduate discusses a particular resource. The pation" (p.262). students in American women's history book has been eagerly awaited for so The book is divided into chrono- are no exception, and those fortunate long, however, - with many more logical chunks (Colonial, Revolution- to dissertate at the University of resources needing description since the ary WarIEarly United States, Pre and Wisconsin-Madison sometimes need 4th edition (1982) by James P. Danky, Post-Civil War), with thematic look nowhere else. Yet the holdings are et al. - that we're overwhelmingly groupings appropriate to each section. so vast - with only perhaps one-quarter thankful to Mary Fiorenza and The largest grouping (twenty-eight fully cataloged - that successful Michael Edmonds for getting it out in selections), not surprisingly, is for research there combines a good such a clear, organized, thorough "Suffrage and Other Essential Rights" working knowledge of how the place manner. in the Post-Civil War era. Others in works, contact with the librarians and this section document attitudes towards archivists who know it even better, Dawn Keetley and John Pettegrew, women in higher education and the educated hunches, and a bit of luck. eds., PUBLIC WOMEN, PUBLIC professions, the role of clubwomen, The usual problems of doing historical WORDS: A DOCUMENTARY and labor women. There is a good research on women (neglected in sub- HISTORY OF AMERICAN FEMI- multicultural mix, too. The needs of ject headings, subsumed within hus- NISM. VOL I: BEGINNINGS TO African American women are cited, band's papers, ignored in newspaper 1900. Madison, Wi: Madison House, from Susan B. Anthony's "Letter to the accounts, etc.) compound the situation. 1997. 377p. index. $37.95, ISBN 0- Colored Men's State Convention in Women S History Resources is a tre- 945612-45-1. Utica, New York (1868)" in the mendous help in understanding how Suffrage category (she urges them to the Society holdings are arranged and Soon to be joined by a second support voting rights for Black which areas are likely sources of infor- volume covering the twentieth century, women), and Fannie Barrier Williams' mation on women. The resource guide this collection provides sources for an "The Club Movement Among Colored interweaves useful published works, intellectual history of American femi- Women of America" ( 1900) in the such as Mary Ellen Huls' thorough nism, linking thought with action. Clubwomen category, to poems by United States Government Documents Volume one has more than 320 selec- Phillis Wheatley. The editors, scholars on Women, 1800-1990: A Comprehen- tions from a variety of genres - specializing respectively in gender sive Bibliography (2 vols., Greenwood, publications, trial transcripts, letters, factors in early American literature 1993), with comments about holdings speeches, and creative works. There and the history of masculinity in in the Society. are poems, such as Judith Sargent America, provide context by way of Women 's History Resources has Murray's "On the Equality of Sexes" introductions to each grouping. two parts. The fust provides an over- (1791), in which she laments the view There are several general docu- view of the collections in the Library, that women are inferior to men, mentary histories available today on Archives, Museum and Historic Sites closing with "Yet nature with equality American women, including The divisions of the Society. The second imparts, And noble passion, swell e'en Female Experience: An American and longer part offers strategies and female hearts" (p.62) - and even the Documentary, edited by Gerda Lemer sources for researching topical speeches and written works wax poetic. (Bobbs-Memll, 1977), Second to strengths of the Society collections, Anna Dickinson, for example, ex- None: A Documentary History of including home life, women at work pressed a similar thought in The American Women, ed. by Ruth Barnes (from first-person slave narratives to Agitator (1869): "...it is the commonly Moynihan, et al. (2 vols., University of

Feminist Collections voL19, no.2 Winter 1998 41 Nebraska, 1993), and Women's Voices: The first edition described WRITERS A Documentaly Histoly of Women in women's studies courses, programs, America, edited by Lone Jenkins research, and other activities in nine- Cecilia Beach, FRENCH WOMEN McElroy (UXL, 1997), as well as teen countries. Guide 11 ups the num- PLAYWRlGHTS OF THE TWENTI- works specific to a time period (Early ber of countries to thirty-two, adding ETH CENTURY: A CHECKLIST. American Women: A Documentary Bulgaria, Luxemburg, Romania, Westport, CTGreenwood, 1996. 5 15p. Histoly, edited by Nancy Woloch [2nd Russia, the Slovak Republic, Switzer- index. $65.00, ISBN 0-3132-91-756. ed., McGraw Hill, 19971, or facet of land, Turkey, three Baltic states, and life (American Working Women: A three from former Yugoslavia. Each This is a companion volume to the Documentary Histoly, 1600 to the report surveys the general characteris- author's French Women Playwrights Present, edited by Rosalyn Baxandall tics of genderlwomen's studies in that Before the Twentieth Centuly (Green- and Linda Gordon [rev. ed., Norton, country, current university-based pro- wood, 1994). Like its predecessor, the l.9951. While women's rights are grams and research, developments volume for the twentieth century is a featured in all these works, Public outside the university, and future comprehensive listing of playwrights Women, Public Wordr is the first to directions. Bibliographic references from France, including non-French focus exclusively on documenting and contact information round out the women who emigrated to France. The American feminism. It is recom- reports. book is arranged by author, including mended for high school, college, and In addition to the country reports, name variants, professions in addition public libraries. collaborative initiatives are also to playwrighting, birth and death dates. described. Inter-institutional coopera- Plays are listed in chronological order, tion among universities in the Euro- with performance information and WOMEN'S STUDIES pean Union has moved on from references to Parisian libraries or reliance primarily on its ERASMUS archives where the plays can be found Claudia Krops, ed., EUROPEAN program of student and teacher in published or manuscript form. WOMEN'S STUDIES GUIDE II. exchanges to SOCRATES. Beach cautions that the location of Utrecht, The Netherlands: WISE - SOCRATES retains the exchange books listed as held by the Bibliothtque Women's International Studies features of ERASMUS, under different Nationale or the Bibliothtque de Europe, 1997.214~.Free to WISE financial and administrative arrange- l'Arsenal (at the time of her research members. Available to others by ments, and adds initiatives in language the home of the performing arts transfering 35 Dutch Guilders (16 learning, school education, open and department of the Bibliothtque ECU) to WISE Dutch Postbank no. distance learning, and adult education. Nationale) may change with the 6364664, Amsterdam, The Nether- Other cooperative agreements involve opening of the new Bibliothtque de lands, using either international giro NOIQSE, the Network of Interdiscipli- France. The Checklist also includes an or Eurocheque. Price includes postage. nary Women's Studies in Europe, at index by play title. ISBN 90-801574-5-7. the University of Utrecht, which Unfortunately, as with the earlier features a Summer School in Women's volume, there is no indication which, if Coming only four years after the Studies, and DIOTIMA, a distance any, of the plays may be found in col- first edition, WISE Guide 11 is a learning venture based at Lillehammer lections outside France or in English sizable revision and expansion. In the College, Norway, that thus far has translation. Nevertheless, it will be an interim this organization, founded in created a European comparative course invaluable resource for anyone needing 1990 for individuals and institutions on gender and politics. to verify information on works by involved in women's studies, has had Women's studies in Europe is French women playwrights or looking several accomplishments. There are healthy and growing. Scholars and for such works to perform. now some seven hundred members students interested in following and national contacts in almost every developments there, networking with Reviewed by Phyllis Holman European country. WISE launched The counterparts, or visiting in person will Weisbard, except where noted. European Journal of Women's Studies find this edition of European Women 's (1994) and published The WISE Guide Studies Guide a major asset. to Fundraising: Women 's Studies Research and the European Union (1997). Recently WISE has been advocating inclusion of the role of women's studies in the Fifth Frame- work Programme of the European Commission.

42 Feminist Collections voL19, 110.2 Winter 1998 New and Newly Discovered IEWISH WOMEN'S RESOURCE CENTER NEWS- LETTER 1997-. Eds.: Committee. 21yr. $36 (member- Periodicals ship). National Council of Jewish Women New York Section, Jewish Women's Resource Center, 9 East 69th St., ATHENA! 1995?- . Ed./Publ.: Barbara G. Sweatt. 6Iyr. New York, NY 10021; email: [email protected] $10. P.O. Box 1171, New Market, VA 22844. (Issue [Issues examined: No. 1, Spring/Summer 1997; No.2, FalY examined: v.3, no.2, November 1997) Winter 1997) Subtitled "The Anthology for Women Veterans and The four pages of this twice-yearly newsletter offer Their Friends," this eight-page newsletter offers brief news of the Center's activities and, most notably, biblio- memoirs or "war stories" by women vets, their families and graphic information and brief annotations on the new friends. Articles in this issue reflect on various women's acquisitions of the Center's library as well as on recent experiences of the dedication of the Women in Military publications of the Resource Center. The Falll'inter 1997 Service for America Memorial, Oct. 18, 1997, Washington, issue includes lengthier pieces on a collection of modem DC. naming ceremonies for girls, some interesting questions handled by the library, and an interview with longtime GENDER EQUALITY NORDIC NEWS 1997- . Eds.: Jewish feminist Ellen Hen. Marianne LaxCn, Susanna Inkinen, Anu Tollci. 4/yr.? ISSN 1396-6936. Nordic Council of Ministers, Store LINK IN TO GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 1997?- . Strandstraede 18, DK - 1255 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: Editor: Daniel Woolford. Subscriptions: Free. Gender and [email protected]. (Issues examined: v. 1, nos. 1 and 2, January Youth Affairs Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, and February, 1997) Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW 1Y 5HX, Within its four brief pages, this newsletter reports on Britain., email: [email protected]. (Issue examined: the progress toward gender equality on a variety of fronts in No.2, Summer 1997) the Nordic and Baltic countries. Topics include violence Growing out of the Plan of Action developed at the 4th toward women, men staying at home, a Finnish action plan World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, this issue for gender equality, the social standing of immigrant women includes reporting on the actions of various Commonwealth in Iceland, men's parental leave in Denmark, and a center nations in implementing the Commonwealth Plan of for gender equality in Norway. A calendar of related events Action; Gender Management Systems approach; gender and and paragraph-length reports on other news occupy the back macroeconomic po1icy;"Engendering Political Decision- pages. Making"; "Gender, Politics, Conflict Prevention and Reso- lution"; and "Women's Rights as Human Rights," among IN THE FAMILY 1995- . Ed.-in-chief: Laura M. other topics. Markowitz. 41yr. $22 ($26 outside U.S.). Single copy: $5.50; $6.50 outside U.S. ISSN 1083-4095. Family Maga- MICHIGAN FEMINIST STUDIES 1987- . Ed.: Graduate zine, Inc., 7302 Hilton Ave., Takoma Park, MD 20912. students. llyr. $5 (indiv.); $12 (inst.). ISSN 1055-856X. (Issue examined: v.3, no.1, July 1997) Program in Women's Studies, University of Michigan, 234 Within the slightly slick twenty-eight pages of the West Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1092. (Issue examined: sample issue we received are feature articles on money No. 11, 1996-97) matters for same-sex couples, the cost of therapy, and the Interested in "writings of a political, speculative, and issue of class in the queer movement. Regular columns critical nature that advance feminist theory and analysis" include "Out There" news items, an advice column, one on (p.i), this annual publication centers its 140-page Issue 11 therapy issues, and book reviews. Excerpts from a photo on gender and health. Among the articles: "The Racial essay on "Love Makes a Family" depict a variety of same- Model of Genetic Illness Identity: Breast Cancer Research sex couples with their children. and Black Women" (Deborah R. Grayson); "Smoke and the 'F' Word: Women and Health" (Carol J. Boyd); and "Misreading the Power Structure: Liberal Feminists' Inability to Influence Childbirth" (Elizabeth A. Bogdan- Lovis).

Feminist Collections voLl9, na2 Wirtter I998 43 NESHAMA 1989?- . Ed.: Marthajoy Aft. 4/yr. $18; $23 WOMEN IN JUDAISM: A MUL TIDISCIPLIlUR Y outside U.S. ISSN 1058-3432. P.O. Box 545, Brookline, JOURNAL 1998- . [A new online joumal; please see the MA 02 146. (Issues examined: v.9, nos. 1 and 2, Spring and Websites section of "Computer Talk," pp.3 1-32.] Summer 1997) "Encouraging the exploration of women's spirituality in Judaism," says the subtitle of this quarterly. Included in the sample issues are interviews, book reviews, poetry, and a Special Issues of Periodicals variety of articles such as "Another One of Those 'Shabbat in Jerusalem' Stories" (Binah Schor); "To Hear the Sound of COMPUTERS AND COMPOSITION v. 14, no.2, 1997: the Shofar" (Janet Zimmern); "Wrapped in the Light of "Body, Identity, and Access: Diversity and Networked God" (Andrea Foster on prayer shawls); and "The Vital Environments." Guest eds: Margaret M. Barber et al. Fluid of Life" (Miriam F. dlAmato, on the blood of men- Subscriptions: $45 (indiv.); $65 (foreign surface); $85 struation, pin-pricks, and life). (foreign air); $85 (inst.); $105 (foreign surface, inst.); $125 (foreign air, inst.). ISSN 8755-4615. Subscription Dept., NEWS FROM NIKK 1996- . Ed.: Fride Eeg-Henriksen. 41 P.O. Box 5297, Greenwich, CT 0683 1-0504. yr. Nordic Institute for Women's Studies and Gender Though not focused solely on gender, this special issue Research, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1156 Blindern, N- has some interesting articles, including: "The Invisible 03 17 Oslo, Norway; email: [email protected] (Issue Audience and the Disembodied Voice: Online Teaching and examined: No.2, December 1997) the Loss of Body Image" (Joanne Buckley); "Cyberbabes: This nineteen-page publication features news from (Self-) Representation of Women and the Virtual Male various universities in the Nordic and Baltic countries, Gaze" (Laura L. Sullivan); "Out There on the Web: Peda- reports from WISE (Women's International Studies Europe) gogy and Identity in the Face of Opposition" (Scott Lloyd and AOIFE (Association of Institutions for Feminist DeWitt); "The Clash of Social Categories: Egalitarianism in Education and Research in Europe), news from a post- Networked Writing Classrooms?'(Joanna Castner); and graduate course on sexual issues and a European Comrnis- "African American Women Instructors: In a Net" (Elaine B. sion research project on media portrayals of women, calls Richardson). for papers, an extensive calendar, and contact addresses from organizations of interest to feminist scholars. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT, & TRAUMA v. 1, no. 1, 1997: "Violence and Sexual Abuse at RELUCTANT HERO 1997- . Ed.: Sharlene Azam. 41yr. Home: Current Issues in Spousal Battering and Child $19.26. 189 Lonsmount Dr., Toronto, Ontario M5P 2Y76, Maltreatment." Eds.: Robert Geffner et al. Subscriptions: Canada; email: [email protected]; website: http:// $48 (indiv.); $105 (inst.); $125 (1ibr.lsubsc. agency). ISSN reluctanthero.ets.net (Issue examined: v. 1, no.4, Winter 1092-6771. Haworth Press, 10 Alice St., Binghamton, NY 1997) 13904-1580. This Canadian magazine is written by and for girls Partial contents (of 354-page issue): "Family Violence: thirteen to seventeen. Sections on "Life," "The Scene," Current Issues, Interventions, and Research" (Robert "Fiction," "Poetry," "Music," and many more offer stories, Gefmer); "Therapist Ethical Responsibilities for Spousal advice, questions, reviews, opinion, and information. Abuse Cases" (Nancyann N. Cervantes, Marsali Hansen); Among the topics in this interesting issue: sex education, "Research Concerning Wife Abuse: Implications for Phy- cutting a record, gender and science, anorexia, 'zines, sician Training" (L. Kevin Hamberger); "Battered Women: sexual harassment, yoga, peer mediation, and snow- A Historical Research Review and Some Common Myths" boarding. (Mildred Daley Pagelow); "Female Offenders in Domestic Violence: A Look at Actions in Their Context" (L. Kevin WEDLINE 1990?- . Ed./publisher: Cecilia Kinuthia- Hamberger); and "Research Concerning Chlldren of Bat- Njenga. Environment Liaison Centre International, P.O. tered Women: Clinical Implications" (Honore M. Hughes). Box 72461, Nairobi, Kenya; email: ckinuthia@elci. sasa.unon.org (Issue examined: No.819, 1997) ORBIT v.28, no. 1, 1997: "Gender and Schooling." Guest "Highlights of the Africa Post-Beijing Meeting on eds.: Paula Bourne et al. Subscriptions: $38.52 (incl. 7% Strategies and Priorities for Action" opens this issue of the GST). ISSN 0030-4433-0 1. P.O. Box 10, Station F, "ELCI Newsletter on Women, Environment and Sustainable Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 2L4, Canada. Development." Other pieces included are "A Mid-Process Partial contents: "Must Girl-Friendly Schools Be Girls- Report on Japan's New National Plan for Women," a report Only Schools?" (Heather-jane Robertson); "Changing Sex on a tree-planting project in Kenya, "An Original Produc- Education" (Helen Jefferson Lenskyj); "From Body Image to tion System by a Women's Group in Senegal" on an agri- Body Equity" (Vanessa Russell, Carla Rice); "Gender Equity cultural project, and a strategy for the organization to the Issues and Minority Students" (Goli Rezai Rashti); "Chang- year 2,000.

44 Feminut Collections vd19, no.2 Winter I998 ing Women and Changing Mathematics" (Pat Rogers); Transitions "Encouraging Bright Girls to Keep Shining" (Dona J. Matthews, Elizabeth M. Smyth); and "The Inclusive The new editors of HYPATIA are Nancy Tuana of the Cumculum Project: Towards Equity in Education" (Jane University of Oregon and Laura Shrage of California State Thomas). Polytechnic University, Pomona. Editorial offices will move to Universit): of Oregon this spring, with the new editors LITERATUWFILM QUARTERLY v.24, no.1, 1996: beginning in July, 1998. (NWSAction Fall 1997, p.9) "Race and Gender." Ed.: James M. Welsh. Subscriptions: $16 (indiv., U.S., Canada, Mexico); $36 (inst., U.S., WE is the new name for WOMEN & ENVIRONMENTS, Canada, Mexico, & elsewhere, surface); $42 (elsewhere, originally founded in 1976. The first issue under the new air). Single copy: $6 (indiv.); $10 (inst. & elsewhere). ISSN name is a double issue, No.42143, focusing on 0090-4260. Business Manager, Literature/Film Quarterly, "WomanTech." Address: 736 Bathurst St., Toronto, Salisbury State University, Salisbury, MD 21 801. Ontario, Canada M5S 2R4, Canada: email: [email protected]; Partial contents: "Civil Rights and The Black Presence website: www.web.net/-weed in Baby Doll" (Philip C. Kolin); "The Return of the Father in Spielberg's The Color Purple" (Carol M. Dole); "Woman - The Image of the "Other" in Israeli Society [Atalia]" (Nurith Gertz); "Psycho's Allegory of Seeing" (Christopher Ceased Publication Moms); "Driving Dr. Ford [House of Games]" (Marina deBellagente Lapalma); and "Despair Not, Neither to IOWA WOMAN v.1, no.1, Jan./Feb. 1980 - v.16, nos.112, Presume: The French Lieutenant's Woman: A Screenplay" Fall 1997. Ed.: Marianne Abel. P.O. Box 680, Iowa City, (Stephanie Tucker). IA 52244. (Editorial in last issue)

WORLD DEVELOPMENT v.25, no.8, August 1997: MATRICES: A LESBIAN AND LESBIAN-FEMINIST Special section on "Gender and Property Rights." Ed.: Janet RESEARCH AND NETWORK NE WSLETTER v.1, no.1- L. Craswell. Subscriptions: NLG 1869.00 (inst., Europe, 2, FalllWinter 1977-78 - v.12, no.1, Spring 1996. Ed.: CIS, Japan); US$1154.00 (inst., elsewhere). Elsevier Jacquelyn N. Zita. Address: 492 Ford Hall, Univ. of Science Customer Support Dept., P.O. Box 945, New York, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. (Response to claim NY 10010; email: [email protected] letter 1/28/98) Contents: "Gender and Property Rights: Overview" and "Gender, Property Rights, and Natural Resources" (R.S. Compiled by Linda Shult Meinzen-Dick, et al.) "Impact of Privatization on Gender and Property Rights in Africa" (Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel); "Water: From Basic Need to Commodity: A Discussion on Gender and Water Rights in the Context of Irrigation" (Margreet Z. Zwarteveen); and "Women, Men and Trees: Gender, Power and Property in Forest and Agrarian Land- scapes" (Dianne Rocheleau, David Edmunds).

Feminist CoUections voL 19, na2 Winter 1998 45 FROM AUSTEN TO WOOLF: A ordering information, contact: Human Published jointly by Feminist Press at SELECTION OF BRITISH & Rights Watch, 350 Fifth Ave., 34th The City University of New York AMERICAN LITERATURE Floor New York, NY 10 118-3299 or (CUNY), Towson University's EMPHASIZING JANE AUSTEN, order online, via http://www2.viaweb. Women's Studies Program, and the SARAH ORNE JEWETT & VIR- com/hrwpubs/mex.html National Center for Curriculum GINIA WOOLF, TOGETHER Transformation Resources on Women WITH THE BLOOMSBURY THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN is ELAINE HEDGES: A TRIBUTE GROUP & THE HOGARTH PRESS YOUR STATE examines the eco- (Up.). Containing tributes from catalog has been produced by nomic status of women in California, family, friends, and colleagues, this Richardson Books LTD, Exeter, NH. District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, book is intended to remind people of To order Catalog No.34, contact: Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New Elaine's editing of The Yellow Wall- Peggy and Jon Richardson at 603-772- Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Paper in 1973 and includes excerpts 7993 or P.O. Box 910, Exeter, NH Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Wash- from her own work as well as a biblio- 03833. ington in 14 separate reports. Each graphy. The price is $1. Extra copies state report costs $10. Order from the cost SOeach. To order, send a self- Two publications are available for loan Institute for Women's Policy Research, addressed manila envelope to The from the Vocational Equity Resource 1400 20th Street, NW, Washington, Feminist Press at CUNY, City College, Center. NONTRADITIONAL DC 20036. Phone: 202-785-5 100; fax: Wingate Hall, Convent Ave. at 138th EMPLOYMENT FOR WOMEN: 202-833-4362. Street, New York, NY 10031. Phone: TOOL KIT FOR JOB CENTERS 212-650-8890; fax: 212-650-8893. (145p.) by Kit Strykowski and Nancy Published by the Centre for Women's Hoffman, based on Waukesha County Studies, Ontario Institute for Studies GENDER JUSTICE: WOMEN'S Technical College Project NEW Start, in Education, is GIRLS AND RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS: A identifies strategies that would suc- SCHOOLING: THEIR OWN STUDY AND ACTION GUIDE ON cessfully integrate nontraditional expo- CRITIQUE (4 lp.) by Dorothy Smith INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S sure, training, and placement activities et al., on sex discrimination in edu- RIGHTS includes models of women's into Job Center functions. Also, cation. Cost: $5.00 Canadian, plus rights programs, excerpts from U.N. START SMART: A CURRICULUM $2.00 postage. To order, contact: women's rights documents, the Plat- THAT PREPARES WOMEN FOR Centre for Women's Studies, Ontario form for Action's critical areas of con- NONTRADITIONAL CAREERS by Institute for Studies in Education, cern, activities and ideas for action, Mary Jo Coffee (250p.) encourages University of Toronto, 252 Bloor St. and a list of publications and organiza- goal-directed behavior and nontradi- West, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6 tion addresses. The Gender Justice tional careers. To borrow, contact: Canada. Curriculum costs $15. The video costs Center on Education and Work, 964 $20; rental is $10. Send check payable Educational Sciences Building, 1025 A DIRECTORY OF PACIFIC to Unitarian Universalist Service West Johnson St., Madison, WI WOMEN lists significant resource Committee (WSC) to: Operations, 53706. Phone: 608-263-4779; fax: centers on women's development in WSC, 130 Prospect St., Cambridge, 608-262-3050. the Pacific region and on skilled MA 02139-1 845. Phone: 617-868- women in the area. Part of the South 6600, ext. 226; fax: 61 7-868-7 102; Published by Human Rights Watch, Pacific Commission's attempt to email: [email protected]; website: NO GUARANTEES: SEX DIS- mainstream women's causes in all www.uusc.org CRIMINATION IN MEXICO'S development agenda, the directory is MAQUILADORA SECTOR (58p.) accessed from the Web page of the To order REFUGEE AND INTER- acknowledges discrimination against Pacific Women's Resource Bureau at: NALLY DISPLACED WOMEN: A women workers despite the Mexican http:Nwww.spc.org.nc/women/ DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE government's legal responsibility to womenpub.html. For a copy, write: (44p.) contact Roberta Cohen, Refugee protect them. Women in Maquiladora Debbie Singh, Information Officer for Policy Group, 1424 16th St., NW, Ste. factories are forced to undergo preg- PWRBISPC, fax: 687-263-8 18; email: 401, Washington, DC 20036. nancy testing as a condition of employ- [email protected] ment and denied work if pregnant. For

46 Feminbt Collections voL19,no.Z Winter 1998 The New York City Commission on includes information from twelve WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS AND the Status of Women has published the national women's organizations !SCIENCE reviews The Condition of fifth edition of WOMEN'S ORGANI- detailing what conditions might Education, 1997, published by the ZATIONS: A NEW YORK CITY facilitate or hinder inclusion and National Center for Education Statis- DIRECTORY. This 1997-98 anno- diversity in their organizations. The tics. This 30-page booklet examines tated directory of women's advocacy, price is $10 (postage included; 20 mathematics and science attitudes, business, and professional groups in percent discount for 10 or more achievements, and career expectations New York City can be ordered by copies). Edited by Barbara Cottrell et of men and women students, as well as calling 212-788-2738. al. is RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS: gender differences in employment and A FEMINIST APPROACH TO earnings. Contact: The National THE 1996-97 NATIONAL FAC- COMMUNITIES AND UNIVERSI- Library of Education at 800-424-1616 ULTY SALARY SURVEY BY DIS TIES WORKING TOGETHER, a or access the report at http://www.ed. CIPLINE AND RANK AT FOUR- report examining why research gov/NCES YEAR PUBLIC COLLEGES AND partnerships between universities and UNIVERSITIES, produced by The communities succeed or fail. Cost is LIVING THE LEGACY: College and University Personnel $10 (postage included: 20 percent WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT Association, includes salary informa- discount for 10 or more copies). THE 1848-1998 from The National tion for more that l l 1,000 faculty EXCLUSION OF SURVIVORS' Women's History Project is a collection members at some 357 public institu- VOICES IN FEMINIST DIS of materials to help celebrate National tions. A similar swey covers private COURSE ON VIOLENCE Women's History Month. Living the institutions. Order from, CUPA, 1233 AGAINST WOMEN by Bonita Legacy Program Planning Guide is 20th St., NW, Washington, DC 20036; Lawrence argues that a lack of empha- designed to help readers start their phone: 202-429-03 11, ext. 395; fax: sis on healing within the shelter own programs or events to celebrate 202-429-0 149. community and in feminist discourse the 150th Anniversary of the Women's alienates survivors. The price is $8 Rights Movement. Readers can choose Five publications from the Canadian (plus $2 postage). Contact CRIAW, from workplace, community, or school- Research Institute for the Advance- 408-151 Slater St., Ottawa, ON KIP based program ideas. The price is ment of Women (CFUAW) may be of 5H3, Canada. Phone: 61 3-563-068 1; $6.50. Living the Legacy commemora- interest to readers. MEMORIES fax: 613-563-0682. (All prices in tive poster features historical and AND VISIONS: CELEBRATING 20 Canadian dollars.) contemporary photos of the Women's YEARS OF FEMINIST RE- Rights Movement. Cost: $6.95. SEARCH WITH CRIAWIICREF, GRADUATE WOMEN'S STUDIES: Living the Legacy Gazette (grades 7- 1976-1996 asks researchers from VISIONS AND REALITIES, pub- adult) is a 20-page brief history of the diverse backgrounds to write about lished by Inanna Publications and Women's Movement, including photos, their research experiences and what Education and edited by Ann B. Shteir, timelines, biographies, resources, the future holds for feminist research. questions disciplinarity and inter- essays, and quotable quotes to share Cost $20 ($15 for members) plus $2 disciplinarity and action-oriented with a class or use as an organizing postage. FEMINIST RESEARCH research, and explores issues in cur- tool for discussion. The price is $1.00; ETHICS: A PROCESS (2nd edition) riculum development, program deve- 25 for $10.00. Living the Legacy incorporates comments on the 1st lopment, and professional development Speech (grades 9- adult, $7.50) offers a edition and provides ethical guidelines for students. Articles are from North 20-minute speech to present at your as a framework for conducting re- America and abroad. The price is celebration. A $50 "foolproof, one- search respecfil to all women. The $12.79. Contact: Canadian Woman hour program kit" includes the speech, price is $10 (postage included; 20 Studies, 2 12 Founders College, York poster, program ideas, plus video, percent discount for ordering 10 or University, 4700 Keele St., North York balloons, stickers, bookmarks,and more copies). LOOKING FOR ON M3J 1P3. Phone: 416-736-5356; resource list. To order, contact: CHANGE: A DOCUMENTATION fax: 416-736-5765; email: cwscf@ National Women's History Project, OF NATIONAL WOMEN'S ORGA- yorku.ca; website: http://www.yorku. 7738 Bell Road, Windsor, CA 95492- NIZATIONS WORKING TO- ca~org/cwscfihome.html 8518. Phone: 707-838-6000; fax: 707- WARDS INCLUSION AND DIVER- 838-0478; email: [email protected] SITY by Lulama Tobo-Gillespie et al.

Feminist Collections voL19, na2 Winter 1998 47 C.C. Kohler, antiquarian bookseller, Michigan State University's WOMEN sionals in Kenya and Nigeria (#255), has compiled Catalog 692, GENDER AND INTERNATIONAL DEVEL- Gender Themes in Civil Society: STUDIES, listing titles mostly on OPMENT PROGRAM has produced Illustrations from South Africa (#256), women in the 20th century and 12 "WORKING PAPERS" booklets. Women and Large-scale Electricity ranging from Keir Hardie's "lie Titles include: Women's Health Status Development (#257). To order, write Citizenship of Women. A Plea for Differentials in China (#258), Repro- to the WID Program, 202 International Women S Supage ( 1906) to the ductive Imperialism: Population and Center, Michigan State University, East present day. Topics include: women's Labor Control of Underdeveloped Lansing, MI 48824- 1035. health, education, literature, biogra- World Women (#259), Nation Under phy, sex, women and war, women and Siege, Bodies Under Siege: Security as Contrary to "Items" in our previous work, queer studies, and more. a Gendered Category in Hungarian issue (v. 19, no. 1), the Center on Contact: C.C. Kohler, Antiquarian National Identity (#260), Maya Market Education and Work is no longer Bookseller, 12 Horsham Road, Women's Sales Strategies in a Station- carrying WOMEN IN HIGHER Dorking, Surrey RH4 2JL, England; ary Artesania Market and Responses WAGE OCCUPATIONS. Also, email: [email protected]. to Changing Gender Relations in EXPLORING NEW WORLDS: A co.uk; phone: 0 1306-88 1532; fax: Highland Chiapas, Mexico (#261), WORKBOOK ON TRADES AND 01306-742438. Routine Herbal Treatment for Preg- TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN has nant Women, Neonates, and Postpar- been substituted for STARGAZERS: THE MISSION: COLONIAL tum Care among the Mahafaly of WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND HIGH DISCOURSE ON GENDER AND Southwest Madagascar (#25 l), TECHNOLOGY CAREERS. THE POLITICS OF BURMA (1 8p.) Redefining Gender Relations: A This workbook encourages teens and by Lwyn Tinzar is a working paper Comparison of Two Rural Women's women to explore interesting careers in from the Research School of Pacific & Organizations in Mexico and Brazil high technology areas and sciences. Asian Studies, Australian National (#252), Feminists Re-reading the Included is a teachedfacilitator section University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Amazon: Anthropological Adventures and bibliography. Cost: $15. To order Coverage includes women in politics, into the Realm of Sex and Violence or to request a catalog of Center sex roles and national liberation (#253), Gender Patriarchy and publications, call: 800-446-0399 (U.S. movements in Burma. Development in Africa: The Zirnbab- & Canada); 95-800-446-0399 wean Case (#254), Gender, Age, and (Mexico); email: cewrnail@ Reciprocity: Case Studies of Profes- soemadison.wisc.edu

Compiled by Christina Stross

.: Core Lists in Women 's Studies . . Thirty-one Core Lists in Women's Studies 1998 are ready for use on our website (http:l/ . . www.library.wisc.eduflibraries/W0me11~Studied~0re/~0remain.htm).These lists are meant to assist . women's studies librarians and collection development librarians in building women's studies collections. . . Because the books on each list are currently in print, they can also guide teaching faculty in selecting . w available course readings. Each list includes twenty to fifty titles, with the most important five or ten . titles starred, and lists are updated each January. Focus is on women in the United States. The lists are : compiled by the Women's Studies Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries, with . . Megan Adam and Bernice Redfem as general editors. . . New this year is the list on HIV & AIDS, and among the other titles are those on Aging, Feminist : Pedagogy, International Politics, Lesbian Studies, Management, Reference Works, Science, U.S. rn . Women's History, and Women of Color. Single print copies are available at no charge to those without . . Web access. Request from our office at 430 Memorial Library, 728 State St., Madison, WI 53706; ...... email: [email protected] .

48 Feminisi Colledions voLl9.na2 Winter 1998 ABORTION POLITICS: PUBLIC DAMN FINE ART BY NEW LESBIAN Cohen, Daniel A., ed. University of POLICY IN CROSS-CULTURA L ARTISTS. Smyth, Cherry. Cassell, 1996. Massachusetts Press, 1997. PERSPECTIVE. Githens, Marianne & DANCING FEMALE: LIVES AND THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE. Friedan, McBride Stetson, Dorothy, eds. Routledge, lSSUES OF WOMEN IN CONTEMPO- Betty. Norton, 1997.3rd ed. 1996. RARY DANCE. Friedler, Sharon E. & FEMINIST APPROACHES TO BIOET- THE ABORTION RESOURCE HAND- Glazer, Susan B., eds. Hanvood Academic HICS: THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS BOOK. Kaufmann, K. FiresidelSimon & Publishers, 1997. (Address: Rijswijkstraat AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, Schuster, 1997. 175, 1062 EV Amsterdam, The Nether- Tong, Rosemarie. Westview Press, 1997. ADVANCES IN GENDER RESEARCH. lands) FILIPINO PEASANT WOMEN: Demos, Vasilikie & Segal, Marcia Texler, DAUGHTERS OF SATURN: FROM EXPLOITATION AND RESISTANCE. eds. JAI Press, 1997. FATHER'S DAUGHTER TO CREATIVE Lindio-McGovem, Ligaya. University of ALMOST AMERICANS: A QUEST FOR WOMAN. Reis, Patricia. Continuum, Pennsylvania Press, 1997. DIGNITY. McReynolds, Patricia 1997. FILM FATALES: INDEPENDENT Justiniani. Red Crane, 1997. DEAR SIR OR MADAM: THE AUTOBI- WOMEN DIRECTORS. Redding. Judith THE BABA AND THE COMRADE: OGRAPHY OF A FEMALE-TO-MALE M. & Brownworth, Victoria A. Seal Press, GENDER AND POLITICS IN REVOLU- TRANSSEXUAL. Rees, Mark. Cassell, 1997. TIONARY RUSSIA. Wood, Elizabeth A. 1996. FROM OUT OF THE SHAD0 WS: Indiana University Press, 1997. DIESEL FUEL: PASSIONATE POETRY. MEXICAN WOMEN IN 2OTH CEN- "BAD" MOTHERS: THE POLITICS OF Califia, Pat Masquerade Books, 1997. TURY AMERICA. Ruiz, Vicki L. Oxford BLAME IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY DIRECTORY: CURRICULUM TRANS- University Press, 1997. AMERICA. Ladd-Taylor, Molly & FORMATION PROJECTS AND ACTIVI- FUNDING: OBTAINING MONEY FOR Umansky, Lauri, eds. New York Univer- TIES IN THE U.S. National Center for CURRICULUM TRANSFORMA TION sity Press, 1998. Curriculum Transformation Resources on PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES. Susan, BRITANNIA'S GLOR Y: A HISTORY OF Women. The Center, 1997. (Address: Jolie, et al. National Center for Curricu- TWENTIETH-CENTUR Y LESBIANS. Towson State University, 8000 York Rd., lum Transformation Resources on Women, Hamer, Emily. Cassell, 1996. Baltimore, MD 21 252) 1997. (Address: Towson State University, BULLETPROOF BUTCHES. Villanueva, EDITH CRAIG (1869-1947) DRAMATIC 8000 York Rd., Balitmore, MD 21252) Chea. Masquerade Books, 1997. LIVES. Cockin, Katharine. Cassell, 1998. GENDER: A CARIBBEAN MULTI- BYRESERVATION ONLY. Calhoun, EDITH WHARTON AND THE ART OF DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE. Leo- Jackie. Naiad, 1998. FICTION. Vita-Finzi, Penelope. Pinter, Rhynie, Elsa, et al., eds. Ian Randle CHICANA FEMINIST THOUGHT: THE 1990; repr. 1994. Publishers, 1997. BASIC HISTORICAL WRITINGS. THE ENDS OF PERFORMANCE. GENDER AND ALCOHOL: INDI- Garcia, Alma M., ed. Routledge, 1997. Phelan, Peggy & Lane, Jill, eds. New York VIDUAL AND SOCIAL PERSPEC- CLAIMING DISABILITY. Linton, Simi. University Press, 1998. TIVES. Wilsnack, Richard W. & Wilsnack, New York University Press, 1998. ERECT MENAYNDULATING WOMEN Sharon C., eds. Rutgers Center of Alcohol CLASS MATTERS: 'WORKING-CLASS' Wiber, Melanie G. Wilfrid Laurier Study, 1997. WOMEN'S PERSPECTIVES ON University Press, 1997. GENDER AND ECONOMICS: A SOCIAL CLASS. Mahony, Pat & E VERYWOMAN'S GUIDE TO PRE- EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE. Dijkstra, Zmroczek, Christine, eds. Taylor & SCRIPTION AND NONPRESCRIPTION A. Geske & Plantenga, Janneke. Francis, 1997. DRUGS. Allison, Kathleen Cahill; ed. by Routledge, 1997. COACHELLA: A NOVEL. Taylor, Sheila Lynne M. Sylvia, Pharm.D. Broadway GENDER IN AFRICAN WOMEN'S Ortiz. University of New Mexico Press, Books, 1997. WRITING: IDENTITY, SEXUALITY, 1998. EVIL DEAD CENTER. Lafavor, Carole. AND DIFFERENCE. Makuchi, Juliana & COMMUNITY ACTIVISM AND Firebrand, 1997. Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana. Indiana University FEMINIST POLITICS: ORGANIZING THE FACTS ABOUT TEENAGE Press, 1997. ACROSS RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER PREGNANCIES. Gillham, Bill. Cassell, GENDERED PRACTICES: FEMINIST Naples, Nancy A., ed. Routledge, 1998. 1997. STUDIES OF TECHNOLOGY AND CONFRONTING RAPE AND SEXUAL FANTASIES OF FEMINITY: SOCIETY. Berner, Boel, ed. Depament ASSAULT. Odem, Mary E. & Clay- REFRAMING THE BOUNDARIES OF of Technology and Social Change; dlstr. Warner, Jody, eds. SR Books, 1998. SEX. Ussher, Jane M. Rutgers University Almqvist & Wiksell International. 1997. CONSTRUCTING THE LITTLE Press, 1997. (~ddress:P.O. Box 4627, S-116 91 HOUSE: GENDER, CULTURE, AND THE FEMALE MARINE AND RE- Stockholm, Sweden.) LAURA INGALLS WILDER. Romines, LATED WORKS: NARRATIVES OF GET ON WITH IT: THE GAY AND Ann. University of Massachusetts Press, CROSS-DRESSING AND URBAN VICE LESBIAN GUIDE TO GETTING 1997. IN AMERICA'S EARLY REPUBLIC ONLINE. Laermer, Richard. Broadway Books, 1997.

Feminisi Collections voL 19, n0.2 Winter I998 49 GETTING STARTED: PLANNING MARCHING TOGETHER: WOMEN OF STRUCTIONS. Kourany, Janet A., ed. CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION. THE BROTHERHOOD OF SLEEPING Princeton University Press, 1998. Hedges, Elaine. National Center for CAR PORTERS. Chateauvert, Melinda. PORTRAITS TO THE WALL. Collis, Curriculum Transformation Resources on University of Illinois Press, 1998. Rose. Cassell, 1994. Women, 1997. (Address: Towson State MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT AND 200 POSSESSIONS. Davis, Kaye. Naiad, University, 8000 York Rd., Baltimore, MD YEARS OF FEMINISMS. Yeo, Eileen 1998. 2 1252) Janes, ed. New York University Press, POSTFEMINISMS: FEMINISM, GIRL TALK Pickering, Lucienne. 1997. CULTURAL THEORY AND CULTURAL Geoffrey Chapman, 198 1; repr. 1 996. MATERIALIST FEMINISM: A FORMS. Brooks, Ann. Routledge, 1997. A GOOD AND CARING WOMAN: THE READER IN CLASS, DIFFERENCE PURSUING THE MUSES: FEMALE LIFE AND TIMES OF NELLIE AND WOMEN'S LIVES. Hennessy, EDUCATION AND NONCONFORMIST TALLMAN. Hornbostel, Julia. Galde Rosemary & Ingraham, Chrys, eds. CULTURE 1700-1900. Reeves, Marjorie. Press, Inc., 1996. Routledge, 1997. Leicester University Press, 1997. GOOD FOR YOU: A HANDBOOK ON A MENOPAUSAL MEMOIR: LETTERS QUEERLY CLASSED. Raffo, Susan. LESBIAN HEALTH AND WELLBEING. FROM ANOTHER CLIMATE. South End Press, 1997. Wilton, Tamsin. Cassell, 1997. Hernnann, Anne. Haworth Press, 1997. A QUESTION OF LOVE. Bennett, Saxon. I USED TO BE NICE: SEXUAL AF- MIDDLE KINGDOM. Su, Adrienne. Naiad, 1998. FAIRS. O'Sullivan, Sue. Cassell, 1996. Alicejamesbooks, 1997. REAL MAJORITY, MEDIA MINORITY: INTERNET RESOURCES ON WOMEN: MID WESTERN WOMEN: WORK, THE COST OF SIDELINING WOMEN USING ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN COMMUNITY, AND LEADERSHIP AT INREPORTING. Flanders, Laura. CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION. THE CROSSROADS. Murphy, Lucy Common Courage Press, 1997. Korenman, Joan. National Center for Eldersveld & Venet, Wendy Hamand, eds. RECIPES FOR READING: COMMU- Curriculum Transformation Resources on Indiana University Press, 1997. NITY COOKBOOKS, STORIES, HISTO- Women, 1997. (Address: Towson State MINDING THE BODY: WOMEN AND RIES. Bower, Anne L., ed. University of University, 8000 York Rd., Baltimore, MD LITERATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES, Massachusetts Press, 1997. 21252) 800-1500. Potkay, Monica Brzezinski & RETHINKING FEMINIST IDENTIFI- INTRODUCING RACE AND GENDER Evitt, Regula Meyer, eds. Twayne, 1997. CATION: THE CASE FOR DE FACT0 INTO ECONOMICS. Bartlett, Robin L., THE MYSTIC OF TUNJA: THE FEMINISM. Misciagno, Patricia S. ed. Routledge, 1997. WRITINGS OF MADRE CASTILLO, Greenwood Press, 1997. IRISH WOMEN AND IRISH MIGRA- 1671-1 742. McKnight, Kathryn Joy. REVOLUTION, SHE WROTE. Fraser, TION. O'Sullivan, Patrick, ed. Leicester University of Massachusetts Press, 1997. Clara. Red Letter Press, 1998. University Press, 1995; repr. 1997. (pap.) NAZI FAMILY POLICY, 1933-1945. RHYTHM TIDE. Jones, Frankie J. Naiad, LAND OF MANY HANDS: WOMEN IN Pine, Lisa. Berg, 1997. 1997. THE AMERICAN WEST. Sigerman, NIGHT MARKET: SEXUAL CULTURES ROSA BONHEUR: THE ARTIST'S Harriet. Oxforduniversity Press, 1998. AND THE THAI ECONOMIC (AUTO) BIOGRAPHY. Klumpke, Anna. LEGACY OF LOVE. Martin, Marianne K. MIRACLE. Bishop, Ryan & Lillian S. Univers~tyof Michigan Press, 1997. Naiad, 1997. Robinson. Routledge, 1998. SATAN'S BEST: A LESBIAN BIKER LESBIAN AND GAY STUDIES: A NO MIDDLE GROUND: WOMEN AND NOVEL. Arobateau, Red Jordan. Mas- CRITICAL INTRODUCTION. Medhurst, RADICAL PROTEST. Blee, Kathleen M., querade Books, 1997. Andy & Munt, Sally R., eds. Cassell, ed. New York University Press, 1998. SEARCHING FOR SAFE SPACES: 1997. OF GOOD AND ILL REPUTE: GEN- AFRO-CARIBBEAN WOMEN WRITERS LESBIAN MOTHERHOOD IN EU- DER AND SOCIAL CONTROL IN IN EXILE. Chancy, Myriam J.A. Temple ROPE. Griffin, Kate & Mulholland, Lisa MEDIEVAL ENGLAND. Hanawalt, University Press, 1997. A., eds. Cassell, 1997. Barbara A. Oxford University Press, 1998. SHADOW OF THE OTHER: LETTING GO. O'Leary, Ann. Naiad, OLD BLACK MAGIC: THE 6TH ROBIN INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND GENDER 1997. MILLER MYSTERY. Maiman, Jaye. IN PSYCHOANALYSIS. Benjamin, LIKE THERE'S NO TOMORROW: Naiad, 1997. Jessica. Routledge, 1998. MEDITATIONS FOR WOMEN LEA V- ' ON0 ON0 GIRL'S HULA. Lei-Lanilau, SISTERS IN LAW: WOMEN LA WYERS ING PATRIARCHY. Gage, Carolyn. Carolyn. The University of Wisconsin IN MODERN AMERICAN HISTORY. Common Courage Press, 1997. Press, 1997. Drachman, Virginia G. Harvard University LOOSE WOMEN, LECHEROUS MEN: OU WOMEN: UNDOING EDUCA- Press, 1998. A FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY OF SEX. TIONAL OBSTACLES. Lunneborg, SOME WOMEN. Antoniou, Laura. LeMoncheck, L~nda.Oxford University Patricia W. Cassell, 1994. Masquerade Books, 1997. Press, 1997. PENN VALLEY PHOENIX. McClellan, SOR JUANA INES DE LA CRUZ. Kirk, MAKING WORLDS: GENDER, META- Janet. Naiad, 1998. Pamela. Continuum, 1998. PHOR, MATERIALITY. Aiken, Susan PHILOSOPHY IN A FEMINIST STILL RAISING HELL: POVERTY, Hardy, et al., eds. The University of VOICE: CRITIQUES AND RECON- ACTIVISM, AND OTHER TRUE Arizona Press, 1998.

50 Feminist Collections voL 19, no.2 Winter 1998 STORIES. Baxter, Sheila. Press Gang, WE ARE FAMILY: TESTIMONIES OF I WOMEN IN THE CURRICULUM. 1997. LESBIAN AND GAY PARENTS. Ali, Nat~onalCenter for Curriculum Transfor- STRAIGHT STUDIES MODIFIED: Turan. Cassell, 1996. mation Resources on Women. The Center, LESBIAN INTER VENTIONS IN THE I:WHAT ABOUT THE CHILDREN? 1997. (Address: Towson State University, ACADEMY. Griffin, Gabriele & SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF LESBIAN Baltimore, MD 2 1252.) Andermahr, Sonya, eds. Cassell, 1997. AND GAY PARENTS TALK ABOUT WOMEN IN THE THIRD WORLD: A THE STRUCTURE OF WOMEN'S THEIR LIVES. Saffron, Lisa. Cassell, REFERENCE HANDBOOK. Kinnear, NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. Bordt, 1996. Karen L. ABC-CLIO, 1997. (Address: 130 Rebecca L. Indiana University Press, WHERE THE OCEANS MEET: A Cremona Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93 1 17; 1997. NOVEL. Mandava, Bhargavi C. Seal e-maiI:[email protected]) TANU WOMEN: GENDER AND Press, 1996. WOMEN OF STEEL: FEMALE BODY CULTURE IN THE MAKING OF WHY SO SLOW?: THE ADVANCE- BUILDERS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR TANGANYIKAN NATIONALISM, 1955- MENT OF WOMEN. Valian, Virginia. SELF-DEFINITION. Lowe, Maria R. 1965. Geiger, Susan. Heinemann, 1997. MIT Press, 1998. New York University Press, 1998. THERE MUST BE FIFTY WAYS TO THE WILD IRISH GIRL 1807. Morgan, THE WOMEN OF THE ALLAMERI- TELL YOUR MOTHER: COMINC OUT Lady Sydney Owenson. Woodstock Books, CAN GIRLS PROFESSIONAL BASE- STORIES. Sutcliffe, Lynn. Cassell, 1995. 1995. BALL LEAGUE: A BIOGRAPHICAL TRUE STORIES OF THE KOREAN WOMAN OF THE RIVER: GEORGIE DICTIONARY. Madden, W.C. COMFORT WOMEN. Howard, Keith, ed. WHITE CLARK: WHITE-WA TER McFarland, 1997. Cassell, 1995. PIONEER. Westwood, R~chardE. Utah WOMEN OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH: UNCOVERINCS 1997: VOLUME 18 OF State University Press, 1997. A MULTWLTURA L READER. THE RESEARCH PAPERS OF THE WOMEN & ALCOHOL: A PRIVATE Farnham, Christie Anne, ed. New York AMERICAN QUILT STUDY GROUP. PLEASURE OR A PUBLIC PROBLEM. University Press, 1998. Gunn, Virginia. American Quilt Study Ettorre, Elizabeth. The Women's press; WOMEN & POLITICAL PARTICIPA- Group, 1997. (Address: 660 Mission distr. Trafalgar Square, 1997. TION: CULTURAL CHANGE IN THE Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA WOMEN AND BULL FIGHTING: POLITICAL ARENA. Conway M. 94 105-4007.) GENDER, SSEX AND THE CONSUMP- Margaret, et al. Congressional Quarterly UNZIPPED GENES: TAKINC CHARGE TION OF TRADITION. Pink, Sarah. Books, 1997. (Address: 1414 22nd St. OF BABY-MAKINC IN THE NEW Berg; distr. by New York University Press, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037) MILLENIUM- Rothblatt, Martine. 1998. WOMEN'S LIVES: MUL TICULTURAL Temple University Press, 1997. WOMEN AND HEALTH: AN ANNO- PERSPECTIVES. Kirk, Gwyn & VALPERGA OR, THE LIFE AND TATED BIBLIOGRA PHY. Belmonte, Okazawa-Rey, Margo. Mayfield Publish- ADVENTURES OF CASTRUCCIO, Frances R. Scarecrow, 1997. ing, 1998. PRINCE OF LUCCA. Shelley, Mary WOMEN AND WORK: EXPLORING WOMEN'S THEOLOGY IN NINE- Wollstonecroft; ed. by Stuart Curran. RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CLASS. TEENTH CENTURY BRITAIN: TRANS- Oxford University Press, 1998. Higginbotham, Elizabeth & Romero, Mary, FIGURING THE FAITH OF THEIR VAMPS, VIRGINS AND VICTIMS: eds. Sage, 1997. FATHERS. Mehyk, Julie, ed. Garland, HOW CAN WOMEN FIGHT AIDS? WOMEN, CULTURE, AND COMMU- 1998. Gorna, Robin. Cassell, 1996. NITY: RELIGION AND REFORM IN WORKIN' IT: WOMEN LIVING VOICES CHANGE: SHORT STORIES GALVESTON, 1880-1920. Turner, THROUGH DRUGS AND CRIME. BY SAUDI ARABIAN WOMEN WRIT- Elizabeth Hayes. Oxford University Press, Pettiway, Leon E. Temple University ERS. Bagader, Abubaker, et al., eds. 1997. Press, 1997. Lynne Rienner, 1998. WOMEN IN CONTEXT: TWO HUN- ZOR4 NEALE HURSTON: AN ANNO- VOICES OF RESISTANCE: ORAL DRED YEARS OF BRITISH WOMEN TATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFER- HISTORIES OF MOROCCAN WOMEN. A UTOBIOGRAPHERS: A REFERENCE ENCE GUIDE. Davis, Rose Parkman. Baker, Alison. State University of New GUIDE AND READER. Kanner, Barbara Greenwood Press, 1997. York Press, 1998. Penny. G.K. Hall. 1997. THE WAR FROM WITHIN: GERMAN WOMEN IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR. Daniel, Ute. Berg, 1998.

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