OCTOBER 4, 1974 25 CENTS VOLUME 38/NUMBER 37

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

• •• I 1on· II ' Socialists answer Ford 'summit' When President Ford announced the conven­ ing of a "summit conference on inflation," Socialist Workers Party representatives Debby Bustin and Maceo Dixon demanded time to address the gathering. No one else, they pointed out, would speak up for the interests of working people, who are the real victims of the economic crisis. The socialists' request was refused. The Democrats and Republicans running the con­ ference were afraid to allow any other view­ point to be heard. The Militant is printing below the full texts of the speeches Dixon and Bustin would have given. The two are cochairpersons of the Socialist Workers 1974 National Campaign Committee.

By DEBBY BUSTIN This conference is meeting at a time when the American people face economic disaster. Economists, stockbrokers, bankers, indus­ trialists, union officials, and politicians have talked about it at "mini-summits" around the country, and everyone agrees that the econ­ DIXON, BUSTIN: 'Government plans to make workers pay for economic crisis.' omy is sick. Everyone knows the symptoms: inflation, recession, shortages, rising unem­ ployment, high interest rates, falling produc­ the richest country in the world, able to pro­ Now there is talk of another world depres­ tion. duce the greatest abundance of goods in his­ sion like in the 1930s. I really started getting So you have given speeches for hour af­ tory, where the capabilities of science and scared the other day when President Ford ter hour. You have printed thousands of technology are virtually without limit- we promised that "the U.S. is not going to have pages of reports. And what is the result? are threatened with economic catastrophe. a depression." I couldn't help remembering Nothing! Not one proposal has been made Why? that it was just a few months ago that Nix­ to solve any of the problems of working peo­ This country flies men to the moon, but on solemnly swore, "There will be no reces­ ple in this country. You just tell us to "tighten it can't provide low-cost gasoline for us to sion in the United States of America." And our belts." drive across town. It builds skyscrapers, but look where we are now. With all then· graphs and statistics and not decent housing for the poor. It has the Everyone who has spoken at this confer­ formulas, your "experts" can't even begin to resources to feed the entire world, but mil­ ence talked as though this economic crisis explain how this crisis has come about In lions of people are starving. Why? Continued on poge l 6.

Boston Blacks organize against. racists/s How U.S. agribusiness starves world/s Wounded Knee jurors: 'Drop charges!Ya In Briel

SEATTLE PROTEST AGAINST MARTIAL LAW IN can Studies program, and frred paraprofessionals. PHILIPPINES: One hundred and fifty people picketed In conjunction with the school boycott, P. S. 34 par­ the Philippine consulate and then marched to a rally in ents, and their supporters from other schools in the dis­ the heart of Seattle's Asian community Sept. 22. The ac­ trict, have held marches throughout the district demand­ tion was called by a coalition of Filipino groups to pro­ ing that the programs and teachers be returned and that test the imposition of martial law by the Marcos govern­ Luis Fuentes, the Puerto Rican superintendent suspended ment two years ago. by the board, be reinstated. The main slogans were: "Free all political prisoners!" and, "Stop U.S. aid to the Marcos dictatorship!" MOON MEETING PICKETED: When right-wing evangel­ Speakers at the rally denounced the role of American ist Sun Myung Moon made his appearance at New York's corporations and the U.S. armed forces in supporting Madison Square Garden Sept. 18 he was met by picketers the Marcos regime and described the resistance move­ denouncing the repression in South Korea and calling ment in the Philippines. for freedom for all political prisoners of the Park regime. THIS Groups participating in the protest included the KDP Becky Finch, Socialist Workers Party candidate for U.S. (Union of Democratic Filipinos), the Filipino Students Senate from New York, told The Militant that the protest- WEEK'S Association at the University of Washington, the Young Socialist Alliance, the United Farm Workers Support Com­ mittee, Revolutionary Union, and the Socialist Workers MILITANT Party. 3 How CIA financed right­ wing 'strikes' in Chile 4 Politicians feign surprise at Chile crimes Victory in Minnesota 9 Denver Chicanos de­ mand end to repression SWP exemption fight! 10 Interview with Leonard By EDJURENAS Boudin ST. PAUL- The Minnesota Socialist Workers Campaign 15 Strike roundup Committee has won exemption from disclosing its finan­ 19 Kremlin breaks up rebel cial contributors in a decision that will have nationwide art show ramifications. The Minnesota State Ethics Commission in a 6-0 vote 20 Rockefeller's wealth and Sept. 24 ruled that the Socialist Workers Party would not power have to file with the government the names or addresses 22 Texas socialists victori­ of persons who contribute to its election campaigns. (For ous in ballot fight an earlier story on the exemption fight in Minnesota, see 23 Meetings assess I ife of p. 9). The commission decision was based on extensive docu­ James P. Cannon mented evidence of illegal harassment and surveillance 24 Tribute to Cannon by of members and supporters of the SWP by the FBI and ers had decided to take advantage of the publicity sur­ Tom Kerry other government agencies. The socialists had won wide­ rounding Moon's speech to point out that he is a sup­ spread public support for their demand for exemption. 27 Strategy for Black strug­ porter of the Park dictatorship and to draw public at­ Jane Van Deusen, SWP candidate for governor, hailed gle tention to the plight of the thousands of political pris­ the decision as a "major victory-" and said that the Minne­ Militant circulation oners under this U. S.-backed regime. 29 sota ruling would make it much easier to win exemptions Finch was able to speak to five reporters about the drive tops goal in other states, and would benefit the socialists' suit against political prisoners issue, and spoke through a microphone the federal campaign disclosure law. The American Civil to the crowds milling around the Garden. In Brief Liberties Union filed this suit in federal court in Washing­ 2 On Sept. 19 some 30,000 demonstrated in Tokyo for ton, D. C., on Sept. 10. 12 In Our Opinion release of the South Korean political prisoners, according Representing the campaign committee at the hearings Letters to a Sept: 20 dispatch of New Asia News. The action was before the commission here was Doug Hall, one of the de­ supported by the Japanese Socialist Communist 13 Women in Revolt fense attorneys in the Wounded Knee trials and a member P~rty, Party, Komeito (Clean Government Party), and the trade­ La Raza en Accion of the Legal Rights Center in Minneapolis. union federation Sohyo. 14 The Great Society The commission also voted 4 to 2 to exempt the cam­ In Seoul, 4,000 students held a prayer meeting Sept. paign committee from disclosing the names of persons By Any Means Neces­ 23 at the Ewha women's university in what was viewed who loan it money. sary as the first protest action by students since last October. Irene Scott, a member of the League of Women Voters National Picket Line and a commission member, said that the socialists should -NORMAN OLIVER 19 Campaigning for Social­ be granted the exemption because the FBI had admitted ism it was conducting a disruption program against the SWP aimed at discouraging people from joining it. She pointed out that the FBI had every opportunity to deny the SWP allegations but refused to testify. i_c_onsu_merP_rices--' David Durenberger, another commission member, voiced YOUR FIRST 15 skepticism at the statements made at earlier commission -IM7•100 hearings by police officials who denied harassing the SWP. ... 15 THE MILITANT Although the Minneapolis police had denied stationing ISSUE? police cars in front of the SWP headquarters, Durenberger VOLUME 38/NUMBER 37 14 I OCTOBER 4, 1974 observed that the socialists had submitted in evidence CLOSING NEWS DATE- SEPT. 25, 1974 a photograph of a police car sitting outside the head­ 4 1/ quarters during a public meeting in February 1974. SUBSCRIBE 1 Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Further information on the Minnesota victory will be 13 J Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN reported in next week's Militant. Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING TO THE 13 I Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., ~ I 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: IRISH DEMONSTRATE AGAINST BRITISH ARMY IN MILITANT 12 Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) , 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 S. Westlake Ave., NEW YORK: Protesting the appearance of the Scots and 12 0 ~ Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Telephone: (213) 483-2798. Welsh Guards, two British regiments that have served in Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes Northern Ireland, 500 people picketed Madison Square What causes inflation, unemployment, and shortages? How of address should be addressed to The Militant Business Garden in New York City on Sept. 21 and 22. The guards Office, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. con working people fight bock? Week after week The Militant were giving a bagpipe concert. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ analyzes the unfolding economic crisis and reports on strug­ scriptions: domestic, S7.50 a year; foreign, $11.00. The British army canceled the 1973 tour by the guards gles of the exploited and oppressed. Subscribe today. By first-class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, because protests organized by the Irish Northern Aid $32; all other countries, $53. By airmail: domestic, Committee and other organizations pursued these bag­ Canada, and Mexico, $42. By air printed molter: Cen­ pipe performances all over the country. Introductory oller-81/2 months tral America and Caribbean, S40; Mediterranean Af­ ( ) $] for two months of The Militant. rica, Europe, and South America, S52; USSR, Asia, ( ) $2 for two months of The Militant and three months Pacific, and Africa, S62. Write for foreign sealed air postage roles. THREE ARRESTED AT DISTRICT 1 PROTEST: On of the International Socialist Review For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then Sept. 20, several hundred parents and supporters from ( ) $7.50 for one year of The Milita~t. posted from London directly to Britain, Ireland, and Public School 34 in New York City's school District 1 ( ) New { ) Renewo! Continental Europe: L1 for eight issues, L2.50 for six stopped traffic at a major intersection in the district. Cops months, L5 for one year. Send banker's draft or in­ arrested three people during the protest. NAME------ternational postal order (payable to Pathfinder Press) The action took place after two weeks of a highly ef­ ADDRESS ______~------to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, Landon, SE 1 8LL, CITY STATE. ZIP------England. Inquire for air rates from London at the fectiv·e boycott of P. S. 34. Parents called the boycott after 14 Cha-rles Lone, New York, N.Y. l 0014. same address. the racist majority of the local community school board Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily fired seven bilingual teachers, terminated the Afro-Ameri- represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 From Intercontinental Press companies. During the lockout, In new sensational disclosures Allende made major concessions to the leaked to the New York Times from truck owners, including a promise to sources apparently within the Central recognize the "private nature" of trans­ Intelligence Agency itself, it has now portation companies. been revealed that the sinister super­ (Few if any "workers" were actually spy organization was the source of participants in these right-wing anti­ funds used to subsidize the anti­ government protests. An American Allende "strikes" carried out in Chile living in Santiago at the time has by truck owners and shopkeepers in described the participants in a typi­ 1972 and 1973. cal "March of the Empty Pots" action: The money, disbursed "for more (Jim Ritter in Chile's Days of Terror: than 18 months" before the govern­ Eyewitness Accounts of the Military ment was overthrown by force and Coup. Pathfinder Press. New York, violence, was used "to provide strike 1974.) benefits and other means of support ("... the right-wing women would for anti-Allende strikers and workers," come down from their houses in the according to the September 20 issue Barrio Alto ... in their Fiats and of the New York daily. their Mercedes-Benzes and they would Anti-AIIende demonstrations like this one prior to rightist coup were financed by CIA The revelations give the lie t9 claims park them on a side street. Then they by White House representatives that would all walk about half a block to the CIA's cloak-and-dagger opera­ the Plaza ltalia-the main center­ was funneled into Chile through the ence, Ford admitted that the CIA car­ tions in Chile were limited to financing and then walk down the main street black market, thus enormously in­ ried out clandestine operations in opposition political parties and the for two blocks with their signs, as creasing its 'buying power." Chile. However, he pictured these as news media. though they had marched hungry and "The unofficial exchange rate, benign actions. intended only "to help "Among those heavily subsidized," oppressed from the rich quarters fur­ ·sources said, was as much as 800 and assist the preservation of opposi­ Washington correspondent Seymour ther up in Santiago.... You would per cent higher than the official rate, tion newspaper and electronic media Hersh reported, citing "intelligence see their faces distorted with hatred, indicating that the C. I. A's cash could and to preserve opposition political sources" that gave him the details, not so much against the actual con­ have had a local impact of more than parties." "were the organizers of a nationwide crete activities of the government but $40-million." truck strike that lasted 26 days in against the actual presumption of the The CIA's subsidization of opposi­ The latest revelations by the New the fall of 1972, seriously disrupting poor- the idea that they could deter­ tion business and trade organizations York Times show that Ford was Chile's economy and provoking the mine what was going to be done.") was pictured "as part of a broad ef­ covering up the job done on the first of a series of labor crises for The latest revelations provide fur­ fort to infiltrate all areas of Chile's Chilean government by the CIA President Allende. ther proof of Washington's efforts governmental and political life. The "What we really were doing was sup­ "Direct subsidies, the sources said, to disrupt Chile's economy under sources said that by the end of the porting a civilian resistanc~ movement also were provided for a strike of Allende. The New York Times had Allende period, the agency had agents against an arbitrary Government," a middle-class shopkeepers and a taxi previously revealed, on September 15, and informers in every major party Washington official "with rrrst-hand strike among others, that disrupted that the 40 Committee, a high-level making up Mr. Allende's Popular knowledge of the decision-making on the capital city of Santiago in the sum­ intelligence and security agency pre­ Unity coalition." Chile" told the New York Times. "Our mer of 1973, shortly before Mr. sided over by Henry Kissinger, had They were unable to infiltrate the target was the middle-class groups Allende was overthrown by a military worked to cut off loans and credit Movement of the Revolutionary Left who were working against Allende:" coup." for Chile after Allende's election in (MIR), Hersh's sources claimed. While The newspaper's sources said that The truck owners' "strike" (in reality, 1970. giving critical support to Allende's less than half the CIA money was a lockout) was directed against the Hersh reported in the September 20 popular-front government, the centrist provided for direct support of poli­ government's plan to form a state New York Times that the money for MIR did not join the Popular Unity ticians, newspapers, and radio and trucking corporation in the south of the CIA's covert operations from 1970 coalition. television stations. Most of the funds the country to compete with private to 1973, following Allende's election, At his September 16 news confer- Continued on next page

Tens of thousands in worldwide Chile protests In cities around the world thousands tant correspondent Derek Jeffers. "It is political organizations, including the ish left and working-class movement. of people turned out for protest actions also probably the largest demonstra­ International Marxist Group (G IM), Unfortunately at the last minute the to mark the first anniversary of the tion in recent years in West Germany, German section of the Fourth Interna­ National Executive of the Labour Par­ bloody military coup in Chile. and the largest in .Frankfurt since the tional. ty withdrew its support and asked One of the largest took place in end of World War II." In London more than 10,000 per­ that the action be called off. But on Frankfurt, Germany, where between The Frankfurt action was organized sons marched Sept. 15. The action, the march itself there appeared ban­ 20,000 and 30,000 marched on Sept. by 27 local Chile committees and the sponsored by the Chile Solidarity ners of many Labour Party constitu­ 14. "This is the largest Chile action Federation of ·Latin American Stu­ Committee, included representatives of ency groups, as well as those of at ever in West Germany," writes Mili- dents. It was supported by several almost the entire spectrum of the Brit- least a dozen trades councils and many unions. The main theme of the protest was to demand that the Labour govern­ ment carry out its earlier position for a break in diplomatic relations with the junta in Chile and a total em­ bargo on all trade with the Chilean government. In Australia, actions took place in five cities Sept. 11, including a march of 500 in Sydney. The concluding rally was addressed by Ernest Man­ del, a leader of the Fourth Internation­ al who is on a speaking tour of Aus­ tralia. In Venezuela, United Press Interna­ tional reported that the main trade­ union federations called for a 15-min­ ute work stoppage throughout the country Sept. 18. In New York on the same date, longshoremen refused to handle car­ go to or from Chile in support of a two-day boycott of Chilean ships or­ ganized by the International Trans­ Part of demonstration of 20,000-30,000 in Frankfurt, Germany, Sept. 14 Militant/Derek Jeffers port Workers Federation.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 3 Politicians in Congress feign surprise at CIA Chile crimes From Intercontinental Press and inspire the most reactionary op­ United States. What does this tell us By DICK FIDLER ponents of those ideals. about a man who in pardoning Rich­ Ford's attempt, at a September 16 This "candidness"- less polite com­ ard Nixon said he believed that 'right ... Chile White House news conference, to mentators call it stupidity- on the makes might' and who has just called justify the Central Intelligence Agen­ part of administration spokesmen has in the United Nations for a coopera­ Continued from preceding page cy's clandestine operations in Chile called forth troubled comments from tive world order based on 'accommo­ allocated for stimulating antigovern­ against the Allende government has other representatives of the ruling dation, moderation and consideration ment propaganda went to ElMercurio, been met with indignant statements class, as Senator Church's remarks of the interests of others'?" the main anti-Allende daily in San­ from members of Congress and news­ indicate. Wicker concluded that the "inexpe­ tiago. paper editors. Many commentators expressed con­ rienced" Ford, "an instinctive hawk," - The New York Times's sources, Clifton Daniel, associate editor of the cern that Ford's defense of CIA sub­ had 'been sold a bill of goods by the hoping to deflect charges of direct CIA New York Times, raised the question version would tarnish still further the C. I. A and Secretary of State Kissin­ involvement in the bloody September of the new president's intelligence. "An­ image that has been constructed of ger, who presided over the national 197·3 coup and its aftermath, insisted other kind of reply was possible," he him as ''Mr. Clean." security body that authorized the that the Nixon administration's goal wrote September 17. "The President Typical was a September 20 column C. I. A interventions in Chile." was not to overthrow Allende. might have said that he was not re­ by Tom Wicker, Washington bureau The way to handle this, he said, One official Hersh spoke with went sponsible for past activities of the chief of the New York Times, a news­ echoing editorials in the major U.S. so far as to call Washington's policy paper that has done its share in pre­ newspapers, is to strengthen the role in Chile 'Jailure": "'We were not a senting Ford as still a Boy Scout at of Congress in "overseeing" CIA ac­ looking for a military take-over,' he heart. tivities. declared. n Wicker noted a number of absurdi­ Members of Congress, caught short It may well be that the CIA or­ ties in Ford's rem arks. Allende, con­ by the unexpected exposure of the dered its operators to stand by on the trary to what Ford had said, did not CIA, have used the convenient ploy day the generals struck the blow they try to "destroy opposition news me­ of expressing "surprise." The most had been organizing together with the dia ... and to destroy opposition po­ "surprised" seem to be those who were CIA from the time Allende took office. litical parties." In fact, Wicker said, the in the best position to know the full The fact that they were only spattered opposition parties and press were nev­ story fro·m the beginning. by the blood of the tens of thousands er threatened under the Popular Unity These include Senator Stuart Sym­ of victims does not lessen their com­ regime. ington, a member of the Senate plicity. And in any case, what about Wash­ Armed Services Intelligence Subcom­ As Intercontinental Press pointed out ington's complete lack of concern for mittee; Senator John Stennis, the sub­ during the 1972 truck owners' lock­ the opposition press and opposition committee's chairman and also chair­ out, the general strategy of the oppo­ parties in many other countries where man of the Senate Armed Services sition was at that time to wear away they are suppressed- as in "South Committee; and Representative Dante the popular hopes inspired by the Pop­ Vietnam, South Korea, until recently Fascell, chairman of the House For­ ular Unity victory. They sought Greece, just to name a few," Wicker eign Affairs Latin American Sub­ through confrontations to force Allen­ said. committee- all of whom claim to have de to abandon even the limited re­ "Aside from misleading the Ameri­ been "unaware" of what the CIA was formist program of his coalition, can people, Mr. Ford's statement was doing. gradually turning him into a captive CHURCH: Pretends to be surprised one of the most unfortunate ever made On September 17, the Senate For­ of the oppositiori. parties and the by the head of a supposedly law-abid­ eign Relations Committee voted unani­ army. ing government. It claimed the right of mously to investigate the CIA role The opposition strategy- with tht C. I. A, but would be responsible for this nation to go clandestinely into in Chile. Representative Thomas Mor­ help of the CIA- was successful. When its future behavior, and would accord­ others and 'take certain actions in the gan, chairman of the House Foreign Allende hindered the masses from ingly review its policies and plans." intelligence field to help implement for­ Affairs Committee, said they, too, mobilizing in their own defense (for Instead, Daniel noted, "the President eign policy and protect national se­ would take up the Chile issue. "This example, by imposing martial law chose to defend the behavior of the curity.' That is a beautified way of is our one chance to get oversight during the truckers' strike) and capitu­ old Administration rather than chart saying 'to subvert legitimate govern­ of the CIA and we're going to grab lated to the demands of the truck a new policy for his own." ments by bribery, trickery and vio- it," he promised. owners and other opponents of the In Daniel's view, Ford's statement lence.' . . . ' However, the New York Times re­ regime, he emboldened the right-wing that the CIA's subversive activities in "The 'candor' of Mr. Ford's re­ ported, the senators favor only "a pre­ opposition and enabled it to go in­ other countries were justified "to help marks, far from being praiseworthy, liminary 'pulling together' of testimo­ creasingly on the offensive against the implement foreign policy and protect had the effects not just of admitting ny and not yet a full-fledged investi­ government. national security" seemed to conflict that international subversion goes on, gation into the foreign policy of the By the time of the shopkeepers' with CIA director William Colby's re­ but of giving it public, official approv­ Nixon Administration." 1973, strikes in July-August however, cent assurance that abandoning al, and from the President of the Continued on page 30 the opposition's strategy of attrition "covert action" would, "in the light of was becoming increasingly risky. On current American policy," "not have a the one hand, the workers were re­ major impact on our current activities sponding to the right-wing attacks or the current security of the United with mobilizations that the Popular States." Unity government could not control Both Ford and Colby "seemed to and that increasingly tended to under­ USLA: 'Open CIA files!' take it for granted that the United The United States Committee for mine the base of the capitalist system. Birns of the New School for Social States had the right to intervene in Justice to Latin American Political Following the "Tancazo," or at­ Research in New York. Birns has the affairs of other countries in its Prisoners ( USLA) has responded tempted coup, of June 29, 1973, for done extensive research on the CIA own interest," Daniel observed. Ford to the recent exposures of the CIA example, the workers carried through and was one of the witnesses before had even claimed that "such actions role in Chile with a campaign to a wave of plant seizures and strength­ a recent House subcommittee hear­ are taken in the best interests of the inform the American people of these ened their cordones industriales, the ing on the Chile revelations. countries involved." crimes. councils they had established to ad­ Birns will be speaking at Colum­ minister such properties. Ford's claim led Senator Frank The latest USLA "Action Letter" bia University Oct. 2 at 8 p.m. in states: "The 'Chile Revelations,' as On the other hand; sectors of the Church, a liberal Democrat and mem­ the Dodge Room of Earl Hall, and ruling class and the far right wing ber of the Senate Foreign Relations they have come to be known, have on Oct. 3 at New York University proven without a doubt that the showed an increasing proclivity to­ Committee, to wave a warning finger. at 8 p.m. in 623 Loeb Student United States was intimately in­ ward panicky reactions that over­ "It seems he declared that the United Center. volved in preparing the way for the stepped the bounds of a strategy States respects no law other than the military takeover on September 11, limited to pressuring Allende. These law of the jungle in its dealings with 1973 and was therefore a conspira­ elements, of course, had been encour­ foreign countries," the senator said. aged enormously by Allende's pre­ "He equates us with the Russians. I tor in the murder, torture and im­ prisonment of thousands of Chil­ vious retreats, as well as by Washing­ thought there was a difference, and the eans.... ton's support. difference is what it's all about." "We believe that the American And so the time had come for a In fact, the recent statements of top public has the right to know the shift in tactics of the reaction. officials approving CIA activities have truth about U. S. involvement and "The people within the [U.S.] Em­ punctured the long-stated official we are therefore calling for a cam­ bassy," a Washington official told the rationale for U.S. foreign policy, paign of protest to U. S. govern­ New York Times, "felt that they were through which the ruling class at­ mental officials around the follow­ engaged in a kind of warfare.... tempts to mobilize public opinion in ing demands: "'There were a lot of people in San­ support of Washington's counterrevo­ "Open the secret files- publish tiago on the far right who were es­ lutionary role around the world. Colby's testimony! sentially dedicating their lives to the "End U.S. aid to the Chilean mili­ overthrow of Allende- it was like a The president himself has now ad­ tary government! holy war,' the source said. 'These peo­ mitted and defended what an increas­ "Free all political prisoners!" ple were increasingly seen at the em­ ing number of American people have Part of USLA's campaign to get bassy in 1972 and 1973.' come to understand and oppose: that out the truth about CIA operations "At the time, he added, 'just putting far from supporting democracy, self­ will be through organizing public some resources at their disposal alone determination, and freedom, Washing­ meetings fo~ Professor Lawrence Detroit, Sept. 11 would be enough.'" ton's policy is to back, encourage,

4 Boston Blacks organize against racists By JOAN PALTRINERI ers at South Boston High had ap­ BOSTON- The Boston school system plied for a transfer by_ week's end. ended its first full week of court-or­ He had been attacked by a white stu­ dered desegregation, with racist vio­ dent who held a pellet gun to his lence increasing as the white school­ head. boycott continues. But many Black The escalation of racist violence has parents and students are determined to grown beyond incidents directly re­ carry through the desegregation plan. lated to school desegregation. It is One Black student summed up this not safe to be Black in South Bos­ mood saying, "Nobody's gonna stop ton. A South Boston city bus driver me from getting my education." was attacked by two whites and a Although the white boycott has been Black cab driver was hit by a brick building strength here- school atten­ as he drove his cab through a dance Sept. 20 was 71 percent, down "Southie" housing project. from a high point of 76 percent earli­ The role of the Boston police, media, er in the week- and attracting racist and city officials from Mayor Kevin scum from other parts of the coun­ White on down, has been to conciliate try, including Nazis and members of the racists and play down the acts the Ku Klux Klan, a protest rally is of violence against Blacks, claiming slated for Sept. 26 to galvanize op­ they do not want to draw attention to position to the racist offensive. the negative aspects of desegregation. In predominantly white South Bos­ As a result of this "go easy" attitude, ton, several hundred whites gathered the violence has increased and virulent along the streets to taunt and jeer racist forces from other parts of the the buses as they arrived carrying country have begun to come into Bos­ Blacks from _nearby Roxbury to at­ ton to give their support to the anti­ tend South Boston High School. The Black actions. Capitalist politicians give backhanded support to efforts to stop desegregation plan racists yelled: "Niggers go Home." David Duke, the so-called Grand Inside the schools teachers did not Dragon of the Knights of the Ku Klux greet Black students with the usual Klan, arrived in Boston from Baton to protest the racist offensive. their community. (See accompanying enthusiasm of opening school days. Rouge, La., on Sept. 18. He addressed In a statement urging support for article.) Instead, students were pushed and or­ a group of 300 in South Boston the the protest rally, Ollie Bivins, SWP Initial supporters of the protest rally dered around. next day, urging them to join the candidate for lieutenant governor, and include: Black student groups at Bos­ Then, as students boarded buses to KKK and fight to keep South Boston his running mates said: ton State College, Boston College, go home, racists screamed, "Niggers schools all white. Klan members here "Every day more and more Black Tufts, Harvard, Northeastern, ·and aren't hum an," and "Niggers are ani­ are boasting that their ranks have students are injured and Mayor White. Univer~ity of Mass. mals," and heaved rocks at the buses. swelled in the past few weeks. Governor Sargent, and other so-called Other endorsers include Kermit Mor­ Violence against Black students was Police in South Boston stopped a friends of the Black community have rissey, president of Boston State; State not confined to South Boston, but school bus with Virginia license plates done nothing. Their response to the Representative Bill Owens; Salvador spread to other parts of the city. Black and a large "white power" sign. In violence against Black youth is in Luria, Nobel prize laureate; Rex students were injured and buses were it were seven persons dressed in Nazi­ keeping with their long-standing poli­ Weng, vice-president, AFL-CIO state stoned ·in Roslindale, Hyde Park, Mat­ type uniforms. The group, which iden­ cy of giving backhanded support to labor council; Elliot Small, area direc­ tapan, and Dorchester. tified itself as the National Socialist the racists who have fought school tor, National Union of Hospital and In Jamaica Plain, a .30-caliber bul­ White People's Party, was escorted out desegregation in Boston for the last Health Care Workers Local 1199; let was fired through the front en­ of the state. 10 years." John Mitchell, internationalrepresenta­ trance of the high school. In the An­ Maceo Dixon, cochairman of the The socialist candidates urged the tive of Amalgamated Meatcutters. drew Square section of Dorchester, a Socialist Workers 1974 National broadest support for the right of Black mob of white youths attacked a lone Campaign Committee, has been tour­ students to attend any schools they Also, Pat Bonner-Lyons, Young Black who was standing on a street ing the Boston area for the Massa­ choose. They hailed efforts by resi­ Workers Liberation League; Socialist corner waiting for a public bus. Even chusetts socialist campaign. He has dents of the Columbia Point housing Workers Party; and Young Socialist one of the newly assigned Black teach- urged support for the rally Sept. 26 projects to halt the racist attacks on Alliance. Blacks combat racists with observation patrol By MACEO DIXON "Columbia Point community is call­ ators Brooke and Kennedy, the Co­ our children have been stoned by rac­ BOSTON- The Columbia Point hous­ ing this press conference," announced lumbia Point community decided to se­ ist whites in South Boston. At night ing projects are set out on a penin­ Leon Rock, "to inform the press of cure Columbia Point by any means after 5:30, whites have boldly come sula in Boston Harbor. Four thou­ the telegram that was sent to Gover­ necessary." into our community to further harass sand people, mostly Blacks, live there, nor Sargent last week requesting that Domingo Soto read a statement say­ us. For the past two weeks the Co­ and it has been the scene of racist U.S. federal marshals be sent into ing, "We, the residents of Columbia lumbia Point community has been un­ attacks. White vigilantes and night rid­ the projects to intervene, because we Point, have demonstrated our willing­ der a virtual state of seige. White-sheet­ ers have used violence to try to stop felt that the Boston police were not ness to peacefully abide by the law ed hoodlums have fired rifle shots the desegregation of the schools. doing an adequate job in terms of as mandated by the federal court. Our at our people. If the mayor, the po­ Residents of Columbia Point held securing Columbia Point housing proj­ community has been more adversely lice, and the courts won't protect us, ects. It didn't seem they wanted to do affected than any other area in the we shall be forced to organize to pro­ the job. After we received no word city. tect ourselves by any means neces­ Maceo Dixon is cochairman of the from Sargent or Judge Garrity or sen- "Residents have been harassed and sary." Socialist Workers 1974 National The residents are making a num­ Campaign Committee and a na­ ber of demands upon the .city admin­ tional committee member of the istration. The demands center around protection for the children from mob Young Socialist Alliance. violence while being bused to and ·from school and protection for the a news conference Sept. 23 to protest community from the white racist at­ the racist violence and to announce tacks. their plans to organize an observation Roger Taylor told how the police patrol to help stop it. The observa­ are fabricating stories about the con­ tion groups are checking all traffic duct of the Black community. He said coming in and out on the only road many Blacks saw a cop fire six shots in the air one night. The next day the into Columbia Point. The news conference was held in capitalist press quoted the cops as the management office of the Boston saying the shots were fired by Blacks. Housing Authority in Columbia Point. As you wallt into the office you can Thomas Atkins of the NAACP spoke see bullet holes in the front of the in defense of the Columbia Point resi­ building. Some windows are shot out. dents, saying their demands and ac­ . The same is true of buildings and tions were "totally justified." windows in other housing units further Remus Smith, a member of the new­ down the street. ly formed community observation Black youth were observing the traf­ group, explained that "the kids, the fic. They all had on red, black, and adults, everyone in the community has green armbands to identify them­ to organize. There is no war here,· selves as part of the observation yet. What this is is protection for the patrol. vigilantes and night riders have harassed Columbia Point community. older people and the kids. That's all."

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 5 'The grice has to be right' cause of world food crisis: profit By DAVE FRANKEL "It has not been our policy to use food as a politi­ cal weapon despite the oil embargo· and recent oil price and production decisions," President Gerald Ford told delegates of the United Nations General Assembly Sept. 18, as he attempted to blackmail them by the threat of precisely such action. Repeating his theme at the opening of theW orld Energy Conference Sept. 23, Fprd piously de­ clared, "When nations use their resources as politi­ cal weapons against others, the result is human suffering.," Despite these hypocritical homilies, the U.S. gov­ ernment has long used food as a political weapon. "Food is power," Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz told New York Times reporter William Rob­ bins in an interview this summer. Butz stressed "the diplomatic leverage that world dependence on American grain provides," accord­ ing to a report by Robbins in the July 5 Times. An example of U. S. policy in this area is that Drought victim searches for seeds. In eyes of U.S. food monopolies, famine is good for business. nearly one half of all U.S. aid under the so-called Food for Peace program went to the governments of Cambodia and South Vietnam in the year ens to make oil a fighting issue for some coun­ high demand drives up prices- and the capitalists ending in June 1974. Most of the rest went to tries before the Seventies end ...." said the editors have no intention of letting a few. tens of millions the dictatorship in South Korea. This "Food for of this financial weekly. of human lives stand in the way of a good profit. Peace" was then sold to the people of these coun­ "The threat of war against the producers by one The March 15 issue of Forbes, a business maga­ tries and the proceeds added to military budgets. or- more of the users," they continued, "will be a zine, lists the number-one "pitfall" that might under­ When the Allende government came to power in real one. until a bargain on oil prices is struck." mine the "rosy projections" of U.S. agribusiness Chile, loans for food were halted by Washington. But the threat of a world economic crisis was for 197 4 as "good weather conditions around the But now that a pro-imperialist junta of torturers · impending long before the changes in the price world ...." and book-burners has been installed there with CIA of oil in October 1973. In fact, the roaring world Food is now the largest single export of the U.S. help, the Agency for International Development inflation was first heralded by the rise. in food The value of U.S. food exports has jumped from estimates that $35-millio-n in loans out of a total prices. The United States is the world's biggest $8-billion in the fiscal year ending in June 1972 to of $50-million to all of Latin America will ·be food exporter, but there is no hue and cry from $21.3-billion in the year ending in June 1974. Fur­ going to Chile in the coming fiscal year. government and business for a reduction in these thermore, the U. S. food monopolies have control But while Washington's food-for-war program prices! of almost the entire world food market. They ac­ bolsters U. S. puppets, colonial countries wrestling Moreover, the U. S. is the leading world exporter count for more than 50 percent of the world's ·with famine get only token aid. Dan Morgan re­ of eight of the 20 raw material commodities whose wheat exports, 7 5 percent of its corn exports, 90 ported in the June 30 Washington Post, for in­ prices rose the most between 1970 and 1973. The percent of its soybean exports, and about 25 per­ stance, that "only $4.1 million in food giveaways American capitalists never viewed the tens of bil­ cent of its rice exports. is currently planned for the drought-stricken Sahel lions flowing into their coffers as a threat to the The degree of monopoly control of this export regipn in Africa- one-fortieth of the South Viet­ world economy. trade is indicated by the fact that one company, nam estimate." They never worried about the price of oil being Cargill, Inc., accounts for more than 22 percent too high either, until some of the profits began of U.S. wheat exports. Three large companies­ going to the producing countries. Now they are Cargill, Continental, and Cook-bought up 90 Cooperation- Ford style trying to blame the growing crisis of world capital­ percent of the 1972-73 soybean harvest. "The problems of food and energy can be re­ ism on the Arabs. A similar tactic was used in the solved on the basis of cooperation," pontificated 1930s, when the most popular scapegoats were the Ford to the UN delegates. "Jewish bankers." But the real thrust of his message was a crude As for the "cooperation" that Ford has in mind, U.S. food policy threat to the Arab and other oil-producing na­ it means the cooperation of the rest of the world These food monopolies have benefited immensely tions. In a Sept. 20 editorial the Christian Science in continuing to enrich U. S. corporations. The from the notorious government payments for keep- · Monitor tried to justify Ford's ultimatum. U.S. capitalists have no intention of making any ing land out of production. Other government aid "His tough address at the United Nations reflects sacrifices in the interests of world economic sta­ included the practice of maintaining high food Washington's concern about a possible world eco­ bility. That's for others to do. The alternative, prices through price supports. The government nomic crisis brought on by high oil prices," write Ford explained, is "confrontation." would buy up "surplus" agricultuz:al produce when the Monitor editors. They claim that the money the market price fell below a .certain point, and flowing into the Middle East "threatens to under­ either destroy it or stockpile it. The "Food for mine the international monetary system and upset Reaping the harvest Peace" program originated as a way of getting the world economy." The unheard-of profits that U.S. oil companies some benefit out of this stockpiled food. An even more belligerent note was struck by pumped in during the past year have tended to In view of this artificial price-support policy, Business Week Sept. 14 in a special issue eval­ overshadow the equally enormous profits being Henry Kissinger's complaint at the UN General uating the prospects for the 1970s. "The disruption harvested by U. S. agribusiness. The famine in Assembly Sept. 23 strikes an especially ironic note. of the whole international payments system threat- Africa and India is good for business-because "Unlike food prices," said Kissinger, "the high cost of oil is not the result of economic factors, of an actual shortage of capacity or of the free play of supply and demand. Rather it is caused by deliberate decisions to restrict production and maintain an artificial price level." The U.S. policy of curtailing food production CARE·s solution for hunger in order to keep prices up coincided with a particu­ The picture of hungry children around the world larly poor world harvest in 1972, creating world reaching out for CARE packages from the United food shortages and soaring prices. In the face of States is a familiar one throughout the country. booming prices, U. S. agribusiness sought a tem­ But a different picture is given by a report in the porary suspension of most government programs May 26 Boston Globe by William Drummond. aimed at limiting food production and stockpiling "After 25 years of watching India's population "excess" supplies. They wanted a free hand to grow unchecked," writes Drummond, "a number of exploit the favorable market. agencies are asking whether it makes sense to As a result, U. S. grain reserves have been save thousands of children who will only add to largely liquidated, shrinking to about 27 days of the population explosion. world consumption compared to 66 days in 1972. The government's attitude was revealed last year "In a confidential report by CARE, a nutrition­ at the hearings on the confirmation of Henry Kis­ ist said: singer as secretary of state. The following exchange "'It is a certainty that today in the Third World occurred between Senator Hubert Humphrey (D­ severe malnutrition is .the only remaining brake Minn.) and Kissinger: on the rate of population growth. In HUMPHREY: Would you initiate ... a discussion Drummond explains "The CARE report, which amongst the main exporting nations and the main officials said does not reflect policy but only a importing nations as to what we are going to do point of view, states that it is in India's long-term in the coming year to relieve conditions of human interest to discourage infant feeding programs misery and, in some areas, famine, in the light which do not guarantee concomitant reductions in Victims of hunger in India. report proposed of the world food supply situation? live births." infants starve-for 'humanitarian' reasons! KISSINGER: You know, Senator Humphrey, that your suggestion. runs counter to all our traditional

6 drive of American agribusiness attitudes with respect to agriculture. The culprit in the current famine is simply an The reason behind the fertilizer shortage was ex­ HUMPHREY: Correct. ·economic system geared to producing everything­ plained in an article in the April 4 New York World attention has been focused on the scourge including the basic necessities of life- for profit. Times: of hunger by the disastrous famine in Africa. In Speaking of the possibilities of increasing food "Fertilizer companies overexpanded during the Ethiopia alone estimates of the dead r·ange from production, one expert was quoted by New York nineteen-sixties to take advantage of the world­ 250,000 to 400,000. Times reporter William Robbins Aug. 25 as ex­ wide 'green revolution.' Fertilizer prices dropped Now the harvest in India has fallen below ex­ plaining: "Of all the factors involved, the major when manufacturing capacity outran demand. The pectation by an amount equivalent to the food one is economic- the price has to be right." companies stopped building new plants and cut needs of 50 million people for one year, mainly back on maintenance of the old ones. because Indian farmers were unable to afford the "When demand began to catch up with supply sharp increases in the price of fertilizer. On tor.o of Role of technology two or three years ago, the leaders of the indus­ this, Pakistan and Bangladesh have had the worst Those who try to blame hunger in the world on try remembered the economic pinch of the nine­ floods in their history. · population growth rely on the "common sense" teen-sixties and balked at spending more millions Even 'without such calamities, half of the world's argument that since the earth and its resources on expansion until they could be sure it would 3. 7 billion people live in perpetual hunger. The are finite, they can only support a limited number be profitable. They now seem to have overcome United Nations Children's Fund estimates that in of people. their fears." "normal" times there are some 10 million children The neo-Malthusians delight in drawing chilling While the use of fertilizer on crops in the under­ in the world in danger of dying from hunger at pictures of a standing-room-only world. They con­ developed world yields at least twice as much any given moment! jure up a new "yellow peril"- the 800 million peo­ grain as the use of extra fertilizer on American "The underpinning of the calamity is fairly clear," ple of China, we are told, are adding 13.3 million said the editors of the New York Times July 9. people a year to the population of the world, not "lt is an implacable increase in the demand for to mention the 12.8 million a year being added by food." India. The argument that the world faces a crisis be­ They never mention that the population density cause of overpopulation is being pushed from all of India-44 7 people per square mile- is less sides. The UN has named 1974 as "World Popula­ than that of Italy, with 469 per square mile. The tion Year," while the capitalist press has almost population density of China stands at 217 per unanimously declared that the food problem is square mile-compared to 247 for France. The caused by too many babies. Malthusians never seem to worry about the teem­ This Malthusian explanation for the world food ing millions in West Germany and Great Britain, crisis has the advantage of exempting the capital­ whose population densities are 621 and 594 per ist system from blame- a point that Nathaniel square mile, respectively. Reed, an assistant secretary of the interior, took The question of how many people the earth can pains to stress in the Aug. 5 New York Times. support comfortably is a problem of technology. "Given the staggering growth rates of techno­ The April 20 issue of the British financial weekly, logical- and population-based problems," wrote the Economist, points out, "There can be no doubt Reed, "I suspect that within a decade all will realize of the world's ability to feed itself: 55 per cent of that the main problems of the environment do not. the developing world's arable land is not even arise from temporary and accidental malfunctions under cultivation, and that which is still produces of existing economic and social systems." extremely low crop yields." The problem, in Reed's words, is ''too many Furthermore, the amount of land considered people have been making dem~nds which cannot arable is constantly ·rising. Since World War II be met. ... " agronomist8 have doubled their estimate of land available for food production as a result of factors Food and population such as better understanding of tropical soils. And But let's take a closer look at tlie argument that this leaves out food production methods that have hunger is due to excess population. been scarcely developed at all, such as fish The truth is that the problem facing the masses breeding. This Texas fertilizer plant was shut down in 1973 be­ of people in the underdeveloped countries is not In the U. S., the most productive agricultural cause it wasn't profitable enough. that there is not enough food, but that they do area in the world, there is more unused acreage not have enough money to buy the food they need today than there was 50 years ago, because of the on the capitalist market. . increase in abandoned farms. Between 1951 and 1971 world production of· crops, farmers in the U. S. are able to pay more wheat, rice, and corn doubled. In the same period Capitalist business cycle than farmers in India. They get the fertilizer that·

the population increased by less than 50 percent. Although the immediate world food situation I is available. ("Food and Population" by Roger Revelle, in the has been exacerbated by natural disasters, it can­ And for every dollar's worth of fertilizer that September 1974 Scientific American.) not be emphasized too strongly that the current countries like India are unable to buy this year, During this period of expanding food produc­ crisis is a classic example of the capitalist business this will have to buy at least $5 worth of food tion, the acres under cultivation in the U.S. de­ cycle at work. from U. S. agribusiness next year. creased from 345 million in 1950 to 296 million After years of overproduction of food- from the The final catch in this cannibal setup in which in 1972. standpoint of profitable sales-U.S. production the rich feed on the poor and the poor eat nothing And the increase in world food production rela­ cutbacks finally coincided with a bad harvest was described by Juan de Onis in the Sept. 22 tive to population has continued up to the present abroad. The disastrous effects of this crisis are New York Times. He explains that "the reduction time. Per capita food production has exceeded the real, but they were no more inevitable than was in fertilizer consumption will particularly endanger average amount produced during the years 1961- the energy crisis. food supplies, since export crops such as cotton 1965 every single year since 1970. The worst year, An even clearer example of this is seen in the are more profitable:" 1972, saw per capita world food production at 1 world fertilizer shortage, which has been another More than 80 years ago Frederick Engels wrote, 105 percent of the 1961-65 average. (Food and element in the food crisis. This shortage was the "The splitting up of society into a small class, Agriculture Organization monthly bulletin of Agri­ principal reason for the seven-million-ton shortfall immoderately rich, and a large class of wage­ cultural Economics and Statistics, April 1974.) in India's wheat harvest this spring. laborers devoid of all property, brings it about that this society smothers in its own superfluity, while the great majority of its members are scarcely, or not at all, protected from extreme want. "This condition becomes every day more absurd and more unnecessary. It must be gotten rid of; it can be gotten rid of." His words were never more timely. The land and factories that the people of the world depend on for life itself must be taken out of the hands of the giant corporations and agri­ businesses whose sole concern is profit. They must be run. in the interests of the vast majority of humanity, as part of a worldwide plan decided on democratically by the masses of working people the world over. The system of private ownership and private profit, of the exploitation of the weak by the strong, and of cutthroat competition, must be done away with. It has already led to two world wars and to worldwide economic crisis, and it threatens to lead to a new catastrophe even worse than those we have seen in the past. · Harvesting wheat in China. Malthusians paint specter of 'yellow tide' overwhelming the earth, but population What is needed is nothing less than the socialist · density of China is one third that of Great Britain. reorganization of society.

THE MIUTANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 7 .. _... '"""" /.·· 'WoUnded Knee jurors protest frame-up, demand end to victimization of Indians By LEE GEARHART major political trial in the last few ST. PAUL- Seven of the jurors and years end in an acquittal or a hung three of the alternate jurors in the jury. Wounded Knee trial have signed a It is an illustration of the radical­ strongly worded letter to U.S. Attor­ ization taking place in the society at ney General William Saxbe asking large, and an indication .that jurors, that all charges be dropped against whatever their backgrounds, are less all defend ants arrested during last and less likely to stomach the illegal year's protest on the Pine Ridge In­ acts of government agencies like the dian reservation. FBI, which trample on basic civil The jurors, with others, have formed liberties in an effort to get political a committee to organize support for activists convicted. dismissal of the charges. Five of the jurors .attended a meeting Sept. 23 to discuss how to organize the effort. Why does gov' t lose? The Wounded Knee jury never The government recognizes the sit­ reached a verdict in the case of Amer­ uation it is in. ican Indian Movement (AIM) leaders On Sept. 17, Attorney General Saxbe Dennis Banks and Russell Means. De­ ordered a Justice Department study liberations were halted and the trial of the Wounded Knee trial and similar abruptly came to an end Sept. 16 political prosecutions lost by the gov­ when U.S. District Judge Fred Nichol ernment. dismissed the charges against the two Wounded Knee jury panel. In letter to Attorney General William Saxbe, 10 of the According to Deputy Attorney Gen­ men, citing government misconduct jurors said, 'we could not have voted to convict the defendants on any of the eral Laurence Silberman, "It is a study throughout the trial. charges ... .' not designed to apportion blame, but "This jury is going far beyond say­ rather to teach us if there is a way to ing 'not guilty,'" says defense attorney better handle these kinds of trials- I Mark Lane. response was comprised of five wit­ Chief prosecuting attorney R. D. mean the kinds where defendants as­ He said the jurors were not activists nesses." Hurd had told the press when Cherrier sert a political cause as part of their before the trial, but "they are becoming became ill that he believed that she trial." active for the first time." 'Drop the charges' .was "a convicting juror" and that he A United Press International dis­ The new committee for dropping the "In our view, a government that thought she was key to obtaining con­ patch further quoted Silberman as charges is called Jurors and Others cannot, in an eight-month trial, pre­ viction of Banks and Means. The gov­ for Reconcillation. Lane said that the sent enough evidence against the two ernment eventually decided not to ac­ group is preparing for a meeting with leaders of the Wounded Knee siege cept an 11-member jury but to instead Mark Lane, a defense attorney Saxbe in which prominent religious to secure a conviction on any count, seek a mistrial. for Dennis Banks and Russell and trade-union leaders, academics, should for moral and ethical reasons Judge Nichol responded by drop­ Means in the Wounded Knee drop the criminal charges against all ping the charges. trial, will appear at the Twin Join the fight to get the charges the other Indian people and their sup­ According to Lane, Cherrier told Cities Militant Forum Oct. 11. He porters. him that she wanted to be the first dropped against all the Wounded "Since the two leaders were guilty of juror to sign the letter so that Hurd will speak on the recent trial vic­ Knee defendants. Send a tele­ Iio crime we believe the others should would never again say she's "a con­ tory and the struggle to get the gram or letter urging dismissal not be prosecuted for following them. victing juror. n charges dropped against all the of the charges to Attorney Gen­ It is in the spirit of reconciliation and Cherrier, as it turned out, was for Wounded Knee defendants. The eral William Saxbe, Department redemption that we urge you to respect acquittal of Banks and Means on all forum begins at 8 p.m. at Skog­ this suggestion and to join with us five counts. of Justice, Washington, -D. C. and other Americans in an effort to Among the jurors signing the letter lund Hall, 25 University Ave. Send a copy to Jurors and Others bind up the wounds that have been demanding that charges be dropped S. E., Minneapolis. for Reconciliation, Commodore caused by this, our longest and per­ were Susan Overas, a 19-year-ol4 col­ Hotel, 79 Western Avenue, St. haps our least honorable war." lege student; Joyce Selander, a young Paul, Minn. 55102. The first juror to sign the letter was woman who is a member of the secu­ saying, "If you look back over the Therese Cherrier, the juror whose sud­ rity force at Macalaster College in St. years, the last four, five, or six years, den stroke ended jury deliberations Paul; and .Maureen Connan, a 23- the Government's record in those members of Congress, and others will the day after they had begun. year-old librarian. kinds of cases in terms of winning join in supporting dismissal of the Lane said the jurors have divided and losing is not so good. charges. No date has been set for up committee tasks, with one juror "The Attorney General wants to do the meeting. calling religious leaders, another juror all that we can to make sure that we About 100 persons still face calling people in the academic world, are as well prepared as we can be in frame-up charges stemming from the and another calling public figures for trying such cases without implying Wouqded Knee action, which took support. fault on those trying such cases." place from Feb. 27 to May 5, 1973. Lane said that Banks and Means This is fancy language for saying Among those charged are Clyde Belle­ were getting in touch with tribal chair­ that the government is trying to find court, Stanley Holder, and Carter men and traditional chiefs for the up­ new ways of covering up its illegal Camp, who . face a series of felony coming meeting with Saxbe. methods and basic objective of driving counts. At the Saxbe meeting the demand groups such as AIM out of existence. will be made that "all the charges be That the government has no inten­ dropped and, that there be a whole tion of changing its ways was evi­ Jurors' leHer new approach to Indians in this coun­ denced two days after the charges were The letter to Saxbe by the jurors try," Lane said. dropped when the Justice Department observes that they were originally The jurors group developed out of named R. D. Hurd and Richard chosen because of their impartiality. a discussion several defense lawyers Gienapp, the two main prosecuting ."Possibly more than any other had with three of the jurors in the first attorneys in the Wounded Knee trial, group of citizens, we've had the op­ hours after Judge Nichol dismissed as among the 10 top U. S. attorneys portunity to hear the facts and judge the charges. The jurors' decision to in the country. them," the letter says. join the fight in support of the remain­ Ironically, in dismissing thecharges, "As you know," the letter continues, ing Wounded Knee defendants is Nichol had accused Hurd of deceiving "we voted unanimously to acquit both especially significant because the him, of negligence in his performance the defendants of the charges of con­ Wounded Knee trial was a frame-up, as a government attorney, and of put­ spiracy. and the government was out to select ting the goal of gaining a conviction 'We think it is important for you to a jury that was leas~ disposed to sup­ ahead of seeing that justice was done. know that while all the jurors under­ port an action like the Wounded Knee Nichol also indicated that the govern­ took their obligations very seriously seizure. ment had fabricated evidence and while we were a jury, some of us be­ Prosecutor Hurd admitted earlier bribed a witness. lieve that our obligations continue. It that the U.S. Attorney's office used The jurors, meanwhile, are pressing is for that reason we have written this its staff to run checks. on potential ahead to get the entire Wounded Knee letter." jurors. frame-up ended. The jurors continue: "We the under­ The government attempted to learn Last February, Mark Lane, speak­ signed wish you to know that we any sympathies the jurors might have, ing at a Militant Forum in Minneap­ could not have voted to convict either and if there was any indication they olis, predicted that the jurors in the of the two defendants on any of the might be likely to acquit, the govern­ Wounded Knee trial would become a charges and that we would not have ment challenged them. "runaway jury," not only acquitting voted to convict because each of us the defendants, but going on to con­ concluded that there was not enough The Wounded Knee trial jury is the vict the government for its crimes evidence to do so in spite of the fact latest and most extraordinary exam­ against American Indians. that the government presented evi­ ple of the "revolt of the juries," a recent Seven months later, Lane's predic­ dence for 98 days and the de(endants' trend that has seen virtually every tion is starting to come true.

8 Socialists blast~common,Cause stand.on disclosure of campaign contributor lists By ROBERT SPENCER party has adequately proven, in hear­ cision is expected soon. In hundreds names will be put in the FBI com­ Placing itself in opposition to broad ings before the commission, a pat­ of pages of documents and ·15 hours puters, or whose jobs may be en­ civil liberties support for the Social­ tern of systematic government surveil­ of testimony, the socialists have shown dangered, or whose phones may be ist Workers Party's challenge to the lance and harassment, and it says an that government attacks on their sup­ tapped- all of which is going on right disclos,ure provisions of the campaign exemption is unnecessary since the porters meet the law's requirement for now." "reform" laws, Common Cause has de­ SWP has an "adequate alternative rem­ an exemption. Although subpoenaed ACLU staff counsel Joel Gora, one manded that the Minnesota Socialist edy" in its suit seeking an injunction by ·the commission, the FBI refused of the attorneys in the suit against the Workers Campaign Committee be against illegal government surveil­ to testify at the hearings to respond federal campaign law, said, "There forced to hand the government a list lance. to the SWP's charges. has been no decision in the SWP's of its contributors. The Minnesota socialists have re­ suit against federal government ha­ In a letter .submitted to the Minne­ fused to comply with the campaign rassment, and even if there were a sota State Ethics Commission, Com­ law on the grounds that to turn over 'Sinister forces' complete victory in that case, the ha­ The Common Cause letter, signed mon Cause argues that the rights of lists of contributors would expose cam­ rassment could continue from other by associate general counsel Kenneth paign supporters to spying and at­ sources. It just makes no sense to tempts at intimidation by the FBI and Guido, argues that an exemption for hinge an exemption on a possible fu­ other government agencies. The FBI the SWP would lead to loopholes ture decision." "through which powerful and some­ has admitted that it spies on and at­ Th.e SWP candidate for governor· of times sinister forces in our society tempts to disrupt the SWP. The ad­ Minnesota, Jane Van Deusen, said she [could] use money to corrupt the po­ missions came as the result of a suit plans to answer the Common Cause litical process." Guido also expresses against the government attacks, filed letter at the next hearing of the Ethics doubt that there is conclusive evidence by noted constitutional attorney Commission. of harm done the SWP and its sup­ Leonard Boudin. This suit is being "Common Cause," she said, "turns porters by government attacks. supported by the Political Rights De­ things on their head when they argue In the letter, Guido asserts his op­ fense Fund. that protecting our rights would weak­ position to government harassment en the law. Any law that violates con­ of the SWP, but adds, "Since there are Nationwide challenge stitutional rights deserves to be weak­ other means available to terminate The socialists have launched a na­ ened!" the FBI harassment to which the So­ tionwide challenge· to the campaign Van Deusen called for a national cialist Workers Party claims it has disclosure laws. The American Civil effort to win a reversal of the Common been subjected, its request for an Liberties Union (ACLU) filed suit Cause position. "I'm sure many mem­ exemption, if based solely on these Sept. 10 against the Federal Election bers of Common Cause will be strong­ grounds, should be denied." Campaign Act on behalf of Socialist ly opposed to the position taken by Workers campaign committees around Syd Stapleton, national s.ecretary of their organization, as will many other the country. A similar suit has been the Political Rights Defense Fund, defenders of democratic rights. We in­ Socialist candidate launched against the state disclosure answered this contention by explain­ tend to ask Common Cause members calls for national effort to win reversal law in California, and challenges are ing, "The fact that the SWP has filed and others around the country to urge of Common Cause stand. being prepared in several other states. a suit against government harassment the national leadership of Common The Minnesota law allows exemp­ doesn't mean that the harassment has Cause to reverse its position on the tions from the reporting requirement been stopped. Our suit has already SWP challenge." contributors to SWP campaigns should if a commission determines that rights been in the courts for 14 months, and "I believe," she added, "that these be subordinated to the need to in­ of contributors would be violated by the government is stalling at .every laws won't stop the corruption in cap­ form the public of the source of cam­ disclosure. A number of prominent turn. There's no telling how long it italist politics any more than the 1971 paign funds. figures Jn the Black, labor, and radi­ will be before we get a ruling. What campaign "reform" law stopped Water­ Common Cause, a liberal reform cal movements have backed the SWP's is the SWP supposed to do in the gate. But I urge everyone, regard­ group that calls itself a "citizens' lob­ request for exemption from the Min­ meantime?" less of their position on the laws, to by," contends that exempting the SWP nesota law. "In this case," Stapleton pointed out, oppose their use against parties that, would create "dangerous loopholes" in Hearings on the SWP's request have ''there is no 'adequate alternative rem­ like the SWP, are the targets of vicious the law. It also questions whether the been going on since July, and a de- edy' for those contributors whose and systematic government attacks."

Mexican lndegendence DaY. march 5,000 Chicanos in Denver protest repression By PETER SEIDMAN Francisco Dougherty, the six activists DENVER-As district judge Joseph killed in Boulder, Colo., last May, Lilly opened proceedings in the frame­ in two murderous explosions. up trial of Gary Garrison, 5,000 Chi­ There were also contingents from canos gathered outside the city and the Youth Employment Service; the county building here to demand jus­ National Chicano Health Organiza­ tice for Garrison and other victims tion; the Congress of Hispanic Edu­ of racist oppression. cators; La Rasa Head Start; the Pin­ Garrison, an activist in the Crusade to (prisoners) program; a girl scout for Justice, is facing frame-up charges troop; West, Manual, Kennedy, and of first-degree arson, criminal mis­ East high schools; the Chicano W el­ chief, and conspiracy for allegedly fare Rights Organization; the Chi­ throwing a bomb through a paint­ cano Studies Department and MECHA store window last January. chapter from Metropolitan State Col­ l.ege; the United Farm Workers Union; The opening of the trial coincided and others. with a march and rally held to mark In face of wide support for the dem­ Mexican Independence Day, Sept. 16. onstration among Chicano students, Demonstrators handed out tens of the school board agreed to excuse stu­ thousands of a special issue of the dents to participate. A large portion of Crusade for Justice newspaper, El the marchers were high school stu­ Gallo, which explained Garrison's dents, although demonstration orga­ Militant/Frank lard case, as they marched through down­ nizers noted that a significant number Rally at state capitol demanded justice for Gary Garrison, who faces frame-up arson town Denver on their way to a rally of older Chicanos-more than in pre­ and bombing charges. at the state capitol building. vious such actions- participated. The marchers were greeted with ap­ At the rally, Crusade for Justice plause and many clenched fists from leader Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales ex­ going struggles of both Chicanos and murdered people in Bolivia and Chile thousands of spectators who lined the plained that while Sept. 16 is cele­ mexicanos. and South Mrica. The people who streets along the route of march. brated in Mexico as "independence" Gonzales explained how at last run Guatemala are trained by Rocke­ A large number of floats and ban­ day, the people of Mexico are not year's rally Crusade speakers had feller. Standard Oil is owned by Rocke­ ners in the march indicated the many really free. Although there is formal said that Nixon was a crook. "Now feller. organizations in the Chicano commu­ independence, he explained, the Mexi­ these politicians all admit it," he said. "And who appointed Rockefcller? nity participating in the action. A con­ can government is a repressive one "Now Nixon is a pardoned criminal." Ford! How would you like the head tingent of more than 300 people that cooperates with the exploitation Gonzales blasted Secretary of State of your household to be appointed marched behind a large float from of Mexico by U.S. imperialism. For Henry Kissinger and vice-president­ by a criminal guilty of obstructing the Crusade for Justice; they carried this reason organizers of today's designate Nelson Rockefeller. "Don't justice?" signs commemorating Florencio Gra­ march, Gonzales said, had decided be awed by talk about Kissinger," Arturo "Bones" Rodriguez, candidate nado, Reyes Martinez, Heriberto Te­ to call it Mexican Liberation Day, in he said. "Kissinger was bred by Rock­ of La Raza Unida Party for the Colo­ ran, Neva Romero, Una Jaakola, and order to draw attention to the on- efeller. And Rockefeller's family has Continued on page 30

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 9 Interview with Leonard Boudin Defense attorney discusses outlook By CINDY JAQUITH What are the prospects for the fight to defend democratic rights in the post-Nixon period? The outlook is optimistic, says Leonard Boudin, the most widely acclaimed civil liberties attorney in the United States today. In a recent interview with The Militant, Boudin discussed the impact of Watergate on the climate for civil liberties and on cases such as the suit against illegal government surveillance, being con­ ducted on behalf of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and Young Socialist Alliance (YSA). Boudin, the general counsel for the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, is well­ known for his role as attorney for the defense in numerous government frame-up cases, including the Pentagon papers trial, the Harrisburg Seven case, the trial of Dr. Benjamin Spock, and the Fort Jackson antiwar Gls case. In the current suit filed by Boudin on behalf of the SWP and YSA, the socialists are demanding an injunction against illegal government surveil­ lance and harassment, and $27-million in BOUDIN: 'In 1974 we are in a healthier situation for defending democratic rights.' damages. The SWP and YSA cite a broad range of government assaults on their rights, including against the left in the last two years. In most of "The veterans are supposed to admit they were mail tampering, wiretapping, burglary, police in­ the cases now, the Nixon administration is pro­ bad," explained Boudin, "and by veterans I mean filtration, and bombing. The Political Rights De­ tecting itself against conspiracy charges," Boudin veterans of the war that the administration con­ fense Fund is organizing support for the suit. said. ducted against them. They're supposed to g-o into Working with Boudin on the case is attorney "So overall," he continued, "we have a better service of some kind, in addition to the years they Herbert Jordan, who was also interviewed by The situation. Legal action like the Socialist Workers spent abroad or underground. Militant. Party suit against government attacks, and the "Mr. Nixon, on the other hand, is supposed to "In 1974 we are in a healthier legal situation suit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union get $!-million a year. Those are the conditions. than we were in during any of several years pre­ to exempt the SWP from campaign disclosure laws, It doesn't seem equal." ceding," Boudin said. ''When I think of the Har­ and very important." Perhaps, Boudin speculated, "we may find Nixon risburg Seven case in 1971- how macabre that The outrage over Ford's pardon of Nixon has will be ambassador to South Vietnam before we're whole thing was- or the attacks on freedom of only increased public support for challenges to through. He may be in charge of the tiger cages." the press by Nixon and Agnew, I don't think the the government's attacks on democratic rights. situation is anywhere near as bad now as it was Boudin commented on the pardon, noting that Ford's pardon of Nixon was so universally then. n he and other lawyers in his office have studied condem.1ed that even Ford's press secretary, J. F. Today the great majority of people are repulsed the question of presidential pardons extensively terHorst, felt compelled to resign. Boudin noted by government wiretapping and use of agents pro­ in connection with another case, that of former that this was the second time terHorst had refused vocateurs. "Eight years ago, perhaps 20 percent Teamsters president James Hoffa. to go through with a White House ploy. The first would have opposed these things," Boudin said. Boudin is representing Hoffa in a suit to over­ was when he refused to print a slanderous article turn a condition in his 1971 pardon by Nixon about Boudin that had been cooked up by the Gov' t on defensive that prohibits Hoffa from holding union office White House plumbers. "There has been a marked decline in the ag­ for 10 years. In July, U. S. District Court Judge TerHorst, then a reporter for the Detroit News, gressiveness of the government since Watergate John Pratt ruled against the suit and Boudin is was given a dishonest, redbaiting sketch of B'ou­ began. We have not had as many conspiracy cases now appealing the case to the U. S. Court of din by Nixon hatchet man Charles Colson. Appeals. "Nixon wanted to try to damage Ellsberg's im­ age by attacking me," Boudin explained. "I never Pardon & amnesty met Nixon. He had no particular concern with me, but his job, as he saw it, was to hurt Ells­ "When Mr. Ford announced to the Veterans of berg by attacking Ellsberg's lawyers." Foreign Wars his if!tention to consider amnesty The article on Boudin, drawn up in 1971 by for opponents of the war," Boudin said, "I be­ White House plumber E. Howard Hunt, called came very suspicious. I knew of nothing in his the attorney "famous and notorious for his ca­ past record to suggest such concern for people reer-long defense of the Communist Party, Castro who conscientiously opposed a war that almost Cuba, assorted spies, perjurers, fellow travelers, everybody now recognizes was immoral, illegal, conspirators, agitators and violent revolution­ and destructive. aries." "I believed then and I'm now confirmed in my belief that it was what we call a stage set- a stage Slandered as Soviet agent set created as background for the Nixon pardon." Hunt even went so far as to make the absurd "Compare the conditions for those people who charge that Boudin is an agent of the Czecho­ conscientiously objected to the war and the condi­ slovak and Soviet governments. tions that are 'imposed' on former president Nix­ The purpose of the memo, Boudin explained, on," said Boudin. "As far as I can tell, the only was to put across the idea "that I was a pretty condition imposed on Nixon was a negotiated dangerous fellow. If Ellsberg had hired me, well Victory for Wounded Knee defendants Means 'peace' between him and Ford. What they nego­ maybe there was something unidealistic about him." and Dennis Banks is one sign of changing climate for tiated was how 'contrite' Nixon would be- and "But that memorandum was never picked up civil liberties. we know how little contrition he has shown. by the press," he noted, a sign that such McCarthy­ He tactics have lost much of their appeal today. The Hunt memo on Boudin is just one of many documents unearthed by Watergate that have shocked the American people with the picture they Political Rights Defense Fund paint of the U. S. government. "I think we knew that underneath, the govern­ The- latest Watergate cover-up- Ford's pardon of the PRDF, send in the coupon below. ment was doing all these terrible things," Boudin Nixon- has made it all the more important to get commented 'but I don't think we realized the ex­ the word out on the socialist suit against Water­ Clip and mail to: Political Rights Defense Fund, tent to which it was documenting them! gate. The Political Rights Defense Fund (PRDF), Box 649 Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003. "In this sense, I was surprised by some of the which is backing this suit, needs your help. Telephone: (212) 691-3270. revelations that have come out in our SWP suit," he said. Through "discovery" motions, the attor­ The PRDF has been endorsed by several mem­ ( ) Enclosed is $ to help cover expenses. neys have forced the government to turn over bers of the Congressional Black Caucus; the Michi­ ( ) Please send me more information. several important documents on government ha­ gan Federation of Teachers; Olga Madar, presi­ ( ) Enclosed is $ for copies of A rassment. dent of the Coalition of Labor Union Women; Challenge to the Watergate Crimes ($1 each, or American Indian Movement leader Dennis Banks; 7 5 cents each for five or more). 'SWP Disruption Program' United Farm Workers president Cesar Chavez; Name ______and many others. These include a letter from former FBI chief Address ______The PRDF is publicizing the socialist suit and L. Patrick Gray, ordering a "mail cover" placed raising funds to cover the high legal costs of the City------State _____ Zip _____ on all correspondence to the SWP national head­ Phone ______case. For more information and to contribute to quarters, and documents on the "SWP Disruption Program," an operation initiated by the FBI in

10 Ex-Nixon aide tells of FBI for civil liberties today burglaries 1961. ernment to turn over this material. The judge The SWP Disruption Program was part of the will be asked to order the FBI and other gov­ notorious COINTELPRO ("counterintelligence pro­ ernment agencies to release documents relevant gram") operation also directed against the Black to the socialists' case. since1969 Panthers, student and antiwar groups, and the "The government has raised the objection that There is important new evidence that FBI bur­ Communist Party. there's no 'good cause' for them to produce the glaries against antiwar, Black, and socialistgroups The government has also admitted, in response documents," Jordan explained. "But it's difficult to did not end in 1969, as Nixon asserted, but have to· the socialist suit, that it has been conducting imagine materials more relevant to our suit than continued. electronic surveillance of the SWP at least since the 'SWP Disruption Program.' And we have no In secret testimony before the Senate Watergate 1945. FBI officials have conceded that their ag_ents other way of obtaining a copy-of this program, committee last May 7, J. Fred Buzhardt, a former regularly visit the employers, landlords, friends, unless we resort ·to emulating the government in White House attorney, revealed that the "black bag and relatives of SWP and YSA members. 'black-bag jobs' and 'surreptitious entries.'" jobs" have continued. The testimony was only "My guess is that over the next year we'll get The government also claims that to tur:ri over recently made public. more material," Boudin said. "I think this case the documents would expose "confidential infor­ Asked if he was "aware of any surreptitious is very important because it is an effective device mants." This argument is an admission that they entry or burglary" by government employees, Buz­ for forcing these documents out, quite aside from are spying on the socialists, in the first place. hardt replied ''yes," but refused to discuss the tar­ the question of injunctive relief and damages." Besides, Jordan pointed out, if all the govern­ gets of the break-ins. Herbert Jordan outlined the next immediate steps ment fears is exposure of its undercover agents, "They don't have anything to do with your case," Buzhardt told the senators. He said the break-ins in the suit. Nixon remains a defendant in the suit, why doesn't it release the documents with these he stressed. 'We sued him in his capacity as presi­ names blotted out? were "classified" and related to "national security." dent and in his individual capacity as a private These burglaries, he explained, have taken place citizen, Jordan explained. "He no longer enjoys Huston spy plan since Jan. 1, 1969, and were carried out by the the capacity of president, but he is still of course The SWP and YSA have also demanded the text FBI. The victims were not members of the news media, government officials, or candidates for pub­ a private citizen and the suit continues against him of the 1970 secret spy plan prepared by Tom Hus­ lic office, he said. as a private citizen. ton and approved by Nixon. The suit charges that The burglaries therefore were undoubtedly "Under the federal rules," Jordan continued, "if Huston's recommendations for burglaries, mail against radical groups, and indeed, many orga­ you sue a public official and he resigns from of­ tampering, police infiltration, and wiretapping have nizations, including the Socialist Workers Party, fice, his successor is automatically substituted. been used against the YSA and SWP. antiwar groups, and defense committees in "con­ Therefore, Ford has been substituted as a de­ Proof of this is the 1971 break-in at the Detroit spiracy" cases have reported political break-ins fendant in our case." SWP headquarters, in which political files were since 1969. Jordan placed little faith in Ford's recent claim stolen, and the much-publicized 1973 FBI inter­ that "illegal" surveillance has been ended. He noted ception of a letter to the SWP from Lori Paton, a Many of these burglaries occurred after Nixon that the government has always maintained that New Jersey high school student. approved the 1970 secret spy plan drawn up by Tom Huston. This plan specifically recommended spying on socialists and other dissenters is legal. When portions of the Huston plan were finally "surreptitious entries" against Blacks, antiwar groups, socialists, and others. Buzhardt's testimony, noted an Associated Press account, raises "new questions about Nixon's claim that [the) top-secret, intelligence gathering plan he approved in 1970 was withdrawn before it was implemented.... "The Senate Wafergate committee reported that it had found no documentary evidence of the with­ drawal and said it had obtained several memos suggesting that the plan was 'still quite alive' near­ ly two months after the rejection Nixon reported." Asked about Buzhardt's statements on FBI bur­ glaries, a Justice Department spokesman claimed, 'We don't do it." In a related development, the FBI has announced plans to step up its spying on radicals. In a Sept. 21 interview, FBI chief Clarence Kelley said he Nixon tried to damage Daniel Ellsberg's image by smearing Boudin, defense attorney in Pentagon papers case, would seek broader wiretapping powers from Con­ . as' Soviet agent.' gress in order to stop "political style bombings" by left groups. According to Associated Press, Kelley conceded But in any case, Jordan added, "everyone involved published this summer, the SWP and YSA were that increased wiretapping "could be considered by in this type of counterintelligence program seems listed among the targets of the spy operation. some as a threat to civil liberties. But he contended to feel that secrecy is a higher value than truth­ But Congress deleted the most damaging parts that the more serious threat to society by bombers fulness." of the plan, those that described the details of warranted the new legislation." past and present surveillance of each group. The specter of "terrorists with bombs" is the same 'James Bond image' Since this censored material is at the heart of justification used by L. Patrick Gray and J. Ed­ "In keeping with the James Bond image, I have the SWP's case, Jordan believes it will now be gar Hoover before him for the FBI's attacks on little doubt that FBI officials, for example, would easier to demand the release of this information. · democratic rights. Kelley is not really concerned lie under bath before they would reveal the secret Once the discovery issue is decided in the courts, with 'bombers"- several of whom have been ex­ operations going on. the attorneys will begin taking "depositions," the posed as FBI agents provocateurs-but with "They've done it in our case," Jordan said. "We sworn statements made before a trial, from people drumming up support for continued surveillance already have them in a clear misrepresentation. in the case. against political dissenters in the face of growing In their answers to our suit, the FBI stated that Some depositions may be taken sooner, from opposition to such secret-police tactics. ; the purpose of the SWP Disruption Program was to individuals such as the police officers who investi­ Kelley tried to convince reporters that "law en­ 'alert the public' to the ideas of the SWP. But one gated the 1971 Detroit burglary. The cops openly forcement has grown up." of the most recent FBI documents we received speculated that the break~in was "an FBI job." "We can act with discrimination," he claimed. from them states that the purpose of the program Afterwards, papers stolen in the robbery turned "We are responsible people and are not going to is to disrupt the party from within. The purpose up in FBI and Civil Service files. cause people to needlessly lose their rights." of 'alerting the public' was secondary to the more sinister purpose of actual disruption." This document and others received through the 'Extraordinary response' suit establish "a very important principle," Jordan The socialist suit, with its all-encompassing chal­ said. "The government has had a policy of at­ lenge to government attacks on democratic rights, tempting to curtail the growth of the SWP and has won widespread support from civil libertarians, YSA and to tear down some of the growth that Blacks, other radicals, and a growing number of had already been achieved. trade unionists. Commenting on the interest in the "This has been done through a program of dis­ suit, Boudin said, "I was surprised at the extraor­ crediting or smearing these organizations in the dinary public response we have had to this case, public eye, on the one hand, and on the other a response that has crossed all political and geo­ hand, by disrupting them from within." graphic lines. "No major lawsuit of this omnibus character The documents released· thus far, of course, has been brought by any other organiz~tion. Some­ merely scratch the surface. The government has how or other, this affirmative action by the SWP­ thus far rejected the demands of the SWP for those taking on the government on this broad scale­ memos dealing with the tactics of the disruption carries with it just the right appeal at the right plan, the projects initiated under it, the names time. of the FBI agents involved, and other relevant "I think the next year is going to be a hopeful data. one, both politically and for legal suits of this A motion will soon be riled to compel the gov- kind." KELLEY: 'Law enforcement has grown up.'

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1~74 11 In Our Opinion Let ten Ford's dangerous Growing criticism successfully, the organizers should Criticism is growing within the Chi­ have reached out to all teachers in­ cano movement against the reaction­ volved, provided adequate legal and stand on Mideast oil financial insurance against job and ary attacks on undocumented White House officials made it unmistakably clear this week Mexican workers by Cesar Chavez pay loss, and assured substitute that a highly dangerous turn has been agreed upon in U.S. and other officials of the United teachers that no action would be policy toward Middle East oil. Farm Workers. taken against them for support of the strike. It is neither fair nor cor­ Addressing a Detroit world energy conference Sept 23, Presi­ One reflection of this is seen in the Aug. 18 issue of El Sol de Tex­ rect to slap the hands of the substi- . dent Ford declared: "Sovereign nations cannot allow their tute and probationary teachers in policies to be dictated, or their fate decided, by artificial as, a Spanish-language weekly pub­ lished in Dallas and widely read in this manner. Failure of the strike rigging and distortion of world commodity markets.... many parts of Texas. to materialize was lack of proper "Exorbitant [oil] prices can only distort the world economy, The paper, which has supported organization, pure and simple. run the risk of worldwide depression and threaten the break­ the United Farm Workers' struggles, C.J.C. down of world order and safety." carries in translation two articles San Diego, Calif. These words are a declaration of intent of economic, polit­ from the Aug. 2 issue of The Mili­ ical, and ultimately, military warfare against the Middle East tant. One was the lengthy analysis oil regimes if they do not bend to U.S. pressure for lower by Miguel Pendas and Harry Ring prices at the wellhead. of Chavez's attacks on the undocu­ Humanitarian sensitivity They are also shot through with hypocrisy. mented workers. The other reported It has been our good fortune and President Ford neglects to mention that when the initial on the plans for the Aug. 31 Los to the betterment of our socio-politi­ Angeles antideportation demonstra­ oil price rises were announced a year ago Washington sup­ cal and economic education that we tion. have acquired access to a few copies ported them. In fact, there are plenty of good reasons to believe Nelson Blackstock of The Militant. that the drive for higher oil prices began on this side of the Houston, Tex. We must sincerely admit that we Atlantic, not in the Middle East have never before read a weekly Higher world prices of oil brought the highest profits on publication so thoroughly designed record to the U.S. oil trusts. to inform and educate the proletarian They permitted the ruling class to initiate a drive against and subproletarian people, and the ecology movement, paving the way for the Alaska oil Renewal bring the injustices and inhumani­ pipeline, the greater use of coal as a source of energy, and the Without my socialist newspaper I ties of the bourgeoisie to the sur- development of oil shale at exorbitant costs to taxpayers, not feel like I don't really know what's face for all to plainly see. Please to mention the environment. going on. I'd like to renew my sub­ know that you and your work are scription. appreciated by us and by all who And higher world oil prices sent into disarray U.S. im­ possess humanitarian sensitivity. perialism's major foreign rivals in Europe and Japan. They S.M. Monterey, Calif. 7ioo prisoners bolstered the dollar in world trade and finance. Maryland But this is also a time of profound crisis for the world capitalist system. Inflation of historic proportions is engulfing the major cap­ James P. Cannon italist nations. German student The death of James P. Cannon I am a student from West Germany Recession is underway in the United States; it is expected leaves me with grief, but also with soon in Britain and Japan; there is the threat of these re­ who has just arrived in the United a thankful feeling that he lived his States. A member of the Young cessions deepening into world depression. :whole life for the socialist future. Bank failures are appearing with increasing regularity. Socialist Alliance introduced me to In all the times of hardship and the American supporters of the These are not primarily caused by the flows of Arab oil isolation he never fell to the twin Fourth International and also to evils of discouragement and sec­ money but by the uneven rates of inflation between capitalist The Militant. I am going to sub­ tarianism. Because of that the Social­ countries. ·''Hot money" from all sources, not least of all from scribe to have weekly information of U.S. multinational corporations, flows in massive sums from ist Workers Party st~ll exists as a what is really going on. lively and growing force within our one nation to the next in a scramble for the highest immediate K.H. society. Future victories will all be profits. A sudden exit of funds from a weaker bank leaves it Cleveland, Ohio built on his perseverance as a lead­ in a shambles. er of the movement. That U.S. imperialism should now lash out against the Arab Reverend James Bradshaw oil countries testifies more than anything else to the deep ir­ Ranier, Ore. rationality of the world capitalist system. Proletarian unification There is a solution to higher world oil prices that would I wanted to write and thank The be rapid, practicable, and beneficial to the working masses San Diego teachers Militant staff for the great job it does. You can always count on The everywhere. This solution has not even been hinted at by a On Sept. 15, members of the San Militant to report the news as it single spokesman for U.S. capitalism in the series of pre­ Diego Teachers Association voted 2 summit conferences that has filled the news for the past two really is. to 1 not to strike. They settled for How disheartening it is to see the an 8 percent salary increase (they weeks: masses of people quibbling over Nationalize the oil industry; eliminate the profits of the were asking for 16 percent), a small religious differences, skin-color oil trusts; run oil companies for the benefit of the people concession on classroom size, and variances, and political biases (Dem­ rather than for the profits of the ruling class! the hiring of 16 additional full-time ocrat vs. Republican), while big The basic argument of the oil-producing, and other raw­ teachers. business and capitalism eat away at materials-producing nations in the economically underdevel­ Why did this happen when support our very existence. for the strike among teachers was so oped world is correct. Throughout the epoch of imperialism As the bourgeoisie decreases in widespread? A lot of teachers were size and the proletariat increases in prices of raw materials have been suppressed while the prices afraid of losing their jobs. of the basic commodities that these countries must buy from size and diversity, the common fate Last August, after several months and struggle of the entire proletariat the advanced capitalist countries have been rising. of unemployment, I was hired as a will provide the impetus for unifi­ The prices of vitally needed food, fertilizer, machinery for substitute in the San Diego city cation of us all. technological advance, which the underdeveloped countries schools. At the time, I was required Peggy Rabun must. import from abroad, are sweeping upwards iii the- in-. to sign a statement as to whether Jacksonville, Fla. flationary spiral. I'd be available to sub in the event The only way out of this stranglehold on countries where of a strike. Those who signed "no" millions of people are starving is to break the stranglehold · were promptly put on the uncoopera­ of imperialism. tive list. Those who signed "yes" were put on the active list. Debs & The Nation There is an exact parallel between the policies Ford pro­ Several probationary teachers par­ [A copy of the following letter was claims toward the oil-producing nations and the policies he ticipated in a ·one-day strike last submitted to The Militant. We pub­ is enacting against American workers. In both cases cap­ June. They received nasty letters lish it in the interest of historical italism tries to find room for maneuver by taking it out of from the school board stating they accuracy. Jean Y. Tussey edited the hides of the oppressed masses. had participated in an illegal action, Eugene V. Debs Speaks, published The answer in both cases is the same. that this fact would go on record in by Pathfinder Press, 410 West End the rule of the profit-gouging few over the working permanent files as a blemish on their Street, New York, N.Y. 10014. New records, and their pay for that day York, 1972. 320 pp. Paper, $3.95.] billions! would be docked. These teachers, Run industry for the benefit of the people in a democratical­ faced with another strike this fall, If the imaginary conversation be­ ly planned fashion! were understandably reluctant to put tween Samuel Gompers and Eugene These steps could prevent the capitalist system from hurtling their jobs on the line a second time. V. Debs in The Nation of Sept. 7 toward another economic catastrophe on the scale of the For the strike to have come off was meant to put the discussion of 1930s.

12 Women In Revolt Linda Jenness

"Labor in '74" in some kind of his­ ~A situation created by nature'? torical perspective- a useful and Feminists have long objected to sexist advertising. of the scientific community -but it didn't go over. worthwhile objective-the article was Complaints have been registered against demean­ Many readers protested, some even canceled their a total failure. ing television commercials where women appear so subscriptions. The reaction was strong enough that Debs's views and approach to the helpless that they can't even clean a kitchen sink the editor-in-chief felt another editorial was necessary problems of the labor movement at without Mr. Clean swooping in the window to give the next month. the beginning of the century are . them a hand. Lawsuits have been filed against the This time he used the "Who knows?" approach. He relevant today, and there is nothing degrading use of women to promote everything from argued that because there were a variety of opinions wrong with using the literary device airlines to Geritol. Protests have been held against about his editorial and the advertisements, the topic in the article as long as we don't beauty contests for "Miss U.S. Harvester," or "Queen was just too complicated to figure out. After all, '"The put words in his mouth that are of Corn Flakes," or whatever. message' is often in the mind of the beholder." totally inconsistent with his philos­ The fight has now reached into some of the sup­ The minds of the beholders are not so wishy-washy. ophy and his actions. posedly more "sophisticated" trade journals. Electron­ Here are some samples of the letters-to-the-editors of For the largest part of his long ic Design magazine, Irifosystems, and Digital Design Electronic Design and Digital Design. and active life, Debs was the great­ are all under the gun for allowing offensive adver­ e"I found the advertisement totally objectiona­ est organizer, agitator and educator tisements to appear in their pages. ble.... In these difficult social times, there is no ex­ for industrial and social democracy These journals are geared toward the predominant­ cuse for such flagrant disrespect for the rights of in this country. He was a prolific ly male engineering world. They are noted for ad­ women." speaker and writer. His central theme vertising electronic equipment decorated with near­ e"I am not generally a proponent of women's lib, was that we live in a class-divided naked women and suggestive headlines. but when I saw ... your printed circuit board society and that only when labor For more than a year a controversy has raged in ad ... my female temper was aroused." unites economically, in industrial the pages of Electronic Design about these advertise­ e"If your allowance of the Stanford Applied En­ unions, and politically, in its own ments. When the first reader wrote to the editors to gineering advertising was not offensive to all your working-class party independent of complain, they didn't take it very seriously. They readers, you can rest assured, it was to a number of the Democrats and Republicans, will ran an answer from the advertising agency that said, us. 0 0 0 we be able to move forward to re­ "Artists, sculptors, illustrators throughout the ages "Please be assured that your list of advertisers ... construct our sick society on a ra­ have admired the female form. Who are you and I will hear from at least one PhD design engineer who tional basis. to change all that?" is insulted." To conclude, as Albert Fried's Enough letters followed that the editor-in-chief of e"I have done a research project on' Treatment of article does, that the lesson of Debs's the magazine felt compelled to try to justify their ad­ Women in Technical Advertising' .... My audience life for labor today is the need for vertising policy. "It's certainly true," he wrote in an was both amazed and di!'gusted at the means to a "new radical coalition" in which editorial, "that in a magazine with a predominantly which the advertisers had gone to attract atten­ labor is a mere partner, or col­ male audience, a pretty girl has some attention-getting tion.... laborator, i~ a gross distortion and qualities. But this is a situation created by nature­ "Why are women pictured only as models and sec­ misrepresentation of everything he not by advertisers. H we are to reject the use of wom­ retaries in the ads? This only serves to label women stood for. It whitewashes the class­ en in advertising because they appeal to men, aren't in servile roles, to which I object. ... collaborationist policies of labor we declaring that nature has been naughty or care­ "As a future woman engineer, I suggest that both leaders like Gompers, which he less?" the advertisers and the editors consider carefully would condemn today as roundly Truly an amazing argument to be presented to part what they choose to represent them." as he did in his lifetime. But your readers don't have to take my word or Fried's for how Debs evaluated the labor movement and what he proposed to strength­ en it; they can read it for them­ i La Raza en AcciOn! selves, in his own words, in Eugene V. Debs Speaks, now available in a second printing from Pathfinder Miguel Pendas Press, New York. Jean Y. Tussey Cleveland, Ohio Teamster tops just want dues Truth Teamster officials have tried to justify their raids farm workers and the UFW to take up a collec­ I've enjoyed reading your paper. It on the United Farm Workers union by claiming tion _among hundreds of campesinos to pay funer­ certainly tells the truth about capital­ that Teamster contracts have more benefits. They al and burial expenses. ism and the class struggle. We also claim that the Teamsters union, being a power­ These are only two among many incidents, the shouldn't take for granted the ful and "experienced" organization, is better able to UFW reports, that show the cynical indifference of rights we have today because many enforce the contracts. the Teamster bureaucrats to farm workers. people have died for the benefits we The experiences of two farm workers in the Sa­ The same issue of El Malcriado examines a re­ enjoy. linas area in Northern California, as told in the cently signed sweetheart contract between the Team­ D. E. Sept. 5 UFW newspaper, El Malcriado, indicates sters and the Associated Farmers of California, which Champaign, Ill. such claims should be taken with a large dose of represents a number of apple growers. salt. The apple contract is full of worms. Most of its Santos Diaz, a tractor driver at the Western Ranch highly touted special benefits apply only to the rela­ Company in Castroville, was cheated out of nearly tively small number of permanent workers, mostly Needs The Militant $800 in wages by the company. It refused to pay Anglos. It contains an increase in hourly wages, but The Militant over the last few the higher wages and vacation pay called for in the mass of workers in this industry are paid by months has not only provided us the new Teamster contract. piece rate, which stays the same. with reading material, but also has When Diaz went to the Teamster office. for help, There is no protection against job loss through provided us with mind-opening news El Malcriado reports, he was given the cold shoul­ mechanization. and views. der. Not only that, says Diaz, but the Teamster The Teamster contracts do not include the union­ Besides opening up minds, The labor fakers told the patron to fire him because he controlled hiring halls established under the UFW. Militant also tears down walls, not was a troublemaker. Without a hiring hall the labor contractors, who do only the walls of prisons, but also Diaz finally turned to the UFW. It was through the the hiring, are free to discriminate against older the invisible walls of the capitalist union that he saw a copy of the Teamster contract and women workers. system. for the first time. Based on the terms of the contract, On pa-per, many UFW and Teamster contracts look The only thing left to say is we the Farm Workers appealed through the Salinas similar,. although there are some important bene­ need The Militant and the world Labor Commission and eventually Diaz got back fits missing in the Teamster deals. needs The M ili ta nt! wages totaling $758.40. Another big difference is that the Teamster bureau­ A prisoner The case of Luis Hernandez is equally revealing. crats are not interested in the workers' problems. law a "When 25-year-old lettuce worker· Luis Hernandez They identify more with the growers than with Chi­ died of a heart attack on Aug. 9," writes El Mal­ cano campesinos. The contracts are signed behind criado, "his body lay in a morgue for four days the workers' backs, and they are not familiar with awaiting burial because the Teamsters union he be­ the terms. The letters column is an open forum longed to refused to pay death benefits to his widow." By contrast, workers under UFW contract are fa­ for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ Hernandez had a weak heart but had to work to miliarized with the terms of their contracts. More eral interest to our readers. Please live. His job was one of the most demanding and important, they are involved in enforcing the con­ keep your letters brief. Where neces­ injurious that farm workers face. He was a lechu­ tracts. Election of ranch committees to process griev­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ gero- a lettuce cutter, working stooped over in the ances and enforce the contract are an important as­ dicate if your name may be used or sun long hours every day. pect of UFW organizing. if you prefer that your initials be used He gave his life working for the company, but But as far as the Teamster bureaucrats are con­ instead. the patrones were too stingy to pay for his burial. cerned, the only function of the campesinos is to The Teamsters wouldn't help. It fell to individual pay their $8 monthly union dues.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 13 The Great Society_ Harry Ring

Fresh insight- A recent Los Angeles prices have cut into the sale of gaso­ Operation Overspill- We recently re­ are used in the production of tobacco, Times headline advised: "Presidency line, reports the Wall Street JournaL ported that Los Angeles area dairy he said, and a substantial amount sur­ of Hoover Gains New Status." "Who would have believed that 55- interests .dumped 38,000 gallons of vives the burning process and is in­ cent gasoline would deter anybody "surplus" milk down the sewer. Ac­ gested with the smoke. Safe as the food you buy- Soil and from driving," asked one puzzled oil tually it was 420,000 gallons. This vegetation within a five-square-mile executive. was disclosed the same day the dairy­ We suspected as much- After study­ area of the Savannah River in South men applied for a new price hike. ing 5,000 young adults, a University Carolina is polluted by radioactivity. Meanwhile, in neighboring Rosemead, of California drug abuse expert re­ It's the result of waste discharged into Executive bouncers- Some 200 ma­ school children are now paying a ported that a wholesome upbringing, the riverby the Atomic Energy Com­ jor corporations are using t:lle services dime for an eight-cent half pint of including such things as school sports, mission's nuclear reactor plant there. of "outplacement consultants," spe­ milk. Officials explain they can't get scouting, and hobbies, has no ap­ A spokesperson conceded the level of cialists who advise and assist in the pennies to make change. parent effect on preventing subsequent radioac~vity was on the high side, frring of surplus executives. One such drinking problems. but assured that there was no danger outfit sagely advises against unduly Keeps the bugs out of your lungs­ to the public. generous severance arrangements. It's Cigarette smoke may be a major · Thought for the week- "When a man not only expensive but it "takes away source of exposure to pesticides, ac­ tells you he got rich through hard Must be outside agitators- Oil experts the man's urgency to find another cording to a University of Kentucky work, ask him: 'Whose?'"- Don Mar­ have been surprised to learn that high job." scientist. A wide variety of pesticides quis.

By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Black strikes in South Africa Labor rumblings and a Black strike wave made Star, said the wave of strikes was "well organised Following the wage hikes that were won after the the past few months a hot winter in South Africa. and disciplined and highly successful." He added 1973 strike wave, the government boasted to the The last major strike wave there was in early that the "consciousness among Black workers of world that apartheid wasn't as rigid as many 1973. Some wages were raised. their potential strength is building up by the day." people thought, and that if business made the ef­ So what was all the fuss about this time? He concluded that "wage rates and conditions fort, and the Africans were patient, Africans could Ask the women employees at Regent Neckwear of employment must be determined not by uni­ make more money and begin to catch up with Manufacturing in East London. They could tell lateral decisions of the employers, however en­ whites in wages. you. They get paid five rands a week..:... about lightened, but by a process of negotiation and A recent national report by a South African re­ $7.50. (One rand equals about $1.50.) bargaining between management and representa­ search frrm, however, sent a torpedo through that So strikes broke out in East London and Dur­ tives of the workers." boast. ban. And they struck sensitive chords within South He called for grooming "Black labour leaders Africa's ruling quarters on Black labor relations capable of inspiring confidence among workers The report, compiled by Market Research Africa, and Black wages. and management." (That's capitalist lingo for shows that about 90 percent of workers in agri­ grooming union bureaucrats capable of controlling culture, forestry, fishing, and mining are Africans. Harry Oppenheimer is one of South Africa's rul­ workers' militancy.) Africans are 70 percent of the population, but the ers who was doing a lot of the singing. Oppenheim­ Then in late August, he announced that his Anglo report found they make up 85 percent of the unem­ er, whose name is associated with gold and American Corporation would recognize and ne­ ployment rolls. diamond wealth, is a liberal-by South African gotiate with Black unions. The monthly family income for whites in South standards. In reaction to Black protest, he'll usual­ Commenting on this, the Star noted: "Where this Africa in 1962, the report says, was 258 rands. ly speak out about some of the most oppressive corporation leads, others tend to follow." But it For Africans it was 25 rands. But-hold your conditions of apartheid. reminded: "Anglo, in most of its enterprises, does breath- Africans had made a 120 percent leap in Confronted with the strikes, he spoke at a high­ not yet have any Black unions to deal with." wages by 1973, to 55 rands a month! And whites? level meeting of South African capitalists and cor­ By and large, Black unions in South Africa Simply up to 519 rands per month. porations managers to explain the need for a new are not recognized by employers, and the right Thus Africans still make only about one-tenth look at Black labor relations. of Blacks to strike is so limited as to be virtually that of what whites make, on the average. Oppenheimer, according to the Johannesburg denied. That's what all the fuss was about.

·National Picket Line Frank Lovell The working-class alternative in '7 4 The labor party idea is gaining support. the primary elections this year showed that many resent their union in public office try to win pri- When the thirty-ninth international convention voters are disillusioned, little interested in the mary elections in the Democratic Party. They lose of the 165,000-member United Electrical Workers choices offered by the parties of big business. because the Democratic Party does not welcome (UE) convened in New York on Sept. 9, the presi­ Those who went to the polls did so to register union candidates. It is run by trusted representa- dent, Albert Fitzgerald, called for the formation of their opposition to machine politics. They crossed tives of the employing class who are committed a labor party. out some old faces. But the new faces will sing the to the proposition that workers need representa- Many union officials will say privately that a same old free-enterprise tune with maybe a few tives in government, but should never seek to labor party is badly needed, but few have mustered new lyrics. represent themselves. the courage to speak out publicly for it. Millions of workers and poor people, joined by This myth that workers are not able to repre- Many working men and women are sympathetic sections of the middle class that are being crushed sent their own interests in government, or that the to the idea of a labor party and would like to vote by inflation, look for a genuine political change. basic needs of workers, who are the majority, are for a labor candidate with the prospect of electing They want to put candidates in office who will somehow opposed to the interests of "all the people," one of their own this fall. represent them against the bankers, the big monop- could be quickly dispelled by the election of a It is to the credit of Albert Fitzgerald that he is olies, and the repressive government. few union men and women on local labor party the first president of an international union in re­ The trouble is that the union movement, which tickets. It may be that this is the way a national cent years to identify himself with this general provides some defense against intolerable condi- labor party structure will begin to take shape. sentiment. tions in the workplace and usually tries to main­ The officers' report at the UE convention noted tain a living wage scale for its own members, has The endorsement of the labor party idea by that the Nixon administration led the attack not yet sponsored a labor party to fight against top union officials can help spur the movement at against the working class, "on the peoples' stan­ the deteriorating conditions of life for the vast ma­ all levels. It would also help if union officials dards and needs." But it added that ''the Con­ jority in this society. stopped pouring millions of dollars into the coffers gress-Democrats and Republicans alike-has As yet there are no worker candidates on the bal­ of the Democratic and Republican parties, and done precious little to oppose the plan or champion lot even at the district level, with the endorsement used that money to finance the campaigns of work­ measures to meet the peoples' needs." of their local unions, to challenge the antilabor ing-class candidates on the Socialist Workers Party Watergate has exposed the corrupt character of Democrats and Republicans. ticket, who are promoting the idea of a labor both old parties. The poor turnout everywhere in Union officials who think they are able to rep- party.

14 The teachers are proud of their strike and see it as a renewed link Teachers with a more militant heritage. In 194 7 they were the first teachers union to Striking strike in the post-World War II strike defeat wave. As of last week East Detroit was teachers the only AFT local on strike any­ injunctions where in the country. Nevertheless, AFT President Albert Shanker, in town fired in for a meeting with the MFT, declined in Detroit to walk the picket line with the teachers. Cleveland By NANCY BROWN &Wash. SEATTLE- Two teachers' strikes in CLEVELAND-Judge Daniel Corri­ By MIKE KELLY Washington ended in mid-September gan ordered the firing of 300 teachers DETROI.T- Three weeks into the with victories for the teachers. and assistants Sept. 18 as their strike school year, locals of the National In Tacoma, the second-largest against the Cuyahoga County Board Education Association (NEA) remain school system in the state, teachers of Mental Retardation entered its sec­ on strike in seven Michigan school won a 9.5 percent wage increase. ond week. districts. In Federal Way, located about 20 The county's schools for trainable Several face court antistrike injunc­ miles south of Seattle, gains included mentally retarded children have been tions similar to that slapped on the an 8.5 percent pay boost and a de­ closed since Sept. 10, when the Asso­ East Detroit Federation of Teachers crease in class size over the next two ciation of Cuyahoga County Teachers earlier. In the Crestwood district, years. Lasting 20 days, the strike was of the Trainable Retarded (ACCTTR) school officials announced plans to the longest school strike in Washing­ went on strike. fire 204 striking teachers. ton history. Demands include a 9 percent pay Meanwhile, 522 members of the East Teachers in both districts are repre­ increase, medical benefits, and better Detroit Federation of Teachers, Ameri­ sented by affiliates of the Washington equipment for the classrooms and the can Federation of Teachers (AFT) Education Association. 3,000 students. The teachers' starting Local 698, went back to work with Both school boards tried to break pay is now $7,500-$800 below what a new contract. the strikes with court injunctions and is paid to starting teachers in the pub­ The strikers had defied an injunc­ by bribing substitute teachers to scab. lic school system. tion levied by Macomb County Judge Substitutes were paid $42 a day, al­ Judge Corrigan had ordered the Hunter Stair. Stair had jailed six strik­ most 50 percent more than the usual Militant/Eric Simpson teachers back to work Sept. 12 on the ers and threatened to arrest the entire rate. In Tacoma a judge also levied Teamsters and meatcutters crossed retail basis of Ohio's Ferguson Act, which union if they were not back to work a $10 per teacher per day fine on the clerks' picket lines. prohibits public employee strikes. In by Sept. 23. teachers association. ordering all the teachers fired, Corri­ In response to this strikebreaking The teachers responded with large gan also instructed the board to hire attack, teachers from 15 locals of the picket lines. The Tacoma schools were all new teachers and assistants. The Michigan Education Association closed down after three days of at­ the Retail Clerks in Baltimore. board has announced that all (MEA) and the Michigan Federation tempted openings during which few According to Harry Carter, assis­ the schools will be open by Nov. of Teachers (MFT) marched in a students attended. The injunction was tant director of the RCIA, the officials 1 with scab teachers. spirited picket line Sept. 18 in sup­ withdrawn and the school board was of the four unions made an agreement Striking teachers interviewed by The port of the East Detroit teachers. forced to negotiate. with the food chains "to recommend Militant were indignant at the board's The picket line was endorsed by The Federal Way school board was the package to the membership and refusal to take their demands serious­ both the MFT and the Metropolitan a little more stubborn, escorting sub­ we did." ly. "There are a whole lot of things Detroit Council of the AFL-CIO. Both stitutes in on buses and attempting to When the members of Local 400 wrong with the way the schools are also endorsed and agreed to build a limit teacher pickets. But when school rejected the contract that their lead­ run," said one striker, "but the major mass labor support rally if Stair car­ bus drivers refused to cross picket ers had agreed to, the Meatcutters of­ aspect of our strike is the wage in­ ried through his threat. lines, and almost half of the district's ficials refused to allow their members crease, medical benefits, and better The support the local received students stayed home, the school to honor the picket lines. If Local equipment. On $7,500 we can't even proved sufficient to force the school board was finally forced to bargain 400 had won its demands, the officials feed our families." board to agree to a "fact-finder's" pro­ with the teachers. of the Meatcutters feared their mem­ Another teacher pointed out the lack posal to settle the strike. Up until A condition of both contracts was bers would demand renegotiation of of equipment. "Last fall we all voted then the board had refused to even amnesty for the striking teachers. their own contract. for Issue 10 [a county tax that was make an offer. The Teamsters union officials also supposed to provide up to $7-million The agreement includes a 7 percent helped break the strike by ordering for the Board of Mental Retardation wage increase, insurance and other their members to cross picket lines each year]. What did we or the kids benefits not previously included in and supply the stores. see of that? Almost nothing. We need their contract, a reduction in class The food chains launched a propa­ more assistants, more physical thera­ size from 32 to 29 in the lower grades, ganda attack on the retail clerks with pists, and more psychologists. and elementary "prep" time. This DC retail full-page ads in the daily press. These "There's at least $700,000 unac­ means that elementary teachers, over­ ads charged that the clerks had brok­ counted for," the teacher said. "We're whelmingly women, now have a en their agreement with the other talking about launching an investiga­ period without a class to prepare their clerks unions and were making inflationary tion. The other money went for more work. This has become a standard demands. administrators and new offices. part of contracts for many high school These price-gouging profiteers dem­ "They were supposed to use $300,- teachers, where men make up a great­ forced agogically accused the retail clerks 000 for hot-lunch programs for all er part of the work force. of imposing a hardship on ghetto res­ 11 schools," the teacher continued. "So idents by shutting down the stores. far most of the schools don't have The food chains began recruiting programs. I teach my students how back students as scabs and gradually re­ to cook- so we feed 90 students and opened their stores throughout the teachers every week. But the board city. won't allocate the money for a sink in to work The main weakness of the strike, my classroom. I've been washing the WASHINGTON, D. C.-Members of however, was the refusal of the Local dishes in a slop sink with the mops striking Retail Clerks International 400 officials to carry out a militant for over 10 months." Association (RCIA) Local 400 voted and aggressive policy. Despite the to return to work here Sept. 13, end­ shutdown of hundreds of stores over The strike has the support of some ing an eight-day walkout against six the· weekend, the union mobilized a of the parents, but has not been able to local food chains. scant 15 pickets at stores that were win the backing of the Cleveland Fed­ The clerks accepted the same con­ open. The union officials failed to eration of Labor ( CFL). The presi­ tract that 80 percent of them had re­ counter the l)ropaganda campaign of dent of the CFL is Frank Valenta, jected at a meeting Sept. 5. At that the store owners. who also sits on the Board of Mental time, the strike vote was carried over­ In the Sept. 13 meeting called to Retardation. Strikers have extended whelmingly against the advice of the revote on the contract, Richard Lewis, their picket lines from the schools to union leadership, who urged ac­ an international vice-president of the Valenta's home, demanding that he ceptance of the contract. RCIA, told the strikers to accept the and the CFL give support and help The contract grants a 15 percent three-year contract. win the strike. wage increase the frrst year and 4 ''You had better tighten your belt The teachers are continuing to hold percent in each of the two succeeding and get ready for a 10- to 12-week meetings and picket lines. All 300 years. strike," he warned. And if the clerks teachers and assistants in the program The main reason the contract was continued the strike, he said, they are out, and as one striker said, "We're initially rejected was the clerks' insis­ might be forced back to work ''with planning to stay out, to fight this in­ tence on a one-year contract as pro­ less than you've got now." junction until we get our wages in­ tection against inflation. Faced with this refusal of their lead­ creased and get some of that money The supermarket chains had nego­ ers to lead, and with scabbing by for equipment." tiated the same three-year contract their sister unions, the retail clerks With the help of parents, strikers Judge threatened to jail all striking teach­ with the Amalgamated Meatcutters in saw little alternative to accepting the have set up alternative schools for the ers in East Detroit. Washington and Baltimore and with contract. students in two locations.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 15 Socialists answer Ford 'summit' ~... entire system functions to 1 Continued from poge J were some unavoidable natural disas­ ter, like a hurricane or an earthquake. But it's not. It is based on the actions of human beings- producing, buying, selling. But in the capitalist system the consequences of these actions seem to be beyond human control. The speakers here have tried to hide what is happening. You talk about inflation as a problem facing ''the na­ tion" to hide the fact that ''the nation" is divided into classes, and one class is profiting from the misery of others. The buying power of the average worker's paycheck has been slashed, but corporate profits are at an all­ time high. You put the blame for inflation on the Arab oil-producing countries to hide the fad that U.S. oil companies control the world marketing of oil and are reaping the highest profits ever Faced with economic crisis, millionaire bankers and executives at Ford summit respond ... recorded. Now Ford and Kissinger have virtually threatened action against the Arab countries if oil prices government to give Pan American air­ "Overproduction" means the capital­ run it a lot better than it is run today. don't come down. President Ford, I lines a $10-million-a-month handout. ists have more beef than they can sell Under socialism, all the economic say if you're so worried about oil Just like the people who yelled loud­ at a profit, and they see a danger of decisions that are anarchic, un­ prices, nationalize the oil monopoly est about "crime in the streets" turned the price falling. So beef is withheld planned, and dictated by private prof­ and eliminate its profits. out to be the biggest crooks of all. from the market to keep the price up, it today, would be made democratical­ But the real problem isn't just the and Congress rushes through a $2- ly by the workers: what to produce, Greed and waste waste and luxury and hypocrisy of billion bill to subsidize livestock pro­ where to invest, what to build. You You have the gall to say the prob­ these rich parasites - disgusting ducers. They say if prices were al­ can be sure that if people were hungry lem is the 'high expectations" of work­ though they ar·e. The problem is that lowed to fall, the capitalists wouldn't somewhere in the world, food would' ers. You claim we have been eating the entire system functions to uphold have the profit incentive to produce be sent there- and not depending on too much meat, using too much ener­ the profits of the wealthy few above beef. Then there would be another whether they could pay the going gy, living too well. everything else. shortage and prices would skyrocket price. By providing an abundance of There is a group of people in so­ even higher. the world's goods for all, socialism ciety that is greedy, wasteful, and hog­ Artificial shortages The supposed free market where will open the way to the greatest ex­ ging more than their share of the na­ Artificial shortages and the constant prices are determined by supply and pansion of human freedom in history. tion's wealth-but it's not the work­ upward spiraling of prices are built demand doesn't exist any more. With ers. into the capitalist system today. Meat the monopolies controlling most in­ At the "presummit" meeting in De­ is just one example. dustry, prices go up but they don't troit a few days ago, someone figured Last year there was a shortage of come down. out that the combined salaries of the beef and prices went into orbit. Now Right now the demand for cars has Attacks on workers 41 executives in the room amounted to there is world overproduction of beef. fallen, and sales are way down, but All the plans of this conference go $50,000 a day. These are the people That doesn't mean working-class fam­ the auto companies just raised the in just the opposite direction. Let's who are telling us to tighten our belts. ilies have too much meat on the table. price of a new car more than $400. look at the major proposals being The same people who complain No, people are eating less meat, be­ They plan to profit by selling fewer put forward for the "fight against in­ about ,azy bums on welfare" want the cause they can't afford it. cars at higher prices. flation." First, higher unemployment. You have admitted there is no hope of con­ trolling inflation in the immediate fu­ ture. Your only promise is that if Destructive system production is cut back enough so that SWP leaders tour country No one else .who has spoken at this six or seven or eight million people Between now and the November in Vietnam, included on Nixon's conference has been able to explain are thrown out of work, maybe in­ elections the four cochairpersons of "enemies list." the reason for the economic crisis, flation will slow down in a couple of the Socialist Workers 1974 Nation­ • Peter Camejo, SWP candidate but we socialists can. We say the fun­ years. al Campaign Committee will con­ for U.S. Senate from Massachusetts damental problem is that this entire Mass unemployment- this incred­ duct speaking tours across the in 1970, debated his Democratic op­ capitalist system is bankrupt, out­ ible waste of human capabilities, con­ country. ponent Edward Kennedy four times. moded, decaying, destructive, and is demning vast sections of the popula­ Speaking on "Nixon's gone, prob­ • Maceo Dixon, longtime activist dragging the world to ruin with it. tion to a life of degradation and pov­ lems remain- Why 'the system' in the Black liberation movement, It is not only a question of the erty- is capitalism's only answer to won't work," they will urge support leader of protests against police economy. We live under the constant inflation. So with the approval of to the more than 125 candidates the brutality in Detroit in 1973. danger of nuclear holocaust, as the Democrats and Republicans alike, the SWP has fielded in 15 states and • Linda Jenness, SWP candidate arms race continues and wars break government will continue its recession­ the District of Columbia. The four for president in 1972. out in one 'hot spot" after another. ary policies to slow down the economy are: For more information contact So­ Meanwhile, unchecked pollution and force massive layoffs. • Debby Bustin, former national cialist Workers 1974 National threatens to make the world unlivable, The objection of many of you to coordinator of the Student Mobili­ Campaign Committee, P. 0. Box because there's no profit in pollution "tight money" only means you're zation Committee to End the War 482, New York, N.Y. 10011. control. afraid to slow it down too much- and The only answer to the crisis is the with good reason. The results could complete transformation of society­ include a wave of business failures the creation of a socialist world and even a world depression. To ac­ in which production will be carried tually stop inflation would require an­ out for human need, not private prof­ other depression. So what is really it. We are not interested in patching in store is the worst of both worlds: up capitalism. A system that allows more inflation and more unemploy­ starvation in the midst of plenty, that ment. forces people to go without jobs when Second, cuts in government spend­ there is useful work to be done, is ing. For years the capitalist propa­ worthless and should be scrapped. ganda mills have spread the lie that Humanity must abolish capitalism be­ workers' wage increases cause infla­ fore capitalism destroys humanity. tion, and you still sometimes try to In a socialist society, the basic maintain that pretense. But now, to means of production would be owned win public support for cutting the bud­ by the entire society. I'm not talking get, it is admitted that the real reason about people's individual belongings, for inflation has been the huge def­ such as cars, homes, or even small icits in the federal budget. Since 1965 businesses and farms. I mean the big the govermment has spent $102.9-bil­ banks, industries, railroads, and the lion more than it has taken in. Linda Jenness Peter Camejo giant farms. · This vast inflationary increase in Working people already produce all government spending went to pay for the wealth of this country- we could the Vietnam war and the Pentagon's

16 1phold profits of wealthy few' worldwide military machine. But the cuts will be in the pitiful amounts spent for human needs- welfare, So­ cial Security, schools, child-care cen­ ters, medical research, veterans' bene­ fits, mass transportation. More pollution Third, an all-out attack on pollution control and plant-safety regulations. The industrialists are going hog-wild over this. E. Mandell de Windt, chair­ man of the Eaton Corporation, says the government must "suspend legal regulations of Federal environmental and safety programs that impede in­ dustrial capacity." The chairman of General Motors demands a three-year freeze on pollution and safety regula­ tions. The chairman of Ford says "at least five years." "This is no time for an over zealous attitude" toward ... by telling workers and poor, like these New York welfare recipients, to 'tighten your belts.' pollution and safety standards, de­ clares the head of a big machine tool company. nounced as "inflationary," multi-mil- · There's a saying that figures don't Why? Because protecting the health lion-dollar giveaways to big business lie, but liars can figure. and safety of workers is not profit­ are politely called "tax incentives to able, and profit is the name of the The callousness and arrogance of increase investment." game. Dixon: a man like Greenspan are not just his Fourth, "increasing productivity." Who sacrifices? personal traits. They reflect the out­ This means jacking up profits by get­ look and interests of the racist capital­ There's been a lot of talk about ting more production out of fewer ist class that runs the government. "equality of sacrifice" in the "fight workers. It means speed up the assem­ Contrary to what Greenspan says, against inflation." It's a fraud all How bly lines, work harder and faster, ig­ it is working people, especially those around. None of these proposals will nore safety precautions. who are at the bottom- Blacks, Chi­ stop inflation. And the capitalists don't Fifth, more tax breaks for the rich. canos, and Puerto Ricans-who are intend to sacrifice one dollar. No, they While a tax cut for workers is de- suffering the most. demand more. workers Along with old people whose Social "Profit levels are too low," says the Security and pensions are'being eaten chairman of U.S. Steel. "We're going away by inflation; welfare recipients to have to improve our profit margins whose benefits are being cut; working tremendously," says the chairman of can fight women who have no day-care centers Union Carbide, threatening more for their children; and veterans, es­ chemical shortages if profits don't rise. pecially all the vets who got less-than­ It's the same line the oil companies honorable discharges because they re­ used during the energy crisis, which sisted racism in the army or spoke they deliberately created to get their back out against the war. prices up. They said, in effect, "If our Inflation is hitting all poor people profits aren't high enough, it won't By MACEO DIXON the hardest because we spend more of be worth our while to keep the re­ If any Black people had hoped that our income on food, housing, trans­ fineries and factories open." this big show in Washington was portation, and fuel- where prices The government says exactly the going to solve our problems, they have gone up the fastest. same thing. In the first six months must have been sorely disappointed. Remember Johnson's promises of a of this year electric companies have This conference has not only done "Great Society" and Nixon's plan for gotten government approval to raise nothing, it has not even addressed "Black capitalism"? They told us that rates by $1.4-billion. But the other itself to the urgent needs of the peo-­ capitalism would gradually eliminate day Treasury Secretary Simon said ple who are suffering the most from racism and discrimination. our electric bills must rise even more the economic crisis. Just the opposite is happening. As sharply, or "the lights will go out." And it's no wonder why. You don't the blows of inflation and unemploy­ What is being mapped out is an at­ think our problems are the important ment rain down on Black people, eco­ tack from all sides on the living stan­ ones. nomic inequality is getting worse, not dards of working people. To keep cap­ One of the most revealing statements better. -The average Black family last italism alive, you executives, bank­ made in any of these meetings was year made only 58 percent of what the ers, lawyers, economists, and capital­ when Alan Greenspan, the new chair­ average white family made, and the ist politicians are willing to see the man of the president's Council of Eco­ gap is widening. majority of the world's population nomic Advisers, said that if you want Did- you know that more than one­ ground down into the dirt. Starting to know "percentagewise who was hurt third of all Black families in this coun­ with those least able to defend them­ the most in their income, it was Wall try' have a total yearly income of selves: old people, the unemployed, Street brokers." less than $5,000? When you read unorganized workers, people on wel­ I don't even have to answer that. about people eating dog food, that is fare. I'd just like to take Mr. Greenspan why. The Socialist Workers Party says down to a welfare center in Bedford­ For Black youth, the official unem­ that working people bear no respon­ Stuyvesant or an unemployment office ployment rate is more than 30 per­ sibility for the impending crisis and in Detroit and let him explain to the cent. That is higher than unemploy­ have no reason to sacrifice for it. Any brothers and sisters there how tough ment ever got nationally, even dur­ claim that workers and bosses can the Wall Street brokers have it. ing the Great Depression. make a common effort to end infla­ You know who Greenspan is? He tion is a cover-up for making the used to run a big business consulting Cut the budget? workers pay. firm, and he says for 20 years he's Now a lot of people at this con­ There is only one solution for work­ been a disciple of Ayn Rand. She's ference are advising the president to ing people, although no one has said a right-wing philosopher who calls slow down the economy and cut the a word about it at this conference. for ''rational selfishness" and a return federal budget, supposedly to reduce That solution is to fight uncompro­ to laissez-faire capitalism. Greenspan inflation. misingly for our own interests- the says she convinced him that "capital­ The capitalists begrudge every pen­ interests of the vast majority­ ism is not only efficient and practical ny spent for the needs of working through strikes, rallies, protests, mass but also moral." So that's where he's people- even though it's our tax mon­ demonstrations, and other indepen­ coming from. ey- and they're jumping at the chance. dent rolitical action. Anyhow, Greenspan gets a measly to eliminate social welfare programs. That is the only way to defend our $42,500 a year working for Ford. The government has plenty of mon­ wages, jobs, safety, and environment That is six times as much as the av­ ey, though, to finance wars, like in today against the attacks by the cap­ erage Black family makes. But it's Vietnam, and CIA subversion of other italist profiteers. And it is the road to a 90 percent cut in pay from what he countries, like in Chile. It has bil­ 'Any claim that workers and bosses can overturning this decaymg capitalist was making on Wall Street, so I guess lions for propping up dictatorships fight inllation together is cover-up for system and building a truly humane "percentagewise" he is really in bad all over the world. making workers pay.' society. shape. Continued on next page

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 17 ~ ...mass protests are needed' Continued from preceding page We socialists completely reject the Support notion of "controlling spending" to end inflation. If the budget is to be cut, we say cut out the $100-billion for grows for the military. Cut out the interest pay­ ments to the banks on the national debt. That amounts to $23-billion this N.Y.SWP year going straight from our tax pay­ ments to line the pockets of million­ aires like Rockefeller. ballot fight At one "presummit" meeting last week, people protested against the cuts By JANICE LYNN that are being planned. We socialists NEW YORK- Two challenges have . solidarize with that. We say stop the been filed against the nominating peti­ cutbacks! Spend billions of dollars tions of the New York Socialist Work­ more on education, more on welfare, ers Party, attempting to throw the so­ more on veterans, more on health, cialist candidates off the ballot. more on Social Security! The SWP candidates filed 37,904 'A powerful coalition of Blocks, unions, unemployed, women, and veterans could signatures for the statewide ticket, Last weekend, leaders of a number be forged. Demonstration in Chicago lost year is example of what con be done.' headed by Derrick Morrison for gov­ of Black organizations, including the ernor and Rebecca Finch for U. S. Urban League, NAACP, and Opera­ Senate. This is almost double the re­ tion PUSH, met at a counter-summit quired 20,000. and drafted some proposals for deal­ social equality shows the need for gone on strike to win big wage in­ On the basis of absurd technicali­ ing with the economic problems of the preferential hiring and promotion of creases to catch up with inflation, and ties, the right-wing National Caucus Black community. The group also in­ minority workers to begin to make cost-of-living clauses to stay caught of Labor Committees (NCLC), also cluded several Black elected officials. up for long years of discrimination. up. calling itself the U. S. Labor Party, They called for an immediate and What we need is a cost-of-living has challenged the statewide SWP slate massive program of public works to Can prices be controlled? clause in every union contract to raise and the petitions filed for Claire provide at least one million jobs. I Another idea was raised at the Black wages automatically every time prices Moriarty, SWP candidate for U. S. wholeheartedly support that call. Such economic summit: the demand that the rise. Cost-of-living adjustments should Congress from the 20th District. a program would be a double benefit government roll back prices. also apply to Social Security, unem­ This challenge is an extension of to society. It should provide jobs for All working people, I'm sure, would ployment, welfare, pensions, veterans' earlier physical attacks carried out all who want to work, and at union like to see prices come down. But can benefits, and all income of working by NCLC against the SWP and other wages, not the starvation dole the gov­ we expect the capitalist government people. organizations with whom they dis­ ernment proposes. And it should be to do such a thing? No! Just look At the counter-summit of Black lead­ agree. NCLC has worked together directed toward what people really at the historical record. Every time ers, some raised the idea of calling with the cops in such attacks. need- rebuilding the cities, providing the government has imposed controls, demonstrations against unemploy­ Some of the objections cited by housing, schools, hospitals, and child­ saying it would rein in prices, it's on­ ment and the cutbacks. Mass actions NCLC against the SWP petitions are: care centers, and cleaning up the en­ ly been a cover for keeping wages around these questions would be one "Names, addresses and other pertinent vironment. down. of the most effective ways for victims information are abbreviated; Wit­ Top priority should be given to the We just had almost three years of of the government economic assault nesses have not initiale(rcrossouts and Black, Chicano, and Puerto Rican "wage and price controls." Did they to fight back. The Socialist Workers makeovers on their petitions; Wit­ communities, with all funds and pro­ hold . down prices? No, prices rose Party will work together with any and nesses have failed to line out and grams under the control of those com­ faster than ever. The same thing hap­ all groups to build such demonstra­ initial blank portions of their peti­ munities. pened during the Korean War and tions. tions." There is an additional way to fight World War II. A powerful coalition- a great so­ A drive has been launched to solicit for jobs for all. That is to shorten The fact is that the capitalist gov­ cial movement- could be forged of protest tt~legrams and letters urging the workweek, with no reduction in ernment can not and will not con­ Black organizations, the unemployed, dismissal of the NCLC challenge. take-home pay, to spread the avail­ trol prices. Whenever you hear them trade unions, women's groups, and Among those who have agreed to pro­ able work to all who need jobs. say they're going to control prices veterans. The lack of progress toward real test this attempt to exclude the SWP and wages, no matter how fair they A year ago in Chicago, Operation candidates from the ballot are attor­ promise to be- watch out! They're PUSH spearheaded such a united ac­ neys William Kunstler and Florynce planning payroll robbery on a bil­ tion and it drew 8,000 people. That's Kennedy; journalists Murray Kemp­ lion-dollar scale. just one example of what can be done. ton and Nat Hentoff; Daniel Berrigan; We shouldn't be fooled by the fact No proposals like those I have de­ and Edith Tiger, director, National that Ford swears up and down he scribed, which would begin to protect Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. won't impose controls. He swore up working people against the economic Also, City Councilman Luis Olme­ and down he wouldn't pardon Nixon crisis, will come out of this summit do; Dr. Paul Siegel, Long Island Uni­ without a trial too. conference. Nor will they be heard versity; feminist author Myrna Lamb; There is more government interfer­ from the Democratic and Republican and Attica defendant Herbert X ence to hold down wages on the way. politicians. These politicians all sup­ Blyden. And it's only a small step from dic­ port the capitalist system. And you In addition, American Federation of tating wages to starting to outlaw can't support the capitalist system to­ State, County and Municipal Em­ strikes. One of the proposals of busi­ day without supporting the attacks ployees Local 1930, Library Guild, ness executives at this conference is for against working people. sent a resolution urging dismissal of a ban on strikes in 'Vital industries," That is why the so-called friends the challenge. such as transportation. of labor in Congress passed the wage­ Since the launching of this protest We shouldn't give any credence to control law in 1970. They passed all campaign it has been learned that these schemes, or cooperate in any the unequal and unfair taxes. They additional challenges have beellt"filed way with government controls. voted all the funds for the Vietnam against the petitions of the SWP and Inflation can't be stopped under cap­ war, and they refuse to stop military also against those of the Communist italism. The most effective way to spending today. They're working Party, Socialist Labor Party, and the GREENSPAN: For $42,500 a year, he fight it is to defend the income of right along with Ford to cut the bud­ so-called U.S. Labor Party. finds capitalism 'not only efficient and working people from its effects .. get. The individual filing the challenge, practical but also moral.' All across the country workers have It is self-defeating to strike and pro­ John Garry, is executive chairman of test against the policies of the Demo­ th.e Democratic Party of Colonie, a crats and Republicans and then turn suburb of Albany, and former district Further reading on------around and vote for them. The way attorney of Albany County. for Blacks and the labor movement The objections are made on the to carry the struggle forward is to basis of technicalities in the way the The Socialist Alternative break with these two capitalist par­ nominating petitions were filed and ar­ ties and launch independent political ranged. WHAT SOCIALISTS STAND FOR, by SOCIALISM ON TRIAL, by James P. action. SWP candidates Derrick Morrison Stephanie Coontz. 50 cents. Connon. A classic explanation of Marxist There is an independent working­ and Rebecca Finch issued a statement views on history, capitalism, the class class alternative in this fall's elections: denouncing this action by the Demo­ SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY, by Lin­ struggle, w or, and revolution. 192 pp., the candidates of the Socialist Work­ cratic Party officials. "Our supporters da Jenness. 25 cents. paper $2.25. ers Party. spent thousands of hours collecting I know we won't get any votes from far more than the required signatures," AN INTRODUCTION TO MARXIST ECO­ the bankers, stockbrokers, capitalist SOCIALIST PROGRAM TO FIGHT INFLA­ they said. "We have fully complied NOMIC THEORY, by Ernest Mandel. A politicians, and union bureaucrats at TION. Published by Socialist Workers with the restrictive New York election concise explanation of the basic prin­ this economic summit. 1974 Notional Campaign Committee. laws. Tens of thousands of New York ciples of Marxist political economy and But to all the working people who 25 cents. voters have expressed their desire to their application to contemporary mo­ are looking for a way to cast a vote see us on the ballot. nopoly capitalism. 80 pp., paper $1.25. against unemployment, cutbacks, ISSUES FACING THE LABOR MOVE­ "This challenge is another example wage controls, the inflationary of how the Democratic and Republican MENT IN THE 1970s. Edited by Paul Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 West squeeze, racism, and the rule of the Continued on page 30 Davidson. 60 cents. St., New York, N.Y. 10014. profiteers- I urge you to vote Social­ ist Workers.

18 U.S. CP backs gsmgster action Kremlin bureaucrats break up rebel art show From Intercontinental Press destroying many of the paintings. rapher of "petty hooliganism" for re­ It all began when thirteen artists "The young men who appeared to sisting the attack on the art show, asked city authorities in Moscow for be organized into teams, ripped up, and imposed fifteen-day prison terms permission to hold an exhibition of trampled and threw more than a and fines on them. paintings on a vacant lot. No objec­ dozen paintings into a dump truck The destruction of the exhibition re­ tion being raised, the artists, who are to be covered with mud and driven ceived front-page treatment in the not recognized by the official Artists away," reported an eyewitness, Chris­ Western press, of course. Could there Union because they are against the topher Wren of the New York Times. be more convincing evidence of the prescribed doctrine of . "socialist real­ "Artists who protested were roughed absence of freedom of expression in ism," went ahead. up and at least five were arrested. An the Soviet Union? The paintings displayed by the twen­ unknown number of angry spectators Gus Hall, the general secretary of ty-four participating artists. represent­ were taken to a nearby police station." the U.S. Communist party, predict­ ed a variety of schools, including sur­ ably echoed a line of defense sug­ realism, abstract expressionism, form­ One of those arrested, Viktor Tupit­ gested in a Tass news agency dis­ alism, and pop art. sin, a mathematician, later reported patch. He claimed to see the .,.ine hand No sooner had the exhibition been that while at the police station, he of the C.I.A." in the affair. (Daily set up than the censors arrived in saw some of the "vigilantes" who had World, September 21.) the form of a "vigilante squad" armed broken up the exhibition go into a The ''fine hand," naturally, was seen with appropriate tools of bureaucratic back room and re-emerge in police by Hall in the artists showing their criticism- dump trucks, water-tank uniforms. He said he had also seen paintings and not in the drivers of trucks used for spraying streets, and a notice on a bulletin board instruct­ bulldozers and dump trucks express­ two bulldozers. ing "all the staff to report in civilian ing critical reactions. Hall viewed While uniformed cops looked on im­ clothes" on Sunday morning, the day them as "some local Soviet citizens" passively, the vehicles were driven of the exhibition. who "seemingly over-reacted" out of around the lot, scattering several hun­ The next day, a municipal court "honest indignation." dred spectators and exhibitors, and convicted four artists and a photog- The bureaucrats, in suppressing the show, clearly failed to anticipate the genuinely honest indignation it would her 28, a Saturday, in another part arouse internationally. of the city far removed from the site of the original attempted exhibition. Embarrassed by the publicity, the The artists unanimously rejected this authorities retreated, while continuing "concession." Saturday is a working to defend their way of handling artists day for most Soviet citizens, so few who want to paint as they please. Ten would be able to attend. of the eighteen paintings were returned Once again, the ruling caste has to their owners through unidentified demonstrated its acute sensitivity to persons. Those jailed were released any manifestation of independent after a few days. thinking in the field of the arts. Let At the same time, the Soviet news­ one artist get away with it and who papers in their first published account knows where it will end? of the incident accused the artists of Whatever the value of their work having staged a "deliberate political may be -and the bureaucrats are provocation." clearly determined to. prevent us from The authorities also turned down being able to assess it- the dissident a request from the same group of artists deserve international commen­ artists to hold another showing on dation for their courage in standing September 29. They were told they firm against the mindless bureaucratic Street-cleaning truck disperses artists could display their works on Septem- censorship. for socialism CONYEB.S-McC UTCHEON DEBATE tion of political strategy for the Black Already in his campaign Heisler has ment of 12,000. Toba Singer is also SET IN DETROIT: Hattie McCut­ liberation movement. It is cospon­ spoken to the Champaign-Urbana la­ running on the SWP ticket as a write­ cheon, Socialist Workers Party candi­ sored by the Student-Faculty Coun­ bor federation; the Local Chairmen's in candidate for D. C.'s nonvoting dele­ date for Congress from Michigan's cil at Wayne State University, and Association of the United Transporta­ gate to the House of Representatives. 1st C. D., will debate Democratic in­ will be held at 2 p.m. in the Upper tion Union, Chicago switching dis­ cumbent John Conyers on Oct. 4 in Deroy Auditorium on the Wayne State trict; and to several locals of the PROTEST KILLING OF BLACK Detroit. Conyers is a prominent mem­ campus. United Mine Workers. TEEN-AGERS BY DALLAS COP: ber of the Congressional Black Two unarmed Black teen-agers were Caucus. LAUNDRY WORKERS HEAR D.C. HEISLER PLANS SPEECHES TO gunned down Aug. 25 by a cop in a The debate will focus on the ques- SOCIALIST: Nan Bailey, Socialist UNION MEETINGS: The Illinois So­ Workers Party candidate for mayor of restaurant in Dallas, Tex. George cialist Workers Campaign Committee Washington, D.C., recently made a Johnson Jr., 14, and his brother John­ p.as sent a mailing to some 650 trade­ campaign appearance at the Nation­ ny, 13, had gone into the restaurant union officers and members in the al Laundry Company at the invita­ for a drink of water when the cop, state, requesting that Ed Heisler, SWP tion of one of the workers. without warning, shot and killed them. candidate for U.S. Senate, be invited Thirty workers, most of them Black The cops claim the brothers were at­ to speak at a meeting of their union. women, came out of the laundry on tempting an "armed robbery." "Because of the attacks by big busi­ their lunch break to hear Bailey speak. The killings and subsequent police ness on our living standards many The inside workers at the laundry cover-up have provoked demands in trade unionists are interested in hear­ make only $2.40 an hour. They ap­ the Black community for an investi­ ing the point of view of Socialist can­ plauded the socialist candidate enthus­ gation. A crowd of 1,400 Black peo­ didates for public office in this elec­ iastically when she attacked her Dem­ ple attended the brothers' funeral. tion." the letter states. "In Illinois 40,- ocratic opponent, Walter Washington, A statement by the Dallas Young 000 voters, many of them trade union for his ties to big business in D. C. Socialist Alliance called the killings members, signed petitions placing the Several of the workers signed cards part of a "pattern of racist violence by Socialist candidates on the Novem­ endorsing Bailey's campaign. the Dallas cops." The statement cites ber 5th election ballot." the murder last year of Santos Rod­ The mailing also included a speak­ In another development, four SWP riguez, a 12-year-old Chicano student, ing engagement form, return envelope, candidates in D.C. were certified Sept. while he was handcuffed in the back and a brochure with the socialist po­ 18 for the November ballot. They seat of a police car. Protests by the sitions on issues facing the trade are Bailey, Allan Budka for city coun­ Chicano community led to the con­ unions. cil chairman, and Sara Smith and viction of the killer-cop for homicide. The mailing went to major union Anne Powers for city council at-large. The YSA statement demanded the locals and to unionists who had sup­ Campaign supporters had collected immediate suspension of the two cops ported antiwar demonstrations or the more than 23,000 signatures on pe­ involved and supported the call for Sept. 8, 1973, demonstration against titions to place the candidates on the an independent investigation of the inflation and unemployment. ballot, far exceeding the legal require- killings. -ANDY ROSE

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 19 Rockefeller's wealth and power: By DICK ROBERTS in a small category of people, because From the moment President Ford with a population of more than 200 picked Nelson Rockefeller to be vice­ million, it means that less than one­ president, Rockefeller has lied about half of one percent of the population his own and his family's wealth and held any trust funds to begin with. power. But the income from most of these First he said he was worth $33- trust funds is well below the income million. from the Nelson Rockefeller trust as Then he upped it to $62.5-million. disclosed in the New York magazine But in addition, he said, "I receive article. That income was $3.9-million. the income during my lifetime of two There are only 306 trust funds in trusts with total net assets of $120- the United States with incomes of$!­ million." That put his .total worth at million or more. $182. 5-million. If, as in the case of the Rockefeller When the Senate Rules Committee family, each of the members holds opened hearings Sept. 23 on Rocke­ two or more such giant trusts, we are feller's confirmation, the figure had beginning to get an idea of the small risen to $218-million. number of powerful ruling-class fam­ Rockefeller declared, "This myth ilies. about the power which my family ex­ In 1937 Ferdinand Lundberg ercises needs to be brought out into named his famous expose of the rul­ the open.· It just doesn't exist." ing class Ainerica '8 60 Families. The And the vice-president-to-be added These Mideast Exxon pipelines pump money into Rockefeller's pockets figure does not need revision today. that there is no such thing as outside Yet Fortune magazine annually lists control of corporations. They are run 500 U.S. manufacturing corpora­ by managers "who work their way tions, each with assets above $168- Dorfman's disclosure confll'mS the ic prizes U.S. imperialism has in mind up to the top." million; 50 commercial banks, each analysis already presented in The Mil­ in its bloody Southeast Asia aggres­ "There could be no conflict" between with assets above $2.5-billion; 50 life itant (see the Sept. 6 issue) that Rocke­ sion. his financial interests and his role as insurance companies, each with as­ feller Rockefeller told the Senate Rules vice-president, said Rockefeller, 'be­ money is hidden behind the sets above $600-million; 50 financial "street names" ·of immensely powerful Committee that he doesn't occupy him­ cause my sole purpose is to serve corporations other than banks, each trust funds located at the Chase Man­ self "to even read the list of securities" my country." with assets above $600-million; 50 hattan Bank (chairman, David Rock- he owns, but leaves financial manage­ The Attica murderer outdid him­ retailing fll'ms, each with assets above . efeller). ment "to the very able men" hired by self. $500-million; 50 transportation com­ his family to manage their affairs. What are the facts? The trust fund portfolio reported by panies, each with assets above $100- Dorfman is the first trust fund of a million; and 50 utilities, each with Trust funds member of the American ruling class assets above $1-billion. As Rockefeller was testifying in ever made public. Let's take' a closer American ruling class These 800 fll'ms constitute an in­ Washington, New York magazine hit look at it. Of course the American ruling class dustrial-financial empire worth well the newsstands with the disclosure of Its annual income is $3.9-million. ls so small and its holdings are so over $1-trillion. It is owned and con­ the assets of one of Rockefeller's trust There are 42 securities including vast that it would be impossible for trolled by a tiny ruling class. It is funds: state and municipal bonds, common them to concern themselves with the managed, as often as not, by their "Counting just the assets in this ac­ and preferred stocks, and United day-to-day management of all the cor­ agents. count alone," said reporter Dan Dorf­ States Treasury bills. porations they own. Moreover, the ownership is not in The state bonds include holdings man, "the Nelson A Rockefeller Trust Here, statistics published by the In­ every case direct. in California, Florida, Connecticut, was worth, as of June 28, 1974, at ternal Revenue Service are informative. Financial corporations, including least $126,776,331. Montana, New Jersey, and Puerto Ri­ In July 1973, the IRS put out an banks, life insurance companies, foun­ "Rocky is obviously worth more co. estimate on "Fiduciary Income 'fax dations, and university trusts serve as than that, much more. The 'Nelson There are five different holdings in Returns" for 1970. These are precise­ secondary bastions of ruling-class con­ the New York State Housing Finance A Rockefeller Trust' is, we're told, ly the returns on estates and trust trol. The Nelson Rockefeller trust al­ Agency and one million shares in the only one of two trusts administered funds of the type we have been ex­ ready described, for instance, shows Port of New York Authority. for him by Chase Manhattan. The amining. 325,000 shares in Rockefeller Center, Measured in terms of asset value, second trust is said to be ... larger They show that in 1970 there were which itself is a holding company with in the total value of the assets man­ however, 86 percent of the trust as­ a total of 752,398 trust funds in the one of the larger ownerships of Chase aged." Dorfman put the total value sets are in common stock. The big­ United States. This already places us Manhattan Bank. of the two trust funds at $300-million. gest are: 308,200 shares of Exxon, worth $21-million; 206,350 shares of There are fewer than 100 people Standard Oil of California, worth in the United States worth $300-mil­ mor.e than $5-million; 130,300 shares lion. At least five of them are named of Eastman Kodak, worth more than Rockefeller. $13-million; and 83,~22 shares of IBM, worth almost $18-million. Standard Oil trust No federal Rockefeller argues that there are no Rockefeller interests. income tax Yet according to this portfolio, the The following is from a Sept. 23 $21-million worth of Exxon shares Washington, D. C., dispatch by Rockefeller holds in this trust fund ·Reuters. were worth only $2-million when the trust fund was set up. Vice President-designate Rocke­ That dates the establishment of the feller, one of the nation's richest trust fund at about 1939-35 years men, revealed today that he had ago, when Exxon shares (then Stan­ paid no federal income taxes in dard Oil of New Jersey) were selling 1970 even though his income to­ for one-tenth their present value. taled more than $2A million. It suggests that the trust fund was The former New York.governor set up by John D. Rockefeller II, Nel­ made public a 10-year compila­ son Rockefeller's father. And it hap­ tion of his tax returns up to 1973. pens that John D. Rockefeller II had It showed his total income for the six children: Abby, John D., Nelson, period was $46.9 million, his Laurance, Winthrop (now. deceased), charitable contributions $14.6 mil­ and David, each of whom undoubted­ lion and his federal, state and lo­ ly inherited comparable Exxon hold­ cal taxes $21.7 million. ings. The compilation showed that, Now we are talking about 1,849,200 because of large deductions in­ shares. In 1973 alone these shares cluding gifts to charity and "maj­ paid dividends of $8.2-million. That or shifts" in his investment port­ constitutes Rockefeller interest - in­ folio of trust funds, Rockefeller terest in the world's largest, most pow­ paid no federal income taxes on erful oil cartel. his 1970 income. Exxon holdings outside the United Rockefeller was· in a select group. States stretch from Venezuela to the Two other millionaires, both un­ Middle East and · Indonesia. Exxon named by the Joint Committee on owns 50 percent interest in the oil Internal Revenue Taxation, al­ consortium preparing to exploit the so paid no federal income taxes. offshore oil of South Vietnam's South Palestinian refugee camps. Arabs ore victims of Washington's global program to for 1970. China Sea- one of the main econom- protect ruling-class wealth. 20 what Senate hearings won't tell On top of this, as has also already "Disclosure of Corporate Ownership," been indicated in the case of the Rock­ released by senators Lee Metcalf (D­ efeller trust, the ruling class is heavily Mont.) and Edmund Muskie (D­ invested in municipal, state, and fed­ Maine), the holdings of Chase Man­ eral bonds. hattan trust funds in a number of This means that cities, states, and the largest U.S. corporations were re­ the federal government itself, through vealed. the collection of taxes, continuously The study was limited because most remunerate the ruling class for its U.S. corporations refused to disclose bond holdings. their owners to Metcalf and Muskie. On this score, Nelson Rockefeller In fact, Exxon, Standard Oil of Cali­ is somewhat of an exception. As gov­ fornia, and IBM, all of which have ernor of New York State he was no­ large Rockefeller holdings as we have torious for his manipulation of state already seen, did not disclose their top and New York City budgets to en­ shareholders to the congressional com­ hance the Rockefeller interests. The mittees. Neither did the Chase Man­ story is told in vivid detail in Robert hattan Bank. Caro's new book on Robert Moses, Nevertheless, the Metcalf-Muskie re­ who for years headed New York con­ port shows that Chase Manhattan struction projects. trust funds are the largest sharehold­ ers of the following 19 corporations: New York Post columnist Nicholas Atlantic Richfield, General Electric, Von Hoffman summarized Caro's RCA, Union Carbide, Monsanto, findings Sept. .1 7. "Beginning in 194 8," United Airlines, American Airlines, says Von Hoffman, '\ve learn that Northwest Airlines, National Airlines,. Rockefeller hired Robert Moses to lay Burlington & Northern, Southern out a highway program in Venezuela Railway, Seabord Coast Lines, Con­ and then another in Brazil. Ignoring solidated Freightways, Transcontinen­ the question of having a Vice Presi­ tal Lines, AT&T, Texas Utilities, Long dent with that kind of history of in­ Island Lighting, Florida Power & ternational meddling, let's proceed to Light, and Safeway Stores. the fact that Moses, without competi­ The catch is that the holdings are tive bidding, was the man who chose listed in the "street names" of the trust the Rockefeller-controlled Chase Man­ funds. These are legal entities that hattan Bank to underwrite millions conceal the actual owners. worfh of Triborough Bridge One of the Chase Manhattan trust bonds. funds, Cudd & Company, ranked "But then Rockefeller and Moses had among the top stockholders of 62 of a falling out because the Governor the 89 corporations that reported to wanted Moses to relinquish one of Senator Metcalf his 12 positions to his brother Lau­ Is the Nelson Rockefeller trust rep­ rance.... resented by Cudd & Company? If "To accomplish his end Rockefeller Multimillionaire Nelson Rockefeller claims his family wields no power not, who does own the stocks repre­ had to abolish the Triborough Au­ sented by Cudd & Company? Which thority, which had grown fabulously street name (or names) do stand for to do it. Senator Howard Cannon, the come tax returns, estate taxes, foun­ rich on bridge tolls, and amalgamate Rockefeller holdings? Nevada Democrat who heads the Sen­ dation reports, two trust funds, etc., it into a super, regional metropolitan These and similar questions- if an­ ate Rules Committee, said on the CBS are locked up in the safe in this of­ transportation authority. This, how­ swered- would throw considerable television program "Face the Nation": fice. ever, might jeopardize the $367 mil­ light on the Rockefeller fortune and "We will point out and list the assets "The chairman and the members of lion in Triborough bonds for which begin to pierce the secrecy of the Amer­ that he [Nelson Rockefeller] himself the committee will look this material Chase Manhattan is a trustee. No ican ruling class as a whole. problem. Governor Nelson Rockefeller holds. But obviously, this is not going over very carefully, just as they did to get to the real root of the prob­ in the confirmation of President Ford." of New York and Chairman of the * * * Board David Rockefeller of the Chase lem, which is the tremendous econom­ Such an "eyes only" approach -lim­ ic power that the Rockefeller family Manhattan Bank met on Feb. 9, 1968 iting the information to trusted Demo­ Nelson Rockefeller had the gall to exercises." and drew up an agreement taking care crats and Republicans- is far from say he would serve the country as of that. The agreement has been sealed There is the pretense that the ques­ bringing the matter to public scrutiny vice-president. This is the biggest lie and never made public." tions that need to be dealt with are and allowing the people to find out of all. so vast and complicated that the con­ the full truth. Throughout his life in public office Congressional 'investigation' gressional committees don't know But merely examining Nelson Rock­ and as vice-president, Rockefeller has In order to penetrate the actual where to start. efeller's files is not sufficient for get­ served and will serve only the ruling wealth and power of the Rockefeller In Washington, two weeks ago, I ting at all of the Rockefeller interests. class. interests, it would be necessary for interviewed William Cochrane, the Much more to the point would be open­ And the committees supposedly in­ the committees supposedly investigat­ staff director of the Senate Rules Com­ ing the entire books of the Chase Man­ vestigating him, who laugh at his in­ ing this question to penetrate the entire mittee. hattan Bank. anities and hypocrisies and refuse to web of their trust holdings. He told me that "all of Nelson Rocke­ The immense holdings of this bank ask serious questions, will also show They have shown little inclination feller's financial statements, his in- are a matter of public record. In the who they serve. 'Patron of arts' destroyed Diego Rivera mural By MICHAEL SMITH revolutionary art. once the mounted police made a show With all the millions Nelson Rocke- As Rivera wrote later: "[Rockefeller of their heroic and incomparable prow­ feller has invested in art treasures, was] perfectly familiar with my per­ ess, charging upon the demonstrators some people might wonder whether sonality as an artist and a man, and and injuring the back of a seven-year­ he at least might have some concern with my ideas and revolutionary his- old girl with a brutal blow of a club. for the preservation of art. tory." Thus was won the glorious victory of In this regard, the story of Rocke- Rivera proceeded to paint a fresco Capital against the portrait of Lenin feller's encounter with Diego Rivera that was, according to many who saw in the Battle of Rockefeller Center.... " bears retelling. it, a magnificent celebration of human Nelson Rockefeller's first "job" as achievement and aspiration. It became a cause celebre and Rock­ a young man out of school in 1932 Rockefeller decided belatedly he efeller promised not to destroy the was managing a building for his fam- didn't like Rivera's d~ipiction of a mural. Six months later he ordered ily- Rockefeller Center. He contract- worker-leader reaching out to join the fresco pulverized. ed with the great Mexican muralist hands with a soldier, a peasant, and "We all recognize, then," wrote Ri­ Diego Rivera for a fresco to be done a worker. Nor did he like the picture vera, "that in human creation there is in the lobby. of Lenin looking out from the wall. something which belongs to humanity Rivera was asked to do a creation Remove him from my painting, said at large, and that no individual owner around the theme of "New Frontiers" the man with the money. When Ri­ has the right to destroy it or keep it and to portray "man's new and more vera refused, Rockefeller ordered his solely for his own enjoyment. ..." complete understanding of the Sermon police to capture the site and close off But not for Rockefeller, who has on the Mount." He replied with both the fresco. Word spread around New Picasso tapestri'es hanging in his boat­ a sketch of what he intended to paint, York. house. Under capitalism it is those and a detailed letter. It was clear from Rivera wrote sardonically about the with the money, not the majority of the start he was preparing a work of ensuing protest demonstration: "At people, who are the arbiters of culture.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 21 Texas socialists victorious in ballot fight By NELSON BLACKSTOCK Court in a 5-to-4 decision ruled in tions showed the party did not have at the ballot box' by proposing un­ HOUSTON- The secretary of state's favor of the SWP in its challege of the enough "valid" signatures. limited access.... ' The Socialist office has notified the Socialist Work­ right of Texas Secretary of State Mark In a statement to the press, Sherry Workers Party does not espouse anar­ ers Party that it is in the process of White to rule the party off the ballot. Smith, SWP candidate for governor chy at the ballot box or anywhere certifying the SWP' s candidates for the White had claimed that a "random of Texas, said, "Today' s decision rep­ else,' Miss Smith retorted. ballot in the November election. sample" of 1 percent of the 55,556 resents a victory for not only the So­ "'You could end up with 100 parties On Sept. 23 the Texas Supreme signatures on SWP nominating peti- cialist Workers Party, but for the dem­ on the ballot,' Agnich said. 'It is our ocratic rights of all the people of Tex­ position that the ballot should be open,' as. It is clear that today' s decision the candidate said." is attributable to the public outrage At a Houston protest rally Smith at Mark White's attempt to keep us told campaign supporters, "We're here off the ballot." to make it clear that there are people In recent weeks White's office has in this state who have had it with received protests from such prominent the harassment and .attacks on our individuals as David L6pez, a Hous­ campaigns. We've been bombed, we've ton school board member; Ron W at­ been machine gunned, and we have ers, a Texas state representative; Jose had our headquarters broken into and Angel Gutierrez, La Raza Unida Par­ our..files stolen. None of that stopped ty leader; and Ramsey Mufiiz, Raza us. Now they thi:Qk they can make Unida candidate for governor. Hun­ us go away by kicking us off the bal­ dreds -of people around Texas sent lot. telegrams and letters to the secretary "But this backfires against them. It of state backing the SWP's right to is just like Watergate in exposing the be on the ballot. true face of capitalist rule. They call Sherry Smith testified in Austin at this a democracy and then want only a Texas· house Subcommittee studying their two parties on the ballot. 'You the election procedures. The Dallas can vote for one of us or one of us.' Times Herald reported, "Sherry Smith, But we know how to fight for our the Socialist Workers candidate for rights." governor, lashed out at what she Ruben Rubago, Raza Unida candi­ called 'undemocratic and unconstitu­ date for state legislature from the 79th tional Texas election laws governing District, in which the SWP campaign M;loJ~l~ minority parties.' Dallas Representa­ headquarters is located, came to the Sherry Sm1th, socialist candidate for governor of Texas, told Houston protest rally tive Fred Agnich, a Republican, ar­ rally to speak out in support of the that government attacks on SWP campaigns have backfired. gued that she was espousing 'anarchy socialist attempt to win ballot status. Mo. Supreme Court denies ballot spot to SWP By FRED MURPHY scribed by Article 8, section 2, of the whim many working people are look­ Mutnick defended herself against ST. LOUIS- The Missouri Supreme Missouri Constitution," which makes ing for an alternative to the twin par­ these charges at a Missouri Division Court, in a 6-to-1 decision, has de­ no mention of registration. ties of big business, the Supreme Court of Employment Security hearing Sept. nied ballot status to Barbara Mut­ In order to keep the SWP off the justices, who are Democratic and Re­ 16. In a statement after the hearing, nick, Socialist Workers Party candi­ ballot, the judges had to take the high­ publican appointees themselves, have Mutnick said, "Is Jewish Hospital as­ date for U. S. Senate from Missouri. ly unusual step of withdrawing and moved to prevent a real choice in suming that one cannot hold a job and The ruling came in response to a rewriting their previous decision! the November elections." also run for office? Their outrageous suit filed by the SWP against Secre­ They could find so little basis for The Missouri SWP campaign is con­ action in firing me has unintentionally tary of State James Kirkpatrick after their decision in Missouri law and tinuing actively on a write-in basis. revealed the real attitude of the peo­ he refused to validate SWP nominating court decisions that their arguments Interest in the campaign has been ple who run this country toward the petitions bearing 29,014 signatures. centered on cases in the Illinois, Ari­ heightened by the SWP's efforts to gain elections. · Missouri law requires 17,844 signa­ zona, North Carolina, and New ballot status. "I was told by Jewish Hospital that tures for a spot on the ballot. Jersey state courts. As the dilrsenting Mutnick spoke recently to meetings no employee was allowed to run for justice pointed out, these decisions of 35 and 40 students at the Univer­ public office. If every company, in­ In their Sept. 11 decision, the ma­ were based on entirely different state sity of Missouri-St. Louis and Wash­ dustry, and institution enforced such a jority of the court upheld Kirk­ election laws. ington University. After the meetings, policy, no one who works for a liv­ patrick's arbitrary and discriminatory The dissenting opinion also noted 12 students signed cards endorsing ing could run for office. As the Demo­ restriction that _signers of nominating the undemocratic nature of the court's the campaign. She also spoke at a ral­ crats and Republicans see it, elections petitions must be registered voters. decision: "In reality, we [the court] are ly. in defense of J. B. Johnson, a young are the private preserve of lawyers, In all prior cases in Missouri, sign­ making a policy decision in this case, Black victim of a police frame-up. business executives, and other wealthy ers needed only to be qualified voters; electing to make it more difficult for people," the socialist candidate de­ that is, 18 years of age or older and new political parties to be formed, by In another development, Jewish clared. a Missouri resident. The laws regard­ requiring the signers to be registered Hospital in St. Louis has challenged Mutnick has also made a complaint ing nominating petitions clearly state voters. . . . We should interpret [the Mutnick's right to collect unemploy­ against Jewish Hospital to St. Louis that the signatures of qualified voters election laws] in favor of extending ment benefits. She was fired from her Circuit Attorney Brendan Ryan. SWP are required. the political election' process and not job there the day after she announced campaign supporters have discovered Only six weeks earlier, in a decision add to the difficulties of getting new her campaign last March. The hospi­ that it is a felony under Missouri law on the qualifications for signing ini­ points of view before the electorate." tal claims that because Mutnick is ac­ to discharge an employee for his or tiative petitions, the same court had Barbara Mutnick called the court's tively campaigning for U.S. Senate, her political beliefs. Mutnick demands stated, "A qualified voter is a person ruling "a blow to the democratic she is "not actively seeking employ­ that Ryan enforce this law and defend who meets the qualifications pre- rights of all Missourians. At a time ment and is not available for work." her rights.

By WESLEY WEINHOLD inal of Vietnam, is pardoned while the exemption from the campaign disclo­ SEATTLE- A convention of the So­ men and their families who are the sure law. He urged broad attendance, Wash. cialist Workers Party held here Sept. victims of the Vietnam war are made noting that public pressure has al­ 17 nominated six candidates for the into criminals and told that they have ready forced Washington Secretary of November election. to 'repay their debt'. . . . Ford's am­ State Lud Kramer· to announce that On the same day, the primary elec­ nesty is no amnesty, it's punitive." the FBI would no longer receive socialists tions for the Democr~tic and Repub­ copies of SWP nominating certificates, lican parties attracted the lowest per­ Discussing "the great election reform contrary to the practice of the last two centage voter turnout in the history hoax," Lovgren said: "The demand decades. hold of the state. Only 21 percent of the for disclosure of names and addresses The other socialist candidates nomi­ eligible voters in Seattle went to the by political groups is an attempt to nated at· the convention were Claire polls. Officials had predicted a 44 per­ discourage independent electoral ac­ Fraenzl, an activist in the Coalition nominating cent turnout, but clearly underesti­ tion. . . . They demand we give them of Labor Union Women, for U.S. mated the disenchantment with the cap­ our names and then they tap our Senate; Toby Emmerich for State italist parties. phones and get our supporters fired Senate; Pat Beathard and Mike Downs convention from their jobs and evicted from their for State Assembly; and Jeff Ford for Fred Lovgren, congressional candi­ apartments." King County Prosecutor. date in the 1st C. D., commented on Lovgren announced that a hearing The convention was attended by 144 some of the causes for disillusionment. would be held in Olympia on Oct. 15 registered voters. State law requires He noted, "Nixon, the master crim- to take up the SWP's request for an that 100 such voters attend.

22 450 gather in New York Meetings assess life of James P. Cannon By CAROLINE LUND great scope of Cannon's influence in Four hundred fifty people filled the many fields-from the history of the Marc Ballroom in New York City American radical movement, to the Sept. 18 for a tribute to James P. struggle for civil_ liberties in this coun­ Cannon. Cannon, who died Aug. 21 try, to the development of the inter­ at the age of 84, was a leader of the national revolutionary movement, to revolutionary socialist movement his impact on the radical youth of since the early years of this century. the 1960s. The New York meetingwas the larg­ Speakers at the New York tribute est in tribute to Cannon since the included Andrew Pulley, national gathering of 1,250 in Oberlin, Ohio, chairman of the Young Socialist Al­ Aug. 23. Contributions and pledges liance; Harry Braverman, president made in the course of the meeting of Monthly Review Press; Cannon's boosted the James P. Cannon Party- son Carl Cannon and grandson Mat­ thew Ross; Andrea Morell. treasurer of the James P. Cannon Party-Build­ ing Fund; and Socialist Workers Party leader Tom Kerry. A special dimension was added by the remarks of Roger Baldwin, 90- year-old founder of the American Civil Liberties Union, who worked with Cannon over several decades in nu­

merous civil liberties and labor de­ Militant/Martha Harris fense cases. New York. Ushers call out pledges to James P. Cannon Party-Building Fund. The tribute meeting of more than 200 in Los Angeles Sept. 3 also re­ flected the range of generations who Also speaking were Barry Sheppard, to Cannon. SWP leader Clifton De­ were inspired or influenced by Can­ national organization secretary of the Berry chaired the meeting, at which non. The audience, which pledged SWP; Olga Rodriguez, a leader of the the main speaker was Farrell Dobbs, _$900 to the Cannon fund, included Young Socialist Alliance and SWP gu­ a longtime central leader of the SWP. co-workers of Cannon's from the past, bernatorial candidate in California; Other speakers were SWP leaders such as Arne Swabeck, a founding Cannon's grandson Matthew Ross; Art Sharon, Ann Chester, and Carole leader of the Socialist Workers Party, Jessica Star, one of Cannon's secre­ Seligman. $2,300 was raised for the as well as many young people new to taries, who helped prepare his book Cannon fund. the socialist movement. Speeches to the Party; and Walta Ross, On Sept. 6 a tribute meeting in Tuc­ Among the speakers were Max Geld­ the daughter of Rose Karsner, Can­ son, Ariz., heard George Papcun, a non's lifelong companion and co­ man, who served 16 months with Can­ longtime socialist and friend of Can­ worker. non in Sandstone federal prison after non; Betsy McDonald of the SWP; and being framed up under the Smith Act; The Sept. 6 meeting of 70 people Charles Needham of the Young So­ in Minneapolis highlighted Jim Can­ Milton Alvin, an SWP leader and cialist Alliance. non's important advisory role in the friend of Cannon's for 34 years; Future issues of The Militant will 1934 Minneapolis Teamsters strikes Tybie Martin, longtime SWP activist carry further speeches or excerpts Militant/Joseph Ryan that led to making Minneapolis a and friend of Cannon; Harry Ring of from speeches at these meetings. union town. Cannon was sent to Min­ SWP leader Art Sharon speaking in San the Southwest Bureau of The Militant, Francisco. neapolis by the Communist League of and Fred Halstead, 1968 SWP pres­ America (predecessor of the SWP) as idential candidate. soon as the strikes took on the di­ Message from mension of a major class battle. Building Fund, which was launched at Speaking at the Minneapolis trib­ James T. Farrell the Oberlin meeting, by $3,900.52. Message from ute meeting were Harry DeBoer and The following message from The fund is designed to push for­ Jake Cooper, two of the Trotskyists the writer James T. Farrell was ward the work of building the revolu­ who were leaders of Teamsters Local read at the New York Tribute to tionary socialist movement to which A.L.Wirin 544 and of the strikes. The two also James P. Cannon. The following telegram was read Cannon devoted his life. The primary later underwent trial and imprison­ goal of the fund, which now stands at at the Los Angeles meeting in trib­ ment with Cannon for their class­ I was saddened by the death of ute to James P. Cannon. A. L. Wirin more than $59,000, is to make pos­ struggle activity and opposition to James P. Cannon. It has been many is a well-known civil libertarian and sible the publication of the many still­ World War II. years since I have seen him but I unpublished speeches, interviews, and longtime head of the Southern Cali­ have thought of him often, and it letters by Cannon (see ad on page fornia American Civil Liberties has become very clear to me that 25 for more details on the fund). Union. Also speaking was Pauline DeBoer, he lived out his life in accord with The New York tribute followed meet­ who first met Jim Cannon and Rose the best impulses of his rebel youth. ings that were held in Los Angeles, Please let us add our voices in af­ Karsner during the Minneapolis Smith He came from the American work­ Minneapolis, San Francisco, and Tuc­ fection for and appreciation of Jim Act trials; Charles Scheer, a leader ing class, and he had a class feel­ son, Ariz., during the past few weeks. Cannon. Affection because he was of the SWP who joined the party in ing that was like instinct. He was These gatherings have been signifi­ so fine a human being. Apprecia­ 1938; and Betsy Farley, chairwoman manly and courageous. The life of cant political events, not only in terms tion for his outstanding contribu­ of the Twin Cities Young Socialist James P. Cannon is one that should of building the James P. Cannon Par­ tion to civil liberties in the first re­ Alliance. Contributions to the Cannon not be forgotten. With affection and ty-Building Fund, but also for their sistance to the iniquitous Smith Act. fund totaled $500. sadness, I salute his memory. unique educational value. The wide Mr. and Mrs. A L. Wirin In San Francisco 250 people at­ James T. Farrell range of speakers has reflected the tended a Sept. 14 Bay Area tribute Tribute to Cannon's aid to British Trotskyists By PAT FRYD British Trotskyist paper, Red Flag, week in response to Hitler's rise to British left. Although there are differ­ LONDON- Fifty-five persons gath­ in 1933. He is now a member of the power in Germany. ences on the left, he said, without Can­ ered here Sept. 6 to pay tribute to International Socialism group. He went on to outline the difficulties non there would have been no Jim Cannon. The meeting was orga­ After outlining Cannon's history in faced by Trotskyists in Britain from Trotskyist movement in Britain, or it nized by the International Marxist the Marxist movement, Wicks went on 1932 to 1938 and to pay tribute to would have been very different. Group ( IMG ), British section of the to speak of the particular influence the role Cannon played during his Pennington pointed out that under­ Fourth International. Cannon had on the British Trotskyist 1938 visit to Britain, when he attempt­ standing our origins in the Marxist A literature display included some movement and the immense contribu­ ed to get the British Trotskyists to movement, as Cannon did, is a key of Cannon's works, and on a wall­ tion made by the Communist League understand and act on the need for for us in beginning to build the rev­ poster those present were able to read of America (predecessor of the Social­ unity between the several existing olutionary movement today. He the text of Cannon's last public speech ist Workers Party) in helping the groups. Wicks concluded by declaring stressed the importance of standing -the taped message he sent last May young British group get started. that revolutionaries must pledge to up­ firm on principled questions. to the celebration of the tenth anniver­ hold Cannon's concept of internation­ Pennington ended by saying that sary of Intercontinental Press. Wicks described how The Militant, alism. to build the revolutionary movement The first speaker was Harry Wicks, the paper of the Communist League, The second speaker was Bob Pen­ in any country it is absolutely neces­ a founding member of the British inspired the British Trotskyists, par­ nington, national secretary of the sary to be part of the international Communist Party, who was expelled ticularly in February 1933, when The IMG. He argued that the meeting revolutionary socialist movement. in 1932 and helped produce the first Militant was published three times a should have been organized by all the Outside it there is no future.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 23 Tribute by Tom Kerry Jim Cannon's main work: building The following is the speech made by movement a conscious program and a Tom Kerry at the Tribute to James resolute leadership." P. Cannon held in New York City Jim then underscores the paramount Sept. 18. Kerry is one of a number of importance he attached to what he Socialist Workers Party leaders for considered Lenin's primary contribu-' whom 1974 marks their fortieth year tion, by concluding: "It was Trotsky's of work alongside Jim Cannon in acceptance of this part of Lenin in building the revolutionary socialist 1917 that made Trotsky a Leninist." party in the United States. Convert to Leninism I knew the invitation to speak at this meeting would present a problem: Although Jim Cannon became a How, in the brief time allotted, would convert to Leninism in the period fol­ it be possible to deal adequately with lowing the October revolution of 1917, the many aspects of Jim Cannon's it was not until 1928, 11 years later, kaleidoscopic personality; or even to that he became a Trotskyist. Through recite but a small portion of the store a fluke he came into possession of a of biographical reminiscences; or to copy of Trotsky's "Criticism of the list, let alone expatiate on, the count­ Draft Program of the Communist In­ less contributions made in his lifetime ternational" at. the Sixth World Con­ of service to the working-class struggle gress of the Comintern. for a world socialist society? A study of that document convinced Having long ago learned not to Jim that Trotsky was advocating and attempt the impossible, I decided to defending ·the Leninist line in theory, address myself to what I consider the strategy, tactics, and party organiza­ dominant trait of Jim Cannon's politi­ tion. The rest is history. The "Criticism cal physiognomy (understanding by of the Draft Program of the Commu­ that term the external manifestation nist International" was published in of a compulsive inner drive), namely, the very first issues of The Militant tators, and propagandists that the tually his life, in popular mass agita­ the building of. a Leninist combat and became the platform of the Amer­ American working-class radical move­ tion, organization, and struggle, and party on American soil capable of ican section of the Trotskyist Left Op­ ment had produced. He wrote a pam­ allowed lesser men than he-lesser in leading the working-class struggle for position. phlet paying tribute to Debs's single­ all respects, in my judgment, and es­ socialist power in this citadel of world From that time forward, to Jim Can­ minded commitment to the workers' pecially in revolutionary tempera­ imperialism. non, Leninism and Trotskyism were struggle for emancipation from wage ment- to run the party machine and synonymous. With perhaps one slight slavery. shape the party policy." The building of a Leninist party and nuance. On the question of party or­ He remarked on Debs's readiness There was no such contradiction in Leninist international was a major ganization Cannon considered him­ to respond to the call for aid from . Jim Cannon's makeup. He was preoccupation of Cannon's political self a "Leninist," and sometimes said any battlefront in the class war. This equally involved in internal party af­ life. Jim had been convinced, by the so in informal discussion with party was the side of Debs that Jim ad­ fairs and, when the occasion required, experience of the October 1917 revolu­ leaders, at times when he felt it neces­ mired without stint. · in mass action. · tion in Russia and its repercussions sary to recall the examples of Lenin's After Jim left the party center in in Europe and the world, that the com­ granite hardness and uncompromis­ Jim, as you know, was convicted New York to live in Los Angeles, and imprisoned, along with a number bat party was an indispensable pre­ ing ~ttitude on questions involving he decided to write an essay on Debs, requisite for the conquest of prole­ the Leninist concept of the combat of other Socialist Workers Party and which had been long germinating in tarian power- at least in the indus­ Teamsters Local 544 leaders, under party. his mind. trially advanced countries of the It was to this central question of the Smith ''Gag" Act for opposition to "My projected essay," he wrote, world. the party that Cannon devoted much Roosevelt's war for the "four free­ "would have two sides. First, I would From that time forward Cannon of his time, his energy, and his con­ doms." undertake to show Debs in all his considered himself a Leninist. "Lenin's siderable talents. It commanded the grandeur as a proletarian hero; as Party-building plans greatest contribution to his whole unstinting application of his mental the prototype and exemplar of the epoch," Cannon wrote, "was his idea and physical resources to the very He matriculated at Sandstone Pen­ revolutionary man of the masses, the and his determined struggle to build day of his death. itentiary, at government expense, trade union organizer, the strike a vanguard party capable of leading where he was provided the luxury Much of Cannon's published work leader, the inspirer of the youth. · the workers in revolution. of an ample amount of free time­ is of a polemical character. His op­ "That side of the project will be a "And he did not confine his theory which he proceeded to put to con­ ponents can testify that in internal labor of love for me, for I dearly love to the time of his own activity. He went structive use. He thought up plans, party struggle he was a redoubtable the memory of Debs. all tlie way back to 1871, and said projects, and party campaigns. He faction fxghter. But that was just one "But," Jim added, "I would feel ob­ that the decisive factor in the defeat proposed mass Militant subscription aspect of his character, albeit a very liged also to deal with another side of the first proletarian revolution, the drives. He elaborated educational pro­ important one. of Debs; what I consider the weaker Paris Commune, was the absence of spectuses and study systems, etc., etc. Jim was a great admirer of Eugene side, which has never been adequately a party of the revolutionary Marxist I cannot think of a single change in Victor Debs. He considered him to examined and explained by other vanguard, capable of giving the mass be one of the greatest orators, agi- Jim's physical mode of existence that biographers and evaluators. In fact, wasn't converted into a launching pad it has never been touched; and the for projecting party-building schemes, true picture of the real Debs, 'the man plans, and designs. with hiS contradiction,' with his weak Those of us at the party center, who side as well as his strong side, has were responsible for directing and never been drawn. supervising the day-to-day activity of "Debs," Cannon observes, "was a the party, were somtimes irritated at man of good will, if there ever was the profusion of ideas, proposals, sug­ one; a giver, a constructive worker, gestions, and, sometimes, criticisms a builder." that emanated from Jim's fertile mind. A liHie too 'good' His life was a graphic application of Trotsky's memorable aphorism: With­ "But he was just a little too 'good' out the party we are nothing; with the to be the leader that a revolutionary party we ar~ all. party requires. Jim Cannon not only practices this "Debs couldn't stand quarreling. He creed, he preached it. And how elo­ fled from 'brawlers' as from a plague. quently he did so! He couldn't abide embroilments in I note in the Sept. 20 issue of The controversies, especially if they were Militant a transcript of an interview tainted with conniving and 'maneuver­ with Cannon by a young Mexican ing,' which unfortunately are not al­ revolutionist just a week before Jim's ways absent even in party disputes. death. The editors' forward to the in­ "He feared faction fights and splits terview concludes with the information above everything, and simply ran that "at the time of his death Cannon away from them. As a result of all was national chairman emeritus of that, Debs turned his back on the in­ the Socialist Workers Party." ternal affairs of the Socialist Party According to my copy of Webster's of the United States. Collegiate Dictionary, "emeritus" is de­ Socialist leader and orator Eugene V. Debs. Connon pointed out Debs's weak side, "He, the most influential leader, fined as, "Retired, as for age, with which was avoidance of internal struggle over party policy. poured out all his energy, and even- a title corresponding to that held in

24 a Leninist party on American soil active service; especially of a clergy­ he dealt with this subject, he affirmed: vote on the national committee. my vote on the national committee man or college professor." "The problem of the party is the Jim had spoken at our convention of the party. Now Jim was no clergyman, al­ problem of the leadership of the party. on the need for investing the process The question of the party, 'Jim de­ though he preached some powerful I believe, that just as the problem of of leadership transition with the ele­ clared, 'is the most important of all sermons against capitalist exploitation the party is the problem the working ment of conscious planning. There questions." But he was always quick and oppression and for the socialist class has to solve before the struggle was general agreement. But the pro­ to add that this truism was based emancipation of the working class against capitalism can be definitively cess seemed to have bogged down. We upon the premise that the party was through revolutionary action. successful- the problem of the party concluded that the problem arose be­ armed with the program of revolu­ Nor could he qualify as a "college truly is the problem of the leadership cause Jim had neglected to follow the tionary Marxism. professor," although as a teacher of of the party." word with the need, and others seemed revolutionary theory, tactics, strategy, to be waiting for Jim to set the Program comes first and party building he had few peers. In consonance with the importance example. The program came first. Without I recall that he did demur at the he attached to this question, the prob­ When the matter was broached with the revolutionary program there could "emeritus" title because of its connota­ lem of leadership selection, training, Jim, he chuckled and said, "I never be no Leninist combat party. That tion that he was "retiring," which he and transition on all levels was not thought anyone would use against me was Lenin's credo. It became had neither the desire nor the inten­ to be left to chance or accident, but what I was saying to them. Aren't Trotsky's view. And Cannon was their tion of doing. He was finally recon­ was invested with conscious organiza- they familiar with Rule 15, which disciple. ciled to accepting the title- with the tion and planning. _ reads: Don't do as I do, do as I say!" Jim Cannon was a remarkable understanding that it carried no im­ If you will permit me I should like Jim had all of his maxims codified orator. One of the best that the radical plication of retirement- as part of the to reminisce, at this point, about an­ into rules and listed according to num­ movement in this country has pro­ planned leadership transition initiated other facet of Jim's character. ber. No, we said, in this situation it duced. That is why most of his pub­ by himself. In order to make room on our is Rule 22 that applies, to wit: Do unto lished work appears in the form of leading committee for younger party others- or others won't do either! transcriptions of the spoken word. Party leadership leaders coming to the fore, it was Well, Jim saw the point, set the exam­ And the work that best illustrates Jim had some very strong views on agreed that a number of older leaders ple, the others followed, and the log­ and underscores the theme of my re­ the question of party leadership. In would voluntarily accept the status of jam was broken. marks this evening is the Pathfinder one of the numerous speeches in which "advisory" members with voice but no And that, my friends, is how I lost Continu&d on following page

FUND BOOSTED BY $3~ PAY TRIBUTE TO CANNON BY HELPING THE MILITANT The James P. Cannon Party-Building Fund jumped speeches and reminiscences by those who knew and ahead by $3900.52 last week from contributions and worked with him. pledges made at the Sept. 18 New York tribute to And The Militant is sorely in need of funds just Cannon. The fund total now stands at· $59,244.4 7. to meet our ongoing production costs. Soaring prices­ One of the main uses of the fund is to help publish especially paper and postage costs-require increased· The Militant. financial support from our readers. Much of Jim Cannon's energy and party-building Please send your contribution to the James P. Can­ effort went into The Militant. He was one of the pa­ non Fund to help The Militant. Any amount is ap­ per's founders, its first editor, and a longtime con­ preciated. Donors of $50 or more may choose a com­ tributor. In Cannon's letters from prison in 1944, plimentary copy of any one of Cannon's books listed one of his main concerns was how to make The Mili­ below. tant u not just another radical paper but the national paper, dominating the radical labor field." In 1974 The Militant has published 11 32-page is­ Enclosed is my contribution of(circle): sues, including this one (regular size is 28 pages). In two of these larger issues the extra space enabled $1,000 $500 $250 $100 $50 $ ___ us to immediately get into print previously unpublished interviews with Cannon. We need the added space to (Make checks payable to James P. Cannon Fund.) be able to publish further material by Cannon, as well as more messages from around the world and Please send me: ( ) The First ·Ten Years of American Communism ( ) The History of American Trotskyism ( ) Letters from Prison ( ) Notebook of an Agitator ( ) Socialism on Trial ( ) Speeches for Socialism ( ) Speeches to the Party ( ) The· Struggle for a Proletarian Party

Name ______

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Send to: James P. Cannon Fund, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014.

Fund directors: Reba Hansen and George Novack leon Trotsky in Mexico Treasurer: Andrea Morell

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 25 Tribute by Tom Kerry

•• .Our program has withstood test of time Continued from preceding page and some concretization of the prob­ en, and children like an apocalyptic Press book entitled Speeches to the able line of development. plague. Party. The book has the most reveal­ Are there any other changes re­ In the advanced capitalist sector, ing subtitle: "The Revolutionary Per­ quired in the light of the present sit­ galloping inflation and mounting un­ spective and the Revolutionary Party." uation in this country and the world? employment give rise to the specter The revolutionary perspective. That I don't think so. Changes in tempo, of economic prostration. To character­ means the program! The projection of perhaps. But not in analysis or per­ ize its incipient stage the bourgeois the course of historical development _spective. pundits have coined a new word­ culminating in the Third American Here we have an Earl Butz, our stagflation. Which means that the Revolution-the socialist revolution. exalted secretary of agriculture, who world capitalist system is sick, and It is the granite foundation upon advises those who have the temerity getting sicker. which the party rests. to protest the bounding inflation, You don't have to take my word While the many speeches and letters which imposes an ever more meager for it- read the financial pages of published in this volume are replete diet on the working people, to "tighten any of the metropolitan dailies. Pay with argument and affirmation of the their belts." That's his solution for all heed to what the bankers and finan­ revolutionary perspective in this coun­ problems. ciers, the stockjobbers and money try, the SWP's program is codified in And in the White House, surrounded changers, the cabinet ministers and written form as an appendix to the by counselors, advisors, consultants, high government officials, are saying. speeches, in the form in which it ap­ and various and sundry experts, we Their system is sick and none of their peared in 1946, as the "Theses on the have another mental midget who, medicine men have a remedy for what American Revolution." when asked what his solution was to ails them. They can't even agree on what medicine to prescribe.

We can tell them what's wrong. And we can prescribe for them a r"emedy to cure what ails them. But I am afraid they won't find our kind of medicine very palatable. As a matter of fact, to put it very bluntly, the world capitalist system is afflicted with an incurable disease. 'The SWP is the living embodiment of It is a terminal case of historical in­ the ideas for which Jim fought.' compatibility. The bourgeois parasites have simply outlived their usefulness and outworn their obnoxious presence sional leadership has been assembled on this terrestrial sphere. Or, as and trained in the irreconcilable spirit Trotsky put it more succinctly, they of the combat party of the revolution. are in the throes of their death agony. "The task of the SOCIALIST What to do about it? - WORKERS PARTY consists simply in this: to remain true to its program American revolution and banner; to render it more precise I can only repeat the truth, as set with each new development and apply down by Jim Cannon, in his draft it correctly in the class struggle; and of the "Theses on the American Rev­ to expand and grow with the growth olution," in Thesis 15, the rousing of the revolutionary mass movement, always aspiring to lead it to victory Mass meeting during 1917 Russian revolution votes to approve Bolshevik resolu­ climax and conclusion of this histori­ tion. Cannon learned importance of building revolutionary party from the Bolsheviks. cal document: in the struggle for political power." "The hopeless contradictions of That is our perspective; that is our American capitalism, inextricably tied platform, and that is our aim. up with the death agony of world We are confident that the party, the living embodiment of the ideas and That was almost 30 years ago! And the problem of runaway inflation capitalism, are bound to lead to a ideals for which Jim Cannon fought, what years! These have been years and rising unemployment, cheerfully social crisis of such catastrophic pro­ of war, revolution, and colonial up­ will successfully carry through its his­ opines that there is nothing to worry portions as will place the proletarian toric mission and thereby provide the risings; of advances and retreats, of about- things are going to get a lot revolution on the order of the day. most fitting monument to the memory victories and defeats of the world rev­ worse before they get better. "In this crisis, it is realistic to expect olution. of our teacher, guide, and leader, Jim And in his solution, the Nixon­ that the American workers, who at­ appointed and Nixon-annointed oc­ Cannon. tained trade union consciousness and Test of time cupant of the White House proffers a organization within a single decade, The "Theses on the American Rev­ plagiarized prescription from fellow will pass through another great trans­ olution" have withstood the test of cabinet member Butz: Tighten your formation in their mentality, attaining time. That is the acid test of any pro­ belts. political consciousness and organiza­ gram. In one of his letters to Farrell And this in the richest country in tion. Dobbs, dated Oct. 14, 1952, published the ~orld, with the highest level of "If in the course of this dynamic in Speeches to the Party, Cannon agricultural productivity, and with the development a mass labor party wrote in reply to some critics: potential of providing food in abun­ based on the trade unions is formed, "The Theses are a fundamental dance for use instead of profit. it will not represent a detour into re­ document. ... What is needed is formist stagnation and futility, as hap­ merely amplification, expansion, and pened in England and elsewhere in concretization of the probable line of Perspectives for capitalism the period of capitalist ascent. development (insofar as this is pos­ What is the perspective of world "From all indications, it will rather sible)." development today? represent a preliminary stage in the These words, written 22 years ago, In many of the underdeveloped political radicalization of the Amer­ can be repeated today without the countries, in which reside the bulk ican workers, preparing them for the change of a single word. With perhaps of the world's population, hunger, direct leadership of the revolutionary some amplification, some expansion, starvation, famine, devour men, worn- party. "The revolutionary vanguard party, destined to lead this tumultous revo­ lutionary movement in the U. S., does Building the revolutionary party not have to be created. It already exists, and its name is the SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY. It is still possible to get extra A guide to study of- "It is the sole legitimate heir and copies of the Sept. 6 special issue continuator of pioneer American Com­ munism and, the revolutionary move­ of The_ Militant containing the James P. Cannon's writings ments of the American workers from speeches from the Political Trib­ This study guide, issued by the Socialist Workers Party Education Department, which it sprang. Its nucleus has al· ute to Jim Cannon held in Ober­ covers: the precursors of American Trotskyism, the origins and early tactics of ready taken shape in three decades lin, Ohio, Aug. 23. the American Trotskyist movement, lessons from party expansion in the 1940s, of unremitting work and struggle To receive one or more copies lessons from internal struggles in the SWP, internationalism, and perspectives against the stream. Its program has for the American revolution. - been hammered out in ideological bat­ of this special issue, send 25 cents tles and successfully defended against for each to: Militant Business Of­ For a free copy, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope to SWP Education every kind of revisionist assault upon fice, 14 Charles Lane, New York, Department, 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. I 0014. it. N.Y. 10014. . "The fundamental core of a profes-

26 Socialist activists conference What strategy for the Black struggle? By NORMAN OLIVER Where does the struggle for Black lib­ eration stand today? What strategy will carry the struggle forward? What can be learned from the experiences of the struggle up to now? These questions were discussed in some of the talks, classes, and work­ shops at the Socialist Activists and Educational Conference held in Ober­ lin, Ohio, in August. The gathering, attended by 1,250 people, was spon­ sored by the Young Socialist Alliance with the participation of the Socialist Workers Party. A talk by SWP leader and New York State gubernatorial candidate Derrick Morrison traced the history of the Black struggle since the 1954 Supreme Court decision on desegre­ gation and drew lessons for today. Morrison described the huge chan­ ges that have taken place in this coun­ Demonstration against police terror in Atlanta. Revolutionary socialists have been active in this and similar protests around try as a result of these 20 years of the country. struggle. He explained how 20 years ago there was a whole system of laws make are marked by the two Supreme In trying to forge a strategy to cope in the South- the Jim Crow laws­ Black people need," Pulley declared. Court decisions, which stand at each with such problems, however, these that had much in common with the "It is for these reasons that the SWP end of this 20-year period. The 1954 activists could not turn to the labor apartheid system in South Mrica. and YSA are campaigning for and court decision ruled against de jure movement for militant support and "There officially existed separate pushing forward so energetically the segregation, but this year the court collaboration. Labor's leadership was schools, libraries, and recreation idea that a party that represents the threw out the plan to desegregate the conservative and in many cases op­ parks for Blacks and whites," Mor­ working class is needed. Detroit school system. The justices posed to the struggles of Black Amer­ rison said. "Drinking fountains and "In our socialist election campaigns claimed that if Detroit schools were icans. In this situation, many Black toilets were marked 'white' and 'col­ we aim to convince Black and other integrated with the schools in the 53 organizations and leaders turned to ored.' The back of the bus was re­ working people to break from the par­ suburban districts surrounding De­ liberals in the capitalist parties and served for Blacks, and on the trains ties that administer their oppression troit, this would create "administrative the ruling class. Blacks were segregated into special and to support the party- the SWP­ difficulties." Some groups, such as the Student coaches. Even school books were Jim that represents their class interests." ''What the justices were really say­ Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Crow, with the law requiring that the Pulley explained that socialists ad­ ing," Morrison explained, ''is that if and the Black Panther Party, began to differing editions had to be stored sep­ vocate the building of a mass Black chart a more militant course. But in­ arately lest they touch each other. And the schools were desegregated on such party and a labor party based on the a scale, then that would pose the ques­ stead of charting a course that would in one Southern state is was illegal trade unions because the development mobilize the masses in struggle they to have an interracial game of check­ tion of desegregating housing on that of either would signify the political scale. And if housing were desegre­ fell into ultraleft positions. This, ers." awakening of the working class and coupled with the intense government The Jim Crow system grew up in gated, job patterns would then have Black people. This would represent to be desegregated. In other words, repression of these organizations, led the period after Reconstruction. Seg­ "a step in the direction of the construc­ to their isolation and disintegration. regation and the white-racist terror desegregating the schools would pose tion of the mass revolutionary social­ Other militant groups, such as the that enforced it were used to maintain the question of desegregating every ist party that is indispensable for aspect of ghetto existence. Congress for Racial Equality, were Blacks as a cheap labor supply of Black and labor emancipation." bought off with foundation or poverty sharecroppers and tenant farmers. But Taking up the role that revolution­ program money. Jim Crow was not restricted to rural ary socialists will play in the Black Given the fundamental nature of the areas. It was instituted throughout the liberation movement, Pulley said, ''We problems facing Black people, to lead South and parts of the North. see ourselves as part of the militant the movement forward today, 'it will leadership that must be built if the Downfall of Jim Crow take a highly conscious leadership, struggle is going to go forward, a a more conscious leadership than .it "Two forces, spawned and generated leadership that understands the neces­ took to win the victory over Jim by American capitalism's growth and sity of political independence from and Crow," Morrison said. expansion, helped dig the grave of the opposition to the ruling class." "It will take a leadership that under­ Jim Crow system," Morrison said. Although Black people in their ma­ stands that nothing will be gained by "These were the mechanization of Sou­ jority vote Democratic, there are many reliance on the capitalist class or the thern agriculture and industrializa­ independent struggles taking place to­ parties controlled by that class. It will tion, which spurred the urbanization day in the Black community that so­ take a leadership that understands and proletarianization of the op­ cialists can and should participate in. that gains can only be made through pressed Black nationality." the independent struggle of the masses. In the cities, where Black people had Independent struggles And for the task of winning the battle more social weight and potential po­ Such struggles, Pulley explained, to completely end Black oppression litical power, it was harder to main­ Derrick Morrison drew lessons of past 20 ''help increase the organization and and liberate Black people, such a lead­ tain the Jim Crow system. years for Black liberation movement confidence of the Black community, ership will ultimately have to be a But the downfall of Jim Crow did today. educate Black people about the na- revolutionary leadership." not come of itself, Morrison explained. Confinued on page 30 Without a struggle, without the civil "The abolition of the segregation of rights movement, Jim Crow would not Blacks in the inner cities and whites The way forward have fallen under its own weight. in the suburbs would mean funda­ The building of this revolutionary Civil rights fighters, bolstered by mentally reorganizing this society; it leadership and the way forward for national liberation struggles in the co­ would mean getting at the class roots the movement were the subject of a lonial world, forced one concession af­ of racist oppression. And that is what talk by Andrew Pulley, national chair­ ter another out of the white rulers of neither the Supreme Court nor the man of the Young Socialist Alliance. America. "This," explained Morrison, ruling class for which it speaks wants." Pulley described the worsening situa­ "is what has unfolded in the years tion Black people face today in light from the decision in 1954 on Jim Crisis of perspective of the rampant inflation, unemploy­ Crow education to the decision .in July In discussing the currents and ten­ ment, and massive cuts in already in­ 1974 on the Detroit schools. The cap­ dencies that developed in the 20-year adequately funded social services. italist ruling class, after massive strug­ period between 1954 and 1974, Mor­ "An important thing to keep in mind gles, by Black people, was forced to ison explained how -the activists in this regard," Pulley said, ''is that concede the end of so-called de jure trained in the civil rights movement there is a growing recognition on the segregation. . . . But it has tried to developed a crisis of perspective when part of many Black people that the call a halt to any attempt to dismantle they tried to deal with the more basic solutions to these problems can be so-called de facto segregation and to economic problems of Black people. made only on a governmental level." end the continuing economic oppres­ These problems, which are becom­ Black people need a government sion of Black people. It was possible, ing more acute for Black people to­ that would operate in their interests, under capitalism, to end Jim Crow, day, are fundamental to capitalism. It ensure jobs for all, and put its re­ but it is not possible under this sys­ will take a mass workers movement sources into beefing up the education­ Militant/Howard Petrick tem to liberate Black people." carrying out struggles independent of al system and meeting other social YSA national chairman Andrew Pulley The limits of the changes that the the capitalist class to begin to solve needs. discussed need to build revolutionary ruling class is willing and able to these problems. "A workers government is what leadership.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 27 Resisters demand unconditional amnesty Continued lrom page 32 er wouldn't tell us where Charlie was. Gerry Condon, of AmexjCanada, cy Review Board, told Ebony, "the common mood: "I'm going back with Just clicked off a round and blew the said, "They're trying to divide war really vicious part about all this is a gun at my back." kid's head off right in her arms." resisters and deserters from other vic­ that the veteran himself has no idea Geryl Fish, a 22-year-old Black vet Did he report that murder, the Times tims of the war. To say that we are what the code means or why it was told a New York Times reporter: asked? responsible for the soldiers that died put there.... All this compounds the "Report?" he snorted. "Report to in Vietnam is like saying that a person employment problem faced by minori­ "What Ford offers isn't enough. It whom? The lieutenant and the captain who missed a plane is to blame when ties, especially since racial attitudes on ought to be unconditional- no were standing right behind me." it crashes." the part of some officers and NCO's strings, no nothing. Just leave them The majority of war resisters who The Canadian government, which are prejudicial." alone. fled the country went to Canada- the previously had open doors to war Thus, "Many veterans without the "I was young when I joined the precise number is unknown-but resisters, is now warming up to Ford's means to make an honest living are Marines- only 19 then- and I didn't there are also groups of resisters in plan and creating a new problem for sometimes forced to do so by illegal know any better. I was stupid. It was Britain, France, and Sweden. the exiles. A Canadian immigration means," Ebony reported. not a war to be proud of, to tell your Gary Davis, a resister living in Mon­ spokesman recently announced that "The AC L U Foundation reports kids you fought in, or your grand­ treal, said: anyone reaffirming allegiance to the that a startling proportion of the black children. "We feel that the majority won't go U.S., which is required under Ford's prisoners in the jails of this country "We were going to help those people, back. Certainly at this point, the ones plan, might forfeit the right to live are men with less-than-honorable dis­ right? We didn't help them. We de­ who do will be mostly the under­ in Canada. charges. The vicious cycle of discrimi­ stroyed them. That place will never be ground types who can't meet Cana­ A lawyer at the Toronto war resist­ nation in the discharge process aggra­ even close to right again. dian immigration requirements and ers conference described Ford's offer vates the drug abuse and crime prob­ "I saw a guy blow a baby's head have been having a rough time getting as a "one-way door out of Canada." lem in ghetto communities and the off, right in her arms, when the moth- by." One category of G Is skipped over problem of unemployment. ... " by Ford's plan are the 500,000 who One old-timer was straight to the were given less-than-honorable dis­ point. He told a reporter for the New charges for various petty violations York Amsterdam News, a Black of military code. The demand for un­ newspaper, of his opinion of Ford's conditional amnesty should include plan, "I agree with amnesty for the them. Black men who refused to go to war There are five types of military dis­ because this country has not done charges. Three of them- "undesir­ anything for those who did go and able," "dishonorable," and 'bad con­ fight." duct"- can mean anything from los­ ing veteran's benefits, to preventing one from getting a job or even getting on welfare. From 1967 to 1972 alone, the num­ Ford pickets ber of undesirable discharges- which are issued administratively and don't require even a semblance of due pro­ call for cess like a court-martial- jumped from 9,920 to 40,018. Many of those amnesty G Is are Blacks. DETROIT- Several hundred peo­ The September issue of Ebony mag­ ple gathered here Sept. 23 to picket azine explains what less-than-honor­ President Ford as he spoke to the able discharges can mean. They can World Energy Conference. A num­ mean 'being denied most all G I bene­ ber of groups participated, raising fits, even after combat duty. This various demands, the most com­ means no education, housing and mon of which was unconditional medical benefits; no G I Bill, no jobs amnesty for all war resisters. with local, city or federal govern­ James Lafferty, coordinator of the ments, which includes the post office, sponsoring Ad Hoc Committee for transit systems, antipoverty pro­ Unconditional Amnesty for all War grams." Resisters, expressed the overwhelm­ Moreover, vets with bad discharges ing sentiment of the demonstrators: ''find it harder, if not impossible, to "Thousands chose not to partici­ procure life and medical insurance, pate in the atrocity of Vietnam by mortgages, home improvement loans, evading the draft or deserting. The bonding or credit. They can't even get government labels these people on welfare." criminals. We disagree. These peo­ In addition to less-than-honorable ple committed no crime. The real discharges, the military puts a code criminal is in Washington. on all discharge papers indicating the 'We demand that all war resisters, type of discharge the GI received. Em­ whether they be veterans or exiles ployers can read these codes. or deserters, be granted uncondi­ Vernon Jordan, head of the Urban tional amnesty now." Army stockade. War resisters reject concept of 'punitive repatriation.' League and a member of the Clemen- ... Protests hit cop killing of Claude Reese Continued lrom page 32 He died a couple of hours later on persed the crowd by running their the expense of the community's de­ Young Reese fell mortally wounded, the operating table. cars into it and then getting out to mands. hit in the back of the head. Bosco beat up whoever they caught. The The leaders called for a protest claimed Reese threatened him with a The murder touched off angry meet­ b"rutality was so crude that reports rally and demonstration at city hall metallic object in his hand that looked ings and demonstrations in the com­ of it appeared two days later in the on Sept. 25. like a gun. But how could this have munity. More than 100 people met New York Times. The approach of Democratic Mayor been true, since he was shot from Sept. 16 in the auditorium .of the Times reporter Mary Breasted wrote, Beame and his city administration has behind, without even knowing that the Brownsville Community Action Asso­ for example, that three reporters "saw been to whitewash the police murder intruder was dressed in blue? ciates, the local federally funded anti­ six policemen beat a man to the with a few sops to the public outcry. Claude, an eighth-grader, was about poverty program. They formed the ground, then stand over him and beat The capitalist media have taken up five feet tall and weighed about 100 Ad Hoc Committee for Justice for him over and over with their clubs." this line as well. pounds. Claude Reese, headed by Irene Austin. "A few minutes before," she stated, The New York Times, for example, Eighteen-year-old Patricia Reese told With the aid of the Bronx and ''reporters saw the police club a man while running reports on police bru­ us what happened when she came Newark chapters of the Congress of to the ground on the other side of East tality and stinging commentaries on upon the scene after hearing the re­ African People, the Ad Hoc Commit­ New York Avenue and then file past the conditions of poverty in Browns­ ports that her brother had been shot. tee held a news conference Sept. 18 to him, each one kicking him in the ribs." ville, has done its best to present the announce a funeral march that even­ side of the cops. One such front-page When she tried to approach her ing and a meeting with Mayor Ab­ None of the demands of the Ad Hoc article was headlined, "Bosco Shot 'Be­ brother, who was lying face down raham Beame the next morning to Committee were satisfied in the meet­ cause I Was Going to Die'." on the pavement, either Bosco or his present their demands. Two of the ing with Mayor Beame. At an out­ The Brooklyn Socialist Workers Par­ partner told her to stay back. Then demands called for Bosco's suspen­ door rally attended by several hun­ ty issued a statement demanding that si1e watched incredulously as the two sion and trial for murder. dred that night, committee leaders and Bosco be tried for murder and calling cops put handcuffs on her brother Several thousand people participat­ community leaders such as Sonny for the removal of the cops from and picked "him up like he was a ed in the funeral march. But as they Carson denounced Mayor Beame and Brownsville. This statement was dis­ dog or a piece of meat" and put him waited outside to get into the chapel, the Black politicians who fronted for tributed by SWP supporters in Browns­ in the patrol car. the police brutally broke up and dis- and collaborated with the mayor at ville and in other parts of Brooklyn. 28 Sales goal met in 20 cities Militant circulation drive goes over top By ROSE OGDEN met because a number of cities went cause of racism and poverty. ternative. All readers are invited to The angry reaction to the "full, free, over their targets. Charles Sabatini sold 100 Militants take part in this campaign to build and absolute" pardon granted Nixon Supporters in Houston and Denver at this event. He, like many other sell- The Militant into the socialist news­ by his hand-picked successor generated raced ahead, selling 140 percent of ers, found that the interviewwithJames weekly by taking a weekly bundle _to an enthusiastic response to The Mili- their goals. Both of these areas aimed P. Cannon by a Mexican revolution- sell (see coupon on page 31). tant's Sept. 20 issue, headlined "Nix- to step 'up their sales because of activi- ist helped to further spark interest in on pardon: capitalist 'justice'". ty taking place in the Chicano commu- The Militant among Chicanos. nities in commemoration of Mexican Supporters in Denver report a simi- Twenty areas met their goals. This Independence Day. lar experience at the Mexican Indepen- Scoreboard is 69 percent of the 29 areas report­ Four hundred seventy Chicanos par- dence Day events held in that city. SOLD ing their sales- a good score for the ticipating in the Fiestas Patrias pa- They sold 89 copies-all the copies LAST second week of The Militant's sales rade and rally in Houston bought they had on hand. AREA GOAL WEEK % campaign. a copy of The Militant The Militant's Detroit reports a good example of Houston 500 699 140 Our aim is for every area to con­ analysis of the pardon was especially the importance of maintaining consis- Denver 500 455 140 sistently sell the number of Militants welcomed at this event. Many people tent sales in regular locations. Dur- Twin Cities 400 514 129 each has set as a goal. Although some expressed their l\flger at Nixon walk- ing the spring sales campaign they Son Francisco 375 444 118 fell short with sales of the Sept. 20 ing off scot-free while thousands of sent teams to a college in Mount Pleas- Boston 600 702 117 issue, the national goal of 9, 400 was Chicanos are locked behind bars be- ant, Mich., on a regular basis. Al- LA (Central-East) 400 450 113 though slow in starting up those teams Portland 300 328 109 this fall, when they arrived on cam­ Philadelphia 400 430 108 pus during the third week of school Detroit 475 500 105 they were greeted by a number of Cleveland 250 263 105 students who said they had been look­ St. Louis 400 412 103 ing for The Militant for two weeks! Atlanta 475 486 102 Militant sellers are always looking Upper West Side NY 425 433 102 for opportunities to sell The Militant. Son Diego 275 276 100 You might not expect a meeting of Sun Lawrence, Kans. 25 25 100 Myung Moon, a reactionary evangel­ Logon, Utah 25 25 100 ist from South Korea, to be a likely Highland Pork, NJ 13 13 100 spot for Militant sales. However, The Syracuse 5 5 100 Militant's article on the witch-hunt in Corona, NY 5 5 100 South Korea enabled Upper West Side Toledo 15 15 100 New York supporters to sell134 cop­ ies of the paper to people who came Brooklyn 400 366 92 to protest Moon's political views and Chicago 675 606 90 to curiosity-seekers. Seattle 350 315 90 Portland not only met their sales Oakland/Berkeley 700 600 86 goal for the second week in a row, Washington, DC 400 336 84 but they also helped boost The Mili­ LA (West Side) 400 312 78 tant's drive for 12,000 new subscrib­ Milwaukee 75 54 72 ers by selling 97 Militant subscrip­ Pittsburgh 375 266 71 tions on campuses in their region. Lower Manhattan 450 88 20 The Militant's sales campaign is TOTAL SOLD Militant/Nelson Blac:kstock aimed to increase our weekly sales LAST WEEK 9.400 9.423 100 Charles Sabatini sold 100 Militants at Fiestas Potrias celebration in Houston and reach out with the socialist al-

Judge moves site of trial Milwaukee march to protest racist frame-up By TOM MAURER of other groups and prominent indi­ Milwaukee police department. Accord­ Powless, American Indian Movement; MILWAUKEE-A march and dem- viduals. ing to the exam, the cops were killed Ernesto Chacon, Latin American onstration has been called here for Mendoza has been charged with ·two by dum-dum bullets from one of their Union for Civil Rights; Los Univer­ Oct. 5 to demand the dropping of all counts of first-degree murder in the own guns. sitarios of the University of Wiscon­ charges against James Ray Mendoza, July 10 shooting deaths of two off­ Despite this evidence, Mendoza is in sin-Milwaukee (UWM); UWM Femi­ whose murder trial is set to begin duty cops outside a South Side Mil­ jail, with bail set at $100,000. nist Center; Black state legislator Oct. 8. Mendoza's trial- on charges waukee bar. Lloyd Barbee; United Youth Federa­ of killing two off-duty cops-has been Following the killings, cops ram­ Organizations and individuals that tion; Wisconsin Alliance; Young So­ moved 207 miles away by local paged through the Latino community, have endorsed the Oct. 5 demonstra- cialist Alliance; Revolutionary Union; authorities in reaction to growing pro­ ransacking homes, offices, and an tion to free Mendoza include Herb and Youth Against War and Fascism. tests against this frame-up case. antipoverty agency. The trial will now take place in The strongest "evidence" against rural, nearly all white Sparta, Wis. Mendoza is the testimony of a woman The change of venue was ordered who says she heard two "Spanish­ Sept. 9 by Judge Hugh O'Connell, speaking" men arguing and fighting over the objections of Mendoza's at­ with a white man. She claimed they torney. beat the man, knocked him to the Seventy-five supporters of the Ray ground, then shot him. However, a Mendoza Defense Committee picketed medical examination showed that the courthouse here Sept. 12 to de­ there were no cuts, scratches, or nounce O'Connell's ruling and to de­ bruises on the cops' bodies, just gun­ mand the immediate release of Men- shot wounds. doza. The defense committee is also The frame-up of Mendoza is being building the Oct. 5 demonstration. pressed despite the testimony of an­ Participating in the committee are oth~r woman who says she saw James activists in Milwaukee's Latino com­ Matulis, younger brother of one of munity, members of the United Youth the slain cops, shoot at least one of Federation (a Mexican-Puerto Rican the officers. District Attorney E. group), Young Socialist Alliance, Rev­ Michael McCann has termed the wom­ olutionary Union, and Youth Against an an "unreliable" witness. War and Fascism. Other witnesses have said the The committee organized picket lines younger Matulis was arguing with his throughout the preliminary hearings brother in the bar prior to the for Mendoza in August and Septem­ shooting. ber, and held a rally of 400 at the Police claim they found Mendoza's courthouse Aug. 13. .22-caliber revolver at the scene of The defense committee ·is also the killings. However, the medical launching a campaign to get out the exam showed that the cops were shot facts on the case and gain the support with a .38, the caliber used by the Sept. 12 picket line in Milwaukee demanded all charges be dropped against Mendoza

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 29 NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE. attorney Daly Tooley's case against ington followed a policy of "noninter­ THE CASE FOR UNCONDITIONAL AMNESTY: PANEL Garrison out of court. vention" in Chile. DISCUSSION. Speakers: Eddie Sowders, coordinator, Lilly's ruling is seen here as an at­ Sole Return Amnesty Committee; Howard Gressey, Actually the current CIA revelations coordinator, Project Amnesty; Katherine Sojourner, tempt to weaken the Garrison defense come as no surprise to anyone the Calendar Socialist Workers Party; a representative of Ad Hoc by forcing supporters of Garrison to least acquainted with the nature of the AnANTA Committee lor Unconditional Amnesty at Columbia travel long distances to attend his U.S. government. THE AMNESTY FRAUD. Speakers: Brian Riffert, Viet· University. Fri., Od. 4, 8 p.m. 2726 Broadway (near trial. During the first day of Garri­ nom veteran and member, Socialist Workers Party; 104th St.), Third Floor. Donation: ~1. Ausp: West Side The problem is U.S. foreign policy Geoff Pope, coordinator, Atlanta Workshop in Non­ Militant Forum. For more information call (212) 663- son's trial the judge banned specta­ and the CIA itself, not the lack of violence; others. Fri., Od. 4, 8:30 p.m. 68 Peachtree 3000. tors not only from the courtroom but "oversight" of CIA operations by Con­ St., Third Floor. Donation: SJ. Ausp: Militant Boollstore from all adjacent public areas in the gress. Forum Series. For more information call (404) 523· OAKLAND/BERKELEY courthouse. 0610. THE RULING QASS AT BOHEMIA GROVE. Speaker: Lilly has set Oct. 1 as the date when The members of Congress today ex­ G. William Domhoff, author of Who Rules America; he will announce. where a new- trial pressing their "surprise" at the dis­ BROOKLYN plus slide show. Fri., Od. 4, 8 p.m. 1849 University closures of CIA crimes are more con­ BROOKLYN SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN BAN­ Ave., Berkeley. Donation: Sl. Ausp: Militant Forum. for Garrison will begin. QUET. Speakers: Maceo Dixon, cochairman, Socialist Far more information call {415) 548-0354. cerned with getting at Ford, the Re­ Workers 1974 Notional Campaign Committee; M010o publican, and Kissinger, a holdover ine Williams, SWP candidate lor U.S. Congress, 12th PHILADELPHIA of the Nixon administration, than they C.D.; Rebecca Finch, SWP candidate lor U.S. Senate WOMEN IN POLinCS: FILM AND PANEL DISCUS. are in exposing the evidence of CIA from New York. Sot., Od. 5. 5 p.m., social hour; 6:30 SION. Speakers to be announced. Fri., Oct. 4, 8 p.m. complicity in Allende's overthrow. But p.m., dinner; 8 p.m., program. Party to follow. 136 1004 Filbert {one blocl. north of Market). Donation: ... strategy behind their expressed dismay at the lawrence 'st. {near A&S). Donation: S5; $1 lor pro­ $]. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call gram and party only. Ausp: Socialist Workers Cam­ (215) WAS-4316_. Continued from page 27 CIA's role is something else- their paign Committee. For more hi/ormation call (212) ture of this society, and win gains for awareness of growing public anger 596-2917. Black people." ,, over the rottenness in government. They know that exposure of the lies CHICAGO Pulley outlined some of the struggles SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN RALLY. Speakers: members of the SWP and .YSA have about the role of the CIA adds a bit Ed Heisler, Socialist Workers Party candidate lor U.S. been involved in. These include de­ more to the widespread sentiment fa­ Senate from Illinois; Jane VanDeusen, SWP candidate ... Denver Continued from ppge 9 fense cases in many cities around the voring a thorough housecleaning job lor governor of Minnesota; Anita leflore, AFSCME country. One of the most important in Washington, and it is this phenome­ local 2000, Illinois social service employees and execu­ rado University board of regents, of these is that of the Attica Brothers non in American politics that worries tive board member of Coalition of Block Trade Union­ spoke about his party's 1974 cam­ defense. them. ists. Sot., Od. 12. 7 p.m., reception; 8 p.m., rally. paign. Rodriguez is the only Raza 428 S. Wabash, Fifth Floor. Donation: $1.50. Ausp: Others include struggles against po­ Unida candidate running for state­ Illinois Socialist Workers Campaign Committee. For lice brutality; the fight for Puerto Ri­ more information call {312) 939-0756. wide office-this year. can, Chinese, and Black control of the Rodriguez explained that his cam­ schools in New York City's District LOS ANGELES: WEST SIDE paign would be bilingual. Che Luera, WHY SOCIALISTS SUPPORT AN INCORPORATED CITY 1; building the Coalition of Labor Rodriguez's running mate for the re­ OF EAST LOS ANGELES. Speaker: Mariana Hernan­ Union Women; organizing actions in ... ballot gents seat from the first district, ad­ dez, Socialist Workers Party candidate lor city council defense of the Portuguese African colo­ Continued from page I 8 of East los Angeles. Fri., Od. 4, 8 p.m. 230 Broadway,. dressed the rally in Spanish. The re­ nies' right to immediate independence; parties, which designed the election Second Floor, Santa Monico. Donation: Sl. Ausp: West· gents candidates demand that the per­ helping to organize strike support; ac­ laws to discriminate against any form Side Militant Forum. For more information call {213) centage of students enrolled in higher 394-9050. tions in support of child care; and of independent political action, are try­ education institutions be increased to protest actions against repression in ing to prevent the voters from hearing equal the percentage of Chicanos in MILWAUKEE Chile, Korea, Iran, and against Zion­ any alternative to their policies. AmCA: DOCUMENTARY FILM BY CINDA FIRESTONE. Colorado. Rodriguez called for com­ ist terror against the Palestinian and "This deliberate effort by the Demo­ Fri.&Sat.,Od.4&5,7:30p.m. 2200 E. Kenwood Blvd. plete student control over all Chicano. Bolton Hall, Rm. 46. Donation: Sl. Ausp: Young So­ other Arab peoples. cratic Party to deny candidates of studies departmentfunds. cialist Alliance. For more information call (414) 963- A workshop was held following Pul­ smaller parties the right to run for Other speakers at the rally included: 5551. ley's talk where participants in many office should be fought by all those Father Joseph Lara of Our Lady of MINNEAPOLIS of these various struggles met to dis­ concerned with preserving civil liber­ Guadalupe Church; Ernesto Vigil, Ra­ cuss their activities. ties." SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN BANQUET AND za Unida Party candidate for state RALLY. Speakers: Debbie Bustin. cochoirwoman, So­ Two other areas of revolutionary The Committee for Democratic Elec­ senate, district two; Jesus Valderrama, cialist Workers 1974 Notional Campaign Committee; socialist activity in· the Black libera­ tion Laws (CoDEL) is appealing for Jane Van Deusen, SWP candidate lor governor of United Farm Workers; and Jose Cal­ tion struggle, Pulley reported, will be further support for the democratic Minnesota; Rolph Schwartz, SWP candidate lor lieu­ der6n and Jose Gonzales, state co­ the continued campaign against right of the SWP to ballot status. It tenant governor of Minnesota. Sot., Od. 5. 5:30 p.m., chairmen of La Raza Unida Party. refreshments; 6:30, banquet, 8 p.m., rally. 25 Uni­ Watergate-type repression and efforts urges that telegrams and letters of Antonio Alcantar, the sole~survivor versity Ave., S.E., Mpls. {near Central .University.) to educate the Black community about protest be sent to the New York State of the May 29 bomb blast in Boulder, Donation: $4.50; $1 lor rally only. Ausp: Minnesota socialist ideas and win Black people Board of Elections, 194 Washington Socialist Workers Campaign Committee. For more was introduced to the demonstrators. inlormotio"n call (612) 332-7781. to the revolutionary movement. Ave., Albany, N.Y. 10013. District judge Joseph Lilly on Sept. NASHVILLE 17 ruled a mistrial in the Gary Gar­ Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 WHICH WAY FOR THE MIDDLE EAST: ONE YEAR cents per line of 56-character-wide typ• rison case and for a change of venue AFTER THE OCTOBER WAR. Speakers: Basil Ab ... Eid, wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per Palestinian student, Becky Mitchell, Young Socialist for his next trial. column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad Alliance. Tues., Od. I, 8 p.m. 208 E. Carmichael Lilly claimed that pretrial pliblicity ... Chile is enclosed). Payment must be included Towers {corner 24th Ave. S. ond West End Ave.) Ausp: issued by the defense committee had Continued from page 4 Young Socialist Forum. For more information call (615) with ads. The Militant is published each made it impossible for a "fair" trial to Moreover, the Senate Subcommittee 383-2583. week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: take place in Denver! The defense at­ on Multinational Corporations voted Friday, one week prec;eding publication, NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN torneys for Garrison argued that ad­ that same day to reject a staff re­ for classified and display ads; Wednes­ THE ROCKEFELLER COVER-UP: HIDDEN MONEY AND verse pretrial publicity in Denver's port recommending contempt and pos­ day noon, two days preceding publica­ HIDDEN POWER. Speaker: Dick Roberts, stall writer daily papers seeking to make Garri­ sible perjury proceedings against State of The Militant. Fri., Oct. 4, 8 p.m. 706 Broadway tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) {near 4th St.), Eighth Floor. Donation: $1. Ausp: Mili­ son appear as a Chicano terrorist re­ Department officials who had insisted 243-6392. tant Forum. For more information call (212) 982-6051. quired Lilly to throw Denver district at last year's ITT hearings that Wash- Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Steve Shliveck, P. 0. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree Bookstore, 25 U11iversity Ave. S. E., Mpls., Minn. 55414. lege, Edinboro, Po. 16412. Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. 85281, St., N. E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Go. 30303. SWP and Tel: (612) 332-7781. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 1004 Tucson: YSA,c/o Tim Clennon, S. U. P. 0. Box 20965, YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Go. 30301. Tel: (404) MISSOURI: St. louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, · Filbert St. (one block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. Tucson, Ariz. 85720. 52J.Q610. 4660 Maryland, Suite 17, St louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: 19107. Tel: {215) WAS-4316. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA,1849 HAWAII: Honolulu: YSA, c/o David Hough, 629 Ban­ (314) 367-2520. Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA, Pothli nder Press, 3400 Filth University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: (415) nister St. *4, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA, c/o Richard Ariza, Ave., Pittsburgh, Po. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. 548-0354. ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 515 S. First Ave., Highland Pork, N.J. 08904. Tel: Stole College: YSA, 333 logon Ave. *401, State Col­ los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ S. Wabash, Filth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP­ (201) 828-4710. lege, Po. 16801. store, 710 S. Westlake Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90057. (312) 939-0737, YSA- (312) 427-0280, Pathfinder Books NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer livingston, TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P.O. Box 67, Station Tel: (213) 483-1512. - (312) 939-0756. 317 State St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. B, Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 383-2583. los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 Brood­ INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Wil­ TEXAS: Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, way, Santo Monico, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213) 394-9050. Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. loughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212)596-2849. 331 i Montrose, Houston, Texas 77006. Tel: (713) 526- los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Dove Ellis, 1309 E. Vermont, BuHolo: YSA, P. 0. Box 604, Buffalo, N.Y. 14240. 1082. lake Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483- Indianapolis, Ind. 46202. New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Brood­ Son Antonio: YSA, c/o Andy Go~zolez, 2203 W. 0357. KANSAS: lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Storr,3020 way (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: Houston, Son Antonio, Texas 78207. Son Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Iowa St., Apt. C-14, lawrence, Kans. 66044. Tel: (913) (212) 982-4966. UTAH: logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State Uni­ El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) 864-4738 or 842-8658. lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore. versity, logon, Utah 84321. 280-1292. KENTUCKY: louisviile: YSA, Box 8026, louisville, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. WASHINGTON, D. C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Ky. 40208. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Books­ 1345 E St. N. W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D. C. 20004. Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., Son Francisco, Col if. MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant (212) 982-5940. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-;(202) 783-2363. 94103. Tel: (415! 864-9174. ~obor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young Social­ Sun Jose: YSA, c/o John Hummer, 96 S. 17th St., Moss. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, YSA-(617) Ave., Ossining, N.Y. 10562. Tel: (914) 941-8565. ist Books, Rm. 213, Viking Union, Western Washington San Jose, Calif. 95112. Tel: (408) 354-2373. 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speakers' Bureau (IASB) Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Stole College, Bellingham, Wash. 98225. Tel: (206) Santo Barbara: YSA, P. 0. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa and Regional Committee- (617) 482-8052; Pathfinder 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York, N.Y. 10025. 676-3460. Borboro, Calif. 93107. Books-(617) ~38-8560. Tel: (212) 663-3000. Pullman: YSA, c/o Student Acti~ities Office, Wash­ COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Book­ MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103 Mich. OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box ington State University, Pullman, Wash. 99163. >tore, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: SWP Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 481 04. 32084, Cincinnati, Ohio 45232. Tel: (513) 242-9043. Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5623 -•303) 623-2825, YSA- (303) 266-9431. Tel: (313) 668-6334. C::levelond: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., University Way N.E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, P.O. Box 1184, Hart­ Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Wood­ Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Tel: SWP-(216) 391-5553. 522-7800. ford, Conn. 061 01 . word Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEl-6135. · YSA-(216) 391-3278. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, 108 N. Breese Terr., FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Meriwether Shep­ East lansing: YSA, Second Floor Offices, Union Bldg. OREGON: Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stork, Madison, Wis. 53705. herd, 811 W. Pensacola St., Tallahassee, Flo. 32304. Michigan State University, East lansing, Mich. 48823. Filth Floor, Portland, Ore. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Milwaukee: YSA, UW-Milwaukee Union Box 139, Rm. Tel: (904) 222-2253. MINNESOTA: Minneopoli&-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, labor PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Col- E-382, Milwaukee, Wis. 53201. Tel: (414) 963-5551.

30 BOOKS BY Help sell ·JAMES R CANNON The Militant

Join The Militant's soles campaign by taking a regular bundie to sell on your campus, at your job, or near where you live. The cost is 17 cents per copy, and we will bill you at the end of each month. I want to toke a weekly sales goal of ___ Send me a weekly bundle of ___ ( ) Enclosed is $4 for a Militani' shoulder bog (large enough to carry doz­ ens of Militants plus books, leaflets, etc.) Name------

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THE FIRST TEN YEARS NOTEBOOK OF Read the OF AMERICAN COMMUNISM AN AGITATOR Preface by Theodore Draper. Cannon Introduction by Joseph Hansen. These was a founder and leader of the U.S. are selections of Cannon's writings Young Communist Party until his expulsion from the labor and radical press span­ in 1928 for opposition to Stalinism. ning the years 1926-1956. They in­ In this collection of letters to historian clude articles on Sacco and Vanzetti, Socialist Draper, he describes the efforts of the 1930s strike upsurge, the Korean the pioneer American communists to war, Stalinism, and sketches of figures apply the lessons of the Russian rev­ in the radical and labor movement. Join the olution to this country, and he explains 369 pp., $8.95, paper $3.45. the impact of Stalinism on the Ameri­ can CP. 343 pp., $10, paper $3.45. LETTERS FROM PRISON Young Introduction by Jack Barnes. In these THE HISTORY OF letters written from Sandstone Peni­ Socialist AMERICAN TROTSKYISM tentiary, Cannon discusses the prac­ Introduction by Caroline Lund. This his­ tical problems of building the revolu­ tory tells of the founding of the Trotsky­ tionary party, the role of the revolu­ Alliance ist movement in 1928 and its develop­ tionary press, the building of a rev­ The Young Socialist Alliance is out to transform this society from top to bottom. ment, through recruitment from the olutionary international, and more. 355 pp., $7.50, paper $3.45. We are fighting for a socialist world, where human needs will come before Communist Party, strike battles of the 1930s, fusion with A. J. Muste's Ameri­ private profit. can Workers Party, and entry into the Socialist Party. The account ends in SPEECHES FOR SOCIALISM __ I would like more information about the YSA. 1938 with the founding of the Social­ Introduction by Peggy Brundy and __ I want to join the YSA. ist Workers Party. 268 pp., paper Dionne Feeley. These ore speeches of __ Enclosed is $1-for 6 months of the Young Socialist newspaper. $2.95. a top-notch revolutionary orator, cov­ Address:Name=------______ering such topics as socialism and de­ THE STRUGGLE FOR A mocracy, the struggle against imperial­ City, state, zip, & phone: ______PROLETARIAN PARTY ist war, Stalinism, and the role of YSA, P.O. Box 471 Cooper Sta., N.Y., N.Y. 10003 These essays and letters deal with the youth in the revolutionary movement. political struggle against the Shecht­ 432 pp., $10, paper $3.45. man minority in the SWP in 1939-40. They outline the Leninist organization­ SPEECHES TO THE PARTY: al concepts of a revolutionary work­ The Revolutionary Perspective International Socialist Review ers party. Leon Trotsky wrote of the and the Revolutionary Party first section of this book: "It is the writ­ Introduction by AI Hansen. Speeches ing of a genuine workers' leader. If and documents from the struggle with the discussion had not produced more the Cochran minority in the SWP dur­ than this document, it would be justi­ ing the 1950s period of the witch­ fied." 320 pp., paper $2.95. hunt, relative prosperity, and cold war. Cannon's central theme is that SOCIALISM ON TRIAL American capitalism, despite appear~ This clear and lively explanation of ances to the contrary, is headed for the principles and aims of revolution­ new crises that will lead to a new ary socialism is based on the court workers upsurge, and that a Leninist stenogram of Cannon's testimony dur­ party is necessar'y to lead the com­ ing his 1941 trial for "sedition" under ing struggle for power. 352 pp., $1Q, the Smith Act. 192 pp., paper $2.25. paper $3.95.

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East Los Angeles SWP Campaign Banquet SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5. Refreshments, 5:30 p.m.; dinner, 6:30 p.m.; pro­ gram, 8 p.m. Speakers: DAN STYRON, Socialist Workers Party candidate A monthly Marxist journal for U.S. Senate; MARIANA HERNANDEZ, SWP candidate for East Los An­ geles city council; TANK BARRERA, SWP candidate for East Los Angeles city subscribe now. 3 mos.$1 I lyr. $5 council. Donation: $5. 710 S. WESTLAKE AVE., LOS ANGELES. For reserva­ ISR, 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. tions or more information call (213) 483-6738.

THE MILITANT/OCTOBER 4, 1974 31 THE MILITANT

.Urge solidarity actions War resisters demand: 'Unconditional amnesty!' By BAXTER SMITH .•.• >'- \t·n .,,{i\ We're opposed to these things because Deepening opposition to Gerald they imply wrongdoing. There are no Ford's "conditional amnesty" for Viet­ review boards for those who got us nam war resisters led a Canadian con­ into the war." ference of war resisters to announce Under Ford's plan, which affects plans for a boycott of the plan and anywhere from 28,000 to 50,000 peo­ to appeal for solidarity action in the ple (the White House figure is 28,000 United States. and some war resisters groups place Some 100 war resisters meeting in it at 50,000), the unconvicted draft Toronto the weekend of Sept. 22 called resister must report to a U.S. Attor­ for a "week of concern" beginning Sept. ney, then register for and perform up 29 ''to show the American public that to two years of public service-type the amnesty program that Presiqent (JC: work. Upon completion of this work, Ford presented last Monday was un­ charges will be dropped. acceptable to a large number of The unconvicted deserter, after filing exiles." · with the military, will be given an un­ 'We wholeheartedly reject the con­ desirable discharge, which, the plan cept of punitive repatriation," Bruce says, can be worked off by doing up Beyer, a war resister from Buffalo UN\'/ERSAL ..· to two years of public service-type said. work. After satisfactorily completing "Solidarity is the important thing the work, the individual is given a now," one resister said. "clemency discharge." But, one AC L U Groups sending representatives in­ attorney noted, such a clemency dis­ cluded Amex/Canada, Vancouver charge will have "traitor stamped all American Exiles Association, Union over it." of American Exiles in Britain, Amer­ Convicted war resisters must apply ican Deserters Committee of Sweden, to the clemency board for review of and others. The conference passed a At'\N •. ' their cases. resolution that said: "For those draft resisters and de­ F\. ····· .·. .· .·· .. · · ·. ·· .·.. : i • ·. -~.\()y!? _ ..... :.·}·c··\ I?IJ :i'ili : I Bitter reaction serters in exile and underground in Reaction to Ford's plan has been the U.S. and the over half-a-million U.S. war resisters in bitter from most war resisters, and Vietnam-era veterans with punitive, program. so far few have become takers. A week less-than-honorable discharges and after the announcement, only 12 peo­ those with criminal records and sub­ ple had begun the discharge procedure ject to prosecution because of their from more and more ordinary for desertion or draft evasion. at military camps in Indiana. active opposition to the war, we con­ citizens. But Patricia Simon disagrees. "Am­ The first man to surrender, John tinue to demand universal and un- The plan entails what the govern­ nesty means forgetting," said the moth­ Barry, said he grudgingly submitted conditional amnesty." ment terms an "earned reentry" period, er of a slain Vietnam G I who is the because he didn't want "anything involving work similar to tha:t which Boston coordinator of a group called hanging on my head as I'm getting 'Earned reentry' conscientious objectors had to do. Gold Star Parents for Amnesty. older." While having drawn sharp opposi­ Ford's plan also includes a nine-mem­ "If you have review boards to sit Ed Fitzgerald, who deserted in tion ·from resisters and veterans, ber Clemency Review Board to look in judgment, that's not amnesty," she 1969, expressed what is no doubt a Ford's "amnes.ty" -is also drawing flak over cases of those already convicted said. "Neither is alternative service. Continued on poge 28 Justice for· Claude Reese!· By MAXINE WILLIAMS in the eye. Police said it was a case it happened. They said they and Reese and DERRICK MORRISON of "mistaken identity." were cleaning out a basement on Sun­ NEW YORK- Only a week after the In a move to placate public opin­ day evening, Sept. 15, to be able to police murder of 14-year-old Claude ion, police officials have removed the hold a surprise birthday party there Reese, who is Black, another Black flve from the beat. However, they are for one of their friends. Unknown to man has been maimed by New York charged only with violating depart­ them, somebody in the building had cops. mental rules- not with assault with called the police. a deadly weapon with intent to kill. At about 10 p.m. Bosco and his Derrick Morrison is the Socialist Police have taken a similar ap­ partner kicked in a rear door and Workers Party candidate for gov­ proach in response to the outcry and burst into the dimly lit basement with ernor of New York and Maxine protests over the murder of young a flashlight and guns drawn. Reese in the Brownsville section of Williams is the SWP candidate for Brooklyn. Officials have relieved the • Not knowing who it was, some of congress from Brooklyn's 12th cop involved,· Frank Bosco, of his the teenagers ran out another exit, C. D. duties and of his gun. But these mea- while others froze. According to Patri­ sures do not even amount to suspen- cia Blount, who was one of the two Twenty-two-year-old William Blake sion, let alone charging him with caught in the basement, Bosco's part­ and three companions ~ere sitting in murder. ner kept his gun drawn on them while a car in the early morning hours Bosco pursued the other five. In an Sept. 22 when flve cops fired _13 shots Three youths from the block where instant a shot was heard. into the vehicle. One bullet hit Blake Claude Reese was killed told us how Continued on page 28 Militant/Keith Jones

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