Steve J William L. Halvo At?» 5 O I997 Cathy

Steve J Wil liam L . Halvo 97 5 o i9 C ath Schw at"" y Thom as Ke

Technical Rep ort

United States G eological Survey Cooperative Park Studies Unit ni versit of Arizona 0 Tucson Ari The U y , zona

Sen sitive Plan ts of

San Nicol s Isl n a a d , California (Phase 2)

Steve Junak W il liam L . Hal v ors on Cathy Schwemm Thomas Keeney

Techni R 7 cal ep ort No . 5

December 1 996

United States Geological S urvey Cooperative Park Studies Unit School of Renewable Natural Resources 1 25 Biological Sciences East The University of Ari zona Tu Ari a 857 2 1 cson , zon 1 2 1 2 Mission C anyon Ro ad 1 901 Spinnaker Dri ve a ta arb ara CA 93 105 ura CA 93001 S n B , Vent ,

Hal r T ma William L . vo son ho s Keeney USGS Coope rative Park S tudies Unit Environmental Division The Uni versity of Ari zona Naval Air Weapons Station 1 25 i l i al i Ea t i t u u CA 93042 B o og c Sc ences s Po n M g , Tu AZ 857 2 1 cson ,

Unit Pe rs onne l Hal r it L a r illi am L . W vo son , Un e de l ar E l i t il . a b Cec R Schw e , Rese ch co og s E l i t t r . n tt Pe e S Be ne , co og s mann E l i t i a l . Kunz M ch e R , co og s Hi tt i l i al i T i ian at rin L . K he e e , B o og c Sc ence echn c t A ta t a . r ar ni i Jo n M Fo d , Rese ch U ss s n i al i ta t l ria . Maender E it r A G o J , d o ss s n

ar N . r r tar M y G eene , Sec e y l Tod A . r ir r r e i c ia i G ego e , Wo d P oc ss ng Spe st

(520) 67 0— 6885; ( 520) 62 1 - 1 1 7 4 ; FTS ( 520) 67 0- 6 8 85

The Coope rative Park S tudies Uni t at The University of Ari zon a (CPSU/UA) was established 1 6 Au u t 1 7 a a r t g s 9 3 as unit in the National Park Se rvice ( NPS) . By ction of Sec e ary of the Interi or ru a bi the r ar u i NPS and ral t r I ri r a i was ran rr B ce B b tt , ese ch f nct on of seve o he nte o genc es t sfe ed to a l r a t d a the Nati al i l i al r ic NBS on 1 2 N mb r 1993 . At a new y c e e gency , on B o og c Se v e ( ) , ove e th t im the CPS / t On 1 O r 1 6 U US and u it r n l r tra rr o the a . be 99 t e , n pe son e we e nsfe ed new gency cto , NBS m th a e l i al ur . bec e B iologic al Resources Division (B RD) of the U S . Geo og c S vey

The CPS U/UA provides a multidisciplinary approach to studies in natural and c ultural sciences . The u i u a n t cond cts an d coo rdin ates research that is funded by various agencies . Pri ncipal Ariz on cooperators include the School of Renew able Natural Resources and the Department of Ecology and E lu i ar The t r Ar l i al and vo t on y Biology of The University of Arizon a. Wes e n cheo og c Conservation Center (NPS) and the School of Renew able Natural Resources (UA) provide a mini tra i a i t t t l ac ul or r ar as ia a i m at d s t ve ss s ance . Uni scien ists ho d f ty ese ch soc te ppo nt ents the u i r n ve sity .

The Technical Report series allows dissemin ation of information about high priority resource man a m t u i r tai i i rabl i rm a i ge en q est ons . The series allows the flexibili ty of e n ng cons de e nfo t on on u i m r ul and a li ati a f r in rma i i ubli a i . st dy des gn , ethods , es ts , pp c ons not f o ded fo l sc ent ﬁc p c t ons T i al r r are i um s in i ri u uall ain echn c epo ts g ven peer review an d editing . Doc ent th s se es s y cont i nformation of a prelimin ary n ature and are prepared primarily for use by NB S and NPS r n l and rat r mm r ial r u i u pe so ne coope ors . Mention of trade names o co e c p od cts does not const t te r m or use b endo se ent y USGS .

r in i ri are r As l as u l las i ma Repo ts th s se es p oduced in limi ted quantities . ong the s pp y ts , cop es y tai — r m S CPSU/U A 1 25 i l i al i E a The i r it Ari a, be ob ned f o USG , B o og c Sc ences st , Un ve s y of zon Tu AZ 857 2 1 . Th cson , is rep ort was p rin ted on recy c led p ap er . Co ntents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Acknowledgements

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Ho rde um in te rcedens

v i ula re Lep id ium oblong um ar . ns Nas s e lla ce m ua

Nas s e lla Iep ida Nas s e lla p ul chra rach loba Oroban che p a ris hii sub Sp . b y

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Trifo lium p a lme ri

: iti E a r Thr a and ar Taxa Appendi x Deﬁn on of nd nge ed , e tened , R e

iii Fig ures

The 8 ali r ia a n l la an d A a ai la Figure 1 . C fo n Ch n e Is nds dj cent M n nd

San Ni la la ali r ia ur 2 . Fig e co s Is nd , C fo n

h n is ma blitoid es i ra li Habi i ur 3 . A a an a arb ara la a i r ia 22 F g e p , Show ng Sp w ng t , S t B Is nd , C l fo n

han isma blitoid es an a arbara la ali r ia i ur 4 . A F g e p , S t B Is nd , C fo n

i A han isma blitoides San Ni a la — i ur 5 . Di rib u ali r ia 1 992 1 995 F g e st t on of p , col s Is nd , C fo n ,

Artemis ia nes iotica i la in Lea and I i u u a i ur 6 . o r a F g e , Show ng C sp g ves nconsp c o s Fl we s , S nt arb ara lan ali r ia B Is d , C fo n

a i Artemis ia n es iotica San Ni las la ali i ur 7 . ul r ia F g e Pop t on of , co Is nd , C fo n

’ han z ma blito id es and Artemi ia n e i ti a i ur 8 . Habi a A s s s o c San Ni la la F g e t t of p , co s Is nd , Californi a

— i ur 9 . Di ri b u i Artemis ia n es iotica San Ni la lan ali r ia 1 992 1 993 F g e st t on of , co s Is d , C fo n ,

i ur Atri lex a i a a a an a i r i a 1 0. c ca An o F g e p p ﬁ , West c p Isl d , C l f n

— i ur 1 1 . Di ri bu i Atri lex ac i ca San Ni a an ali rnia 1 993 1 995 F g e st t on of p p ﬁ , col s Isl d , C fo ,

i ur 1 2 . Hordeum in terced ens N rt a r a a a San Ni a an F g e , on o he ste n Co st l Fl ts , col s Isl d , California

i ur 1 3 . Habi a Hord eum interced ens N r i of Air l u a San Ni las F g e t t of , on o th S de ﬁe d R nw ys , co la ali r ia Is nd , C fo n

i r u 1 4 . i rib u i Ho rd eum in te rcedens San Ni as la ali rnia 1 993 F g e D st t on of , col Is nd , C fo ,

i u r 1 5 . Le idi m o l v ulare i a ur ili l San Ni la u b on um ar . in s F g e p g , Show ng M t e S c es , co s

i ur 1 6 . Habi a l re San Ni las la al i r i a Le idium oblon um var . ins u a F g e t t of p g , co Is nd , C fo n

i ur 1 7 . i ri uti Le idium oblon um San Ni las la al i r ia 1 993 F g e D st b on of p g , co Is nd , C fo n ,

i u r 1 8 . i ri bu i of Nass ella ce m ua San Ni la la a i r ia 1 993 F g e D st t on , co s Is nd , C l fo n ,

i ur 1 9 . Nas s ella le ida i atur r San Ni la la ali r i a F g e p , S how ng M e Inﬂo escence , co s Is nd , C fo n

iv i u r 20. Habi a Nas s ella le ida in O untia a San Ni la la ali r ia F g e t t of p , p P tch , co s Is nd , C fo n

' i — ur 2 1 . Di ribu i Nas s ella le zda San Ni la la ali r ia 1 92 1 93 F g e st t on of p , co s Is nd , C fo n , 9 9

i ur 22 . Nass e lla ulchra i a ur r San Ni la an ali r ia F g e p , Show ng M t e Inﬂo escence , co s Isl d , C fo n

— i ur 23 . i ri b u i Nas s ella ulchra San Ni la la ali r ia 1 992 1 993 F g e D st t on of p , co s Is nd , C fo n ,

i 24 r ur . o an r h l a a S 0 b che a is hii subs . brac ob i Habi an Ni la F g e p p y , Show ng t t , co s la al i r ia Is nd , C fo n

i ur 25 . r he r ii h l a r 0 obanc a is h subs . brac ob i l San Ni la F g e p p y , Show ng F owe s , co s la ali r ia Is nd , C fo n

he a rishii . ra h l a an l l i ur 26 . i ri b u i 0robanc Ss b c ob S Ni a an ali r ia F g e D st t on of p p y , co s Is d , C fo n , 1 992— 1 993

i lium micr d n N rt a r E ar m San Ni la lan ali r ia i ur 27 . Tr o o o F g e f , o he ste n sc p ent , co s Is d , C fo n

‘ i ri b u i Tri olzum microdon San Ni la la ali r ia 1 992 i ur 28 . F g e D st t on of f , co s Is nd, C fo n ,

Tri olium almeri N r a r a al la San Ni la lan ali r ia i ur 29 . F g e f p , o the ste n Co st F ts , co s Is d , C fo n

i rib u i Tri olium almeri San Ni la la ali r ia 1 992— 1 993 ur 30. Fig e D st t on of f p , co s Is nd, C fo n , Tab le

a r and ar la San Ni la la al i r ia Li i a u E , Table . st ng St t s of the nd nge ed R e P nts of co s Is nd C fo n

vi Ac knowledgeme nts

a r iat u r the U S . Na in r idi ra rta i to an d on i la and We pp ec e the s ppo t of vy p ov ng t nspo t on the s nd , for u i us uri l r i i u al a r ia l it l ho s ng d ng the ﬁe d po t on of th s st dy . We so pp ec te he p w h the ﬁe d ur r m the ll i l : H l En lesber Jo H a a ca a n s veys f o fo ow ng peop e e en g g , y osok w , Steven Mc be , Jo n and ra u mit . H i i a i r ar d a i i Ro nds , G ce S h e d D v d p ep ed computer distribution maps an ss sted w th lit ratur r i and ma u ri t u i ma u i e e ev ew n sc p preparation . B arb ara B all prepared the distri b t on ps s ng c ln fo m ut r t ar Ar co p e sof w e .

w i r t as u t r u a a r am . The r art This p ojec f nded h o gh number of U S . N vy p ogr s p oject st ed w th e ra i funding through MIP R numbers N63 1 269 1 MP62288 and N63 1 2692MP 62290. Th geog ph c information system work and completion of this report was accomplished with funds from the

Navy Legacy program .

vii Ab stract

Field surveys were conducted on San Nicolas Island during the spring and summer of 1 992 and rmi i rib u i abi a ara ri i and ulati a u of 1 1 i i 1 993 to dete ne the d st t on , h t t ch cte st cs , pop on st t s sens t ve T ax a are r ri to ali r ia an an are of l al r or lan axa. p t t hese t est cted the C fo n Ch nel Isl ds , oc conce n , a b i i as i i i b i a i an d il i r i a h ve een dent ﬁed sens t ve spec es y the Un ted St tes F sh W dl fe Se v ce , the St te l ali r ia a / r ali r ia Na i lan i t . An a i i a 14 i i axa r of C fo n , nd o the C fo n t ve P t Soc e y dd t on sens t ve t we e mapped on San Nicolas Islan d during an earlier phase of thi s survey .

This survey provides baseline data against which future monitoring of these plants can be Al l axa a b a i l af b a lan use i m ar . lu i ra i and co p ed of these t h ve een neg t ve y fected y p st d , nc d ng g z ng

i r r ma ax - ciﬁ c mili ar u i la . s e r mm a i on t y ses of the s nd In th s epo t , we ke t on p eco end t ons ul be a f monitoring and other actions that sho d t ken or protection .

It is not the intent of this survey to make detailed predictions about the long- term stability or r of rar axa but l to i i ir l a i and ubli a a an d to set t ends these e t , on y dent fy the oc t ons known p shed d t , a r a abl ul for a ri in rm a i u ur u a i r A r e son e sched e g the ng fo t on on f t e pop l t on t ends . pp opriate m i ri m i r i on a u i i i u on to ng sche es d ffe depend ng the st t s of nd v d al taxa. Beyond periodic surveys to u a axa a u it is al r mm a i i au l i al pd te t st t s , so eco ended th t ntens ve teco og c studies be conducted on

' these 1 1 taxa to gain a better understanding of their ecological role in the island s ecosystems and a ami of their popul tion dyn cs .

viii Introd ucti on

The ali r ia a l la are l a the a t ut r ali a T 8 C fo n Ch nne Is nds oc ted off co s of so he n C forni (Fig . hese i la s nds represent the emergent portions of a complex system of submarine c anyons and ridges in a m r i geo o ph c province referred to as the Cal iforni a Continental Borderland (Vedder The i lan are a ural ar a for i la a ru a li and u il s ds n t e s known w ndswept ndsc pes , gged co st nes , nspo ed b a a are t mi i mari mammal and bir . T ir ra ri in mi e ches th t of en tee ng w th ne s ds he ﬂo s , ch ende c i a a ra a i a i and rti ul uri r spec es , h ve tt cted the ttent on of bot n sts ho c t sts fo more than a century .

° ' ° The California Channel Islands are situated between 3 2 48 and 34 05 N latitude and between ° ' ° ‘ 1 1 8 2 1 and 1 20 27 l i u and ra in i m 24 z r 9 km . aximum l a i W ong t de , nge s ze f o to M e ev t ons the i la ar r 4 i on s nds v y f om 1 9 to 7 53 m . D stances from the adj acent mainland range from 20km A a a a la to km an Ni la The i ( n c p Is nd) 98 (S co s Island) . 8 slan ds in the chai n have been divided i 2 ma r r u : 1 N r r a l la San Mi u l S a a a S a a ru and nto jo g o ps ( ) the o the n Ch nne Is nds ( g e , nt Ros , nt C z , A a a a and 2 the u r a l la a a arbara San Ni la anta a ali a and n c p ) ; ( ) So the n Ch nne Is nds (S nt B , co s , S C t n , San Clemente) .

San Ni la it i u is m i la of u r a l la . li 98 co s , the s e of th s st dy , the ost so ted the So the n Ch nne Is nds It es ° ' ° ' - u u ura i its r ar 3 3 1 5 N la i u 1 1 9 28 l i u . km so th so thwest of Vent , w th cente ne t t de , W ong t de

i la is a ta ar ara 45 km r a . San Ni la is ara The nearest neighboring s nd S n B b , to the no the st co s sep ted The r i la from S anta B arbara and the other islands in the chain by deep ocean channels . othe s nds

— lie 80 96 km to the north and about 80km to the east and southeast .

- l 58 km in i San Ni la is an al a i la Fi . 2 a u km Approximate y sq s ze , co s ov sh ped s nd ( g ) bo t - r m sea i la r a low a l lik r l . Its ra long and km wide . F o the , the s nd p esents , t b e e p oﬁ e topog phy i i i i ak i m a r m is dominated by a broad terrace or mesa w th no d st nct ve pe s ; th s es cove s ost of the a i r u l km l and km i surface area of the isl nd , be ng o gh y ong w de (USGS mai axi i la ru r m r a CA . The o og a hic Ma San Nicolas Isl nd, ) n s of the s nd ns f o no thwest to T p r p p, to r a r m i i hi are ar so theast and the mesa $10 es gently the no the st f o the h ghest po nts , w ch ne the u , p

The maximum l a i i la is 27 7 m at a a . south rim of the terrace . e ev t on on the s nd ( J ckson Pe k)

G e ology and Soils San Ni la la a r a m l xl ault According to Vedder and Norris co s Is nd is b o d , co p e y f ed lan i its r ar u r he l im i of i , anticline that parallels t ong d ens on the s d w th c est ne the so thweste n i la i of arl m al r at n sho e ne he ex osed Tertiar section on the s nd cons sts ne y of te n i g r li . T p y a ai mi r am u i r l m ra and marine sandstone and siltstone beds th t cont n no o nts of nte bedded cong o e te l Vedder and Norri s divided this sedimentary rock seq ence int 3 5 mappab e pebbly mudstone . u o mall a desrti c di a e a e and r r t a ral g units all ofEocene g , they epo ted h t seve s n kes of Miocene , T u t a u a ocks near the southeastern end of the island . hey fo nd h t d ne s nd intrude the sedimentary r uat r ar a e r m tral and t r marine terrace deposits of " e n y g cove ost of the cen wes e n and fossiliferous

i la la . parts of San N co s Is nd

S 1 85 ma 27 il u i t San Ni la la , il r a i ervice ( 9 ) pped so n s on co s Is nd The US . So Conse v t on ral an l ams and l am an r be ch d dune sand; Jchemy clay ; seve s dy o o y s ds; ck including a an o ha Vrzca ornt l x . ut r l d and ulli m p ) , p r channe e , g ed co p e es Rock o c o s outcrops; and e oded, 46 ha and Vrzca omt a l am 437 514 ha u la ( 9 ) , ( la m l x ( ) , d ne nd p s ndy o severely eroded nd co p e es 01 1 lan . i as the most common $ types on the is d ha) were ident ﬁed

Cli mate

limati ata rimaril t m ratur and r i itati a be a r C c d , p y of e pe es p ec p on , h ve en g the ed on San Nicolas Island be tween Septembe r 1 933 an d August 1944 and continuously since 1 947 (deViolini The limat of the i la is ara t riz d b a it rran a at e r r a i l arm c e s nd ch c e e y Med e e n p t n of el t ve y w , wet

i t r and l dr umm r . A omin a t atur of the i lan at r i w n e s c oo . y s e s d n fe e s d s we he s the prevailing rt t i i a ra 1 4 n er ur ith an a ual m an maximum no hwes w nd , wh ch ve ges k ots p ho w nn e of 52 knots .

' t ra i be t e the tr i mari and i a o ra r In e ct ons we n s ong w nds , ne fogs , the sl nd s top g phy p omote distinc tive rnicroc limatic zones that affec t the distribution of individual species and of plant i the i la r t mmu iti . s an b tru ti to the r ai li i r r co n es S nce s nd p e en s o s c on p ev ng w nd ﬂow , the no the n an d western po rtions of the islan d may be covered by low stratus clouds if these low clouds are r t r the a a t ate r il the u r an d a t rn orti of i lan ma be p e sen ove dj cen w s , wh e so the n e s e p ons the s d y cle ar (de Violini

° ° a m t l t m e ratur ar onl li tl rom ab u 1 2 in anuar to abou 1 8 in Me n on h y e p es v y y s gh y , f o t C J y t C

t m r b i m d rated b urr u i an . r i t m ra ur a not b Sep e be , e ng o e y the s o nd ng oce F eez ng e pe t es h ve een ° rec orded o n the isl and; the minimum of 05 C was recorded in Jan uary 1949 when a light snow ° t are as i all x ri - fell . Tempe ra ures above 3 8 C occ on y e pe enced on the island ; a 25 year maximum ° tempe rature of 405 C w as recorded in September 1 955 (de Violini

a a ual r i itatio the i la b t 1 948 and 1 97 3 was mm i 7 3 % a Me n nn p ec p n on s nd e ween , w th of th t w am ount falling be t een November and the end of February . The summer months average less

t an mm an d m t of at all is ri l r m tratu u . A ual x r m of mm h , os wh f s d zz e f o s s clo ds nn e t e es and mm were recorded in the 1 960—6 1 and 1 95 1 — 52 seas ons respectively (de Violini

Re levant Land Use Hi s tory i The following desc ri ption of human activit es on the island is intended to be a brief overview . For a m r tail d i t r ra i a i i i a o e de e h s o y of sheep nch ng ct v t es , see Sw nson

Li r mall r i an s a of ut r ali r ia San Ni la was not a ke the othe s e sl d off the co st so he n C fo n , co s Mexic an land grant and eventually c ame under the j uri sd iction of the Lighthouse Board of the l ra i be an on i la b mi l of 1 9 ur T artm t. ll a U S . reas ury Dep en I eg nch ng g the s nd y the dd e the th cent y 1 2 Li u ar an d tin u u til u t a t r b i i of 20th ur . 90 con ed n j s f e the eg nn ng the cent y In , the ghtho se Bo d — ul ra hi be gan to leas e the island to agri cultu ral users for 5 year periods at a time . As a res t of nc ng a ti iti i tro u la and ra i a imal a had r u f a i and c v es , n d ced p nts g z ng n s h ve p ofo nd e fects on the veget t on flora of San Nicolas Island .

c au th r lati l tl o ra ir uall r uar i i lan has bee B e se of e e ve y gen e top g phy , v t y eve y sq e nch of the s d n i a i l to ra i a imal and ar as a a ed a i urb an . The a ccess b e g z ng n s , few e h ve esc p dec des of d st ce he v est im a t a ar l urre in the 1 8605 and 1 87 05 umber r i an d a p c s pp ent y occ d , when sheep n s we e h ghest r r on San series of dry y ears drove the animals to stri p the island of vegetation . Sheep we e p esent r r Nicolas from the 1 8505 in population sizes of between 500and animals . They we e ﬁ st

4 r u t to th e i la by a tai ar i b o gh s nd C p n M t n M. Kimberl in the late 1 85 t ed seve y 03 and mul ipli for ral ar . A r i ye s cco d ng to Mrs . Kimberly

aptai imb rl t y San Ni la i and C n K e s ocked co s w th sheep, the increased ver ra idl y y p y . The had u i a ar an ewes yo ng tw ce ye d two were almost alwa s born e ch t e y a im . The fl i ocks ncreased until they numbered

T am dr ar 1 864 i hen c e the y ye of , wh ch dealt Ca tain Kimberl a very hard ow p y bl .

T r was rai at all ' , and ma i he e no n ny of the sheep d ed . Another dr ear in 1 869 or y y , 7 0, tur San Ni la i t a rt and r m ned co s n o dese d ove y husband out of the sheep business with a l . In a San Ni la w he vy oss those d ys , co s as luxuri antl covered with vegetation y , but the in t , ir ra i r a r li sheep he f nt c effo ts to get w te , c ed off all that survived the dr hot pp y , i w nds .

The il arr t r i i l r w d c o [Co eops s w th ong , st ong roots which went far down i t the il had m i ur at b m m and t n o so , o st e the otto of the he sheep dug two or three feet i t the r u to at b m n o g o nd get the otto of them. The winds blew sand completely over the i la bur i r and a r mai s nd , y ng the oots the seeds th t e ned so deep that they were smothered and have made the island simply a waste of yellow sand Captain im rl saw a ul l all his u l ul m off K be y th t he wo d ose sheep n ess he co d get the , so he art r a lar l and at a im San ra i ch e ed ge vesse took the sheep, t e, to F nc sco , where The la t ul he sold them to the butchers . s he co d not get off and they remained on ‘ the i la l it Mr. Hamil a San ra i ba r in 1 87 0 r s nd when he so d to ton , F nc sco nke , o 7 1 .

Paul Schumacher ( 1 87 7 ) visited San Nicolas Island in June 1 87 5 and observed: The vegetation

. i u l lan and al rui b r i it i i are r is like that of San M g e [Is d] , so ned y ove stock ng w th sheep , wh ch he e th a tar i i i . N ar u e r S u m mal a fo und in a like s v ng cond t on e the ho se on no the st ide , we fo nd so e v r enti ora7 l ar ir lia to r a i a bushes [La vatera assu g ﬂ ] c e ed of the fo ge the e ch of sheep , wh ch g ve

m a di a . them the appearance of scrub oak trees when seen fro st nce

raz i B 1 87 6 the Paciﬁc Wool Growing Association had obtai ned g ng rights to San Nicolas and y , d and 400lam ( ura Si al Su l m t Anac apa islands and reporte ly owned sheep bs Vent gn pp e en , for ar 1 87 5— 1 87 1 87 9 Stehm an P m r 1 6 ruar 1 87 6 li u Tax Li y In , o ey epo ted Feb y , De nq ent st e r Mill had a ut a at a m . i H. th at the island was occupied by D s , who bo he d of sheep th t t e (Fom ey

and saw a a i a ar ari a a l sl rld in 1 897 , , d , la aSk / t sar l c b n b n she ng she s B nche " urmi at highdﬁziiris itsrain water into a reservoir. She s sed th all these cistern anga plaifofriiiv w to the once ambitious ranchmen who seem no to have abandoned the improvement 1 6 due Tra ll la im ionall (Trask sk co ected p nt spec ens on the sheep; ab0 ;68 e occas y seen . . u l in a tu lum i a ar l $1 901 several species were fo nd on y c c s c ps , wh ch pp ent y 5 l l ;;7 a ’ and Vanderwier ' 1 898 u a 1 m the shee (Eastwood ; J n k 131 32;( gd them go p 2oth ur umb r a ar l ari b and During the ﬁrst half of the cent y , sheep n e s pp ent y v ed etween

u il r r m uri rl W ar II . r and Da i 1 901 r r animals , nt they we e e oved d ng Wo d Seb ee v s ( ) epo ted

The US . Li u sheep on the island during their visit in September 1 901 . ghtho se B ureau

- u leased the island to ranchers in 5 year increments between 1 902 and 1 934 . S ccessful bidders for ll r 1 7 . 0 . H McGim se 1 902 . . 9 lan the leases included W . J . p y ( D R We e ( J G ow d 1 1 N . ail 9 ( 1 909 and E . V ( 9

i San Ni la la in la 1 926 and met a a ai N l 7 6 - ar- old B ryan ( 1 97 0) v sited co s Is nd te C pt n e son , the ye ' ’ an ex-sea a ai li i lan i ab u a al - il sheepherder ( c pt n) , who ved on the s d tend ng o t he d of h f w d sheep .

Wheeler ( 1 944 ) reported that in past years some head of sheep have been supported by a The the grass that grows on the high central plate u [of San Nicolas Islan d] . sheep have b een removed for the duration of the war [World W ar

Na i la was ra rr U S . b Ex u i Or r f r i 1 93 3 o H r. In , the s nd t nsfe ed to the vy y ec t ve de P es dent oove In N mb r 1 942 Arm was i m rar uri i i r i la and it b am a ove e , the y g ven te po y j sd ct on ove the s nd , ec e

u r ra . San Ni la la w as r ur N a ll i of rl W ar g nne y nge co s Is nd et ned to the vy fo ow ng the end Wo d II , and in 1 947 the island came under the control of the Naval Air Station at Point Mugu as part of the Naval Ai r Missile Test Center (de Violini

Past land uses (including overgraz ing by sheep) have affected the composition and distri bution of la mmuni i and i i i ual i San Ni T p nt co t es nd v d spec es on colas Island . he full extent of the changes are unkn b au of la of i l i al m i ri and ri i i i ur i own ec se the ck b o og c on to ng even pe od c b ot c s veys . It s assumed ( an d anecdotal evidence supports the hypothesis) that the island biota is slowly r ama recovering from the g azing d ge .

' i ra i era im a i la la S nce the nch ng ended , the p cts on the s nd s p nt communities have been from Na al ra i buil i and r a ru i a i al r b rr i r i v ope t ons of d ng o d const ct on , cc dent ﬁ es , o ow p ts , e os on a ia i r a and i li and a m at r a i i intr ssoc ted w th o ds p pe nes , tte pts eveget t on w th oduced species . None a ti i i are ll um of these c v t es we doc ented .

u ali r i a S i an i i lan San Ni la lan ura U . d Ta l . a u of b e St t s sens t ve p ts on co s Is d , Vent Co nty , C fo n ( F sh

il li r i 1 993 i r and a li 1 994 and i u . W d fe Se v ce , Sk nne P v k , th s st dy)

1 3 Federal GNPS list

’ 5 Ap ha m sma blitoides none Restri cted; sporadic occurances

Artemis ia n es iotica none none none Locally common; stable

5 Atrip lex p a ciﬁ ca none Restri cted; sporadic occurances

’ 5 Ho rde um interceaens none none

5 v ins l r Lep id ium oblongum ar . u a e none none none

5 Nass ella cern ua none none none

5 Na ss ella lep ida none none none Restri cted; stable

5 Nas s e lla p ulchra none none none Restri cted; stable

0ro he ri banc p a s hii subsp . Widespread; stable 5 bra chyloba

5 Tri lium mi r don fo c o none none none Restricted; sporadic occurances

6 Tri lium a lme ri fo p none none Restri cted; sporadic occurances Tabl . L e egend and Deﬁnitions

1 Federal

E a r nd nge ed; endangered of becoming extinct T r a d r a h e tene ; th e tened with becoming endangered a r 1 an i a C tego y c d d te; enough data to support listing a C tegory 2 candidate; threat/distri buti on data are insufﬁcient to support listing lan l ; r a an / r i ri u i P ts on y th e t d o d st b t on data are insufﬁcient to su ort listing b ut pp , plant is presumed extinct Extinct Taxonomically invalid T oo widespread and/or not threatened

2 State of California

3 =Califomia Native Plant Society

List 1 A: Plants presumed extinct in California

Li 1 E : la rar hr a or an r in ali r ia and l r st P nts e , t e tened, end ge ed C fo n e sewhe e Li 2 : la rar r a or an r in ali r ia but m r mm l st P nts , e, th e tened, end ge ed C fo n o e co on e sewhere List 3 : Plants about which need more information a review list List 4 : Plants of limited distribution a watch list

4 This Study

5 Taxon also found on mai nland

l la 6 California island endemic on 2 or more of the Channe Is nds Disc ussio n

The flora of the Californi a Channel Islands includes significan t numbers of plant taxa that have San Ni la lan has been introduced to southern Cal ifornia from other areas of the world . co s Is d the The highest percentage of nonn ative plants of al l the California Chan nel Islands . ati lan r r 28 amili 88 ra and 1 1 8 axa and ribu i i a l to nonn ve p ts ep esent f es , gene , t , cont te s gn fic nt y the plan t coverage on the island (Junak and Vanderwier 1 990; Halvorson et ai . These introductions have been associated primari ly with disturb ances caused by sheep grazing an d ral are iall i a i i and a r l b i r u military activities . Seve potent y nv s ve spec es h ve ecent y een nt od ced to

T r a to ll-b i i i a i i in i r r are San Nicolas Islan d . h e ts the we e ng of the sens t ve n t ve spec es th s epo t

ur a r m i u l m an d r mili ar a i i i i la and di st b nce f o cont n ed deve op ent othe t y ct v t es on the s nd , the impacts from in vasive nonnative plants .

4 a i ra la axa u San Ni l la ar Eighteen (c a. 1 % of the n t ve ﬂo ) p nt t fo nd on co as Is nd e endemic to the f 4 a u a i r ia ann l lan . O b nl San Ni la lan and 2 of C l fo n Ch e Is ds these , h ve een fo nd o y on co s Is d w h i l w these are no thought to be extinct . T e s and as systematically searched for 1 1 of the ulati 5 of 1 1 axa r u t sensitive vascular plan ts . Pop ons of the t we e fo nd o be widespread ( or loc ally r mm a common) and healthy . We eco end th t these 5 species be monitored by resurveying at least ur ul i lu in f every 5 years . These s veys sho d nc de check g or populati on numbers within areas alr a i i and i for an x a i or r u i u a e dy dent ﬁed check ng y e p ns on ed ct on of pop l tion sizes . The taxa in

i a u a r are Artemis ia n es iotica Nas s ella cern ua Nass ella le ida Nas s ella ulchra th s st t s c tego y , , p , p , h l a r hi u . ra and 0robanche p a is i s bsp b c y ob .

Six an ual axa r u to a r ri i ri bu i i ra i cu n t we e fo nd h ve est cted d st t ons w th spo d c oc rances . These ul m ni r b annual ur for x 5 ar a ula i i sho d be o to ed y s veys the ne t ye s , to ssess pop t on s ze vari ability and r . The ax a in i a u a r are A han is ma blitoid es Atri lex ac i ca Ho rd eum t ends t th s st t s c tego y p , p p ﬁ , intercedens Le idium oblon um var. ins ula re Tri olium microdon and Tri olium a , p g , f , f p lme ri . Hordeum in tercedens and Le idium obl n u v o m ar. ins ula re r l all mm p g we e oc y co on in some areas .

ri di ur u a axa a u al r Beyond pe o c s veys to pd te t st t s , we so ecommend that intensive autecological studies be conducted on these 1 1 taxa to gai n a better understanding of their ecological role and

ula i ami . u u i ul i lu ula i i a r m i i pop t on dyn cs S ch st d es co d nc de pop t on dens ty ch nges f o s te to s te , udi of r u ti rmi a i r uir m and li abli st es seed p od c on , ge n t on eq e ents , seed ng est shment , studies of

r lli a i and lli a r , u i of abi a a trib u r la ula i ﬂowe po n t on po n to s st d es h t t t tes e ted to pop t on sizes , m ra i udi of r ial axa and x rim al ran de og ph c st es pe enn t , e pe ent t splants .

1 0 Literature Cited

r a . 1 97 y , 0. Ar a B n B ch eological x l ra i e p o t ons San Ni la l and . ut N on co s Is So hwest u um a r . 22 . S ut M se P pe o o hwest Mu um Los se , Angeles ali r i , n a. 1 60 C fo p .

dc i li i . 1 97 4 , . lim V o n R C atic Ha b for i u u and San Ni la l S nd ook Po nt M g co s Is and . Part f ce 1 . ur a at . T h i al u - D c n c P blication PMR TP-74— 1 . a e a i i il T a P c ﬁc M ss e est R nge , Point Mugu al , i r a. 98 . a di C fo ni p , ppen ces .

Ea t d A . 1 8 , 98 . tu i S in rbarium and l . H. N s w oo d es the he ﬁe d otes on the lants of San Nicol s l p a a . r c i ali r ia A a Is nd P o eed ngs of the C fo n c demy of Sciences Series Bot n — , 3 , a 1 20 y , 1 40.

F m o e . 1 87 9 . T y , S p ra hi al ur Ma N - p o . T 1 52 3 . U o og c S vey p S . a and ti ur Co st Geode c S vey , Scal e at Li r p ar , i r i Co y b y Un ve s ty of California at Santa Barbara Ma and ge , p Ima ry Room .

Hal r L . . . un , , S ak . mm d , an T. . 1 vo son W J C Schwe , Keeney 996 . Plant communities of San Ni las la ali , r ia. T i al r S No. co Is nd C fo n echn c Repo t 55 . National Biological ervice , rati ar tudi i The p , i r i Ariz a Tu Ari a. 46 Coo e ve P k S es Un t Un ve s ty of on , cson, zon p .

H ll 1 , 93 5 . The a ular la San Ni la la owe J v sc p nts of co s Is nd, California. Proceedings of the al i r ia A a m i ri 4 — 2 C fo n c de y of Sc ences , Se es , 84.

u a . A . d . V an . an derwie . 1 r 990. An an at J n k , S J M not ed checklist of the vascular plants of San Ni las lan — ali r ia. . 12 1 145 in r i theFifth i co Is d , C fo n P P oceed ngs of B ennial Mugu Lagoon/ San Ni l a lan E l i al ar m ium. Na al Air a i i Mu u co s Is d co og c Rese ch Sy pos v St t on , Po nt g , al i a C forni .

u 1 5. i i n mm and T. . 99 la ak S . . S S L . S . Hal r an Ni l J , , W vo son , C chwe , Keeney ens t ve p nts of co as

la ali r i a a T i al r No. 51 . Na i al i l i al S r i Is nd , C fo n (Ph se echn c Repo t t on B o og c e v ce , Tu Ari a. i The i r i Ari a 9 1 . Coo perative Park Studies Un t, Un ve s ty of zon , cson , zon p

i t ar and m r in a ta ar ara. N ti ias illi . 1988 . S im . . l . t l r . as K be y , J M ( o d to M J Ph ps) F f y ye s o e n B b o c 4 — 2 3 50 6 .

ula ar in K okkenmoddin s and ra a rm r p p i Schum acher P . 1 87 7 . Rese ches the j g g ves of fo e o t on of ,

ull the US . l al and the S anta B arbara islands and the adj acent mainland. B etin of Geo ogic

— i 56 . Geographic al S urvey of the Territor es

ar a i DC 25 t m r Le r Li u , , , p 1 01 . i . 9 Sebree U an d E . Dav s tte to ghtho se Bo d W sh ngton Se e be ’ 1 901 u 26 Li u ar rr p ( Nati al Ar i r r p , d U S on ch ves , Reco d G o ghtho se Bo d Co es on ence

File 2998 (San Nicolas Island) .

1 1 i on San Ni la la . T ni al ri N o . 4 1 . . Hi ri ra a . 1 993 Sw nson , M sto c sheep nch ng co s Is nd ech c Se es

a i i al ar Tu Ari a. 82 . St t st c Rese ch , cson , zon p

— i 1 00. i an Ni la . La u 1 00. D S Tra . 9 sk, B y ng co s nd of S nsh ne

il ur of an l lan Ar a ali r ia: San 1 . i r i . 85 S . il r a 9 U . So Conse v t on Se v ce So S vey Ch ne Is ds e , C fo n u 24 ma im u li a i Na i al ra i il r . 8 . Ni la la ar . n r co s Is nd P t I te P b c t on , t on Coope t ve So S vey p , p sheet

d lu i of am ali r i a i al r r a 1 7 6 . r ur r an l . r . . 9 Vedde , J G P ec so s evo t on the n e C fo n Cont nent Bo de nd — f l i Hi r ali rnia al 6 1 1 in D . H ll i r . A o i P . owe (ed to ) spects the Geo og c sto y of the C fo Cont nent 24 ri a A ia u l a . Am Mi lla u b i i No . i of l i a i Borderland . sce neo s P c t on e c n ssoc t on Geo og sts (P c ﬁc

i al i r ia. Sect on) , C fo n

d . . N rri . 1 63 . l f San Ni la la . r . G . an 9 o U S . l i al ur Vedde , J , R M o s Geo ogy co s Is nd Geo og c S vey

U S . r m r i a r i al a r No . 3 69 . in O i D C . 65 . P ofess on P pe Gove n ent P t ng fﬁce , W sh ngton , p

44 . ali ia li tl l r . A . 1 9 r n ann l la . US . Na al i Whee e , S C fo n s t e k own Ch e Is nds v Inst tute Proceedings — 2 67 .

1 2 Species Accounts

otani a name : Aphanisma blitoides Nu tt. e B c l x Moq .

Co mmo n name : Aphanisma

Family : Chenopodiaceae

Li s ting s tatus Federal: C2 State : Not listed CNPS : 1 B (Skinner and Pavlik 1994)

De s c riptio n

A han isma blitoides is a u ul a ual ran i r m ba i p s cc ent nn b ch ng f o the se , w th slender stems that are um t or a i — m l 1 7 d i . 3 and The l a are al r a ir u r dec ben scend ng , ong (F gs e ves te n te , ent e , the ppe at m l il or u il or l r l r and i l and la la l ov e , ost y sess e s bsess e , the owe onge pet o ed ob nceo te to ob ong ,

1 cm l . The r are r r li ar or in lu r 1 axillar and ong ﬂowe s pe fect, g een , so t y c ste s of y , l r a 1 am 1 and — il . l 3 The al x i u an d i ma . s mi 3 5 im l sess e F owe s h ve st en , sty e , st g s c y n te , t es c eft ,

the m t are a u ual and u a in rui . The rui is a r l seg en s conc ve , s beq , nch nged f t f t dep essed g obose — utri l i urat l a and 1 2 mm a r . The are ri al l i ular c e , nd e , ﬁne y cost te , c oss seeds ho zont , ent c , — l ri im is ar u . ru ul and la . g ose , b ck F owe ng t e M ch J ne

Taxo no mic His tory and Dis tinguis hing Characteris tics 4 is a i in i u due its Ap han is ma blitoid es was described by Thomas Nuttall in 1 8 9 . It d st ct ve gen s to i has an i ura al x in hi t ruits a al x i is u a in rui . Beta y de scen f , c y wh ch nch nged f t (vs wh ch nd te c

l ra and a i l am . Its a e an d r t r it a u ri r ar , 3 , g ) , pe fec ﬂowe s w h s pe o ov y sty e b nches s ng e st en and red lia in a e al ri u to its ra li a it Cla i at a l a , g sp w ng h b , sp ng ov e to obov te e ves fo ge so cont b te

recognition .

Dis trib uti o n

’ - a is u in i l a r ula i ar Ap ham s ma is a monotypic genus and fo nd w de y sc tte ed pop t ons ne the co st in a arbara t nd n r rn limi is in Sal in an , i California and B aj a California. Its o the t Po t S t B Coun y a t u all t Cali forma a l ali r ia. is ranges south to the Vizc aino desert in Baj a C fo n It fo nd on of he Ch nne r a a a Califorrua l Los , an Mi u l as ll as 7 Islands e xcept S g e , we on of the B j Is ands Co on dos r and Na a ) . ua al u San i , , i Todos S an tos San Martin , G d pe, Ben to Ced os t vid d ,

Hab itat t a me am lump f Op un co s Is nd A hanisma is usually found ongst dense c s o i in On San Ni la la , p . al r n rotected swaIes 30and 120m. p uni t at l a i between It so g ows i coastal scrub comrri y , e ev t ons A h llea n zlle olturi Associated lants nclude i f and ull i u uall u r t r la . p c i r g es , s y nde o he p nts i m ;accata nes zotrca Atrz lex s e il , ti olium Artemzsza , p ens e A iastrum angus f , Achna the rum diego , p

1 3 madritens is su s . ruben h rdeace us B. b s Cal s te i A na a tua Bromus diandrus B. o a ve f , , , p , y g m li s ima hen o odium murale Coreo s is i an tea Dichelos temma macros te ia sub s . a s C g p p , p , p g g ,

' ca itatum G alium a a rin e Hemi oma clemen tina Is ocoma menzies ii Lomatium ins ula re Lotus p , p , z , , ,

m ali om icum Malacothrix oliosa sub s . ol ce ha la M h us L c iu c . ar o h llus var. orn it o g p y p , y f , f p p y p , m i m Na ella l i a nti m li ata Mes embr an themu nod oru ss e d O u a littoralis 0. s axatilis var . i c p , y ﬂ , p , p ,

oricola P a rieta ria hes era P te ros te ia d r marioides and Son chus oleraceus . , p , g y ,

Status

’

On San Ni la la A ham s ma was not r r b 1 901 an d 1 992 . O l 4 co s Is nd , p epo ted etween n y ula i a i r an 1 0 lan a b u on San Ni la la i 1 992 pop t ons , e ch w th fewe th p ts , h ve een fo nd co s Is nd s nce i (F g .

On N rt r a l lan urr ax a b r ra i b the o he n Ch nne Is ds , occ ences of the t on h ve een ve y spo d c , oth

’ ral l A ham sma has b on an a a la i 2 ra i al l and m o . 3 geog ph c y te p y p not een seen S t Ros Is nd s nce 1 9 . It was ll on a a ru la b 1 939 and 1 995 and is urr l o r m not co ected S nt C z Is nd etween , c ent y kn wn f o

l 1 ula i on a i la . On A a a a la A ha n isma has l b in on y pop t on th t s nd n c p Is nd , p on y een seen once ( 1 992)

On 2 u r a l la A han isma is m r mm . i r a but mall of the So the n Ch nne Is nds , p o e co on W desp e d, s , d an ula i ur on a a arb ara an S l m i la . On a a a ali a lan pop t ons occ S nt B C e ente s nds S nt C t n Is d ,

‘ a i l l a i Ap hams ma is known from s ng e oc t on .

On u r ali r ia mai nl an ula i A hanisma a u r the so the n C fo n d , pop t ons of p h ve s ffe ed steep declines in recent years (Skinner and Pavlik

Manage me nt S ugg es tio ns

‘ The 4 known populations of Ap hamsma on San Nicolas Island should b e protected from r r mm a i i be r u distu bance . We eco end th t th s spec es es rveyed each year for the next 5 years to rmi a ual aria i in ula i i and l a i dete ne nn v t on pop t on s zes oc t ons .

Annotate d Bi b li og raphy

m L . 1 1 7 . l ra of Lo A l and A ra 9 s i i i . a r r a r b s , F o nge es v c n ty St nfo d Booksto e , St nfo d University ,

432 . California. p

r r m San r on ali r ia mai lan an d r m an a a ali Repo ted f o Ped o the C fo n n d f o S t C t na Islan d .

1 44 lu ra ra a A r L . Il b am 9 . i a . lum s , st ted ﬂo of the P c ﬁc St tes Vo e II . Polygonaceae to

Krarneriaceae . a r i r i r a r li a r ia. St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d , C fo n 63 5 p .

Reported from bluffs along the mainlan d seacoas t between Los An geles County and r r a a ali r ia and r m a a i no the n B j C fo n f o the dj cent slands .

Beaucharn . . 1 986 . A ra San i u ali r p , R M ﬂo of D ego Co nty , C fo nia. Sweetwater River Press , 4 Na i al i ali r ia. 2 1 t on C ty , C fo n p .

1 4

r ma . E . 1 7 . 96 Ob r a i on ra and l San Ni la la . U S Na al Fo e n , R se v t ons the ﬂo eco ogy of co s Is nd . v

i l i al - - - a D La ra a i ali r ia. r USNRDL b r San r TR 67 8 . R d o og c efense o to y , F nc sco , C fo n Repo t

7 9 p .

A han is ma blitoides was S i all x lu r m i li for San Ni ola la as p pec ﬁc y e c ded f o th s check st c s Is nd , the author was unable to loc ate a voucher specimen to sub stantiate earlier reports for the

island .

— L . . the r a la . ri a i i r . 1 E 885 tan Am 7 1 . G eene , Bo y of Co on dos Is nds West e c n Sc ent st

w Thi s tax on as reported for the Coronados Islands .

4 tati r la xi u i 1 . A ur . bl . A . Hal . O . 1 9 M e , G s vey of the vege on of Ced os Is nd , Me co Unp shed

t i ni r it ali r ia at Los An l . 96 . hes s , U ve s y of C fo n ge es p

rt for r la r a i l im was u bbl of a i ar Repo ed Ced os Is nd , whe e s ng e spec en fo nd on co es sp t ne

Morro Redondo .

the a l la ra s a a ar ara al ia. 3 2 . N i r Hoffrn ann . 1 9 , R otes on the ﬂo of Ch nne Is nd off S nt B b , C fo n

i a A a m i 3 2 :4 — B ulletin of the Southern Cal forni c de y of Sc ences l ( ) 6 6 0.

Repo rted as frequent on mesas above the sea on the west end of S anta Cruz Island and on

the so uth side of S anta Rosa Island .

— A ra ali r ia. A ia u r i r i 1 0 1 943 . . L . 9 9 Jepson , W ﬂo of C fo n ssoc ted St dents Sto e , Un ve s ty of

m . . a at r l ali rnia. 3 lu Cali forni Be ke ey , C fo vo es p

r Del Mar San Di and arri re on ali rnia mai la as ll as Reported fo , ego , C zo C ek the C fo n nd , we

for S anta B arbara Islan d .

la A man ual ri al i r ia. A ia u r 25 . L . 1 . 9 Jepson , W of the ﬂowe ng p nts of C fo n ssoc ted St dents Sto e ,

University of Cal ifornia at Berkeley . p .

l Mar San Di and arri r ali rnia mai l a as ll as Reported for De , ego , C zo C eek on the C fo n nd , we

for S an ta B arb ara Island .

1 90. An an a li an Vanderwier. 9 a ular la of S and . . Junak, S . A . , J M not ted check st of the v sc p nts — 45 in r i la al i r i a. . 1 2 1 1 i i n i al u u La / Nicolas Is nd , C fo n P P oceed ngs of the F fth B e n M g goon

E l i al ar m ium . N a al Air a i i u u San Nicolas Island co og c Rese ch Sy pos v St t on , Po nt M g ,

Cal iforni a.

San Ni la la i la ll i m a am a i Reported as rare on co s Is nd , w th the st known co ect on de ong c ct

Tra in 1 901 . by B . sk

1 6 u a S . . il ri and , , . r . 1 9 J n k R Ph b ck , C D ost 93 . A revised ﬂora of S anta B arbara Is nd P — la . . 54 1 1 2 in

. Dail i r. a a arbara l , a . O a i al a r M y ed to S nt B Is nd cc s on P pe No. 6 . S anta Cruz Island u a i a a arbara al i Fo nd t on , S nt B , C fornia.

rt for a a arb ara lan u and - Repo ed S nt B Is d , on so th west facing slopes in the southern and a r rti i la iall i e ste n po ons of the s nd , espec y n canyons .

A . unak . d an . i l bri . 1 4 99 . The J , S , R Ph ck vascular lants of Todos S antos Island B aj a Califo n p , r i a9 x 4 — i . . 07 4 2 8 in . L . Hal r Me co P and . . Maender i W vo son G J , ed tors . The Fourth California la m ium : a tatu ur Is nds Sy pos Upd te on the S s of Reso ces . S anta Barbara Museum of Natural Hi r a ta arb ara ali sto y , S n B , C fornia.

T i ax w as r rt as ar T an h s t on epo ed sc ce on odos S tos Island .

un k . . a A an d . il 1 4 . bri . 99 The J , S , R Ph ck ﬂowering plants of San Martin Islan d B aj a California , , 42 — xi . . 44 9 7 in . Hal L . r d an . . Maender i Me co P W vo son G J , ed tors . The Fourth Cal ifornia la m ium : a a u ur a Is nds Sy pos Upd te on the St t s of Reso ces . S nta B arbara Museum of Natural Hi r ta a ar ara ali r ia. sto y , S n B b , C fo n

T i ax w as r rt for San ar i la r it w h s t on epo ed M t n Is nd, whe e as common in widely scattered l a i r u oc t ons th o ghout .

u k . na S T. A r . . il and D . u . 1 995 . A ra a J , , ye s , R Scott , D W ken , Yo ng ﬂo of S nta Cruz Island . a a arb ara ta i ar and ali r ia Na i la i a S nt B Bo n c G den C fo n t ve P nt Soc ety , S nta B arbara an d

a ram al 3 7 . o i r i a. 9 S c ent , C fo n p

r as rar an a ru lan r it was r m l 4 ll i Repo ted e on S t C z Is d, whe e known f o on y co ect ons made b Habi a was li as r lo sea blu 1 93 0and 1 939 . and r am b an in etween t t sted ocky s pes , ffs , st e ks

the l a u i u uall in a ia i i un tia a a rub mm O lum . The au h r Co st S ge Sc co n ty , s y ssoc t on w th p c ps t o s al so li sted this species for all of the California Channel Islan ds except San Mi guel an a a a a ru Ana a a an a arbara San Ni la an a a alina and San S t Ros , S nt C z , c p , S t B , co s , S t C t , Clemente) and for all of the B aj a California Islands except San Geronimo Los

r a T a San ar i ua alu San i r and Na i i a . Co on dos , odos S ntos , M t n , G d pe , Ben to , Ced os , t v d d) Distribution on the C aliforni a mai nland was listed as between S anta B arb ara County and

— ri im r li as ar u . northern B aj a California. Flowe ng t es we e sted M ch J ne

— L ra our u r ar i la . II . a i al a t 3 3 6 . yon , W . S . 1 886 . The ﬂo of so thweste n ch pe go Bot n c G zet e

This tax on w as reported from San Clemente Island .

l ra a a a ali a la al i rnia. i l Mill Nu all . 1 923 . , au . and L . . sp gh , C F. , W tt F o of S nt C t n Is nd C fo F e d — i al ri 5: 1 4 1 3 . u li a i No . 2 1 2 an , Museum of N atural History , P b c t on , Bot c Se es

The au r i a a ali a la in dr i ua i ar sea. Reported from S anta C t n Is nd , y s t t ons ne the tho s c ted " " m u at Li l Har r. l r specimen collected by Blan che Trask on old Indian o nds tt e bo F owe ing

— times were listed as May August .

1 7 The ra ua alu lan xi . m ir ali r ia A a m of ra 6 . . 1 99 Mo n , R ﬂo of G d pe Is d , Me co Me o s of the C fo n c de y

1 0 . Sciences No . 1 9 . 9 p

Reported from coastal southern California to west central B aj a California and off- lying " " For ua alu la it w as li as airl mm on r i lan x San i u l . s ds , e cept M g e G d pe Is nd , sted f y co on ocky r in u r ar i lan r m uni r a and slopes near the sho e the so the n p t of the s d , f o J pe C nyon West

A ra u and l N r and Ou r l . The au r mm ncho ge to the so th end , on Is ote eg o te Is et tho co ented a it m r mar abl a E ar alm r did not it at u in 1 889 and th t see s e k e th t [ dw d] P e ﬁnd the so th end , I " The au r a a A han isma w wonder if it could possibly be a late arrival . tho st ted th t p as ﬁrst

reported for Guadalupe Island in 1 900.

li r ia an . lar m A . 1 35 . ma ual u r a b ll u . 9 A lar m M nz , P n of so the n C fo n ot y C e ont Co eges , C e ont , 4 2 . California. 6 p

r r m low la a b r a del Mar and a a ali rnia r m Repo ted f o p ces on co st etween Co on B j C fo , f o

arri r and r m a a arbara and San l m i lan . C zo C eek , f o S nt B C e ente s ds

i r i 4 ra u r ali rn ia. f u . A . 1 97 . A o ali r ia r r l M nz , P ﬂo of so the n C fo Un ve s ty C fo n P ess , Be ke ey .

p .

r r m a al blu in a al a ru and a al ran mmu i i r m Repo ted f o co st ffs the co st s ge sc b co st st d co n t es , f o " Los A l u a a ali r ia and r m m an l la nge es Co nty to B j C fo n , f o ost Ch ne Is nds .

u . A . and . . . 1963 . A ali r ia ra. i r it of ali r ia r M nz , P , D D Keck C fo n ﬂo Un ve s y C fo n P ess , Berkeley .

p .

r on a al blu in a al ran and a al a rub la u Repo ted co st ffs the co st st d co st s ge sc p nt comm nities , Los A l u t and r r a a ali T e a between nge es Co n y no the n B j C fornia. h uthors al so reported thi s ax r m an a arb ara and San l m i l l t on f o S t B C e ente s ands . F owerin g times were listed as r — a Ap il M y .

O rbau r T. A . 1 993 . l ri i a al i ati mmu i i la be e , F o st c n ys s of veget on co n t es on Is de Cedros , B aj a 1 — al i r i a xi . 1 n H . 1 5 3 1 i . . r i r . T i C fo n , Me co P F G ochbe g , ed to h rd Cal iforni a Island m ium : A an in ar ali rnia l Sy pos Recent dv ces Rese ch on the C fo Is ands . S anta B arb ara u um of Na ural Hi r a a ar ara ali M se t sto y , S nt B b , C fornia.

r r m r la li 510 es r i Repo ted f o Ced os Is nd , on c ff p no th of the p nes near Punta Norte and on

the south coast .

il ri . N . 1 97 2 . The la a a ar ara la al i Ph b ck , R p nts of S nt B b Is nd , C fornia. Madrono — part 393 .

rt for a a ar ara la in at r ut - Repo ed S nt B b Is nd , sc te ed so h and west facing locations on the east i s de of the island .

1 8 a . H. , 1 963 . A ra R ven P ﬂo of San Clemente Island Califo nia so — r . Ali , 347 .

r f p or San l m la r it w Re o ted C e ente Is nd , whe e as listed as common in grassland around the r at r la i l low l i sho es e t ve y e evat ons .

r . and . L. i i , . 1 , 964 . ati and ra th S Sh eve F I W gg ns Veget on ﬂo of e onoran Desert . 2 volumes . a r i r i r a r li a r i a. St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d , C fo n p .

Li for ali il m , l al a in l r an d u r ran sted s ne so s ost y ong the co st, the owe ppe Sono Zones . rt for i la ut r ali r i a Repo ed the s nds of so he n C fo n , the California mainl and from Orange

u u ar i a a ali r ia in l ra rt at arriz r and al Co nty so thw d nto B j C fo n , the Co o do Dese C o C eek , so

ar u a ri a a a — , Calfomia. l ri im r li t as ruar a ne P nt P et B j F owe ng t es we e s ed Feb y M y .

i r W . . and . . a li i r . 1 994 . I Sk nne , M , B M P v k, ed to s nventory of rare and endangered vascular la ali r ia. ial u li a i No . 1 S 5 i i . ali r ia Nati la i t p nts of C fo n Spec P b c t on , th ed t on C fo n ve P nt oc e y , a m ra al i r ia. 3 36 . S c ento, C fo n p

r for an a ar ara ura Los An l Oran and San i u ti the Repo ted S t B b , Vent , ge es , ge , D ego co n es on l a ai la and r m a a ali rnia a i r i m . Al li for a ta a S a ta ru C fo n n nd, f o B j C fo so sted S n Ros , n C z , San Ni la a ta atali a and S A a a a a a ar ara S an l m t i la . it n c p , S nt B b , co s , n C n , C e en e s nds W h " " r urr a u aut r a t at i tax was in t li the espect to c ent st t s , the ho s st ted h th s on s eep dec ne on " " la T r rt t at it w m mainland and al so declining on the Channel Is nds . hey epo ed h as known fro only 3 occurrences on San Nicolas Island and that it was last seen on S anta Cruz an d S anta The au r a at t i i was t r at b ur a i ati 2 . Rosa Islands in 1 93 tho s st ted th h s spec es h e ened y b n z on , l m ra and b ral r i r S anta atali a S a ta ru recreational deve op ent foot t fﬁc , y fe he b vo es on C n , n C z ,

and S anta Rosa islands .

a a i ar a ta ar ara a a ar ara. an a ar ar S 2. A ra , , mi . . 195 d S th , C F ﬂo of S nt B b S t B b Bot n c G en n B b

100 . California. p

la . Listed the nearest known localities as S anta Rosa and Santa Cruz is nds

a. anta ar ara u um S a a ar ara r i , ali r i S 1 97 6 . A ra S th C . F . ﬂo of the nt B b eg on C fo n B b M se of mi ,

ali r ia. 33 1 . a a ar ara, p Natural History, S nt B b C fo n

a l ar i ar a at i t Sal lu f t Reported on California mainland on b nk be ow p k ng e Po n , on b f wes " Al r rt in a tu li about t of Vent and south to Baj a California. so epo ed c c s on c ffs wes end ura, a and ut i S a ta a la ( m ut of S anta Cruz Island (Christy R nch) , on so h s de of n Ros Is nd o h of " — Flowering times were listed as March May . Tranquillon Canyon)

t r rar and a r as ular la t i r . 1 988 . y p J P and K. Berg , ed to s Inven o of e end nge ed v c n s of Smith . Jr. r ia Nati la t i t 1 4th iti . ali S , o. S ial Publication N , ed on C fo n ve P n oc e y Cal ifornia. pec

1 68 . ali r ia. p S acramento, C fo n r for a a ar ara Los A l r li as ibl x ir a Ora and Repo ted S nt B b , nge es (whe e sted poss y e t p ted) , nge ,

i on ali r ia mai la and r m a a ali rn ia. Al li for San Diego count es the C fo n n nd , f o B j C fo so sted li a and San l m a a a a a ru A a a a a a ar ara a a a a i la . S nt Ros , S nt C z , n c p , S nt B b , S nt C t n , C e ente s nds The au r Habitat was listed as Coastal Bluff Scrub an d Coastal Scrub . tho s stated that more

i rm a i on l a i rari and a rm was . nfo t on oc t on , ty , end nge ent needed

Ali — a la ali r ia. f a a a ali 7 7 . 1 7 . A ra o m . 6 T . 9 ho e , R F ﬂo S nt C t n Is nd , C fo n so

rt for a a a al i a lan r it was ri as a rar annual u l Repo ed S nt C t n Is d , whe e desc bed e fo nd on y on " al a ar at an a i f 4 Al li rocky bluffs at the east side of Cat in H bor elev t on o 6 in . so sted for the ali rni a mai la a al Los An l u and a a ali r ia and for San C fo n nd between co st ge es Co nty B j C fo n ,

i u l a a arbara San l m and ua al u i la . M g e , S nt B , C e ente , G d pe s nds

u m to ﬂoras a a a ali a and San l T m . . 1 969 . A l m i la Los ho e , R F s pp e ent the of S nt C t n C e ente s nds ,

— Ali 83 . A l u r ali r ia. nge es Co nt y , C fo n so

Li as an a ia Calandrinia maritima on San l m la al i sted ssoc te of C e ente Is nd, ong w th Eu horbia mis era L cium cali om icum Be r e rocactus emor i Fes tuca octo o ra var. p , y f , g y , ﬂ

hirtella Ho rde um us illum Es chs chol ia ramos a Oli omeris lin i olia P hacelia l on ii , p , z , g f , y , m r ma v ma ritima and Mi r r r Cr tantha a iti ar . c os e is hete ocar a . yp , p

m l Tra . 1 904 . l ra San l an . 11 . ull i of u r ali sk, B F o of C e ente Is d B et n the So the n C fornia Ac ademy of — Sciences 95 .

r for San l m la al sea- li in abi a i Repo ted C e ente Is nd ong c ff edges , h t ts s milar to those where au r had r i i a a a ali a l the tho obse ved th s spec es on S nt C t n Is and .

0. Li la a G . and . N . . 1 89 ll Dr E ar V sey , , J Rose st of p nts co ected by . dw d Palmer in Lower

— ali ia in . ri uti r m r 1 889 b U S . Na i al H rb arium C fo n Cont ons f o the t on e 28 .

rt r m San "ui i a a ali r ia i ula and r m ua al u r Repo ed f o nt n on the B j C fo n pen ns f o G d pe , Ced os , an la d San Benito is nds .

alla . . 1 985 a ular la a l la W ce , G D V sc p nts of the Ch nne Is nds of southern California and

ua al u lan a a ali r i a. Na ural Hi r u um of Los A l G d pe Is d , B j C fo n t sto y M se nge es , Contri butions

— 1 3 6 . in Science No .

r for a a a, a a ru An a a a a a ar ara San Ni l Repo ted S nt Ros S nt C z , c p , S nt B b , co as , S anta Catalina,

San l m t , and ua alu i la . Li as u u ta ia for S C e en e G d pe s nds sted ns bs nt ted an Miguel Island .

i i , . L . 1 980. l ra a a al i r ia. a r i r i r W gg ns I F o of B j C fo n St nfo d Un ve s t P ess Stanford Cal ifornia. y , ,

p .

r r m lu al al i r ia m i l Repo ted f o b ffs ong the C fo n a n and co ast from Los Angeles County to E1 " i r i ai in a a ali r ia and , r m r i la l Des e to de V zc no B j C fo n f o the offsho e s nds to Is a Guadalupe . l ri im r li t as A ril— Ma F owe ng t es we e s ed p y .

20 il . 1 993 . A ha is r la t n ma . . 501 i manual: i n . Hi ma it r. The W ken , D p P J C . ck n , ed o Jepson h ghe p n s

ali r ia. i r i li a r ia r r l . of C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey

Li as rar in a tal ru la lu a at l ati l 1 00m t the sted e co s sh b nd, b ffs , s nd e ev ons be ow , be ween

u r ral a t and a a ali r ia as ll as the a l la . so the n end of the Cent Co s B j C fo n , we on Ch nne Is nds

2 1 han i ma blitoides i ra li a i ar am r u an a arb ar a i ur 3 . A s F g e p , show ng sp w ng h b t , ne c pg o nd on S t B la al i r i a a 1 2 A ril Is nd , C fo n (photo t ken p

4 han i ma litoid es i i ur . A s b l p , a i l a and i i u u F g e show ng c sp ng e ves nconsp c o s ﬂowers , in C at a on a a ar ara la ali r i a t C nyon S nt B b Is nd , C fo n (pho o taken 3 March

Botanical Name : Artemis ia n es iotica Raven

Co mmo n name : Island sagebrush

Family : Asteraceae

Lis ting Status Federal: Not listed State : Not listed CNPS: Not listed (Skinner and Pavlik 1 994)

Des c ri ption

‘ Artemis ia nes zotica is a rub 6— 1 5 drn i i l r a - li m r m a bri tl sh , h gh , w th s ende , w nd ke ste s f o t e woody The l a are ﬂ at a 1 — 1 0cm l i lu a i are i n a l a Fi . b se ( g e ves , c nescent , ong , w th b nt p ces ; they p n te y

- — ﬂ c man i i li ar ﬁ liforrn m 1 3 mm i . In ore s ences are arr i d vided nto ne seg ents w de n ow , w th y

i i a in l ra m ani l . llari are in ral ri i l a i d sco d he ds ong ce ose p c es Phy es seve se es , w de y ov te w th — — r umb r 1 0 1 5 il di r um r 20 40. A are ari u mar i . Ra sc o s g ns y ﬂo ets n e , wh e sk ﬂo ets n be chenes

— is a mi u r . l ri i . u i r i u 1 mm l a m s ul O b r. es no s , ong P pp s n te c own F owe ng t e J y cto e

Taxo no mic His to ry and Dis ting uis hi ng Characte ris tics wa rib as Cross os te hium in s ula re b r n 1 his 1 3 5 This taxon s ﬁrst desc ed p y Rydbe g i 9 1 6 . In 9 l i r ia an hili un u li a b am A. cali rn i v ma ual of u r o ca ar . n so the n C fo n bot y , P p M z p shed the n e f

r r a r a ax as A. nes iotica in hi 1 63 ra s 9 of San l m la . ins ula is . Pete R ven t e ted the t on ﬂo C e ente Is nd

l i al ara r i i ui . e i li of m r A n s otica r m A. Th a A number o pho og c ch cte s d st ng sh f o ca forn ica . e le ves of ﬂ at or l li l r lu l l b a — a are fA. li i A. nes io tic o ca orn ca and 1 3 mm on y s ght y evo te , ess o ed th n those f ,

' li rm ca are ral l r lu i l a A. ca o and u ual l l an 1 A. w de; e ves of f gene y evo te , s y ess th mm wide . nes iotica al has ull r a i u to 1 5 ra r and 40 i r as — so f e he ds , w th p y ﬂo ets d sk ﬂo ets , opposed to 6 1 0

— ca li om ica . and 1 5 30respectively in A. f

Dis trib utio n O r 300 i ofArtemis ia are u in r r mi r and u ve spec es fo nd the no the n he sphe e So th America. At least 1 8 i u in a ari of abi a are a i ali ia rn A. n spec es , fo nd v ety h t ts , n t ve to C fo . es iotica is endemic to the

al i r i a la it is r ri San Ni la a a arb ara and San C fo n Is nds ; est cted to co s , S nt B , Clemente islands .

Hab itat

On San Ni la la A. n es iotica is a r in ulli al a co s Is nd , sc tte ed g es , sw es , c nyons , and on coastal ﬂ ats in r a r and u r r i i lan i the no the ste n so the n po t ons of the s d (F gs . 7 and It is found in the coastal ru mmu i i at l a i 25 d sc b co n t es e ev t ons between an 1 20m and is often associated with Op un tia

a . A ia la i lu Achillea mille oliu p p m, Achnatherum die oens e A ias trum tches ssoc ted nts nc de f g , p an us ti olium Atri lex semiba ccata Aven , , a atua Baccha ris ilula ris Brom dia g f p f , us nd rus B. p , ,

hordea ceus , B. mad ritens is sub s . rubens Cal s te ia macr p , y os te ia sub s . am lis s ima Coreo s is g g p p , p i an tea D ichelos temma ca itatum D ud le a vire g g , p , y ns sub s . ins ula ris Hemi onia c lemen p , z tina , Isoc ma m o enzies ii, Loma tium ins ula re Lo tus a r o h llus v , ar . om itho us L cium califo rn icum g p y p , y , Ma la thrix l co o ios a subs . o l ce h la a M. saxat f p p y p , ilis var. im licata Mesemb r p , yan themum nod z orum O untia littora lis 0. r ﬂ , p , o icola , and Sonchus olera ce us .

24 Status

At l a 1 2 al ula i a i 6 50i i i ual r u on San Ni la lan e st he thy pop t ons , e ch w th to nd v d s , we e fo nd co s Is d uri i ur F d ng th s s vey ( ig . Several age classes were seen and seedlings were plentiful in some areas . mall i l - at r ula i i S , w de y sc te ed pop t ons of th s species al so occur on S anta B arbara and San l m i la and a ar to be al C e ente s nds ppe he thy .

Manag e me nt Sugges tions Al u i i was u be i r a uri i ur a i a of all tho gh th s spec es fo nd to w desp e d d ng th s s vey , the h b t t ula i of i i ular u pop t ons th s ns endemic sho ld be protected from excessive erosion and disturb ance . Of special concern are several populations which occur near Beach Road on the northeastern a al rra ul not be i ur at co st te ces; these sho d d st bed . All known populations should be resurveyed a le st every 5 years .

Annotate d B ibli og raphy

A ram L . and . rri . 1 llu rat ra a a . lum . i ia a 960. i b s , , R Fe s I st ed ﬂo of the P c ﬁc St tes Vo e IV B gnon ce e

i r i i r a r i r i ali r ia. 7 32 . m a . a r to Co pos t e St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d Un ve s ty , C fo n p

v i l r m an Ni la and San l m i la . Reported Artemis ia californ ica ar . ns u a is fro S co s C e ente s nds

cali orn ica . The authors discussed morphological differences between the varieties ofA. f

T m - irr r r Los li r ia. i 2 . l ra u r a l . 1 3 o d . L . x 9 D a i A . an v dson , , G Mo ey F of so the n C fo n es M o P ess ,

452 . A l ali r ia. nge es , C fo n p

Reported Cross os tephium ins ula re from San Nicolas and San Clemente islan ds .

la l a l lan of ali r ia. Allan Ha a i 1 50. D unkle , M . B . 9 P nt eco ogy of the Ch nne Is ds C fo n ncock P c ﬁc

— Expeditions 3 86 .

for a a arbara San Ni la an d San l m ali om ica var. ins ularis , Reported A. c f S nt B , co s C e ente ar ara lan it was r r as mm and i r a on a r islands . On S an ta B b Is d, epo ted co on w desp e d the e ste n

u r x ur of a n and u r blu . terraces , so the n e pos es c nyo s , so the n ffs

he i la of u r ali r ia and a li of r r la 11 . 41 . T E astwood , A . 1 9 s nds so the n C fo n st the eco ded p nts — Leaﬂets of Western Botan y 7 8 .

’ a r m San i u l S an a a a a ru , A a a , ca li ormca var. ins ularis , , p Reported A. f f o M g e t Ros S nt C z n c

an Ni la a a a ali a and San l m i la . S anta B arbara, S co s , S nt C t n , C e ente s nds

l U S . Na a i ra an d l of San Ni la la . 67 . O r a Foreman R . E . 1 9 bse v t ons on the ﬂo eco ogy co s Is nd v ,

- — - r USNRDL TR 67 8 . San ra i ali r ia. Radiological Defense Lab oratory , F nc sco , C fo n Repo t

7 9 p .

an an Ni la and San l m i la . On S iotica for a a arbara, S , Reported A. nes S nt B co s C e ente s nds " i r u urri as a r l al Nicolas Islan d thi s taxon was re orted as nf eq ent, occ ng sc tte ed c ones ong , p " i lan . the northeast and south escarpments of the s d

25 li a ular la of San Vanderwier. 1 0. An a a d . . 99 u a . A . an J n k , S , J M nnot ted check st of the v sc p nts 1 2 1 — 14 in r i of i i ial u u La / . 5 Ni la lan ali r ia . co s Is d , C fo n P P oceed ngs the F fth B enn M g goon l Ai r ati i u u a la E l i al ar m ium . N a a San Nicol s Is nd co og c Rese ch Sy pos v St on , Po nt M g ,

California.

i tica or a a ar ara San Ni la and San l m i la . On San r A. n es o f Repo ted S nt B b , co s , C e ente s nds Ni la lan i ax was r r as a r al r a rn and u r co s Is d , th s t on epo ted sc tte ed ong the no the ste so the n ar m on blu ab l r an and in a r a the li i esc p ents , ffs ove Ce e y C yon , the c nyon no the st of v ng

compound .

— i ra of an a ar ara la . 4 2 3 . A r Dr . 1 99 . 5 1 1 in ilbri and . u a S . . J n k, , R Ph ck , C ost ev sed ﬂo S t B b Is nd P

a . 6 . an a ru la a arbara lan . O a i al r No Dail i r. a M . y , ed to S nt B Is d cc s on P pe S t C z Is nd

u a i a a ar ara al i r i a. Fo nd t on , S nt B b , C fo n

A n io tica as mi to a a arb ara San Ni la and San l m a . n Li . es i O sted ende c S nt B , co s , C e ente sl nds a a arbar a lan i ax was r r r m t rra l and a in the a r S nt B Is d , th s t on epo ted f o e ce s opes c nyons e ste n

portion of the island .

l a al i rni ra. i A . 1 68 . u m a r i ali u . 9 rnia r r l M nz , P S pp e ent to C fo ﬂo Un ve s ty of C fo P ess , Be ke ey ,

224 . Cal ifornia. p

i ti a for an a ar ara San Ni l A. nes o c b a and San l m r i la . e au r Repo ted S t B , co s , C e ente s nds Th tho i ui i ara ri i ofArtemi ia n i al li i s es iot ca and A. ca li rn i so sted d st ng sh ng ch cte st cs fo ca .

u . A . 1 97 4 . A ra of u r ali r ia. i r it of ali r ia r r l M nz , P ﬂo so the n C fo n Un ve s y C fo n P ess , Be ke ey ,

California. p .

Artemis ia nes iotica w as reported from foggy hillsides in the coastal s age scrub community a a arb ara San Ni la an d San l m i l an . l on S nt B , co s , C e ente s ds F oweri ng time was listed as

— April September.

ilbri . N . 1 97 2 . The lan a a arb ara la ali Ph ck , R p ts of S nt B Is nd , C forni a. Madroii o

— part 393 .

Artemis ia cali orn ica var . ins ula ris w as li as mi an a arb ara f sted ende c to S t B , San Nicolas ,

and San l m la . On an a arb ara la it w a r C e ente Is nds S t B Is nd , s eported to be scattered in the a r r i of i la e ste n po t on the s nd .

a . H. 1 963 . A ra of San l m la — , d ali r ia. Ali 34 R ven P ﬂo C e ente Is n , C fo n so 7 .

r as mi to a a arb ara p , San Ni la and San l m i la Re o ted ende c S nt B co s , C e ente s nds . On San l m la au r r r its i ribu i C e ente Is nd , the tho epo ted d st t on as scattered in open grassland at the rt and al r u . a r ica no h end ong the west sho e to the so th end R ven p oposed the name A. n es iot for i ax a i : Ha i , had r uni of u i i ax th s t on st t ng v ng the Oppo t ty st dy ng th s [t on] and A. ca li orn ica on San l m la a b f C e ente Is nd , I h ve een forced to the conclusion that they are

26 ir l i i and ul be r a as ara T r ent e y d st nct sho d t e ted sep te species . he e is no intergradation b m , and are l i all r i A r . cali r etween the they eco og c y ve y d ffe ent , forn ica occurring on the drie , r l , A . nes iotica l r ill i . The n e i t t or hotte s opes on the owe , foggy h s des leaves ofA. s o ica are no

li l r lu l l — y , a A. ca li orn ica and 1 3 mm i in a i i as s ght evo te ess obed th n those of f , w de ; dd t on , i out b ar in A ram i rr Ill . Fl . Pac . . 4 4 po nted y W d ( b s Fe s , St : 09 . A. nes iotica also

has ull r a i u 1 5 ra r and 40 i r a — f e he ds , w th p to y ﬂo ets to d sc ﬂo ets , s opposed to 6 1 0and

- 1 5 3 0in A. cali orn ic f a .

— a . H. 1 967 . The ﬂoristics li r i a la . a . 57 6 n 7 i . il ri i r . R ven , P of the C fo n Is nds P R Ph b ck, ed to r i of m ium i l of ali r ia P oceed ngs the Sy pos on the B o ogy the C fo n Islands . S anta B arb ar a a i ar an a bara ar ali rni a. Bot n c G den , S t B , C fo

r A. n es iotica a mi to a a s ar ara San Ni la and San l m i lan . Repo ted ende c S nt B b , co s , C e ente s ds

— 4 . r t r R A . 1 i 9 1 C os s os e h um . N rt Am ri a l ra 244 . Rydbe g , p o h e c n F o

T ri i Cros s os te hium ins ulare r m a im ll la Tra ype desc pt on of p , f o spec en co ected by B nche sk

r an l an an m . on San Clemente Island in June 1 903 . Reported fo S Nico as d S Cle ente islands

— 2 in . Hi an i r. 1 3 . The a ual : mis ia . . 20 205 . m 99 ul L . 1 993 . Arte Sh tz , P J C ck , ed to Jepson M n

i r i ali r ia r r l ali r ia. . r lan f al i r ia. Highe P ts o C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey , C fo n p

n es i tica for u r a l lan on r k l at l a i b l Reported A . o the So the n Ch nne Is ds , oc y s opes e ev t ons e ow " ' aut r mm a i ax is i i r m A. cali ormca . 1 00m . The ho co ented th t th s t on d st nct f o f

lar la an l la u r ali r ia and 1 85 . a u Wallace , G . D . 9 V sc p nts of the Ch ne Is nds of so the n C fo n Hi u um of Los A l u t a a ali r ia. Na ural r Guadal upe Island , B j C fo n t sto y M se nge es Co n y ,

— 365: 1 1 3 6 . Contributions in Science No .

mi a a ar ara San Ni la and San l m i la . Reported A . n es iotica as ende c to S nt B b , co s , C e ente s nds

ar a l i al and bi l i al r ur San Ni la WESTE C r i Inc . 1 97 8 . ur Se v ces , S vey of ch eo og c o og c eso ces of co s ma and r r ar for a i i il T r. 51 . , Island . Unpublished repo t p ep ed P c ﬁc M ss e est Cente p ps

appendi ces .

n es iotica for San Ni la la . Reported A. co s Is nd

27 mi ia n e i ti i ur 6 . Arte s s o ca ar am r u an ta ar ara lan al i rnia t ak F g e , ne c pg o nd on S B b Is d , C fo (pho o t en 1 1 May

28 i 7 ure . ulati o A rtemis ia nes iorica in r r u F g Pop n of ( fo eg o nd) growing with Coreo s is i an tea p g g , on rt a t r ar m t of San Ni la lan ali rn ia no he s e n esc p en co s Is d , C fo (photo taken 24 March

’ ' i ur F g e 8 . Habitat of Ap hams ma blitoide s and Artemisia n es ionca (in shallow gull es in i . " " re rou u t a t L an rt as r i San Ni la la ali r a fo g nd) . j s e s of C yon , no he te n s de of co s Is nd , C fo ni (photo taken 1 3 J une

Stat us i ca r u San Duri i ur l 3 mall o ulatioons ofA. ac Ni la la ng th s s vey , on y s p p p ﬁ we e fo nd on co s Is nd A ar l it w as ll i la b 1 9305 and 1 993 and is Fi . ( g pp ent y , not co ected on the s nd etween the extremely rare there .

it ra . On N r r an l lan T i ax a ar be rar hr u u s A. aci ica h s t on ppe s to e t o gho t nge the o the n Ch ne Is ds , p f is kn own from only a few locations on both S anta Rosa and Anacapa islands and from only 2 n u r a l lan it is r m l 2 l a i a a ru la . O oc t ons on S nt C z Is nd the So the n Ch nne Is ds , known f o on y locati ons on S anta B arb ara Island and from a few local ities on both S anta Catalina and San

Clemente islands .

i i al x r m l rar on Los r a and San ar i i lan r i A. a c ca s t is k p ﬁ so e t e e y e Co on dos M t n s ds , whe e nown i r m a i l ll i on a i lan . On ali r ia ma lan man urr of f o s ng e co ect on e ch s d the C fo n n d , y known occ ences i ax a b x ir a and its ra has be r a l r u b urb an i a i i n r th s t on h ve een e t p ted , nge en g e t y ed ced y z t on (Sk n e Pavlik

Manag e me nt S ugge s tio ns The 3 known populations of thi s taxon on San Nicolas Island should be protected from rr l mi a i urb an . Ar a r ax u ur as ll as i lar i a arb ul be d st ce e s whe e the t on c ent y occ s , we s h b t ts ne y , sho d r ur r ar for x 5 ar to a annual u ua i in ula es veyed eve y ye the ne t ye s ssess ﬂ ct t ons pop tion size .

Annotated Bib liog raphy 44 1 . llu ra ra of a i a . Ab ram L . 9 lum II s , I st ted ﬂo the P c ﬁc St tes Vo e . Polygonaceae to i r i r t am ria a . a r t li a r an r a r i . 635 . K e ce e St nfo d Un ve s y P ess , S fo d , C fo n p

m ali il ar r A. aci ca r a in ra al rni a Repo ted p ﬁ f o s ne so s ne the co st the Sono n Zones , on the C ifo m ai la r m Los An l u a a ali r ia and a a i la n nd f o ge es Co nty to B j C fo n on the dj cent s nds . l ri im r li ar — F owe ng t es we e sted as M ch October.

B de ee T. . ran 1 890. l ra of al i r i la an . Zoe 4 g , S F o the C fo n Is nds 1 5 .

r A. microca r a for an a ru and San l m i la Repo ted p S t C z C e ente s nds .

un l . . 1 950. la t l of ann l lan of D k e , M B P n eco ogy the Ch e Is ds Cal ifornia. Allan Han cock Paciﬁc Ex i i — ped t ons 3 86 .

Li A a c i ca as a d . p ﬁ i u sea blu mmu i i an a a a a ste const t ent of the ff co n t es on S t Ros , S nt a al ina A a a a , , an a arb ara San Ni la and San l m i l C t n c p S t B , co s , C e ente s ands . The report for an a arb ara la 2 3 w S t B Is nd on p . 9 as apparently a printer error; the author probably mean t to li a a a ali a la i aci st S nt C t n Is nd s nce A. p ﬁ ca was not included in the annotated checklist for a a ar ara lan i r on . 32 S nt B b Is d p ov ded p 6 .

Ea A . 1 94 1 . The i lan u , r ali r ia and a li r r la stwood s ds of so the n C fo n st of the eco ded p nts H. L a of r an — e ﬂets Weste n Bot y 7 8 .

3 2 r A. p ac iﬁ ca for an a a a a ru A a a a San Ni la and Repo ted S t Ros , S nt C z , n c p , co s , S anta Catalina, San l m i l C e ente s ands .

man . E r 1 67 . , . 9 Ob r a i ra and l of San Ni la l a al Fo e R se v t ons on the ﬂo eco ogy co s Is and . US . N v

a iol i al Lab ra r San ra i l - - - a i r ia. r S R d og c Defense o to y , F nc sco , C fo n Repo t U NRD L TR 67 8 .

7 9 p .

i lex a Atr p p ciﬁ ca was speciﬁcally excluded from this annotated checklist; the author did not i an r arium im um ax r m San Ni f nd he b spec en to doc ent the t on f o colas Island .

tr H. . 1 949 . La lan ll b Velero 111 Alla Han a Gen y , S nd p ts co ected y the , n cock P ciﬁc Expeditions

— — 1 93 7 1 94 1 . Allan Han a i Ex i i cock P c ﬁc ped t ons 245 .

r A. aci ca r m an r Ba a i r la r it was Repo ted p ﬁ f o C ne y y on the e st s de of Ced os Is nd , whe e ll r m a mall ula i in a r il l an al u ial fan . co ected f o s pop t on s ndy , ocky so s of v

4 1 1 . A ur a i Hal . O . 9 of r la i . . x ubli M . A e , G s vey of the veget t on Ced os Is nd , Me co Unp shed r i i i ali r i a at Los A l ali . r ia 96 . thes s , Un ve s ty of C fo n nge es , C fo n p

r A aci ca for r la r it was u l at u of Repo ted p ﬁ Ced os Is nd, whe e fo nd on y the so th end the " T i ax was r r dl abu a in mall la a on m a i lan r m islan d . h s t on epo te y nd nt the s p y s the es n d f o the — illa at an l a io of r m 1 00 200 . v ge , e ev t n f o feet

l la a a ar ara ali rn ia. H mann . 1 932 . N on ra a off , R otes the ﬂo of the Ch nne Is nds off S nt B b , C fo — B ulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 6 0.

microca r a r m m a ab li on A a a a la . Reported A. p f o es ove c ffs n c p Is nd

A r li la r m r lan L r ali r ia. L a 1 42 . , Howell, J . T. 9 sho t st of p nts f o Ced os Is d owe C fo n e ﬂets of — Western Botany 1 85 .

aci ca for dr la r it was ra r mm on a al lu at Reported A. p ﬁ Ce os Is nd, whe e the co on co st b ff

South Bay .

— ia u r i r it of f al i r ia. A , 1 09 1 943 . A ra o . L . 9 ﬂo C fo n ssoc ted St dents Sto e Un ve s y Jepson , W

m . . l ali r ia. 3 lu Californi a at Berke ey , C fo n vo es p

r San dr San i an d a a i rocar a i ax was r r fo , , Tre ated here as A. m c p , th s t on epo ted Pe o D ego B j

a ru and San l m i la . California on the mainland; also reported for S ant C z C e ente s nds

ia tu r al i r ia. A 1 25 A ma ual ri lan , Jepson , W . L . 9 n of the ﬂowe ng p ts of C fo n ssoc ted S dents Sto e

r l ali r ia. . University of California at Be ke ey , C fo n p

for San r San i and a a i rocar a i ax was r p r , , Treated here as A. m c p , th s t on e o ted Ped o D ego B j

a a ru and San l m la . Cal ifornia on the mainland; also reported for S nt C z C e ente is nds

3 3 l — i ra a a arb ara a . . 54 2 1 3 . A r 1 1 in . 99 i and . r . ilb r Junak , S . , R Ph ck , C D ost ev sed ﬂo of S nt B Is nd P

O a i al a r No . 6 . a a ru la b ara la . i r . an a ar M . Daily , ed to S t B Is nd cc s on P pe S nt C z Is nd

u a i a a arbara ali r i a. Fo nd t on , S nt B , C fo n

aci ca for a a ar ara lan r it w as u in i on Reported A . p ﬁ S nt B b Is d , whe e fo nd open s tes the ral im ll t u i i al a . be eastern terr ace and on the so th s de of S gn Pe k Seve spec ens , co ec ed tween

1 6 1 and 1 986 r i . 9 , we e c ted

he ri lant San arti la a a al i r ia 1 4 . T il ri . 99 d . a . A . an Jun k , S , R Ph b ck ﬂowe ng p s of M n Is nd , B j C fo n ,

— der it r . The u . Maen r ali r i a l r an d . L . Ha 429 447 in . Mexico . P . W vo son G J , ed o s Fo th C fo n ta ar Islan ds Symposium : Update on the S tatus of Resources . S an B bara Museum of Natural

Hi r a a arb ara ali r ia . sto y , S nt B , C fo n

x a c ca was r rt for San ar i lan r it w as li as rar on la a a Atrip le p iﬁ epo ed M t n Is d , whe e sted e v ﬂ ts ma n 7 0 w t i l ll i i 1 as i . i the i la . A 9 in the southern port on of s nd s ng e co ect on , de , c ed

ta d . u . 1 5 A ra an ru la . t . il an 99 T. A r . u a S . J n k , , ye s , R Scot , D W ken , D Yo ng ﬂo of S C z Is nd a a i ar an d al i rn ia Nati la t i t an a arb ara and S anta B arb ar Bot n c G den C fo ve P n Soc e y , S t B

a ram ali r ia. 3 97 . S c ento , C fo n p

i a f r a ta ru lan but i ri uti i rm a i for t i ax w as r A . ac c o Repo ted p ﬁ S n C z Is d , d st b on nfo t on h s t on

I u h l . inadvertan tly carried over from the previous entry in this book (A . e cop y la ) In the i a w as r rt ar ri t ri i al ma u ri t A. a c c as r r and a al a in o g n n sc p , p ﬁ epo ed e on ocky dge ops co st ﬂ ts ,

t w tr i lex i w the Coastal Scrub comm unity a elev ations bet een 1 5 an d 6 5 m . A p p ac ﬁ ca as u r l r m i i it ri an The known to the a tho s on y f o the v c n y of Coches P etos d Valley anchorages . authors listed thi s species for all of the C aliforni a Channel Islan ds except San Miguel an a a an a ru A a a a a a ar ara San Ni las a a a ali a and San S t Ros , S t C z , n c p , S nt B b , co , S nt C t n , l m and for a a ali r i a lan of San arti r and at N i i a . C e ente) the B j C fo n Is ds M n , Ced os , v d d Distribution on the California mainland w as listed as between Lo s Angeles County and l ri t — r r a a ali r ia. im r i Ma u no the n B j C fo n F owe ng es we e g ven as y J ly .

L — . 1 886 . The ra our u . r ar i la . ani . yon , W S ﬂo of so thweste n ch pe go H. Bot cal Gazette 3 36

Tr a r as A. mi roca r a hi ax was r orte for San e ted he e c p , t s t on ep d Clemente Islan d .

ill au . F. and L . . utt N all . 1 923 . l ra of a a a al i a l an ali rnia . l M sp gh , C , W F o S nt C t n Is d , C fo Fie d u um of N a ural Hi r ubli a i 2 2 — No . 1 a i al ri 5 : 4 1 1 . M se t sto y , P c t on , Bot n c Se es , 3

rt A . ac i ca r m a ta a ali a lan in dr i ua i i e Repo ed p ﬁ f o S n C t n Is d , y , Open s t t ons The authors c t d specimens collected in the vicinity of Aval on and from the summi t of Black Jack [Peak] at

— an l a i 6 1 0m . l ri im r li as ar e ev t on of F owe ng t es we e sted M ch July .

u A . . 1 97 4 . A ra ut li , r a rn i a. i r it of al i r ia r M nz P ﬂo of so he n C fo Un ve s y C fo n P ess , Berkeley , ali r i a. C fo n p .

34 r A. p ac iﬁ ca r m sea blu in Repo ted f o ffs coas tal sage scrub from Los Angeles County to B aj a al r a. Al r r r m an a a , an a a ali a and San l m C ifo ni so epo ted f o S t Ros S t C t n , C e ente islands .

N l A . 1 904 . A , a lan am e son dec de of new p t n es . Proceedings of the Biological Society of a i 1 7 9 9— 1 0 W sh ngton 0.

The aut r ubli am Atri lex aci ca ho p shed the n e p p ﬁ .

O r au r T . A . 1 993 . l ri i a al be b e , F o st c n ysis of vegetation communities on Isla de Cedros B aj a , ali r i a xi — . . 1 1 5 1 3 1 C fo n , Me co P in F. G . H r i r. ochbe g , ed to Third Californi a Island m u y i m : t A a in ar ali r i S pos Recen dv nces Rese ch on the C fo n a Islands . S anta B arbara u um Natural Hi r an a arb ara M se of sto y , S t B , California.

rt A. a c i ca for dr la r Repo ed p ﬁ Ce os Is nd , whe e it occurs in scattered locations on the " r r , a and rr r no the n end west co st , Ce o de Ced os Spring .

d . r an L . i i , . 1 964 . a i and ra r Sh eve F I W gg ns Veget t on ﬂo of the Sono an Desert. 2 volumes . ta r ni r i r tan r al i r ia S nfo d U ve s ty P ess , S fo d , C fo n . p .

i Report ed A. p ac ﬁ ca from sandy soil back of beaches and along roadsides and trai ls in the r and L r ra ar a r m L Uppe owe Sono n zones , ne the co st f o os An geles County south to Cedros

Island .

W d . i n r . . an li . a i r . 1 4 99 . I of rar and Sk n e , M , B M P v k , ed to s nventory e endangered vascular

lant ali i a. ial u li a i r b N . 1 5 i i . ali r i a Na i lan i p s of C fo n Spec P c t on o , th ed t on C fo n t ve P t Soc ety ,

a ram t ali r i a. 3 36 . S c en o , C fo n p

f r ura r r um x in L A rt A. ac i ca o os l Oran r Repo ed p ﬁ Vent (whe e p es ed e t ct) , nge es , ge (whe e d an i i and f r a a li r um xti t i r i an S D u o a r ia. Al p es ed e nc ) , R ve s de , ego co nt es , B j C fo n so r rt the tax for a a a a a ru An a a a San Ni la a a a ali a and epo ed on S nt Ros , S nt C z , c p , co s , S nt C t n , t The au r a a ma urr ax had San Clemen e islan ds . tho s st ted th t ny known occ ences of the t on

xtir at a its ran had r a l r u b urbani a i and a m r been e p ed , th t ge been g e t y ed ced y z t on , th t o e

information on its distri bution w as needed .

a a ar ara i ali r ia. an a ar ara u um of mi . 7 . A ra . 1 9 6 S th , C F ﬂo of the S nt B b Reg on , C fo n S t B b M se

Natural Hi t r a a ar ara ali r ia. 33 1 . s o y , S nt B b , C fo n p

" ac i ca for A a a a la b r r li f an d i r r b r Reported A. p ﬁ n c p Is nd (on o de of c f ) c ted epo ts y othe The au r a a i i can authors for S anta Ros a and S anta Cruz islands . tho st ted th t th s spec es be

ulte ri . confused with A . co

— Hi ma i r. Th 501 505 in . . Atri lex. . , 3 . Ta l il . 1 99 J C ck n ed to Jepson H. r D . and . y o , , D W ken p P e

al r a. i r i ali r ia r , r l , manual : higher plants of California. Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess Be ke ey C ifo ni

35 i ca as rar blu and in rubla at l a i b l 1 00m al r A. a c Repo ted p ﬁ e on ffs sh nd e ev t ons e ow , ong the u r ali r ia a a al i r ia and al r m al i r ia a l coast of so the n C fo n to B j C fo n , so f o the C fo n Ch nne

Islands .

E ar m Li la ll Dr. al r in L r d N . . 1 890. a G . an . V sey , , J Rose st of p nts co ected by dw d P e owe

— H r ariu 2 . ri bu i r m U S . Na i al b m 8 C al ifornia in 1 889 . Cont t ons f o the t on e

la microca r a for r . Reported A. p Ced os Is nd

la an l lan u ali i an d 5 . a ular r r a D . 1 8 alla . 9 W ce , G V sc p nts of the Ch ne Is ds of so the n C fo n Na ural i u u ua alu lan a a ali r ia. H r m Los A l u G d pe Is d , B j C fo n t sto y M se of nge es Co nty ,

— 1 3 . Contributions in Science No . 3 65 1 6

i a f r an a ru A a a a San Ni la an a a li a and San r A. ac c o a Repo ted p ﬁ S t C z , n c p , co s , S t C t n ,

Clemente islands .

f a a ali r ia. a r i i L . 1 80. l ra o r i r a a. i . 9 r ali r i W gg ns , I F o B j C fo n St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d , C fo n

p .

a ci ca r m an il ar a r m Los Reported A. p ﬁ f o s dy so ne the co st f o Angeles County south to " " and on m a a i la r Cedros Island so e dj cent s nds . Flowe ing times were reported as — March October .

— lar l ra . . 1 1 . u 7 a 0. 9 88 in Ni A u L . 1 89 al r of a i . Y tes , G Ins F o s P nth nn Repo t the St te M neral ogist ali r ia a ini ur au a ram ali r i a. C fo n St te M ng B e , S c ento , C fo n

r mi ro ar a f r a ru A. c c o an la Repo ted p S t C z Is nd .

3 6 i ur 1 l a i ca A a a a lan ali r i a. Its i i i rui are i i 0. Atri ex c l F g e p p ﬁ , on West n c p Is d , C fo n d st nct ve f ts v s b e r i of (with magnifying glass or hand lens) in the lower left po t on the photo .

3 7

madriten i u s . ru deaceus B. s s s b bens A. a tua Bromus diand rus B. hor Cen taurea melitens is f , , , p , ,

r m m chatum Franken ia s alina Hemi on ia clemen ti E odium c icutariu , E . os , , z na , Hordeum

' murin um Is ocoma men ies ii Jun cus bu on ius Lama rckia aurea Las them a ca li orn ica , z , f , , f , Lo lium

erenn e Medica o ol mor ha Mes embr anthemum cr stallin um M. nod i o rum P a ra holis p , g p y p , y y , ﬂ , p incurva P lan ta o ova ta Sonchus oleraceus S er ula ria mac rotheca and Sua eda taxi li , g , , p g , fo a .

Status

On San Ni la la H. intercedens was ou uri i ur to be i r a in co s Is nd , f nd d ng th s s vey w desp e d the li r ia an l lan al m a Fi . On r a its abu a a ar eastern h f of the es ( g the othe C fo n Ch ne Is ds , nd nce ppe s can be mm in ar i i i an to be correlated with seasonal rainfall . It co on ye s w th s gn ﬁc t precipitation l i r i a mai la m ula i a and rar uri dr ar . On a b xtir a b e d ng y ye s the C fo n n nd , ost pop t ons h ve een e p ted y l m and m of r mai i are r a i r a li deve op ent , so e those e n ng th e tened (Sk nne P v k

Manage me nt S ugg e s ti ons Ob servations made during this survey suggest that population sizes and locations are extremely

ar to ar T i i ul re - ur r ar f variable from ye ye . h s spec es sho d be s veyed eve y ye or the next 5 years to An ra i or r u i urban on a f l document this variability . y g d ng g o nd d st ce the e st end o the mesa shou d

mid la umm r a r H. intercedens a b i r b e uri . done d ng the to te s e , fte seeds of h ve een d spe sed

Annotate d Bi b li og raphy

l ra Los A l and Vi i i . a r A ram L . 1 9 1 7 . r a r i r i b s , F o of nge es c n ty St nfo d Booksto e , St nfo d Un ve s ty ,

43 2 . California. p

m n l w a u uall ali m San i r H. us illu i o il r on ali r ia Repo ted p , he vy , s y s ne , so f o D ego the C fo n

mainland and from S anta Catal ina Islan d .

m . E . 1 3 . Hordeu . in . . Hi ma r ar r . 99 i . The man ual B kwo th , M P J C ck n , ed to Jepson ni r i f ia r r l i r lan of ali r ia. o ali r ali rni a. h ghe p ts C fo n U ve s ty C fo n P ess , Be ke ey , C fo

m r al l al r H. in tercedens r dr i r amb and al a i a l Repo ted f o ve n poo s , y s ne st e eds , k l ne ﬂ ts be ow l a i m in u r ali r ia an d rt r a a al e ev t ons of so thweste n C fo n no hweste n B j C ifornia.

6 . Tax m aum . R. and L . . ail . 1 98 N r and u Am ri B , B , G B ey ono y of the o th So th e can species of r a a i Ho rdeum section Hordeas t um . C n d an Journal of Botany 64:

T i tu m ari mi r m r l i al ara r of l i ul and i l h s s dy , co p ng c o o pho og c ch cte s the od c e ep b ast in H.

m H in terceden an . u u . H s illum u euclas ton H. exuos s d r r , ﬂ , , p , s ppo ted p evious taxonomic 4 i axa treatments that recognized dist nct t .

a ax mi u il 1 88 . A m R. and L . . a . 9 au . l a ua H. d B , B , G B ey t ono c st dy of the nn ep ress um and l a —4 a a ian ur a 0 . related species . C n d Jo n of Bot ny 8

T i u lari m r l i al i r ra l i h s st dy c ﬁed o pho og c d ffe ences between the tet p o d H. dep res s um and its

i l i alli H. in tercedens and H. us illum . The au r u a H in t r a d p o d es p tho s s ggested th t . e cedens m y l l i H all . de re u be one of the parents of the opo yp o d p ss m .

40 d . R. an L . aum . il a . 1 8 , , y 9 8b . A tax mi i i a B B G B e ono c nvest g tion of Hordeum a rizon icum ( a a : Triticeae it r r r la ) i . a a ia Po ce e w h efe ence to e ted spec es C n d n Journ al of Botany 66 :

i um ri al u of 6 i in u Ho rdeum In th s n e c st dy spec es the gen s , the authors found that

H. in terced ens is l l r la an d ma c ose y e ted to , y be one of the di loid arents of the hexa o d p p , pl i

H. a rizon icum .

Beaucharn , . . 1 986 . A ra San i u ali p R M ﬂo of D ego Co nty , C fornia. Sweetwater River Press , N a i al i li a r i a. 24 1 t on C ty , C fo n p .

r H. interced ens as u mm Repo ted nco on in alkaline spots in cismontane San Diego County at l a i b l m . i l ali i li r i r and San i e ev t ons e ow Spec ﬁc oc t es sted we e W tch C eek D ego . l ri im r i as A ril— F owe ng t es we e g ven p May .

m r . von . a N cob en . s . or ensen and E . Ni ra. 1 82 Both e , R , J , R B J g , co 9 . Revision of the Hordeum

— us illum r u . N r i ur al an 32 1 p g o p o d c Jo n of Bot y .

r H. interced ens r m a a a San Ni la a a a ali a and Repo ted f o S nt Ros , co s , S nt C t n , San Clemente i la and mai la r m San ra i Ba ar a s nds , on the n nd f o the F nc sco y e (where it was kn own from a i l ll t a a s ng e co ection) sou h to B j California. The authors reported that the 2 populations examined during their study were diploid (2n= 14) and discussed the variation in m r l i ara i in i Ha i a ri o pho og cal ch cterist cs the spec es . b t ts desc bed for the taxon included l a ali ri rb and a al i in ru la . ﬂooded , often s ne , ve eds , k ne ﬂ ts sh b nds

v ati i l i i aki and . r . 1 85 m r l i 8 m r . on . m 9 Both e , R , M Kot , Z Pe sson Geno e e onsh ps between d p o d

— Ho rdeum H r di a 1 03 : 1 1 6 . species . e e t s

In this study involving reciprocal artiﬁ cal crosses between 8 species in Hordeum section

An is ole is l a mbi a i ai l and m ri m i a i r p , on y few co n t ons f ed ost hyb d co b n t ons we e

- m P ri Hordeum intercedens and H. us illu l . b morphologically well deve oped I hy ds between p r u i rmi a an F ra i i i a i a l r la i i p od ced seeds wh ch ge n ted to 2 gene t on , nd c t ng c ose e t onsh p

between those 2 species .

i i in inters eciﬁ c Hordeum ri . . 1 . L a r m . 986 d T. m r . von . li an Both e , R , J F nk , ndst o Me os s p hyb ds I — a a ia ur al of i and t l 535 . Diploid combinations . C n d n Jo n Genet cs Cy o ogy

a i r in u Hordeum the N r Am ri a i l i In this study of meiotic pairing beh v o the gen s , o th e c n d p o d llum and 10S u Am ri a taxa itut a in t rced ens and H. us i species H. e p o th e c n const ed mi ru ur i i r m a r m t at homogeneous group with respect to geno c st ct e, wh ch d ffe ed so ewh t f o h

found in other Asiatic and North American species .

- An Li Laur . 1 99 1 . d . . or ensen an m v n . acob sen . a . , Both er, R . o , N J , C B den , R B J g I nde sen S ma i and eco eo ra hic tu i r p e cogeographical study of the genus Ho rdeum . yste t c g g p s d es on c o

r m tal . 1 27 . i al ar for la i u , , y p 7 . r a genepools No . Inte n t on Bo d P nt Genet c Reso ces Ro e I

4 1 t rcedens as mi to u r ali r i a a a an a arb ara Reported H. in e ende c so thweste n C fo n , dj cent S t B " " a i a was ri as al ri i la and r r a a ali r ia. r s nds , no thweste n B j C fo n Its h b t t desc bed ong ve s , ali and ar a u as al ali r al l in rubla and sometimes s ne often ﬂooded e s s ch k ne ve n poo s sh nds , " The au r a t a i is ill ra r mm in a a ill i at low al i u . h s des , t t de tho s st ted h t the spec es st the co on B j ia d at m i in a a ar ara la in u i ur abi a but on Cal iforn an ost s tes the S nt B b Is nds nd st bed h t ts ,

mainland California it has declined and is now found in only very few sites . The authors l l i al aria i in i r r i a m ula i found considerab e morpho og c v t on the spec es , epo t ng th t so e pop t ons iall r m ral ali rnia r alm labr u and a a few ula i had (espec y f o cent C fo ) we e ost g o s , th t pop t ons u shortly aristulate lateral spikelets (though most had obtuse to ac te spikelets) .

- l i r i a. Tim irr r 1 23 . l ra u r a r Los L . xl . 9 a i A . and . D v dson , , G Mo ey F o of so the n C fo n es M o P ess ,

4 2 . A l ali r ia. 5 nge es , C fo n p

us illum in u al i il ar a r m Los A l to San i Reported H. p s bs ne so s ne the co st f o nge es D ego on the

Californi a mainland .

The i la u r al i r ia and a li r r la . H. Ea A . 1 94 1 . stwood , s nds of so the n C fo n st of the eco ded p nts

— Leaﬂets of Western Botany 7 8 .

illum for San i u l a a a ali a and San l m i la r H. us . Repo ted p M g e , S nt C t n , C e ente s nds

he ra of a a al 1 8 1 . T i l . W . and . ran . 9 r ia xi . m 2 . an u ir No . 1 S Go d , F , R Mo g sses B j C fo n , Me co Me o Hi San i l a i i of Na ural r a i r i . 140 . D ego Soc ety t sto y , D ego , C fo n p

illu m N r m ri a an d r m a a al i r r H. us m r A ia N r r it Repo ted p f o o th e c , f o B j C fo n o te , whe e occurred in ditches an d in and around vernal pools in the northwestern portion of the state at Ti ua a al l alma ari El a l nia u rr r Er ira and San ( j n , V e de P s , Ros to , Desc nso , Co o G e e o , end , ui i at l a i l 300m and a al ﬂat r of u " nt n) e ev t ons be ow , on s t no thwest P nta Blan c a at an

elevation of 5 m .

r . . 1 986 . la i i in arl u Hordeum : Jo gensen , R B Re t onsh ps the b ey gen s ( ) an electrophoretic

— x a f r . a e ami n tion o p otein s Heredit s 29 1 .

Analy sis of electrophoretic studies of 6 enzyme systems and crossing studies in the genus H rd e um i i a a i l i o i H. in te rcedens and us il nd c ted th t the d p o d spec es H. p lum were more closely related to the South Ameri can diploid species than to the other North American E lu i a r and i l diploids . vo t on ry cente s poss b e migration pathways were discussed by the a uthor.

u ak . A . and . . Vanderwier. 1 990. An a a li of a J n , S , J M nnot ted check st the v scular plants of San — Ni la la ali r ia. . 1 2 1 1 45 in r i i co s Is nd , C fo n P P oceed ngs of the F fth Biennial Mugu Lagoon/

San Ni la lan E l i al ar m ium . Na al Air a i i co s Is d co og c Rese ch Sy pos v St t on , Po nt Mugu,

Californi a.

42 r in t r p H. e cedens as rar in mall r i at t Re o ted e s dep ess ons the eas ern and southeastern end of m a San Ni las la . The au r r r the es on co Is nd tho s epo ted that this taxon has been confused with

H. us illum hi is not u in ali r T , ia. al p w ch fo nd C fo n hey so stated that many southern al i r ia mai la ula i i p p H. n tercedens a xtir a d m d C fo n n nd o t ons of h ve been e p te , aking islan ula i x r p p m l imp r a for i u ur i al i rar ra o t ons e t e e y o t nt cont n ed s v v of th s e g ss .

u a S . . il ri an d . r 1 . 993 . A , , , r i ra a a ar ara I l d - J n k R Ph b ck C D ost ev sed ﬂo of S nt B b s an . P . 54 1 1 2

in . ail i r. a a arb ara la . O a i al , a r N . M D y ed to S nt B Is nd cc s on P pe o 6 . S anta Cruz Island u a i a a ar ara al i r ia. Fo nd t on , S nt B b , C fo n

r H. in te rcedens for a a ar ara la in i ur Repo ted S nt B b Is nd , d st bed sites and on grassy ﬂats of rra ar the te ce ne the eastern canyons .

S . T. u a A r . . il and , , , , , . u . 1 995 . A ra a ta J n k ye s R Scott D W ken D Yo ng ﬂo of S n Cruz Island . a a ar ara a i ar and ali r ia Na i la i S nt B b Bot n c G den C fo n t ve P nt Soc ety , Santa B arbara and

a r m ali r ia. a 3 7 . S c ento , C fo n 9 p

r H. in te rcedens as a i al on an a ru lan r it wa Repo ted occ s on S t C z Is d , whe e s found on coastal lu on a al a in m i r i and abili a u b ffs , co st ﬂ ts , o st dep ess ons , on st zed s nd d nes at elevations

b 1 0and 455 m . urr in a al ru ra la ri aria and u r a etween It occ ed co st sc b , g ss nd, p n , so the n be ch and u mm u i i on r i of i lan End la t d ne co n t es , the no th s de the s d on the West F ts , be ween ' li a Ba and ri r Har r and i a b Har r and Li l r i a . Pe c n y P sone s o , between Ch n bo tt e Sco p on C nyon ' It w as al so found in the island s Central Valley (in Canada Ceb ada) and on the south side of i la b i and la i i ula and the Si rra la a the s nd etween West Po nt the B ck Po nt pen ns , on e B nc w f r all f ali r ia a l la and ri . The ax as al r r o o dge t on so epo ted the C fo n Ch nne Is nds , on the a l ri m ai nlan d from the San Francisco Bay region to northwestern Baj a Californi . F owe ng w time as listed as April .

i l lina la ali r ia. 23 . l ra of a a a a Mill au . and L . . Nu all . 1 9 sp gh , C F W tt F o S nt C t Is nd , C fo n F e d — l ri 5: 1 4 1 3 . u um of N a ural Hi r u li a i No . 2 1 2 ani a M se t sto y , P b c t on , Bot c Se es ,

lum m an a a ali a la in la u r ali i u . r H. us il r Repo ted p f o S t C t n Is nd, open p ces nde s ne nﬂ ence " Speciﬁc local ities listed were Avalon and al ong the upper road to Pebble Beach .

m ll lar m t, li r ia an . lar u 1 5 . A manual of u r a , . A . 93 M nz , P so the n C fo n bot y C e ont Co eges C e on

42 . California. 6 p

a at San i the us illum as a i al in m a al ali , l Reported H. p occ s on open , so ewh t k ne p ces D ego on

u l a a a ali a and San l m t i la . California mai nland and on San Mig e , S nt C t n , C e en e s nds

l i of ali rnia r r , 4 ra of u r ali rn ia. i r , y u . A . 1 7 . A M nz , P 9 ﬂo so the n C fo Un ve s ty C fo P ess Be ke e

California. p .

43 l a i f u illum r m m r or l al ali la l o m , Reported H. p s f o o e ess k ne p ces be ow e ev t ons ali r ia to as i A lan i a an d ranging from cismontane southern C fo n W h ngton , the t t c Co st ,

w al r r for a a ru an a a ali a, an d San l m Argentina. The taxon as so epo ted S nt C z , S t C t n C e ente

— l ri im r li as A ril Ma . islands . F owe ng t es we e sted p y

A ali rnia ra. ni r i ali r ia r r l 1 63 . . 9 and . . , Munz , P . A . , D D Keck C fo ﬂo U ve s ty of C fo n P ess Be ke ey ,

Cal ifornia. p .

us illum r m m r or l al a i la b l l a i of m Reported H. p f o o e ess k l ne p ces e ow e ev t ons , ali r ia to a i A lanti a and ranging from cismontane southern C fo n W sh ngton , the t c Co st ,

— l ri im r li as A ril Ma . Argentina. F owe ng t es we e sted p y

la a a arb ara la ali r ia. adr n 1 7 2 . The ilbri . N . 9 Ph ck , R p nts of S nt B Is nd , C fo n M o o

— part 3 93 .

m f r a a arbara lan r it was rimaril r ri H. us illu o Reported p S nt B Is d, whe e p y est cted to the

terrace 510pes near the eastern canyons .

— f San l m la ali r ia. Ali 347 . H. 1 63 . A ra o a . 9 R ven , P ﬂo C e ente Is nd, C fo n so

m a mm in ra lan San l m la at l a in H. u illu s Reported p s co on g ss d on C e ente Is nd , e st [the]

central and northern parts of the island .

4 r a 1 . of ar and r a ular li i r . 99 r W . and . . a in r . Sk ne , M , B M P v k , ed to s Invento y e end nge ed v sc l i a li a i No . 1 5 i i . a r i N a i la i al i r ia. ial ub plants of C fo n Spec P c t on , th ed t on C fo n t ve P nt Soc ety ,

a ram ali r ia. 3 3 6 . S c ento , C fo n p

t r dens r m ral and u r ali r ia and a a ali r ia ll r H. in e ce o as as Repo ted f o cent so the n C fo n B j C f n , we r m an a a a a ru A a a a a a arb ara San Ni la an a a al i a and San f o S t Ros , S nt C z , n c p , S nt B , co s , S t C t n , Habi a li for i ax i lu al l and Clemente islands . t ts sted th s t on nc ded v ey foothill grassland (in r al The au r a saline ﬂats an d depressions) and ve n pools . tho s st ted that location and rari ty i rm a i was for San a r an d Los A l u i nfo t on needed M teo , Monte ey , nge es co nt es on the mai lan and for a a a an a a ali a an d San l m i lan . n d , S nt Ros , S t C t n , C e ente s ds They reported that most mainland occurrences had been extirp ated by development and that other populations

r r a . T al a a i ax had r i u l u we e th e tened hey so st ted th t th s t on been p ev o s y conf sed with H. m ri r l — us illu . l im i as ar u p F owe ng t es we e sted M ch J ne .

6 . A ra of an a ar ara mi . . 1 97 r i al i r i a. S th , C F ﬂo the S t B b eg on , C fo n S anta B arb ara Museum of Na ural Hi r a a ar ara ali r i 3 3 a. 1 . t sto y , S nt B b , C fo n p

u il um r Reported H. p s l f om several ﬁelds and vernal meadow areas from S anta B arb ara to l a i i ll i ma b 1 952 and 1 Al Go et , c t ng co ect ons de etween 969 . so reported the taxon from S anta " ru and A a a a i la and ibl a a a la C z n c p s nds poss y S nt Ros Is nd . Flowering times were li sted as — March June .

44 — 1 67 . A ra . . 9 a a a ali a la T r ali r ia. Ali ho ne , R F ﬂo of S nt C t n Is nd , C fo n so 7 7 .

r H. us illum as rar a a a al i a la dr l at l a i Repo ted p e on S nt C t n Is nd , on y , open s opes e ev t ons The au between 3 0and 1 20m . thor cited 3 hi storic collections made in the 1 9205 and 1 9305 : ' " in i l a an l E a l N at mu and in ri l M dd e R nch C yon be ow g e s est , the Isth s , d ed poo s of the " ' a ar soapstone quarries bove P son s Landing .

l a u ali r ia and 1 85 . a u ar l of ann l la r la . . 9 Wal ce , G D V sc p nts the Ch e Is nds of so the n C fo n l u ua al u lan a a ali r ia. Na ural Hi r u um Los A G d pe Is d , B j C fo n t sto y M se of nge es Co nty ,

— 1 6 . Contributions in Science No . 3

um us illum w as r r for San Mi u l a a ru A a a a an a arbara a a Ho rde p epo ted g e , S nt C z , n c p , S t B , S nt

a ali a and San l m i la . C t n , C e ente s nds

i r i r a r ali r ia. l ra of a a al i r ia. a r 1 80. L . 9 , Wiggins , I . F o B j C fo n St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d C fo n

p .

’ d r m r r a a Hordeum p us zllum was reported from North and South America an f o no the n B j rin r it was u on al al i a and in b of r al l . l California, whe e fo nd k ne ﬂ ts the eds ve n poo s F owe g

— times were listed as March May .

45 r e um n r i ur 1 2 . Ho d i te cedens , on rt a r a al a San Ni la F g e no he ste n co st ﬂ ts , co s Island , C aliforni a (photo taken 24 March

o ani a name : Le idium oblon um v ar. i l r ns u a e . H B t c l p g C itchc .

Commo n name : r ra lente illa Peppe g ss , j

Family : B rassicaceae

Lis ting s tatus Federal : Not listed State : Not listed CNPS : Not listed

Des criptio n

Le idium oblon um v - — ar . ins ula re is a mu ra a ual 2 dm all i r ra to p g ch b nched nn , t , w th p ost te a i bra a are ill - ir u scend ng nches th t v ose h s te (Fig . Leaves are laciniate to pinn atifi d or (the a al i innatifi a — b d; al l a are a u 3 cm l . a m are ma 6 9 cm l b s ones) p b s e ves bo t ong R ce es ny , ong; i l are m a a ar l i - mar i al are li l r 1 mm l ped ce s so ewh t fl ttened , sc ce y w ng g ned; sep s s ght y ove ong , not l - r i mi u al are 0or . ili l are m l la r u i u ong pe s stent; pet s n te S c es ost y g b o s w th p bescent margins , flat, r tu to b a in u li 2 mm l i i i l r i ula arr - i a i are o nd o ov te o t ne , ong , nd st nct y et c te , n ow w nged; p ces rounded with a smal l v- shaped sinus ; the persistent stigma is subsessile ; seeds are about 1 mm

— l . l ri im i ar ril Ma ong F owe ng t e s M ch Ap ( y) .

Taxono mic His to ry and Di s ting uis hing Characteris tics w v in ula re as am . Le H Lep idium oblong um ar . s n ed by C o itchcock in 1 945 from plan ts collected

on ua alu lan a a ali rnia. ari ins ula re i r r m its l r la i in ili u G d pe Is d , B j C fo V ety d ffe s f o c osest e t ve s q e l um a m m ar. b n a and . Le id iu oblon u v o o h s lli i ili u a sh pe size p g g e pt c s q es th t are mm long . Pubescence on the lower (ab axi al) surface of the pedicels is extremely variable and cann ot be 2 ari i ofL id ium m u r liabl to i i ui e oblon u as ral ul u . sed e y d st ng sh the v et es p g , seve keys wo d s ggest

Dis trib utio n

The u Le idium m ri i ab u 1 7 5 i is u in m ra r i rl i . gen s p , co p s ng o t spec es , fo nd te pe te eg ons wo dw de About 3 6 tax a in the genus occur in Cal ifornia and 8 taxa are found on the Californi a Channel lare is u in as al ar a r m ral a Le dium oblon um var . ins u Islands . p i g fo nd co t e s f o the Cent Co st of ur all ali r ia a l la x a a Cal ifornia to B aj a Cal iforn ia. It occ s on of the C fo n Ch nne Is nds e cept S nt i u l a a a an a ru A a a a San Ni la a a a ali a an d B arbara San M g e , S nt Ros , S t C z , n c p , co s , S nt C t n , San Clemente) and on all of the B aj a Califomia Islands except San Geronimo Los

r a T a San arti ua alu San i dr and Na i i a . The Co on dos , odos S ntos , M n , G d pe , Ben to , Ce os , t v d d)

- blon um ur mai la ra i a Ar a a and an a 0. var . o closely related L. g occ s on the n nd, ng ng e st to k ns s K s s an d south through much of Mexico to Guatemal a.

Hab itat O S la la Le idium oblon um ur rimaril on a al a and ar m of n an Nico s Is nd , p g occ s p y co st fl ts esc p ents i la b l a i 1 5 and 230m m l 1 5 the north and south sides of the s nd, etween e ev t ons of ( ost y between i ur ar a and a on a allu ial a ull m r l , , nd 50m) . It is found s ndy v fl ts , g y botto s , e oded s opes d st bed e s a ula i are u at i a la il r i open ridgetops (Fig . M ny pop t ons fo nd on fl s w th he vy c y so s cove ed w th n a i mall ula i a al u m a, i a dense lichen crust . S pop t ons h ve so been fo nd on the es s ndy open ngs

49 idium bl n um amongst shrubs between elevations of 1 20and 1 95 m . Lep o o g occurs mostly in

r is rub mmu i i r a ia i i lu Abron ia umbe llata Is ocoma and Co eop s sc co n t es , whe e ssoc ted spec es nc de ,

Ac i le mille olium Ambl o a us us illus Ambros ia chamis son is As tra alus tras kiae h l a f , y p pp p , , g , h rdea r Bromus o ceus B. mad it mibaccata Avena ba rbata ens is sub s . Atri lex cali orn ica A. s e p f , , , , p ma la ton ia er olia ta Coreo s is i an tea rubens Cal s te ia macros te ia sub s . am liss i C , y g g p p , y p f , p g g , llus E ri n ra ula nnata Cr tantha maritima var . maritima D a ucus us i o o um ran de var. C ss co , yp , p , g g m hatum Hordeum murin um Is ocoma men ies ii Lama rckia rium E . os c timorum , E rodium cicuta , , , z ,

aurea then ia cali orn ica Lomatium ins ula re Lotus ar o h llus var . orn itho us Lu in us , Las f , , g p y p , p a lbi ron s Malaco thrix ol ce ha la Medica o ol mor ha Melilotus indicus f , p y p , g p y p , , m P ara holis in curva P lan ta o ova ta Mes em anthem um cr s tallin um M. nodi oru b ry y , ﬂ , p , g ,

P teros te ia dr ma rioides Sals ola tra us Sen ecio vul a ris Sonchus oleraceus S er ula ria g y , g , g , , p g

m r h uaeda taxi olia Vul ia m uros and V. octo ora . ac ot eca , S f , p y , ﬂ

Status Ab u 30 mall al ula ax i i r a on San Ni la la . i r u This t on s w desp e d co s Is nd o t s , he thy pop t ons we e fo nd on the island during this survey (Fig .

in ulare is i r a on m of r i lan ff Lep idium oblong um var. s w desp e d ost the othe s ds o southern H r t ali r ia and a a a ali r ia. i s ran ali r ia and a a C fo n the west co st of B j C fo n oweve , ge on the C fo n B j u i a California mainland has not been well st d ed to d te . More inform ation is needed ab out the status of its habitats on the mai nl and .

Manage me nt S ugge s tions au ula i i i and l a i of i a ual ax ma ar r m ar to ar it is Bec se pop t on dens t es oc t ons th s nn t on y v y f o ye ye , recommended that the eastern portion of the mesa be re - surveyed each year for at least the next 5 years .

Annotated Bib liog raphy

1 . a i on ra and l r ma . 967 Ob r of San Ni l a lan . Fo e n , R se v t ons the ﬂo eco ogy co s Is d U S . Naval

i l i al Lab ra San ra i - - - a r al i r ia. r USNRD R d o og c Defense o to y , F nc sco , C fo n Repo t L TR 67 8 .

7 9 p .

Li r as L. oblon um i ax was r r for San Ni la la sted he e g , th s t on epo ted co s Is nd . The author cited 2 u r im i r ll in 1 897 and in 2 vo che spec ens , wh ch we e co ected 1 93 .

Hi . 4 xi a r L . 1 9 5 . The al Am ri a and I ia Le idia. tchcock, C Me c n , Cent e c n , West nd n p Madr ono

— 8 : 1 1 8 143 .

The ri i of i ax i was r r r m Del type desc pt on th s t on , wh ch epo ted f o Mar on the Californi a

mai la ra and a a al i r ia in xi and r m i la of a a ru n nd , Sono B j C fo n Me co , f o the s nds S nt C z , " ua al u San i r and Na i i a . The au r a G d pe , Ben to , Ced os , t v d d tho st ted that most materi al from the mainl and of Cal iforni a and Lower Cal ifornia has larger silicles than do the insular

la and is r i m a i rm iat in ara r i i al ari p nts , othe w se so ewh t nte ed e ch cte w th the typ c v ety .

50 H ll . T. 1 942 . A li a ular l owe , J st of v sc p ants from Guadalupe Island Lower Califo n e ﬂe s , r ia. L a t of r a 3 : 145— Weste n Bot ny 1 68 .

r i ax r m ua alu la i in p , ll i ma in i r Repo ted th s t on f o G d e Is nd c t g co ect ons de the p ne g ove , on the l of i ri and in mi l of s ope the p ne dge , the dd e the island .

un k a . A . and V . . anderwi er. 1 990. An an J , S , J M notated checklist of the vascular plan ts of San Ni la l — a ali r ia. . 1 2 1 1 45 in r i co s Is nd , C fo n P P oceed ngs of the Fifth Biennial Mugu Lagoon/ San Ni la la E l i al ar m ium Na co s Is nd co og c Rese ch Sy pos , val Air Station Point Mugu , , ali r ia C fo n .

T i ax was r r as rar on San Ni la la r it w h s t on epo ted e co s Is nd , whe e as found on the mesa south of li in m u and in u as r r i the v g co po nd the so the te n po t on of the islan d .

k . A . an una d . il bri . 4 199 . Th J , S , R Ph ck e vascular plants of Todos S antos Islan d B aj a Californ ia , , xi 07 — 42 . . 4 8 in . L . Hal r an Ma d . . ender i r Me co P W vo son G J , ed to s . The Fourth Californi a la m ium: a on a u of ur a Is nds Sy pos Upd te the St t s Reso ces . S nta B arbara Museum of Natural Hi r an a ar ar li a a r ia. sto y , S t B b , C fo n

r as rar u T a lan r i ax w Repo ted e on So th odos S ntos Is d , whe e th s t on as known from only 2 ll i co ect ons .

unak . A . and . hil ri . 1 994 . The ri la of San ar i la a a ali rn ia J , S , R P b ck ﬂowe ng p nts M t n Is nd , B j C fo , 42 —44 . in . L. al xi . 7 H 9 r and . . Maender i r . The ur ali r i a Me co P W vo son G J , ed to s Fo th C fo n lan m ium: a a u a a Is ds Sy pos Upd te on the St t s of Resources . S nt B arbara Museum of Natural H a i r an arb ara ali r ia. sto y , S t B , C fo n

T i ax w as r r for San ar i lan r it was ar la a in h s t on epo ted M t n Is d, whe e sc ce on v the

southeastern portion of the island .

T A r . t . il and . u a S . . u . 1 995 . A ra an a ru lan . J n k , , ye s , R Scot , D W ken , D Yo ng ﬂo of S t C z Is d a a arb ara ani ar and ali r ia Na i la i an a ar ara and S nt B Bot c G den C fo n t ve P nt Soc ety , S t B b

a ram o ali r ia. 397 . S c ent , C fo n p

The authors reported this taxon from all of the California Channel Islands except S anta arbara and r m all a a ali r ia i la x San r nim Los B , f o of the B j C fo n s nds e cept Ge o o r a T a San ar i ua alu r San i an d Na i i a Co on dos , odos S ntos , M t n , G d pe , Ced os , Ben to , t v d d w r r as a i al on a a ru lan r it urr in a i islands) . It as epo ted occ s on S nt C z Is d , whe e occ ed s ndy s tes u - a i l ri and a al blu at l a i r m as well as on rocky so th f c ng s opes , open dgetops , co st ffs e ev t ons f o

— 340m in a arral a al ru an d ra la mmu i i . was n a a , Ch p , co st sc b , g ss nd co n t es It k own on S nt Cruz Island from coastal areas on the west and southwest end between the vicinity of ' Pomey s Cove an d Willows Canyon and from the Sierra Blanca ridge .

5 1 he ra ua al u la xi . m ir al i r i a A a m ra . 1 996 . T Mo n , R ﬂo of G d pe Is nd, Me co Me o s of the C fo n c de y of

1 . 1 0 . Sciences No . 9 9 p

was i for San i u l a a ru A a a a San Ni a an a a ali a This taxon l sted M g e , S nt C z , n c p , col s , S t C t n , r San i and Na i i an l m T a ua al u a i lan . On S C e ente , odos S ntos , G d pe , Ced os , Ben to , t v d d s ds " lan it was r r as i r a r m i ri to u and Guadal upe Is d , epo ted w desp e d , f o the p ne dge the so th end

in good seasons fairly common .

i i a al i of a i mm uni i on la r a a . l r A . 1 3 r au r T. 99 Ob e b e , F o st c n ys s veget t on co t es Is de Ced os , B j

— H b r i r. T ir al i r ia l 1 1 5 1 3 1 in . . a ali rnia xi . . C fo , Me co P F G och e g , ed to h d C fo n Is nd al i r a la Symposium : Recent Advances in Research on the C fo ni Is nds . S anta B arbara

u um of Na ural Hi r an a ar ara ali r ia. M se t sto y , S t B b , C fo n

r for r lan r it urr in a r l a io l of Repo ted Ced os Is d , whe e occ ed sc tte ed oc t ns the ength the " island .

— i m r. idium . 426 43 0in . . H an di The an ual 1 3 . Le . m : i r lli . . 99 Ro ns , R C p P J C ck , e to Jepson h ghe f ali a r l i r i o rni r al i r ia. la ali r ia. n p nts of C fo n U ve s ty C fo P ess , Be ke ey , C fo n

r r m blu low ill and l b l l a i of 200m b ral Repo ted f o ffs , h s , s opes e ow e ev t ons etween cent li r i a as ll as r m the ali rn ia ali r i a and a a a ann l lan . C fo n B j C fo n , we f o C fo Ch e Is ds

The ru i ra of i al N r Am ri . lli . . 1 993 . a an r ni r i r Ro ns , R C C c fe e cont nent o th e c St fo d U ve s ty P ess ,

a 6 . a r ali r i . 97 St nfo d , C fo n p

r r m sea blu ra l r a i amo r arr ar l Repo ted f o ffs , g ssy s opes , o ds des , ng ocks , oyos , ne ﬁe ds , " lai and low ill rom ali r ia an l lan to a a al i rnia. ri p ns , h s f the C fo n Ch ne Is ds B j C fo Flowe ng

— times were listed as October May .

1 7 . A ra of a a arb ara r i mi . . 6 9 Califomi a. an a S th , C F ﬂo the S nt B eg on , S t B arb ara Museum of

N a ural Hi a a ar ara ali rnia. r 3 3 1 . t sto y , S nt B b , C fo p

r for all 4 N r r a l lan San i u l an a a a a ru an d Repo ted o the n Ch nne Is ds M g e , S t Ros , S nt C z , m r — An a a a i lan . l ri i li as ar u c p s ds) F owe ng t es we e sted M ch J ne .

al la . . 1 985 . a ular lan ann l la of u W ce , G D V sc p ts of the Ch e Is nds so thern C alifornia and

ua al u lan a a ali r ia. N atural Hi r u um Los A u G d pe Is d , B j C fo n sto y M se of ngeles Co nty ,

— u i in i N . 1 Contrib t ons Sc ence o 365 1 3 6 .

Le idium oblon um was r r for San i u l an a ru A a a a San Ni l an a p g epo ted M g e , S t C z , n c p , co as , S t a ali a San l m an d ua al u i la C t n , C e ente , G d pe s nds .

WE STEC r i . 1 97 8 . ur ar a l i al and Se v ces , Inc S vey of ch eo og c biological resources of San Nicolas

la . u li r r r ar for a i i il T r. 5 1 . ma and Is nd Unp b shed epo t p ep ed P c ﬁc M ss e est Cente p , ps a ppendices .

Le id ium oblon um was r r for San Ni la lan p g epo ted co s Is d .

52 l ra o a a ali 0. f r ia. an r i i . L . 1 98 i r i r a r W gg ns , I F o B j C fo n St fo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d , Cal ifornia.

p .

Le idium oblon um was r rt r m an and ra ll il al a and arr p g epo ed f o s dy g ve y so ong w shes oyos , ral al i r ia to ali r ia a l lan and r m r r i rra from cent C fo n the C fo n Ch nne Is ds , f o the no the n S e m r li — a ua al u in a a al i r ia. l ri i as ruar a Juarez and Isl G d pe B j C fo n F owe ng t es we e sted Feb y M y .

53 i ur 1 5 . Le idium oblon um var. ins ula re i ma ur ili l r a of San F g e p g , show ng t e s c es , no the st end Ni la lan ali r i a ak 24 ar co s Is d , C fo n (photo t en M ch

ium blon u i ur 1 6 . Habi a of Le id o m var. ins ula re a of a t a a F g e t t p g , bove west end D y on Be ch , u i San Ni la la al i r ia ak so theast s de of co s Is nd , C fo n (photo t en 1 1 March

B otan ical Name : Nas s ella ce m ua (Stebbins Love) B arkworth

Co mmo n name : Nodding needle grass

Family : Poaceae

Lis ting s tat us Federal : Not listed State : Not listed CNPS: Not listed

De s c riptio n l m ua is a r nial ra i l u m and um r u b a al l a a Nas s e l a ce pe en g ss , w th dense y t fted ste s n e o s s e ves th t — l Le a la are mm i ulm are ral and are 4 9 dm al . b are usually glaucous . C s seve t f des w de in r is an ani l 1 — 8 dm l i bran 5— 8 cm at to i lu . The and are ﬂ nvo te ﬂo escence Open p c e , ong w th ches

are i an l r S r adi ﬂexuous b ari 2 to ral i l . lum long ; b ranches d st t , s ende , p e ng , , e ng seve sp ke ets G es

— - mma x lu i are u ual 9 20mm l n 3 r labr u i an acurninate a x. The l neq , o g , ne ved , g o s , w th pe e (e c d ng

— — - awn is 5 1 0mm l b ur 5 7 r i il i and a at a x . The the ) ong , O sc ely ne ved , w th p ose ve ns , wned the pe awn i 50— 1 1 0mm l i b at ma uri and is and ﬂexuous b s ong , tw ce ent t ty , soft eyond the second bend .

Taxo no mic His to ry and Di s ti ng uis hing Characte ri s tics L ar i and r L and wa a a Stip a c e m ua w as named in 1 94 1 by G . edy d Stebb ns Rob e t ove s tre ted as l ulchra b Al an l and b r T ru . Nass el a cem ua was am b Mar variety of S. p y Beet e Ro e t ofs d n ed y y T i ax can b e i i ui rom 2 o h r i in u B arkworth in 1 990. h s t on d st ng shed f the t e spec es the gen s an Ni la la f al a Na l m ua Nass e lla that occur on S co s Is nd on the b asis o ﬂor char cteristics . ss e la ce — v 5— 1 2 mm l an d i i an l l l a — 1 3 20mm s . has longer glumes ( ong) s gn ﬁc t y onger emm s (7 1 2 mm vs . — v 20—40mm a 50 1 1 0mm s . l le ida . Na ella al 4 mm long) and wns ( ong) than N. p ss cem ua so — 45— 0 v . ul hr has longer awns (50 1 10mm s 9 mm long) than N. p c a ; the termi nal segment Of the

m . i and ri i w d ﬂexuous in N. ce ua n l u chra . a n is soft an (vs st ff g d i N. p )

Dis trib utio n

The u Nas s ella m ri ab u 80 i u in N r and u gen s co p ses o t spec es fo nd o th So th America. Three native are u in ali r i a Na e lla and 1 nonnative species fo nd C fo n . s s cem ua occurs in the Coast Ranges of ali r ia ill of i rra N a a and in rt r r i a a ali i C fo n , the footh s the S e ev d , the no he n po t on of B j C fornia. It s al u San Mi u l an a a a a ru A a a a San Ni la a a a ali a an d so fo nd on g e , S t Ros , S nt C z , n c p , co s , S nt C t n ,

San Clemente islands .

Hab itat Nas s e lla cem ua is primarily found on the south Side of San Nicolas Island; it is rare on the mesa

and r a r ar m . Nas sella ce m ua u ual l r x ri on the no the ste n esc p ent s y g ows on e posed dgetops , on u or - a i l a all or in a so th west f c ng s opes , on c nyon w s , open c nyon bottoms at elevations be tween 4 m abu a at l a i 24 and 2 0m . is 3 0and 1 5 It ost nd nt e ev t ons between 0m . Associated species

i lu Abron ia umbe lla ta Achillea mille olium Ambl o a us us illus As tra a lus tras kiae nc de , f , y p pp p , g , Atri lex s emibacca ta Avena ba rba ta Bromus m d riten a s is sub s . rubens Cal s te ia p , , p , y g

56 cr te ia u ma os s b s . am lis s ima Cr tan tha maritima v g p p , yp ar . maritima D a ucus us illu , p s , D ichelos temma ca itatum E rio onum rande v p , g g ar . timorum Is ocoma men ies ii , z , Lomatium ins ula re Lotus a r o h llu , s var. orn itho us Malacothrix g p y p , s axa tilis var . im licata p , Mes embr anthemum nodi orum Oli omeris lin i olia y ﬂ , g f , Sonchus olerac e us and S e r , p g ularia macrotheca .

Status

On San Ni la la Nas s ella cem u w - , a as u in mall i l a r ula co s Is nd fo nd s , w de y sc tte ed pop tions nearly r u u u ar m i lan Fi th o gho t the so th esc p ent of the s d ( g . On the Californi a mainl and it is , i r a and airl mm in mu Of its ra but its a i w desp e d f y co on ch nge , h b tat has been severely degraded and i urb b a l razi and r a ri ul ural a i i i in u r al i d st ed y c tt e g ng othe g c t ct v t es so the n C forni a.

Manag e me nt S ugge s tio ns

Habitats Of N. ce m ua on San Nicolas Island should be protected from excessive erosion and

i urb a . Al u ula i uri i ur a ar to b e al d st nce tho gh pop t ons seen d ng th s s vey ppe he thy , known locations ul b e re- ur at l a r 5 ar atu ula i sho d s veyed e st eve y ye s to check the st s Of pop t ons .

Annotate d Bi b liography

ar r . E . and . E r . 1 988 . E lu i in Sti eae : i i a i B kwo th , M , J ve ett vo t on the p dent ﬁc t on and relationshi ps of it l — 2 s m i axa. . 25 i 1 64 n T. . r r m et ai . i r ra S onophy et c t P R Sode st o , ed to s . G ss ystematics and lu mi i i E i . a u i r a i D C . vo t on S thson n Inst t t on P ess , W sh ngton ,

i r limi ar r i r r a i Sti eae S. ce m ua was i lu In th s p e n y e nte p et t on Of the p , nc ded in the genus Nas se lla but rmal m latural r al wa ma no fo no enc p opos s de .

E . . Na lla rami a Sti ea i ar r . 1 990 s s e e : r i r r a i and m la ural B kwo th , M (G ne e , p ) ev sed nte p et t on no enc t — 4 Tax 6 1 . changes . on

Di r b ra Achnatherum Nas s ella and Sti a r lu i a and ffe ences etween the gene , , p we e e c d ted the

N ce m ua was u li as a mbi a i . name . p b shed new co n t on

l : C . Hi ma i r. The a ua ll . . in . ar r ME . 1 993 . Nas s e a B kwo th , P J ck n , ed to Jepson M n

i r i Of ali r ia r r l . la ali r ia. Higher P nts of C fo n Un ve s ty C fo n P ess , Be ke ey

f r r la a arral and u i r lan la mmu iti at N . e m ua o a Reported c g ss nd , Ch p , j n pe wood d p nt co n es , a in ali r ia was i as i ri r N r a an elevations below m . R nge C fo n g ven nte o o th Co st R ges , a San ran i Ba ar a u a a Tra r a and ni ular e stern F c sco y e , So th Co st R nges , nsve se R nges , Pe ns a Ranges ; the taxon was al so reported for B aj a Californi .

San i u ali r ia. a r Ri r r , 1 86 . A ra Beaucharn . . 9 p , R M ﬂo Of D ego Co nty , C fo n Sweetw te ve P ess

Na i al i al i r ia. 24 1 . t on C ty , C fo n p

cem ua as i r u on dr l l l a i m in San i Reported S. nf eq ent y s opes be ow e ev t ons Of D ego an i and H a i l ali i li r San i u l u ai , S , County . Spec ﬁc oc t es sted we e M g e Mo nt n D ego ensh w

D ri im w as li as A ri l. am . Flowe ng t e sted p

57 The mi ra al i r ia l ral r i . L a r 1 96 1 . Crarn ton . p , B ende c g sses Of the C fo n F o P ov nce e ﬂets Of Weste n — Botany 9 : 1 54 1 58 .

m ua in oak la and a arr al t ill r m T am a u Reported S. ce wood nd Ch p of the foo h s , f o eh Co nty r a a to coast at San ran i and r an d u to and south in the inne Co st R nge , the F c sco Monte ey , so th Al r or S i r m ill of i rra N a a r m San Diego County . so ep ted the pec es f o the footh s the S e ev d , f o

Tehama County south to Kern County .

' i adr ii 1 2 — i St a . M o o : 1 2 1 4 u i on ali r ia 9 39 . 5 . cca . . 1 9 Dede , D M St d es the C fo n n spec es Of p

Reported the results of morphological an d an atomical investigations in the California

species of the genus and provided a revised taxonomic key for the taxa.

i a xi . The r a a ali r m ir N . 1 2 . San . 1 8 1 . a o W . ran 9 ul . . and Go d , F , R Mo g sses of B j C fo n , Me co Me o

0 . i i of N a ural Hi r San i ali or ia. 1 4 D ego Soc ety t sto y , D ego , C f n p

m ua r m ali r ia and r r a a ali r ia on dr l l a i r . ce Repo ted S f o C fo n no the n B j C fo n , y s opes to e ev t ons li i li in Ba a ali r ia in lu the oa al ar a u El ari m . L a Of oc t es sted j C fo n c ded c st e so th to Ros o , i a uar to m La um r a and r u l amau and hi ll of the S err J ez ( R o os Po tez e o de J ) , the foot s

Sierra San Pedro Martir to elevations of 7 00m .

0. An a a li a ular l V d rwier . 1 99 an San and . . an e unak . A . J , S , J M nnot ted check st Of the v sc p ts Of 2 1 — 1 45 in r i i Ni la lan ali rni a. . 1 i nial u u La / co s Is d , C fo P P oceed ngs Of the F fth B en M g goon

S an Ni la la E l i al ar m ium . Na al Air a i i u u co s Is nd co og c Rese ch Sy pos v St t on , Po nt M g ,

California.

m ua as a r on San Ni la lan urr i r S. ce i n a r and ral Repo ted sc tte ed co s Is d , occ ng the e ste n cent i a and in an and l ar u rim r of la r m i . po t ons Of es , c yons s opes o nd pe ete the s nd

T. A r . D . il and . u . 1 . ra u a S . 995 A of a a ru la . J n k , , ye s , R Scott , W ken , D Yo ng ﬂo S nt C z Is nd a a arb ara a i ar and ali r ia Na i la i t a a arbara an S nt B Bot n c G den C fo n t ve P nt Soc e y , S nt B d

a ram ali r ia. 397 . S c ento , C fo n p

mm n a r N. cem ua as o a ru la r it is u a Repo ted co on S nt C z Is nd , whe e fo nd t elevations b 6 and 53 5 m on a al lu r l ra ill i and x ri etween co st b ffs , ocky s opes , g ssy h s des , e posed dgetops in a al rub and ra la la mmu i i wa the co st sc g ss nd p nt co n t es . It s also reported for al l of the other ali rn ia a l la x a a arb ara San i u l a a a A a a a C fo Ch nne Is nds e cept S nt B M g e , S nt Ros , n c p , San Ni la an a a ali a and San l m i lan an d for co s , S t C t n , C e ente s ds) the mainland from the ali r i a a a to a a al i northern C fo n Co st R nges B j C forni a.

u . A . 1 97 4 . A ra of u r ali r ia. i r i of ali r ia r M nz , P ﬂo so the n C fo n Un ve s ty C fo n P ess , Berkeley .

p .

m ua r m dr l Reported S. ce f o y S opes below m in coastal sage scrub and southern oak

la la mmu i i . a was i as rt r al i r ia to San wood nd p nt co n t es R nge g ven no he n C fo n Diego County ,

— and a a ru an d a a a al i a la . l ri im r i as S nt C z S nt C t n Is nds F owe ng t es we e g ven April M ay .

58 H. a 1 63 . , . 9 A ra San l m la ali r i — R ven P ﬂo of C e ente Is nd , C fo n a. Aliso 5 347 .

r S. ce m ua r m dr ra la i Repo ted f o y g ss nd n the central and southern parts of San Clemente " la . a a a it is i ul i i ui r m Is nd R ven st ted th t d fﬁc t to d st ng sh f o S. p ulchra on the island; one or r urr r u u i lan [ . The au r al li t c S the othe occ ed th o gho t the s d] tho so s ed S. em ua as 1 of 6 pecies " u San l m lan an d on a a mai l a fo nd on C e ente Is d the dj cent n nd , as well as on the northern i la but a not , b u a a a ali a lan al u s nds h ve yet een fo nd on S nt C t n Is d, tho gh they may actual ly be r or a b r at im r a San l m the e h ve een the e the t e they e ched C e ente Island .

H. a . H. . T m d an . A . ri 1 R ven , P , J ho pson , B P gge . 966 . Flora of the S anta Monica Mountai ns , al i r ia 2 . nd i i . ial u li b a i No . 2 u r al i r ia a C fo n ed t on Spec P c t on , So the n C fo n Bot nists . University ali ia Los r An l . 1 8 1 . of C fo n , ge es p

r ti m u Repo ted S p a ce a as scattered in the coastal s age scrub and Chaparral plan t communities in r al of a a i a u ai at l a i l the weste n h f the S nt Mon c Mo nt ns , e ev t ons be ow 600in .

mi . . 1 97 6 . A ra of a a ar ara i ali r r ia. S th , C F ﬂo the S nt B b eg on , C fo n S an ta B arbara Museum of Na ural Hi r a bara ali a ar r ia. 3 3 1 . t sto y , S nt B , C fo n p

r S. ce m ua as a r dr l ra la lan an d a arral Repo ted sc tte ed on y Open s opes of g ss nd, wood d , Ch p la mmu i i in a a ar ara r mi a p nt co n t es the S nt B b egion . S th st ted that it occurs in the coastal area b ut is a ar l m r mm i la r r in i rra a r pp ent y o e co on n nd , to the pot e os the S e M d e Mountains an d f u am a all . Al r r or a a ru lan l ri i the C y V ey so epo ted S nt C z Is d . F owe ng t mes were listed as

— April July .

’ An u ri i i a r . . . t m ali r ia a bbi . L and . L b S M drori o Ste ns G , R M ove ndesc ed spec es of p f o C fo n . — 14 1

m ua i is r r for al i r ia r m T ama u u T ri i of S. ce ype desc pt on , wh ch epo ted C fo n , f o eh Co nty so th to San i u a i rra N a a ill al a r m r D ego Co nty , e st to the S e ev d footh s , ong the co st f o Monte ey

u ar and x i u l a i a u m in u r ali r i a. so thw d , e tend ng p to e ev t ons of bo t so the n C fo n

— 7 A ra a ta a alin a lan al i r ia. Ali 7 7 . 1 6 . T r . . 9 ho ne , R F ﬂo of S n C t Is d , C fo n so

ti a ce m ua as rar S a a a ali a la on dr r la or ra Reported S p e on nt C t n Is nd , y , e oded , c yey , g ssy " T m a : T i ra ma m r slopes at elevations between 420and 450m . ho e st ted h s g ss y be o e

lchra . frequent than thus indicated for I was unable to distin guish it in the ﬁeld from Stip a p u "

ulchra . a i ra l ub a it is i all i i r m S. In fact , I h ve cons de b e do t th t spec ﬁc y d st nct f o p

ular la of a n l la of u r ali r ia and 1 985 . a Wallace , G . D . V sc p nts the Ch n e Is nds so the n C fo n

r u um of Los A l u , ua al u la a a ali r ia. Na ural Hi G d pe Is nd , B j C fo n t sto y M se nge es Co nty — 1 3 6 . Contributions in Science No .

and a a a San Ni la a a a ali a, e m ua for a a a a a ru , A , , Reported S. c S nt Ros , S nt C z n c p co s S nt C t n

San Clemente islands .

59 l ra of a a ali r ia. a r i r i r an r . 0. al i i i L . 1 98 r i a W gg ns , I F o B j C fo n St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St fo d , C fo n .

p .

r Sti a cem ua r m T ama u to a al ill of San i u an d Repo ted p f o eh Co nty co st footh s D ego Co nty , " " m l — r babl in r r a a ali rnia. l ri i r i as A ri M a p o y no the n B j C fo F owe ng t es we e sted p l y .

ar r Botanical name : Nass ella lep ida (Hitchc . ) B kwo th

Commo n name : Foothill needle grass or small- ﬂowered needle grass

Family : Poaceae

Li s ti ng Status Federal : Not listed State : Not listed CNPS: Not listed

Des cripti o n i l u m and um r u a Na ella le ida is a r ial ra b al l a Fi . ss p pe enn g ss , w th dense y t fted ste s n e o s s e ves ( g — — 4 all . L a la are mm i and Culms are several and are 6 1 0dm t e f b des w de are usually ﬂat. The i r is an ani l 1 — 5 dm l i bra 5— 8 cm l ran are nﬂo escence open p c e , ong w th nches ong; b ches m u — Si l in air or in lu r a i to m r or l r a i . lu are ual 5 1 2 ng e , p s , c ste s , scend ng o e ess sp e d ng G es neq ,

- mm a x lu w mm l 3 r la r u i an acurninate a x . The l i a n is 4 ong , ne ved , g b o s , w th pe e (e c d ng the )

mm l b ur l 5— 7 - r u ual l villosulous m im ar l u b ong , O sc e y ne ved , s y , so et es sp se y p bescent etween the w is 20—40mm l i b at ma uri and i l n r i and a at a x . The a n s ve ns , wned the pe ong , tw ce ent t ty , s e de

and ﬂexuous beyond the second bend .

Taxo no mic His to ry and Dis ti ng uis hing Characte ris tics ' w Stip a lep iaa w as first described by Albert Hitchcock in 1 9 1 5 and N . lep ida as named by Mary Thi ax can r a il i i ui r m 2 r m mb r B arkworth in 1 990. s t on be e d y d st ng shed f o the othe e e s of the i l la au it genus Nas s e lla which occur on San N co as Is nd bec se s flowers are much smaller. — v — 20mm l an d Nass ella lep ida has shorter glumes (5 1 2 mm s . 9 ong) significantly shorter 4 — l and a 20—4 v 4 — mm . mma mm . 7 1 2 0mm s 5 1 1 0mm l le s ( vs ong) wns ( ong) than N .

ulchra . cem ua and N. p

Dis trib uti o n m ri ab u 0 i u in r an The genus Nas s ella co p ses o t 8 spec es fo nd No th d South America. Three native Na ella le i and 1 nonnative species are found in California. ss p da is widespread in the western portion of California (west of the Sierra Nevada) and al so occurs on al l of the California Channel

Islands and in B aj a Cal iforni a.

Hab itat

Nass ella le ida has l u in a r al of San Ni la la r as r p on y been fo nd the e ste n h f co s Is nd , on the no the te n

r and u - a i and southeastern escarpments . It grows on no th so th f c ng slopes at elevations b etween u imaril l a i f 24 1 2 and 230m an d is r be o and 60m . Nas s ella l , fo nd p y tween e ev t ons ep ida occurs in a al ru lan mmu i on a al a and in arr is the co st sc b p t co n ty co st ﬂ ts oyo b ottoms . It often found in

or ar O un tia a Fi . r a ia i i lu Achillea mille olium ne p p tches ( g whe e ssoc ted spec es nc de f ,

Achnathe rum die oens e Ambl o a us us illus As tra a lus tras kiae Atri lex s emiba cata g , y p pp p , g , p c , mu madriten i Avena ba rba ta A. a tua Bro s ho rdeaceus B. s s sub s . rubens Cal s te ia , f , , p , y g

macros te ia sub s . am liss ima Co reo s is i antea D aucus us illus D ichelos temma ca itatum g p p , p g g , p , p ,

’

E rio onum rande var . timorum Frankema salina G a lium a arin e G na halium bic l r g g , , p , p o o ,

in . . Hi lla . . ma i 3 . Nass e E . 1 r. ar r . 99 The B kwo th , M P J C ck n , ed to Jepson Manual i r i al i r ia r Hi r la ali r ia. r l . ghe P nts of C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey

d a r m r r and tral r ali r ia r N. le i u a Repo ted p f o no thweste n cen weste n C fo n , the So th Co st , the r Tra r a the r i ular an ali r ia a l la weste n nsve se R nges , weste n Pen ns R ges , the C fo n Ch nne Is nds , Ha i a li r dr l in a arral and an d B aj a Cal ifornia. b t ts sted we e y s opes Ch p oak grassland at

elevations below m .

i u ali a f San r i . a 6 . A ra o r i Be aucharn . . 1 98 r r p , R M ﬂo D ego Co nty , C fo n Sweetw te R ve P ess ,

24 1 . Na i al i al i r ia. t on C ty , C fo n p

le ida as r u on dr a al l at l a i l m in an Reported S. p f eq ent y co st s opes e ev t ons be ow S l ali i li r Luz ai b all S i u . i an a ual ar a D ego Co nty Spec ﬁc oc t es sted we e De , R n ow V ey , P sq , B on d a u a i im — ll i L ma San i an mb . l r r i ar a as Ma . V ey , Po nt o , D ego , J c F owe ng t es we e g ven M ch y

mi ra ali r ia l ral Crarn ton . 1 96 1 . The r i . L aﬂ of r p , B ende c g sses of the C fo n F o P ov nce e ets Weste n

— B otany 1 58 .

le id a at l w l a i in a a r m u Reported S. p o e ev t ons the Co st R nges f o H mb oldt County to San Di u and r r a a ali r ia and r m T am a and a a u i to ego Co nty no the n B j C fo n , f o eh Sh st co nt es l i a a Maripos a County in the foothil s of the S err Nevad .

l r u - d . L . xl . 1 23 . a r ali r ia. Ti a i A . an 9 m i rr r r Los D v dson , , G Mo ey F o of so the n C fo n es M o P ess ,

4 2 . An l ali r ia. 5 ge es , C fo n p

= emin en s . le ida as r u in a arral Reported S. ( S p ) f eq ent the Ch p zone from San Bem ardino to

San Diego .

D de 4 al i i — e cca D . . 1 5 . u i rn an i of i Madr ii 9 St a . o o 1 , M St d es on the C fo spec es p 39 .

Reported the results of morphological an d anatomical investigations in the California i of u and r i a r i i i a i for axa spec es the gen s p ov ded ev sed dent ﬁc t on key the t .

f l . la l o an l la f u . 1 950. o ali r ia . Al l D nk e , M B P nt eco ogy the Ch ne Is nds C fo n an Hancock Paciﬁc

— Expeditions 3 86 .

Mi u l a a a r S. le id a r m San a a ru An a a a San Ni la a a Repo ted p f o g e , S nt Ros , S nt C z , c p , co s , S nt

a ali a and San l m i la . C t n , C e ente s nds

E ra of L r ali r i a a A . 1 929 . u i in and a a i r of stwood , St d es the ﬂo owe C fo n dj cent slan ds . P oceedings al a m i ri 4 — 4 i r ia A 84 . the C fo n c de y of Sc ences , Se es ,

r le ida r m r la i i a ll i b E S. ar Repo ted p f o Ced os Is nd , c t ng co ect on y dw d Palmer. 4 Ea , A . 1 9 1 . The i lan u r ali stwood s ds of so the n C fornia and a list of the recorded lants p H. L a r a — e ﬂets of Weste n Bot ny 7 8 .

r S. le ida r m an a a p p , a a ru San Ni la S Re o ted f o S t Ros S nt C z , co s , anta Catalina , and San l m i la and S. le id a var . and e rs on i C e ente s nds p i from S anta Rosa and S anta Catalina isl nds a .

r ma . 1 967 Ob r a i , on ra and l San Ni la l a d . Fo e n R se v t ons the ﬂo eco ogy of co s Is n US . Naval a i l i al Lab ra r San ra i al i - - - R d o og c Defense o to y , F nc sco , C fornia. Re ort USNRDL TR 6 p 7 8 .

7 9 p .

Sti a le ida wa p p s i all x lu r m hi li for San Ni la land as spec ﬁc y e c ded f o t s check st co s Is , the

au r was u abl to l a a u r S im to u a ia arli r r r for i l tho n e oc te vo che pec en s bst nt te e e epo ts the s and .

W . an ul . d . ran . 1 98 1 . The ra of a a ali r ia i , , x . m Go d F R Mo g sses B j C fo n , Me co Me oir No. 1 2 . San i i Na ural Hi r San i li a ia. 4 r 1 0 . D ego Soc ety of t sto y , D ego , C fo n p

le r ida var. l ida Repo ted S. p ep from northern California through the Coast Ran ges to B aj a ali r ia r ru l or a i al l in i a C fo n , on ocky , b shy s opes occ s on y open p ne forest . In B j a California " N r it was li as airl mm in r r a a o te , sted f y co on no thweste n B j California below elevations of 600m in i rra uar to l a i of m rr San uan i at 7 00m , the S e J ez e ev t ons , on Ce o J de D os , on ua alu la at 450m and on r lan b l a i 0an G d pe Is nd , Ced os Is d etween e ev t ons of 30 d m. In a a ali r ia Sur it was li for r l of rr A ul at 550m and a B j C fo n , sted the no th s ope Ce o z bove le v i rra a i a a. . and erson ii was li as l all mm Encinos n the Sie de l G g nt S p ida ar. sted oc y co on

near the Johnson Ranch north of Cabo Colonet at an elevation of 25 m .

A . xi u li M . a i r la . 1 4 . ur Hal . O . 9 1 A e , G S vey of the veget t on of Ced os Is nd , Me co Unp b shed

i i r i of ali r ia at Los An l ali r ia. 96 . thes s , Un ve s ty C fo n ge es , C fo n p

Stip a lep ida was reported at middle and higher elevations on slopes in the less arid parts of " a he au r a rbi r u a imal of i la a r Cedros Isl nd . T tho noted th t the he vo o s n s the s nd h ve c opped

u i ra and a ani l is ar . short most of the b nches of th s g ss , p c e h d to ﬁnd

- l a 3 10. w r i . Am ri a ur a Hi AS 1 9 1 5 . Ne or tchcock , notewo thy spec es e c n Jo n of Bot ny

t rv Type descri ption of Stipa lepida from a specimen collected in the S anta Ynez Fores Rese e

by Agnes Chase in 1 9 1 0.

ati al u i r m US . N N r Am ri a i Sti a . ri 1 25 . Hi A . . 9 tchcock , S o th e c n spec es of p Cont b t ons f o the on

— Herb arium 24 2 1 5 262 .

r m ral ali r ia ida r m dr ill and r l p Reported Stip a lep f o y h s , open woods , ocky s o es f o cent C fo n i la r am the to B aj a California; collections from S anta Catal ina and Cedros s nds we e ong

specimens cited .

65 ra of a n l la off a a 3 2 . N on arbara al man . 1 i H 9 r ia. off n , R otes the ﬂo the Ch n e Is nds S nt B , C fo n

r al i r ia A a m i - B ulletin of the Southe n C fo n c de y of Sc ences 60.

mm r l a a a le ida as S la . Reported S. p co on on ocky opes on S nt Ros Is nd

A r a — 1 993 . i r of a a il ri and . r . arb ara k S . . lan un a . 54 1 1 2 . in J , , R Ph b ck , C D ost ev sed ﬂo S nt B Is d P

b ara la . O a i al a r No . 6 i l i r. a a ar an a ru l . a an M D y , ed to S nt B Is nd cc s on P pe S t C z Is d

u a io a a arbara ali rni a. Fo nd t n , S nt B , C fo

le ida r m a a arb ara lan r it was r m a r N. i l ll Repo ted p f o S nt B Is d , whe e known f o s ng e co ection

made in 1 93 9 .

il and D . u . 1 5 . ra t . A T. A r . D 99 o an a ru u a S . lan . J n k, , ye s , R Scot , W ken , Yo ng ﬂ of S t C z Is d an a arb ara a i ar and ali r ia Na i lan i a a arb ara and S t B Bot n c G den C fo n t ve P t Soc ety , S nt B

a 3 7 . a ram ali r i . 9 S c ento , C fo n p

da a mm a a u w r N. le i s r la r it as u at l a i Repo ted p co on on S nt C z Is nd , whe e fo nd e ev t ons 3 0and 505 m on a al lu r Sl ra ill i and x between co st b ffs , ocky opes , g ssy h s des , e posed ri in a al ru ra la and i r la mmu i w i . a al dgetops the co st sc b , g ss nd , p ne fo est p nt co n t es It s so r r for all of r ali r ia a l la San Mi u l a a a epo ted the othe C fo n Ch nne Is nds g e , S nt Ros , A a a a an a ar ara San Ni la a a a ali a and San l m i la an d for n c p , S t B b , co s , S nt C t n , C e ente s nds) ua alu l n On Los r a and r i an i xi . mai l a it w as r r Co on dos , G d pe , Ced os s ds Me co the n nd , epo ted r m m ali r ia of i rra N a a an d a a ali l ri f o ost of C fo n west the S e ev d B j C forni a. F owe ng times a ar — Ma were listed s M ch y .

F. and L . . Nu all . 1 23 . l ra a Mill au . 9 of a a ali a lan li a r ia. i l sp gh , C , W tt F o S nt C t n Is d , C fo n F e d l Hi u — u um Na ura r li a i NO . 2 1 2 ani al i 4 r 1 3 . M se of t sto y , P b c t on , Bot c Se es ,

r S. le ida var . le ida r m Si ua i an a a al i a la i i a Repo ted p ( p ) f o Open t t ons on S t C t n Is nd , c t ng ' a l i im r m all r a . Al r r . e v and spec en f o G ghe s C nyon so epo ted S p da ar . ers on ii from hill sides and blu on i lan i i im r m bbl a a ill i in ffs the s d , c t ng spec ens f o Pe e Be ch , h s de the c anyon ' hn u i i o n s and ar L a . oppos te Ch cken J y , S g o f

ra f ua alu lan xi . m ir ran . 1 996 . The o of ali r ia Mo , R ﬂo G d pe Is d , Me co Me o s the C fo n Academy of

Sciences No . 1 9 . 1 90p .

m r r al i r ia u r a a r S. le ida r ali r ia r m ali r ia Repo ted p f o no the n C fo n to so the n B j C fo n , f o the C fo n l la and r m Los r a r an d ua alu a i lan . Ch nne Is nds , f o Co on dos , Ced os , G d pe s ds The author stated that the taxon was not found on Guadalupe Island until 1 958 and that it appeared to be l ali a i u mi l i la a l of El i a oc zed on the e st s de so th of the dd e of the s nd , on the e st s ope P c cho ,

and west of the lobster camp .

lar man ual of u r ali r ia a . m u . A . 1 93 5 . A ll lar m M nz , P so the n C fo n bot ny C e ont Co eges , C e ont , 42 6 . California. p

66 r S. le ida var . le ida a Repo ted p ( p ) s occasional on dry cismontane slopes below elevations of m in u r ali r ia ran i ral and a a so the n C fo n , g ng to cent B j California an d to S anta Catalina l ' d San m i la . Al an r r S. le ida v an C e ente s nds so epo ted p ar . ders om i as with the species but l mm and r m a a a lan ess co on , f o S nt Ros Is d .

1 4 . ra u , . A . 97 A u r ali r ia. ni r i ali r ia r r M nz P ﬂo of so the n C fo n U ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be keley ,

California. p .

Reported Stip a lep ida from dry slopes below elevations of m in Chaparral and coastal u an wa i sage scrub pl ant comm nities . R ge s g ven as northern California to B aj a California

— and ali r ia ann l lan . l ri im r li as ar Ma the C fo n Ch e Is ds F owe ng t es we e sted M ch y .

d . . . 1 63 . A ali r ia ra. r i al . an 9 i i r ia r u . A r l M nz , P , D D Keck C fo n ﬂo Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey ,

California. p .

m d l l l a i of m in a arral a al a r . le ida r r S Repo ted S p f o y opes be ow e ev t ons Ch p , co st s ge i as a an r m ru and a al rairi la mmu i i . a w as sc b , co st p e p nt co n t es R nge g ven the Co st R ges f o l im Humboldt County to B aj a Cal ifornia and the Californi a Chann el Islands . F owering t es

— were listed as March May .

l ri i anal i a i mmu i i on la r a a 1 3 . A . O r au r T. 99 be b e , F o st c ys s of veget t on co n t es Is de Ced os , B j

— H b r i r. T i r ali r ia la 1 1 5 1 3 1 in . . ali r ia xi . . C fo n , Me co P F G och e g , ed to h d C fo n Is nd a a ar ara Symposium : Recent Advances in Research on the California Islands . S nt B b

a ural Hi r a a ar ara ali r i a. Museum of N t sto y , S nt B b , C fo n

le ida as i r a at mi dl l a i r u u r lan . Reported S. p w desp e d d e e ev t ons th o gho t Ced os Is d

— 4 . f San l m lan ali r ia. Ali 3 7 3 . A ra o H. 1 6 a . 9 R ven , P ﬂo C e ente Is d , C fo n so

le ida as ai rl mm in ra la r u u San l m la . Reported S. p f y co on g ss nd th o gho t C e ente Is nd

l ra a a i a u ai , T m and . A . ri . 1 966 . H. . H. Raven , P . , J ho pson , B P gge F o of the S nt Mon c Mo nt ns

ali rni a a i . i r i ial u li a i No . 2 u r i . Cal ifornia. 2nd edit on Spec P b c t on , So the n C fo Bot n sts Un ve s ty

r ia Los A l . 1 8 1 . of Califo n , nge es p

a u ai in a al a le ida as mm r u u an a i , Reported S. p co on th o gho t the S t Mon c Mo nt ns co st s ge

and ab u b r r of a arral . rub u r oak la , C p sc , so the n wood nd o t the o de s h

a ara a i ar a a ar ar , f an a arb ara. a a ar , 1 52 . A ra o . 9 Smi th , C . F ﬂo S t B S nt B b Bot n c G den S nt B b

1 00 . Californi a. p

arb ara ar a and r m ders on u r m a al blu in a a , le ida var. an Reported S. p f o co st ffs the S nt B e f o

S anta Rosa and S anta Cruz islands .

67 b ara r i ali r ia A ra of a a ar . a a Barb ara 1 7 6 . u u mi . . 9 m S th , C F ﬂo the S nt B eg on , C fo n S nt M se of

N a ural Hi r an a ar ar a ali rnia. 3 3 1 . t sto y , S t B b , C fo p

le ida a mm l a r ab u ra le ida var. s lan and i Reported S. p p co on y sc tte ed o t g ss d nto woodlan d " an d Chaparral in deeper soils of the coast and inland mountai ns in the S anta B arb ara region

’

r r . l i v d mi al S e da ar. an er m i an d r m A a a a la . so i i f o n c p Is nd S th so epo ted p w th the spec es , " " a ar l in ri r i ua i and r a l an l i al rm and r m San i u l pp ent y d e s t t ons pe h ps on y eco og c fo f o M g e ,

a a a a a ru and A a a a i la . S nt Ros , S nt C z , n c p s nds

— A ra of an a a ali a lan al i rn ia. Ali F. 1 67 . 7 7 . R. 9 Thorn e, ﬂo S t C t n Is d , C fo so

le ida as mm on dr r l and lu l a r S. i of 1 0and Repo ted p co on y , ocky s opes b ffs between e ev t ons a a 550m at locations throughout S anta C talin Island . Speciﬁc localities listed were Renton ' ' i A al al la r ai Mi l an and a n the ou M ne , v on , G ghe s , Sw n s , dd e R ch , Cottonwood c nyo s , s th l of u Ori aba of Em ir La i mu and all rr . s ope Mo nt z , west p e nd ng , the Isth s , Che y V ey

1 5 . a ular la the an l la u al la . . 98 r ali r ia and W ce , G D V sc p nts of Ch ne Is nds of so the n C fo n Hi u u ua alu la a a ali r ia. Na ural r m of Los A l u G d pe Is nd , B j C fo n t sto y M se nge es Co nty ,

— 1 3 6 . Contrib utions in Science No .

r S. le ida for San i u l a a a a a ru An a a a a a arb ara an a Repo ted p M g e , S nt Ros , S nt C z , c p , S nt B , S t

a ali a San l m and ua al u i lan . Li as u ub an ia for San Ni la C t n , C e ente , G d pe s ds sted ns st t ted co s

Island .

l a a al L . 1 80. ra of i r ia. a r i i i . 9 r i r a r ia ali r . W gg ns , I F o B j C fo n St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d , C fo n

p .

le ida r Hu l u Reported S. p f om mb o dt Co nty and the Cal ifornia Channel Islands to dry slopes of r ill i rr a uar and San r ar ir in a a ali the weste n footh s of S e s J ez Ped o M t B j C fornia. Flowering im r — t es we e listed as March M ay .

68 i ma ur i r r a r a al a San i ur 1 9 . Nass ella le ida F g e p , show ng t e nﬂo escence , on no the ste n co st ﬂ ts , Ni la lan ali r ia ak 24 ar co s Is d , C fo n (photo t en M ch

a San Ni la a in O untia a r a r a tal , Ha i a Nas s ella le id , p p Figure 20. b t t of p tch on no the ste n co s ﬂ ts co s

lan ali r ia a 24 ar Is d , C fo n (photo t ken M ch

' rn itho us L cium cali orm cum Med i aurea Lotus a r o h llus var . o ca o ol mor ha O untia , g p y p , y f , g p y p , p li ra P a ra holis incurva San ic ula a r uta Senecio vul ari Son hu orico la O . ro e s c s olera ceus , p f , p , g , g , , and Sp e rg ula ria macrotheca .

Status lchra ra i in i r m 5 individiual At l a 1 5 ula i N . u S s to ral u r e st pop t ons of p , ng ng ze f o seve h nd ed

lan r u on San Ni la la uri i ur Fi . The i is i r a p ts , we e fo nd co s Is nd d ng th s s vey ( g spec es w desp e d r a l la b ut its a i a has b ra b ral an imal an d b on the othe Ch nne Is nds , h b t t een deg ded y fe s y a li r raz i a ta a a a ru and a a a a i la . On ali r ia mai lan ove g ng on S n Ros , S nt C z , S nt C t n s nds the C fo n n d , it is i r a and ai rl mm in mu its ra b ut its a i a has b r l w desp e d f y co on ch of nge , h b t t een seve e y ra and i urb a l ra i and r a ri ul ural a i i i in u r ali deg ded d st ed by c tt e g z ng othe g c t ct v t es so the n C fornia.

Manage me nt s ugge s ti o ns ulchra on San Ni la la ul be r r m x i r i Habitats Of N. p co s Is nd sho d p otected f o e cess ve e os on and la i uri i ur a ar to al i ur a . Al u u k l a i d st b nce tho gh pop t ons seen d ng th s s vey ppe be he thy , nown oc t ons i i at l a r 5 ar to a u ula i should b e rev s ted e st eve y ye s check the st t s of the pop t ons .

Anno tate d b ib liog raphy

l ra L A l and i i i . a A ram L . 1 9 1 7 . os r r a r i r i b s , F o of nge es V c n ty St nfo d Booksto e , St nfo d Un ve s ty ,

al i ia. 4 2 C forn 3 p .

= lchra as mm a r S. s e ti era S. u on m ra hill and in a Repo ted g ( p ) co on the es s , g ssy s , open sp ces " in the Chaparral belt in the Los Angeles area.

L 44 lu ted ra a i H stra a . lum . O hi l Abram . 1 9 . a a to s , ﬂo of the P c ﬁc St tes Vo e I p og oss ce e i Ari l i a a . a r r i r a ali r r ia. 53 8 . sto och ce e St nfo d Un ve s ty P ess , St nfo d , C fo n p

l hr r Reported S. p u c a from Open g ound in the Arid Transition Zone mostly in the Coast a of ral ali r ia and ra i u i a a l R nges cent C fo n ng ng so th nto B j California. F owering times were li ar — a sted as M ch M y .

ar r . E . and . E r . 1 988 . E lu i in Sti eae : i i a i and r la i i B kwo th , M , J ve ett vo t on the p dent ﬁc t on e t onsh ps — f its m l i ax a. 2 1 2 4 i o 5 6 n T. . r r m et al . . di r . ra ma i onophy et c t P R Sode st o , e to s G ss Syste t cs mi i a i u i r and E lu i . t i D a C . vo t on S hson n Inst t t on P ess , W sh ngton ,

t i r limi ar r r a i lchra w r i Sti eae S. u as i lu in u In h s p e n y e nte p et t on of the p , p nc ded the gen s Nas s e lla but no rmal m la ural r al w m a fo no enc t p opos as de .

mi a ar r . E . 1 990. Nas s e lla ra Sti eae : r i i r r a i an m la ural B kwo th , M (G ne e , p ) ev sed nte p et t on d no enc t

— Tax 3 14 . changes . on 9 6

i r ra Achnatherum Nas se lla and Sti a r l D ffe ences between the gene , , p we e e ucidated an d the am N ul hra wa u li as a c s b mbi a i . n e . p p shed new co n t on

7 2 E . 1 . . 9 3 Nas s e ll ar r 9 a . . , in . . Hi ma i r. The B kwo th M P J C ck n , ed to Jepson Manual :

Hi r la of ali r ia. i r i al i r ia r ghe P nts C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Berkeley .

r N. ulchra for ra la a arral and oak Repo ted p g ss nd , Ch p , woodland lant communities at p , i elevat ons below m . Range in California was given as northwestern California the , r r and ral i rra N a a ill u r a ram all no the n cent S e ev d footh s , the so the n S c ento V ey , central r ali r ia u a r Tran r an an weste n C fo n , the So th Co st , weste n sve se R ges , d the western Peninsular Ranges ; the taxon w as al so reported for the California Channel Islands and for B aj a

California.

m . . and . mmill . ar l 1 98 1 . The l i al a u of ti B to o e , J W B Ge eco og c st t s S p a p ulchra (Poaceae) in — Madroﬁo 2 : 1 7 2 1 4 . California. 8 8

The authors presented information on the past and present role of Stip a p ulchra in California ma ran at H ra lan . r lan i l a i in r r ali r i a g ss ds In pe nent t sects the op d F e d St t on no the n C fo n , they

ulchra did i r a r a 2 - found that the density of S. p not nc e se ove 0year peri od in ungraz ed areas and a i was r la b r r ial ra and a ual th t the spec es ep ced y othe pe enn g sses nn s on some plots . ulchra rmi a m r l l a a ia a ual They ob served that S. p ge n ted o e s ow y th n ssoc ted nn plants an d that Stip a seedlings apparently did not survive the period of rapid spring growth in annual l hra at ial u a r S. u c rmi a and la r ra la . ot r g ss nd In p t s , they fo nd th t fewe p ge n ted th p nts g ew r u m l i d al r T poorly when grown with high densities of B om s o l s an Fes tuca meg u a . hey ulchra is m mm al i r ia a i ra au it is a r concluded that S. p the ost co on C fo n n t ve g ss bec se f vo ed i urban a are mm au i mi a ri i by d st ces th t co on now , not bec se the spec es do n ted the p st ne T a a i urb a i r u a ia an ual are California grassland . hey st ted th t d st nces wh ch ed ce ssoc ted n s

ulchra . important for colonization by S. p

i r r San i u ali r ia. a r 1 86 . A ra Beaucharn . . 9 , p , R M ﬂo of D ego Co nty , C fo n Sweetw te R ve P ess

Na i al i ali r ia. 24 1 . t on C ty , C fo n p

ulchra as mm on dr l l l a i of 900m in r San Reported S. p co on y s opes be ow e ev t ons weste n

i l al i i li r E i i a i L ma r r r all , Diego County . Spec ﬁc oc t es sted we e nc n t s , Po nt o , Foste , P octo V ey

— l ri im r li as ar Ma . and Jacumba. F owe ng t es we e sted M ch y

— 357 . i u i of a i ra of ali r ia. Hil ardi a 4 . i r A . 1 7 l . Beet e , A 9 D st b t on the n t ve g sses C fo n g

lchra in a l ida and S. u a em ua S. e Distrib ution maps were provided for Stip c , p , p the Co st

Ranges and Central Val ley of California.

L a r The mi ra of al i r ia l ral r i . 1 6 1 . Crarn ton . 9 p , B ende c g sses the C fo n F o P ov nce e ﬂets of Weste n — Botany 1 58 .

a arral in a a ulchra at low l a i in oak la and , Reported S. p e ev t ons wood nd Ch p the Co st R nges " u and a a ali r ia i la off from Humboldt County to San Diego Co nty B j C fo n , on the s nds the " and in the i rra n ill urr u i ral all , southern California coast , i the footh s s o nd ng the Cent V ey S e

Nevada from Shasta County to Mariposa County .

7 3 - 23 . l ra u r ali r ia. Tim l . 19 i d . L . x rr r a i A . an r Los D v dson , , G Mo ey F o of so the n C fo n es M o P ess ,

A l ali r ia. 452 . nge es , C fo n p

l hra as mm on a a lai and in ill of Reported S. p u c co on dobe b nks , on the p ns , the footh s the

Co ast Ranges from Los Angeles to San Diego .

‘ — i on ali r ian i Sti a . Madrori o 1 3 Dedecc a Dalvo . 1 954 . u 9 . , M St d es the C fo n spec es of p

Reported the results of morphological and anatomical investigations in the C alifornia a r i i i a i for species of the genus and provided ev sed dent ﬁc t on key the taxa.

Al lan l of a l la of ali r ia. lan Han a i 1 50. u l . . 9 D nk e , M B P t eco ogy the Ch nne Is nds C fo n cock P c ﬁc

— Expeditions 3 86 .

hra f r San i u l a a a a a ru An a a a a a arb ara San r S. ulc o Repo ted p M g e , S nt Ros , S nt C z , c p , S nt B , m Ni la a a a ali a an d San l i lan . co s , S nt C t n , C e ente s ds

a u r li rnia and li r A . 1 4 1 The i l a a r la . H. Ea 9 . stwood , s nds of so the n C fo st of the eco ded p nts — Le aﬂets of Western Botany 7 8 .

r for San i u l a a a an a ru San Ni la a ali a r S. ulch a a a Repo ted p M g e , S nt Ros , S t C z , co s , S nt C t n ,

and San Clemente islands .

ti n ra an m a . 1 67 . 0b serva o s d l of San Ni la la . a or 9 U S . N al F e n , R on the ﬂo eco ogy co s Is nd v

- - - l i al Lab ra San ran i ali rn ia. r U a i r SNRDL TR 67 8 . R d o og c Defense o to y , F c sco , C fo Repo t

7 9 p .

l hra r m an Ni l la w r S. u c S a r it as u i r u in Repo ted p f o co s Is nd, whe e fo nd to be nf eq ent Open

areas of the mesa and escarpment .

W . an . . The r ul . d . ran 1 8 1 a a a ali r ia m ir N an 9 xi . 2 o . 1 . S Go d , F , R Mo g sses of B j C fo n , Me co Me o l an Di i of Na ura Hi r S Di ali r ia 140 . ego Soc ety t sto y , ego, C fo n . p

hr m r r ali r ia a a r i r S. ulc a r ali a on dr b ru or r Repo ted p f o no the n C fo n to B j C fo n , y, shy fo ested " l l l a i of m in u r ar f ra In a a a s opes be ow e ev t ons the so the n p t o the nge . B j Californi " " N r it w as r r m l ar a to u of E a a an d r m u Los o te , epo ted ost y ne the co st so th nsen d , f o So th

Coronados Island .

f a 1 2 . N on ra o l lan off a a ar a H m ann . 93 b ar al i r i a. off , R otes the ﬂo the Ch nne Is ds S nt B , C fo n r al i r ia A a m of i — B ulletin of the Southe n C fo n c de y Sc ences 6 0.

ulchra a r m a ar a Reported a few plants of S. p on ocky es ne the e st end of San Mi guel l Is and .

i l ll r 1 7 7 . The a for mi a b ti a ul r ia d . H. u . 9 S ch a i a al i r Hull . . an n , J C C M e potent do n nce y p p C fo n l i : 4 — Am ri a i la Na ura 97 1 7 17 5 . grassland . e c n M d nd t st

7 4 T i u xami ial S. ulchra to x lu A h s st dy e ned the potent of p e c de vena fatua from the perennial ra la r . m l and r h u S u i au r lu g ss nd F o ﬁe d g een o se t d es , the tho s conc ded that a synergisitc effect all l a i i ra i an d limi a i of a aila l of e op th c nte ct ons t t on v b e nitrogen was a potenti al mechanism b i Avena a tua is r u in ra la mi y f a S. ul hr wh ch ed ced g ss nds do n ted by p c a .

un ak . A . Van an d . . derwier . 1 990. An an a J , S , J M not ted checklist of the vascular plants of San Ni la l — i r ia. a al . 1 2 1 145 in r i co s Is nd , C fo n P P oceed ngs of the Fifth Biennial Mugu Lagoon/ San Ni la la E l i al ar m ium . Na al Air a i i co s Is nd co og c Rese ch Sy pos v St t on , Po nt Mugu , al C ifornia.

rt S. ulchra as rar on San Ni la lan r it was Repo ed p e co s Is d , whe e found on the southeastern

end of the mesa.

u k a S . T. A r . . n il and . u . 1 995 . A ra of a a J , , ye s , R Scott , D W ken , D Yo ng ﬂo S nt Cruz Island . an a arb ara a i ar and ali r ia Na i la i a a S t B Bot n c G den C fo n t ve P nt Soc ety , S nt B arbara and

3 . a ram ali r ia. 97 S c ento , C fo n p

lchra as mm a a ru l r N . u an r it was u Repo ted p co on on S nt C z Is d, whe e fo nd at elevations b 3 and 455 m on a al lu a al a dr ra i r l ra etween co st b ffs , co st ﬂ ts , y v nes , ocky s opes , g ssy ill i and x ri in a al ru and l la mmu w ra an i i . as h s des , e posed dgetops the co st sc b g ss d p nt co n t es It al r r for all r al i r ia a l la San i u l a a a so epo ted Of the othe C fo n Ch nne Is nds M g e , S nt Ros , A a a a an a arb ara San Ni la a a a ali a and San l m i la Los n c p , S t B , co s , S nt C t n , C e ente s nds) , r a la and for ali r ia mai la Si rra N a a a a Co on dos Is nd , the C fo n n nd west of the e ev d to B j

— l ri im r li as ar u . California. F owe ng t es we e sted M ch J ne

i l 23 . l ra a a a ali a la ali r ia. l l . 1 d L . . Nu a 9 l au . F. an Mil sp gh , C , W tt F o of S nt C t n Is nd , C fo n F e d —4 a ural Hi r ubli a i No . 2 1 2 a i al ri 5: 1 1 3 . Museum of N t sto y , P c t on , Bot n c Se es ,

ulchra r m i ua i on a a a ali a lan . Reported S. p f o open s t t ons S nt C t n Is d

m ll lar m m a ual of u r ali rnia b a . lar 5 . A , u . A . 1 93 , M nz , P n so the n C fo ot ny C e ont Co eges C e ont

642 . California . p

l ra i r m ulchra as mm dr i m a l b l i , Reported S. p co on on y c s ont ne s opes e ow p ne be t ng ng f o The ax was al r r for a a a San central C al ifornia to B aj a Californ ia. t on so epo ted S nt Ros ,

a an a a alina and San l m i la . Nicol s , S t C t , C e ente s nds

ali rn i a r r l f u r al i r ia. i r i of , , 1 7 4 . A ra o Munz , P . A . 9 ﬂo so the n C fo n Un ve s ty C fo P ess Be ke ey

California. p .

tal a ru ulchra r m dr l l m in a arral and a Reported S. p f o y s opes be ow Ch p co s s ge sc b an was i as r r ali r ia a a ali r ia and plan t communities . R ge g ven no the n C fo n to B j C fo n the ri im r li as ar — Ma California Channel Islands . Flowe ng t es we e sted M ch y

of ali r ia r r l , A ali r ia ra. i r it , y 1 63 . . 9 Munz , P . A . , an d D . D . Keck C fo n ﬂo Un ve s y C fo n P ess Be ke e

Californi a. p .

7 5 l hra r m dr l b l l a i of m in a arral r . u c a al a Repo ted S p f o y s opes e ow e ev t ons Ch p , co st s ge

rub and ill la lan mmu i i . a was i as a a r m sc , footh wood nd p t co n t es R nge g ven the Co st R nges f o l u a a ali r ia i rran ill and ali r ia an l Humb o dt Co nty to B j C fo n , the S e footh s , the C fo n Ch ne

— l ri im r li as ar Ma . Islands . F owe ng t es we e sted M ch y

i of ti a ulchra ra lan : 1 3 . ra S of All . 9 d E . . 9 N l L . L . an e son , B en Resto t on p p g ss ds effects

i E l - Avena barba ta . ra mycorrhizae and competiti on from Resto t on co ogy 50.

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine whether vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae affected growth an d competition between the native n r ata Sti a perennial Stip a p ulchra and the introduced ann ual Ave a ba b . p showed decreased dr m a and i r a r ma i ula il Aven a i shoot y ss nc e sed oot ss when noc ted , wh e showed the Oppos te i r i r a ma and r a r ma . rr al Avena al r u esponse , nc e sed shoot ss dec e sed oot ss Myco h z so p od ced rr i a did all ia a i m i i fA en more seeds . Myco h z e not ev te the neg t ve effects of co pet t on o v a on The au r u am 3 S i of m rrhi al u i in an ual and r ial Stip a . tho s fo nd the s e pec es yco z f ng n pe enn w i ul ra lan but ir r la i m i io as i r . o um r m 2 g ss ds , the e t ve co pos t n d ffe ent When n c f o the ra la r in l u al i b an r r i hi 5 m g ss nd types we e tested the ﬁe d , the f ng spec es eg to eve t w t n onths a The au to the species composition found in grasslands of the host pl nt . thors concluded that ri i al u al S i m i i ma r ur r a i l ui l a ual the o g n f ng pec es co pos t on y et n el t ve y q ck y , once nn

ra la a r at i S. ulchra . T al lu a in ar a r g ss nds h ve been eveget ed w th p hey so conc ded th t , e s whe e mi a i c ula i i m rr i al u i al ul n t A . b a rbata o u for do n tes , no t on w th yco h z f ng one wo d s fﬁce hr u al ra i f l ulc a . The u or r of establishi ng S. p s p ct ces cont o weed competition would still need

- ulchra . to b e employed to re establish dominan ce of S. p

— San l m la i a. . A ra al H 1 963 . r i Ali a . 34 7 . R ven , P ﬂo of C e ente Is nd , C fo n so

ulchra r m ra lan at r r of San l m Reported S. p f o g ss d the no the n end C e ente Island an d " " The au u perhaps from Mosquito Cove . thor cited vo cher specimens from Northwest Harb r il an d r m i i i of ui a im o , W son Cove , f o the v c n ty Mosq to Cove ( spec en from Mosquito " Cove w as included b ut w as cited as determination doubtful

m an d . A . ri . a . H. H. . T 1 966 . l ra of a a i a u ai R ven , P , J ho pson , B P gge F o the S nt Mon c Mo nt ns ,

2 d . ial u li a i No . 2 u r al i r ia. n ali r ia a i C fo n ed Spec P b c t on , So the n C fo n B ot n sts . Uni versity of

ali r ia Los A l . 1 8 1 . C fo n , nge es p

ulchra as a i al r u u m a Reported S. p occ s on th o gho t ost of the S ant Monica Mountains (except a r m in ra la a al a ru an d u r oak the e ste n ost end) , open g ss nd , co st s ge sc b , so the n woodl and

plant communities .

f a a arb ara. a a ar ara mi . . 1 952 . A ra o a i ar a a ar ara S th , C F ﬂo S nt B S nt B b B ot n c G den , S nt B b ,

1 . Californ i a. 00p

ulchra as ab u a in man r l al hi Reported S. p nd nt y ocky ﬁe ds ong foot lls below elevations of 460m in a a ar ara ar a and all 4 N r r an l la San i u l the S nt B b e , on o the n Ch ne Is nds M g e ,

a a a a a ru and Ana a a i la . S nt Ros , S nt C z , c p s nds)

7 6 mi . . 1 97 6 . A , ra a a arb ara r i ali S th C F ﬂo of the S nt B eg on , C fornia. S anta B arbara Museum of Na ural Hi r a a arb ara al i , r ia. 3 3 1 t sto y S nt B , C fo n p .

r S. ulchra as mm Repo ted p co on in many places about stony foothill grassland along the as and i i l a m u ai , mi a r li in ul i a ar Al co t nto n nd o nt ns beco ng e ct c t v ted eas . so reported for the N r r a l la San i u l , a a a a a ru and A a a a i la o the n Ch nne Is nds M g e S nt Ros , S nt C z , n c p s nds) . " The au r al m i a la " tho so ent oned c ssic relict stand of this species on about 9 acres along Las Tu a a in ill r a Old " " n s Ro d footh s no the st of Mission S anta B arbara and stated that steps to i save th s area were initiated by [The] Nature Conservancy in January

bbi . L . and . L , . . 1 94 1 . An u ri i of Sti a r m al Ste ns G R M ove ndesc bed spec es p f o C ifornia. a r n — 4 M d o o 1 1 .

rib S. cem ua and lu i a i r ax and . ul r Desc ed e c d ted the d ffe ences between the new t on S p ch a . The authors al so provided a distribution map for the 2 species and discussed putative

bri b m . The u a i bri r u to be ril il hy ds etween the p t t ve hy ds we e fo nd ste e , wh e individuals of " " ar al i r r u i o in abu a the p ent spec es we e p od c ng go d seed nd nce nearby .

T — m . . 1 967 . A ra a a a al i a lan ali r ia. Ali ho e , R F ﬂo of S nt C t n Is d , C fo n so 7 7 .

l r r S. u ch a as r u dr r l and ri at l a i Repo ted p f eq ent on y , ocky s opes dges e ev t ons between 1 0

and 425 m an a a ali a la . i l al i i li r i Ri on S t C t n Is nd Spec ﬁc oc t es sted we e Renton M ne dge , ' Hamil alla r and T a ulru i Li l Harb r and r l ton , G ghe s , oyon c nyons , B sh R dge , tt e o , ocky s opes

k west of Empire Landing .

la of a l la u r ali r ia and 1 5 . as ular alla . D . 98 W ce , G V c p nts the Ch nne Is nds of so the n C fo n a a al Hi or u um ofLos A l u ua al u la a a ali rni . N ur G d pe Is nd , B j C fo t st y M se nge es Co nty ,

— 1 3 6 . Contrib utions in Science No .

lchra for San i u l an a a an a ru A a a a a a arbara San r S. u Repo ted p M g e , S t Ros , S t C z , n c p , S nt B ,

i l an a a ali a and San l m i lan . N co as , S t C t n , C e ente s ds

l i al and bi l i al r ur San Ni la 1 7 8 . ur ar a rvi Inc . 9 W ESTEC Se ces , S vey of ch eo og c o og c eso ces of co s

li r r r ar for a i i il T r. 5 1 . ma and Island . Unpub shed epo t p ep ed P c ﬁc M ss e est Cente p , ps

appendices .

ulchra for San Ni la la . Reported S. p co s Is nd

r a i al i r ia. Na i bu ra Sti a ulchra on Ha i , 1 967 . i . L . ) Wh te , K t ve nchg ss ( p p st ngs Rese v t on C fo n

t Ha i This study provided a quantitative description Of the native bunchgrass stan ds a st ngs

rm r a tl ra a had b r r m ra i for 27 ar at Reservation , a fo e c t e nch th t een p otected f o g z ng ye s the r u no i i a i r in ral l Sti a r time of the study . The autho fo nd s gn ﬁc nt d ffe ences ove p cove when he He did r a an a a ra . compared ungraz ed plots to grazed plots on dj cent nch ﬁnd , howeve , th t

m r u in ra ar a . Stip a clumps were smaller an d more nu e o s the g zed e s

7 7 i r i l ra a a al i r ia. a r t r a r al i 1 80. r ia. L . i i . 9 W gg ns , I F o of B j C fo n St nfo d Un ve s y P ess , St nfo d , C fo n

p .

ulchra r m Humb l u i rra N a a i ll and ali r i a Reported S. p f o o dt Co nty , the S e ev d footh s , the C fo n a l la dr l a al t ill in a a ali r ia r it ran Ch nne Is nds to y s opes of the co st foo h s B j C fo n , whe e ged l ri im — i la . r li a from Chaparral areas to yellow p ne wood nds F owe ng t es we e sted s March May .

7 8

otan a name : orobanche arishii . H ar subs r B ic l p (Jeps ) eck d p. b achyloba Heckard

Co mmo n name : Short-lobed broomrape

Family : Orobanchaceae

Li s ti ng s tatus Federal: C 1 State : C 1 CNPS : 1 B (Skinner and Pavlik 1 994)

De s c ri pti o n

Thi ara i i r i al rb has ll m a are im l or - ra 8— 1 5 20 c s p s t c pe enn he ye ow ste s th t s p e few b nched, (to ) m al l i 24 and - — ( . The i r is sub i a m ra l and 3 1 2 cm l t F gs nﬂo escence sp c te , ode te y dense , ong . l r are il or l r i i l to 2 cm l al x l b are 6— 1 0mm l F owe s sess e the owe w th ped ce s ong; c y o es ong , — ur li ; r lla are 1 5 22 mm l ir u ar or m im ur i ri all p p sh co o s ong , d ected pw d so et es c v ng ho zont y , ar l la ular b u or ll i ur l - i li d sp se y g nd , ff ye ow sh , p p e t nged on ps an inner surfaces; corolla lips are

4- 6 mm l i u r l b 2— 3 cm l br a l at r u i a i all ong , w th the ppe o es ong , o d y ov e , o nded to po nted p c y , r or li l r a i l r l b are r li l r a i a to lan - l e ect s ght y sp e d ng; the owe o es e ect to s ght y sp e d ng , ov te ce ob ong ,

— r u a i all to i . l ri im are A ril u O r o nded p c y po nted F owe ng t es p J ne ( ctobe ) .

Taxo no mic His to ry and Dis ting uis hing Characte ris tics r h i v ii w m . o obanc e cal orn ica ar . a rish as a L . in 1 925 r m ma rial f p n ed by W Jepson , f o type te

ll in San Bem ardino u ai . robanche ari hii rach l a wa co ected the Mo nt ns 0 p s sub sp . b y ob s described b Lar H ar in 1 97 3 r m la ll San Ni l la r a . A r i H ar y y eck d , f o p nts co ected on co s Is nd cco d ng to eck d,

ari hii can be i i ui r m r i in . cali m t 0. p s d st ng shed f o othe spec es the 0 fo ica complex by its spica e i r its r r lla l an cm l i r u lu a i r lla nﬂo escence , sho t co o ( ess th ong) w th o nded to b nt p ces on the co o

- l b and b a to la a ral ra i m r a 5 i u u aral l l i . The o es , y ov te nce ov te ﬂo b cts w th o e th n consp c o s p e ve ns r h a i rall mall r 2 subspecies of 0roban che p a ris hii are very similar but sub sp . b ac ylob s gene y s e m h loba has r r r lla cm l . c aris hii sub s . brac than subsp . p ; p y sho te co o s ong vs

l r r al x l b u ual l l an 1 0mm l . 10mm or l r la r u a r ong) , sho te c y o es ( s y ess th ong vs onge ) , g b o s nthe s

l lab r u and i i ma l b a u uall r ur u ar l . v . or a i a l ( s hairy occ s on y g o s) , th ck st g o es th t s y ec ve o tw d y (vs ved thin stigma lobes whi ch are generally spreading b ut not recru ) .

Dis tri b utio n

r n che m ri i ab u 1 40 i ur in m ra r i of N r The genus 0 oba , co p s ng o t spec es , occ s the te pe te po t ons o th 1 7 axa are u in ali rnia i lu i 1 i Am ri a Eur and A ia. At l a e c , ope , s e st t fo nd C fo , nc d ng spec es rishii i axa are u ali r ia la . orobanche a introduced from Europe . F ve t fo nd on the C fo n Is nds p

ra h loba is u ar mai lan a at l a i l a 305 m San sub sp . b c y fo nd ne the n d co st e ev t ons ess th n between

al ur San i u l a a a an a ru , Luis Obispo County and B aj a California. It so occ s on M g e , S nt Ros , S t C z

San Ni la and a a a ali a i la . co s , S nt C t n s nds

8 1 Hab itat

ur ar u rim r San Ni la la at l a i b Thi s broomrape occ s o nd the pe ete of co s Is nd, e ev t ons etween 6 and

27 5 m m l b 30and 1 50m . is u on a ari of l x ur ri , ost y etween It fo nd v ety s ope e pos es , open dgetops , b ra a ris hii su . h r ulli and a b m . oroban che b s c loba is al u in e oded g es , c nyon otto s p p y so fo nd m mm a ia is Is ocoma men ies ii i n a al a . Its is s andy sites o co st ﬂ ts ost co on ssoc te z , wh ch cur in a al u r umabl la i ara i i rb . inl a u and p es y the host p nt of th s p s t c he It oc s co st d ne , nd d ne ,

ma rub mmu i i r mm a ia i lu Abronia zamb ellata Achillea Isoco sc co n t es , whe e co on ssoc tes nc de , mille lium Ambl o a us us illus Ambros ia chamiss on is As tra alus traskiae Atri lex fo , y p pp p , , g , p

’ ca li om ica Bromus mad ritens is sub s . rubens Camis s om a che iranthi olia Coreo s is i an tea f , p , f , p g g , maritima D aucus us illus Ho rde um b rach an the rum u r tantha ma ritima var. s b s . C yp , p , y p

calz rn icum Le idium las iocar um var. las ioca r um Lomatium ins ulare Lo tus a r o h llus fo , p p p , , g p y v ho us Lu inus albi rons Malacothrix ol ce ha la Melilotus indic us ar . orn it p , p f , p y p , , di rum P a ra holi incurva Mes embr an themum cr s tallinum M. no o s Sonchus olerace us and y y , ﬂ , p , ,

Sp e rg ularia macrotheca .

Status r an 40 al ula i ra i in i r m a i i i ual to m r an 1 00 Mo e th he thy pop t ons , ng ng s ze f o few nd v d s o e th i la r u in a ari abi a uri ur Fi . The r um la p nts , we e fo nd v ety of h t ts d ng th s s vey ( g p es ed host p nt,

Is ocoma men ies ii is i r a on San Ni la lan . The lar i lan o ula i of i z , w desp e d co s Is d gest s d p p t ons th s broomrape apparently occur on San Nicolas .

ula i on r i la are mall r and m r i l a . 0roban che a ri h u Pop t ons othe s nds s e o e w de y sp ced p s ii s b sp . i u l an a a and an bra ch loba is a r San a ru i lan . has b ll y sc tte ed on M g e , S t Ros , S t C z s ds It een co ected a ali a la at a li l an a r r as 0. ca om ica in T m on y once on S t C t n Is nd , Ben Weston Be ch ( epo ted f ho e Ben Weston Beach has been severely disturbed since that collection was made in 1 965 d la a n in r ar ar H e an ot b o fs r . com . p nts h ve een seen ecent ye s (M k , pe s

Manage me nt S ugg es ti o ns i hii and i lan I ma The abi a of 0. ar s ts o soco men ies ii ul e Di urb an h t t p h st p t z sho d b protected . st ce ul be mi imi r ama r i T i sho d n zed to p event d ge to the oot connect ons between parasite and host . h s species should be resurveyed at least every 5 years to determine trends in population sizes an d l a oc tions .

An notate d Bib liog raphy

Beaucharn . 6 . A ra San i u . 1 8 i 9 ali r a. a r i r r p , R M ﬂo of D ego Co nty , C fo n Sweetw te R ve P ess , 24 N a i al i ali i . r a 1 . t on C ty , C fo n p

r as rar in San Di u r ax has b u on a Repo ted e ego Co nty , whe e the t on een fo nd s ndy coastal b a at l a i b l 10m at ll i l a i : T rr i a r e ches e ev t ons e ow the fo ow ng oc t ons o ey P nes St te Rese ve , i L ma i r r — d l r an . l i im r li as Ma an S m r. Atri lex Po nt o , S ve St d F owe ng t es we e sted y epte be p cali rn i a an m n fo c d Isoco a ve eta were listed as known hosts .

r a O r a i on ra and l of San Ni m . E . 1 967 . l l a an U S . N a al Fo e n , R bse v t ons the ﬂo eco ogy co s Is d . v

- - - a i l i al La ra r San ran i ali r i a. r USN RDL TR 67 8 . R d o og c Defense bo to y , F c sco , C fo n Repo t

7 9 p .

82 T i ax r r r as an u rib i r la , 0. ca liforn ica was r r d h s t on epo ted he e ndesc ed spec es e ted to , epo te r m a l a al a Hi a at an l a i f o oc tion ong J ckson ghw y e ev t on of 2 1 5 m and from sandy slopes near a a u Har r San Ni la la the oce n e st of D tch bo on co s Is nd .

- H ar L . . 1 97 3 . A ax mi re i r r ati the 0roban che ca li orn ica m l x eck d , R t ono c nte p et on of f co p e . — Madrofio 7 0.

T ri i for i ax hi was rib r m ma rial ll ype desc pt on th s t on , w ch desc ed f o te co ected on San Nicolas l r r it r m a il la . The au r a ar a San i u l a a a Is nd tho so epo ted f o s ndy so s ne be ches on M g e , S nt Ros 7 a a ru an d a a a ali a i la as ll as r m al i r ia mai la in San Lui S nt C z , S nt C t n s nds , we f o the C fo n n nd s H ar Obispo and San Diego counties and from B aj a California. eck d cited only an historic a a ali r ia ma at El ari in H ll i r m 1 889 . e i u in ai l co ect on f o B j C fo n , de Ros o d sc ssed det the

’ a li rm an tax onomic relationships of the 0. c fo ca complex d morphological differences e a a la r m San Ni la la in ral between the taxa. H st ted th t p nts f o co s Is nd gene possess the la aris hii . la r m r r i most distinctive features in comparison to sub sp . p P nts f o the no the n s nds " n along the S anta B arbara Channel are fairly Similar but have more pointed corolla lobes . O

r a l ll i r m a a a ali a la a r a sub S . arishii in the othe h nd , the on y co ect on f o S nt C t n Is nd pp o ched p p

alm ost all of the features used to distinguish the 2 subspecies .

— l: Hi ma i r. The a ua 804 808 in . . 3 . Or a a a . . H ar L . . 1 99 eck d , R ob nch ce e P J C ck n , ed to Jepson M n

i ali r ia r r l ali r ia. a. i r Higher Plants of Californi Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey , C fo n

a at l a i l 300m rub u as Reported as rare in sandy soil near the oce n e ev t ons be ow , on sh s s ch r r m tral ali rnia to a a CalifOrni a and r m Is ocoma menzies ii . Repo ted f o cen C fo B j f o the

Cal iforni a Channel Islands .

An a a li of a ular la San 1 0. Vanderwier. 99 d . . A . an Junak , S . , J M nnot ted check st the v sc p nts of — 45 in r i i t i ni al u u La / la ali r ia. . 1 2 1 1 Nicolas Is nd , C fo n P P oceed ngs of the F f h B en M g goon l Air a i i u u um. Na a San Nicolas Island Ecological Research Symposi v St t on , Po nt M g ,

a Cal iforni .

a al a Reported as scattered to locally common on southeastern an d northeastern co st ﬂ ts on

r it was u uall a ia i Ha lop app us venetus . San Nicolas Island , whe e s y ssoc ted w th p

a A ra a a ru la . a 1 5 . il and . u 99 S t . Junak S . T . Ayers R . Scot , D W ken , D Yo ng ﬂo of S nt C z Is nd nt , , , la i a a ar ara and B arb ara Botanic Garden and California Native P nt Soc ety , S nt B b

al i r ia. 3 97 . S acram ento , C fo n p

an r it was n r m r i Reported as scarce on S anta Cruz Isl d , whe e k own f o the no th s de of the ut i ar r and was a r in a al ar a island near the east end of China H bo , sc tte ed co st e s on the so h s de a Habi a was li as a al , between West Point and the west end of Pozo Beach . t t sted co st ﬂ ts au r al li t i and lai . The - l x ri , p d loose south facing s opes , e posed dgetops ﬂood ns tho s so ste h s i ri u i on S a San Ni la and a a a ali a i la . Mi u l a a , , d tax on for San g e , nt Ros co s S nt C t n s n s D st b t on a Lui O i u and r r a the C aliforni a mainl and was listed as between San s b spo Co nty no the n B j — and la was li as C fo n Floweri ng times were given as June October host p nt sted ali r ia.

Isocoma .

83 4 ra of ou r ali r ia. i r i ali r ia r r l 1 7 . A u . A . 9 M nz , P ﬂo s the n C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey ,

C al ifornia. p .

il ar b a at San Di and the ali rnia ann l Reported from sandy so ne e ches ego on C fo Ch e Islands . a A — Host plant was listed as Hap lop app us and ﬂowering time s pril August .

4 1 . I n of ar and E a li i r . 99 or r a W an . . a ular i r . . d Sk nne , M , B M P v k , ed to s nve t y R e nd nge ed V sc

5 i i . ali a ial ubli a i No . 1 r ia N i lan i lan ali rnia. P ts of C fo Spec P c t on , th ed t on C fo n t ve P t Soc ety ,

a ram ali r ia. 3 3 8 . S c ento , C fo n p

rt for San i u l an a a a a ru San Ni ola an d an a a ali a i lan Repo ed M g e , S t Ros , S nt C z , c s , S t C t n s ds , i and San Di u i and r m a a al if r as well as from San Luis Ob spo ego co nt es f o B j C ornia. Repo ted l ru and a al u a a i a was a al blu rub a a b in i . l ri h b t t co st ff sc , co st sc , co st d nes s ndy s tes F owe ng

- times were listed as May August .

A ra of a a arb ara r i ali r ia. an a arb ara u 7 6 . mi . . 1 9 M um of S th , C F ﬂo the S nt B eg on , C fo n S t B se

N a ural Hi r a a arb ara al i r ia. 3 3 1 . t sto y , S nt B , C fo n p

H r for San i u l an a a and an a ru i lan . lan r li as Repo ted M g e , S t Ros , S t C z s ds ost p ts we e sted l a u l ri im r — Atri lex Erio on um and Ha o s . i as A ril Au u . p , g , p p pp F owe ng t es we e g ven p g st

ali a l a — A ra of a a a an al i r i . Ali . 67 . 7 7 T m . . 1 9 ho e , R F ﬂo S nt C t n Is d , C fo n so

li rn i a for a a a ali a la r as 0. ca o c r it was ll nl in Repo ted ( f ) S nt C t n Is nd , whe e co ected o y once ( u 1 965 at a on a low a ﬂ at b i u a ta to r o of J ne ) Ben Weston Be ch s ndy eh nd d nes , t ched o ts

raceus . Hap lop app us ven etus sub sp . furfu

5 . ular la f an alla . . 1 98 a o l lan of u r ali rn i a W ce , G D V sc p nts the Ch ne Is ds so the n C fo and

ua alu la a a ali r ia xi . Na ural Hi r u um of Los A l G d pe Is nd , B j C fo n , Me co t sto y M se nge es

— i . u ribu i in No 1 3 6 . Co nty , Cont t ons Sc ence

r for San i u l an a a a a ru San Ni la and a a a ali a i lan . Repo ted M g e , S t Ros , S nt C z , co s , S nt C t n s ds

WE . ur f a STEC r i Inc 1 97 8 . o ar l i al and i l i al r Se v ces , S vey ch eo og c b o og c esources of San Nicolas li r r ar f r la . ub r o a i i il T r. 5 1 . ma an d Is nd Unp shed epo t p ep ed P c ﬁc M ss e est Cente p , ps a di ppen ces .

Reported as occasional on beach terraces al ong the eastern an d southern portions of San " Al r r r m ma of a Nicolas Island . so epo ted f o ny the Ch nnel Islan ds an d apparently one a in an i u r it i mainl and are S D ego Co nty whe e s now extinct .

84 - i ur 24 . r o oban che aris hii subs . brach loba i abi a of Li r r a F g e p p y , show ng h t t, west ve fo eve C nyon , r i San Ni la la ali r i a ak 1 0 u no th s de of co s Is nd , C fo n (photo t en J ne

h loba i r ar a ai l a , r hii sub s . brac , Figure 25 0roban che p a is p y , show ng ﬂowe s ne C tt C nyon Ni la lan ali r ia a 1 2 u southwest side of S an co s Is d, C fo n (photo t ken J ne

is u in Coreo s is rub mmu i on r ar m openings between shrub s . It fo nd the p sc co n ty the no th esc p ent u 6 1 m and on m a at l a i 1 22 an d 1 52 m r at elevations of abo t the es e ev t ons between , whe e

la i lu Avena barba ta Baccha ris ilula ris Bromus diand rus B. mad ritens is associated p nts nc de , p , , m i ima as tille a de s i r l s te ia mac ros te ia sub s . a l s s C n o a Cla ton ia sub s . rubens Ca p , y g g p p , j ﬂ , y e r oliata Co reo s is i antea Crass ula connata D a ucus us illus D ichelos temma ca itatum p f , p g g , , p , p , m mos chatum G alium a arin e Isocoma men ies ii La ma rckia a urea Erodium c ic uta riu , E . , p , z , , v it u Malacothrix ol ce ha h n ia a li orn ica Lotus a r o h llus ar . orn ho s la Medica o Las t e c f , g p y p , p y p , g

ol mor ha Son chus olerace us S er ularia ma crotheca Tri olium microce halum T. p y p , , p g , f p ,

willd n vii Vul ia m uros and V. octo ora . e o , p y , ﬂ

Status Trifolium microdon is extremely rare on the California Channel Islands ; it has been seen only 4 a a a al i a i la . O l x r m l mall u sporadically on San Nicolas and S nt C t n s nds n y e t e e y s pop lations of T.

r u on San Ni la la in 1 992 Fi . r i u l ax had not b mic rodon we e fo nd co s Is nd ( g P ev o s y , the t on een seen on the island for over 90years (since it w as ﬁrst collected there in On S anta Catalina

la Tri olium microd on a ar l has b i arl 1 9005 ill au an d Is nd , f pp ent y not een seen s nce the e y (M sp gh Nu all 1 23 T m T i S i is al rar on u r ali rnia mai la an d tt 9 , ho e h s pec es so e the so the n C fo n nd ,

limi a due a i a l . For x T micr d n wa ula i a a ar l b am l . o o s pop t ons h ve pp ent y een e n ted to h b t t oss e p e , last seen in Montecito (just east of S anta B arbara) in 1 87 8 and in the Mesa area of S anta B arb ara

in 1 87 5 .

Manage me nt S ugge s ti o ns micr d n an a l We recommend that all 4 known populations of T. o o on S Nicol s Is and be protected ial a i a ar mm a i i be r m di urb a as ll as b b . al r f o st nce , we potent h t ts ne y We so eco end th t th s spec es r u a ar for x 5 ar to rmi an ual aria i in ula i i es rveyed e ch ye the ne t ye s dete ne n v t on pop t on s zes .

Annotate d Bib li og rap hy 44 a Ab ram L . 1 . Hlu trated r a i a 9 s . lum H. l a a s , ﬂo of the P c ﬁc St tes Vo e Po ygon ce e to

m ria a . an r i r i r ra an r alif r ia. 635 . K e ce e St fo d Un ve s ty P ess , St fo d , C o n p

il u microd on var. os m as mm rm of i r Reported T. p the co on fo the spec es f om Bri tish " lumbia to r r ali r ia an d urri ari l al a to San Co no thweste n C fo n , occ ng sp ng y ong the co st " Nicolas Island .

Brande e T. . 1 8 0. l ra of ali l e 9 r ian an . Zoe g , S F o the C fo n Is ds

mi r r T. n Repo ted c od o from S anta Cruz Island .

Du l 1 50. la l of a l lan ali r i . . 9 a. Alla Han a i nk e , M B P nt eco ogy the Ch nne Is ds of C fo n n cock P c ﬁc — Expediti ons 3 86 .

mi m an a ru a a ar ara S r T. crod on r b an Ni la and a a a ali a Repo ted f o S t C z , S nt B , co s , S nt C t n i la as ll as r m ri i lumbia to tral ali rnia and r m s nds , we f o B t sh Co cen C fo f o Chile .

88 Ea A . 1 898 . u , i in rbari um and l H. N stwood St d es the he the ﬁe d otes on the plants of San Nicolas la . r i of ali r ia A a m i ri 3 — Is nd P oceed ngs the C fo n c de y of Sc ences , Se es , Botany 1 20 14 0.

ri T. microd on v ar. ilosum r m la ll Desc bed p f o p nts co ected by Blanche Tras k on San Nicolas

la . The au r al r rt T. microdon r m Is nd tho so epo ed f o S anta Cruz and S anta Catal ina islands .

E a A . 1 94 1 . The i lan of u stwood , s ds so thern California and a list of the recorded lants p H. Lea r an — ﬂets of Weste n Bot y 7 8 .

r T. microd on for a a ru and San Ni l i Repo ted S nt C z co as slands .

m or an . 1 967 . Ob r a , i ra and l San Ni la l F e R se v t ons on the ﬂo eco ogy of co s Is and . US . Naval a i l i al Lab ra r San ra i - - - , , ali r ia. r USNRDL R d o og c Defense o to y F nc sco C fo n Repo t TR 67 8 .

7 9 p .

r Tri olium micr p f odon var . ilos um for a a ru and San Ni l Re o ted p S nt C z co as islands . On San Ni la la , ax was r r as rar l r m ll i co s Is nd the t on epo ted e , known on y f o co ect ons made in Apri l " 1 897 b lan Tra in 2 l ali i m i Sl y B che sk oc t es on o st opes .

r E . L . 1 887 . u i in b an of ali r ia and ar a a G eene , St d es the ot y C fo n p ts dj cent . VI . Notes on the b an — of a a ru la . ull i of ali rnia A a m i ot y S nt C z Is nd B et n the C fo c de y of Sc ences 4 1 8 .

r T. microdon r m an a ru Repo ted f o S t C z Island .

H ma . 1 93 2 . N on ra a l la off an a ar ara al i off nn , R otes the ﬂo of the Ch nne Is nds S t B b , C fornia. H. ull i of u r ali r ia A a m S i — B et n the So the n C fo n c de y of c ences 1 20.

r T. microd on var . ilos um for a a ru lan r au r ll t an Repo ted p S nt C z Is d , whe e the tho co ected i on ra ll ri in i r at i la i ar open g ve y dge the p ne fo est the west end of the s nd n M ch 1 93 2 .

4 — 4 i Tri l . . 5 in . . Hi man i . The a ual : Hi r Isel D . 1 993 . o ium 6 6 6 y , f P J C ck , ed t on Jepson M n ghe

i r i ali r i a r r l . lan of ali r ia. P ts C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo n P ess , Be ke ey

microdon r m ri i olumbia u r ali r ia ali r ia an l Reported T. f o B t sh C to so the n C fo n , the C fo n Ch ne a l all mm in m i or dr i i la an d u Am ri a. rt s Is nds , So th e c Repo ed oc y co on open , o st y s tes , wh ch

El a i ra was i as 50 m . The au r have generally been di sturbed . ev t on nge g ven tho

ilos um in i . submerged var . p the spec es

li r ia l i r San lum H. a f ali r i a. 1 3 6 . A ra o , . L . 9 Jepson , W ﬂo C fo n Vo e C fo n Schoo Book Depos to y

6 84 . ra i ali r ia. F nc sco , C fo n p

m r m San Ni la la . microd on var . ilosu Reported T. p f o co s Is nd

li of a ular lan of San 0. An ann a Vanderwier. 1 99 p Junak , S . A . , and J . M . ot ted check st the v sc ts — 45 in r i i i n i al u u La / Ni la la ali rni a. . 1 2 1 1 co s Is nd , C fo P P oceed ngs of the F fth B e n M g goon

Na al Air a i i u u , ium . San Nicolas Island Ecological Research Sympos v St t on , Po nt M g

89 California.

m as rar San Ni la la . The au r a a microdon var . ilos u Reported T. p e on co s Is nd tho s st ted th t the w la Tra in 1 last known collection on the island as made by B nche sk 897 .

1 5 . A ra d . u 99 a a ru il an lan . a a T. A r . . u ak S . J n , , ye s , R Scott , D W ken , D Yo ng ﬂo of S nt C z Is d S nt an d ali rnia Nati la i an a arb ara and B arb ara Botanic Garden C fo ve P nt Soc ety , S t B

a ram ali r ia. 3 97 . S c ento , C fo n p

m d v microdon and T. icro on ar . ilos um r m The authors speciﬁcally excluded T. p f o the a an a ru la as r u abl l a u r im known ﬂor of S t C z Is nd , they we e n e to oc te vo che spec ens

documenting previous reports from the island .

N r Am ri an i of ri i llu ra to o T ol um . 1 1 0. An i McDermott L . . 9 , F st ted key the th e c spec es f

u ni am ur i and l San ra i ali r i a. 3 25 . C n ngh , C t ss , We ch , F nc sco , C fo n p

m r m ri i lumbia and r m an o S Ni la la . microdon var . ilos u Reported T. p f o B t sh C f o co s Is nd

2 ra a a ali a l ll . 1 3 . l a an ali r i a. i l . Nu a 9 ill au . F. an d L . M sp gh , C , W tt F o of S nt C t n Is d , C fo n F e d i — li a i No . 2 1 2 an al ri 5 : 1 4 1 u um ofNa ural Hi r ub 3 . M se t sto y , P c t on , Bot c Se es ,

r Tri olium microdon r m an a a ali a a iti l 2 im ll Repo ted f f o S t C t n Isl nd , c ng on y spec ens co ected

did not r i var. il um a i a b la Tra in 1 903 an d 1 907 . The au r os y B nche sk tho s ecogn ze p , st t ng th t " r a ar ral ra in al i rnia b ut ara r l too r l the e ppe to be seve ces C fo , the seed ch cte s ho d st ong y to

allow vari etal segregati on .

m ll ar manual of u r ali r ia b an . lar l m u . A . 1 93 5 . A M nz , P so the n C fo n ot y C e ont Co eges , C e ont,

California.

mi r d n rar in u r a ut u on a a r T. c o o as al i r i b an ru San Ni l Repo ted e so the n C fo n , fo nd S t C z , co s , w a and S anta Catal ina islands . Range on the mainlan d as given as central California to B aj v l m u m r i it in al i r i a and hil . The au r did not r o i ar . i os u C fo n , C e tho ec gn ze p , s b e g ng the

Species .

1 7 4 . A a u r al ia. un . A . 9 r i r ni r i of al i r ia r r l M z , P ﬂo of so the n C fo n U ve s ty C fo n P ess , Be ke ey ,

al i a. C forni p .

micr d n var . il um r ri r T. o l Repo ted o o p s f om S anta Cruz and San Nicolas islands . F owe ng m ar — a ti es were listed as M ch M y .

. i f ali r i a r l u P . A . and D D . 1 963 . A ali r ia ra . i r t o r M nz , , Keck C fo n ﬂo Un ve s y C fo n P ess , Be ke ey ,

Cal ifornia. p .

micr d n var . il um an a rin r T. i l Repo ted o o p os from S anta Cruz and S N col s islands . F owe g im r l ar — a t es we e isted as M ch M y .

l r i ur 27 . Tn o ium mic rodon on a rn ar m San Ni la lan ali rnia F g e f , no the ste esc p ent , co s Is d , C fo (photo taken 1 April

W at on B otanical name : Trifolium p a lmeri S . s

Commo n name : Southern island clover

Family : Fab aceae

Li s ting s tatus Federal: N ot listed State : Not listed CNPS: List 4 (Ski nner an d Pavlik 1 994)

De s c ripti o n m 1 — dm l Tri lium alme ri is a la r u b ran annual it r 3 Fi . The fo p g b o s , ched w h e ect ste s ong ( g

— i ul are la la 1 5 20mm l i l a ou i . The l a are arr l st p es nceo te , ong , w th ong , set ce s t ps e ﬂets n ow y

- — lli i la li ar 1 3 cm l a u and rrula i a u . The r a e pt c to nce ne , ong , c te se te , w th set ceo s teeth ﬂowe he ds are 1 0— 1 5 mm broad; the calyx is 5— 6 mm long ; the rose - purple corolla is 6 — 7 mm long ; the pods

- — im is ar Ma . are 2 seeded . Flowering t e M ch y

Taxo no mic Hi s tory and Di s ti ng uis hing Characte ri s tics Tri olium a lmeri was rib b r a in 1 87 6 rom lan ll b E ar f p desc ed y Se eno W tson , f p ts co ected y dw d In a 1 1 0r i i f N rt Am ri a a alm r ua al u la . 9 o ax McDerm ott r a P e on G d pe Is nd ev s on the o h e c n t , t e ted

a a ari racilentum . Zohar and H ll r 1 984 ll McDerm tt this taxon s v ety of T. g y e e ( ) fo owed o s

i al . l r au r r ﬂoras . Isel 1 3 a r a m . r r 99 ran 1 6 t e t ent Mo e ecent y howeve , tho s of eg on (e g , y ; Mo 99 ) h ve are r u i not been consistent in their tre atment of this taxon . We he e s ng the name Trifolium

almeri b a on n i i f r in m r l and l hi a b b r p , sed co s stent d f e ences o pho ogy eco ogy w ch h ve een O se ved d r an a ilen tum . r in the ﬁeld b etween this insular endemic the widespread T. g c T ifolium p almeri

- rac ilentum in a i a - — differs from the closely related T. g h v ng l nce linear stipules 1 5 20mm long

v a - a i ul 8— 1 0mm l and arr l lli i la - li ar l v s . l b a ( nce ov te st p es ong) n ow y e pt c to nce ne eaﬂets ( s . o ov te to obcordate) .

Dis tri b uti o n The genus Trifolium comprises about 3 20taxa and occurs widely in temperate to sub tropical m ri a r i r i r u u rl . N r A i r i are a eg ons th o gho t the wo d In o th e c , cente s of spec es d ve s ty the west co st and the Rocky Mountains (Zohary and Heller Nine species of Trifolium are endemi c to lm r is r ri i T. a e i ali rn ia la Tri lium m r i Californi a and 1 spec es ( p ) est cted to the C fo Is nds . fo p al e i s u l A a a a a a arb ara San Ni la an a a ali a San l m and fo nd on y on n c p , S nt B , co s , S t C t n , C e ente ,

Guadal upe islands .

Hab itat

On San Ni la la i Tri olium is u rimari l r - a i Sl and ra a co s Is nd , th s f fo nd p y on no th f c ng opes g ssy fl ts is m abu an a al a in r a r r i i la il . i lan w th c y so s It ost nd t on co st fl ts the no the ste n po t on of the s d , it ur in ra i ru at elevatons b 1 5 an d 4 r 5 m . mal l whe e occ s g ssy open ngs between sh bs etween S , l ur on m a on ras a at l a i a ula i a o b m . isol ted pop t ons so cc the es , g sy fl ts e ev t ons etween 1 50and 1 80 Tri olium a lmeri ur in Coreo s is and Isocoma rub mmu i i r a ia la f p occ s p sc co n t es , whe e ssoc ted p nts i l lium Ambl o a us us illus Atri lex s emiba a t i lu Achillea m l e o cc a Avena ba rb a ta A. nc de f , y p pp p , p , ,

a a an an Ni l Trifolium p alme ri was reported for S anta C tal in d S co as islan ds . Al la l the a l lan of al i r ia. lan Han a . 1 50. i u l . 9 D nk e , M B P nt eco ogy of Ch nne Is ds C fo n cock P c ﬁc

— Expeditions 3 86 .

lmeri wa r r as an i ular mi r ri Trifolium g racilentum var . p a s epo ted ns ende c est cted to S anta Ni las an a a ali a San l m an d ua al u i la ru a a arb ara San . C z , S nt B , co , S t C t n , C e ente , G d pe s nds

H. N n i in rb arium and l . o lan San Ni l E a A . 1 898 . u a stwood , St d es the he the ﬁe d otes the p ts of co s li r ia A a m i ri 3 a — 2 4 i a 1 0 1 0. la . r Is nd P oceed ng of the C fo n c de y of Sc ences , Se es , Bot ny ,

Tri lium alme ri was r r for San Ni la lan r it was u in nl 1 l ali fo p epo ted co s Is d , whe e fo nd o y oc ty

( a moist slope) .

a L r ali r ia and a a i la 1 2 . u i in r . r i E a w A . 9 9 o st ood , St d es the ﬂo of owe C fo n dj cent s nds P ceed ngs of

— ali r ia A a m of i ri 4 484 . the C fo n c de y Sc ences , Se es ,

Tri olium a lme ri was r or for ua alu lan r it was abu an in mi l f p ep ted G d pe Is d , whe e nd t the dd e " al of the island an d around a spring when Edward P mer visited .

lan u r ali r ia and a li f r a 4 . e i 1 1 Th o r lan H. E A . 9 stwood , s ds of so the n C fo n st the eco ded p ts — Le aﬂets of Western Botan y 7 8 .

Tri li m a lme ri was r r for San Ni la an a a ali a an d o u San l m i la . f p epo ted co s , S t C t n , C e ente s nds

i ra and l an Ni . . 7 . r a l r man E 1 96 Ob S la lan . U S . Na a Fo e , R se v t ons on the ﬂo eco ogy of co s Is d v

- - - i l i al Lab ra San ra i al i r ia. a r r USNRDL TR 67 8 . R d o og c Defense o to y , F nc sco , C fo n Repo t

7 9 p .

Tri olium alme ri was i al l x lu r m i li for San Ni la lan as f p spec ﬁc y e c ded f o th s check st co s Is d , au r did a u r im to ub ta ia arli r the tho not ﬁnd vo che spec en s s nt te e e reports for the island .

l u — ran . . n ra ua a 4 : i 1 893 N o la . Zoe 1 30 1 F cesch , F otes the ﬂo of G d pe Is nd 39 .

almeri r m ua alu la Reported T. p f o G d pe Is nd .

i in b an ali ia E . L . 1 885 . u r and a r a 4 . a arts . A al u of G eene , St d es the ot y of C fo n p dj cent c t og e the a u ﬂowering plan ts and ferns of Gu dal upe Island . B lletin of the Cali fornia Academy of — Sciences 228 .

lmeri r m ua alu la r it w as ll r T. a in an ar Repo ted p f o G d pe Is nd , whe e co ected the c yon ne the " " a it was mu m r a lan i . The au r r r u a m a le t . d ng tho epo ted th t ch o e b nd nt than T. p c ens

4 — 6 6 6 54 in . . Hi man ium . i 1 . Tri ol . r. The Isel D . 993 an ual : Hi r y , f P J C ck , ed to Jepson M ghe i r i ali rni a r lan of al i r ia. r l . P ts C fo n Un ve s ty of C fo P ess , Be ke ey

alme ri was r r u Trifolium g racilentuin var. p epo ted as ncommon in grassy areas near the an was i ocean at elevations below 1 5 m . R ge g ven as the Cal iforni a Channel Islan ds and

B aj a C alifornia.

96 k una S . A . d , an . . and w , er ier. 1 99 J J M 0. An annotated li . V check st of the vascular plants of San N la la al — r a. . 1 2 ico s Is nd , C ifo ni P 1 145 in r i of i P oceed ngs the F fth Biennial Mugu Lagoon/ San Ni la la E co s Is nd cological Research m iu m. Na al Air a i Sy pos v St t on Point Mugu al i r C fo nia.

Trifolium p a lm ri was r r epo ted to be endemic to the 4 Southern Channel Isl ds S nt an i . e ( e . a a arba a San N la a , , a a ali a and San l m B r ico s S nt C t n , C e ente islands) and Guadal u e Island p . On San N la la it w , as r r as rar in ico s Is nd epo ted e , coastal dunes east of Corral H bo ar r.

unak S . . ilbri an d , , . r . 1 9 3 9 . J R Ph ck , C D ost A revised ﬂora of S anta B arbara Isl nd P — a . . 54 1 1 2 in

. a l i r. a a arbara l , an . O a i al a r N M D i y ed to S nt B Is d cc s on P pe o . 6 . Santa Cruz Island u a i a a arbara al i Fo nd t on , S nt B , C fornia.

Tri olium almeri was r r as mi f p epo ted ende c to the four Southern Channel Islands S anta Barbara S , an Ni la an a a ali a and San l co s , S t C t n , C emente islands and Guadalu e Island ) p . On a ta arb ara la au r r r a S n B Is nd , the tho s epo ted th t it occurs in scattered locations in the eastern r i i lan p , ra l and in i o t on of the s d on open g ssy s opes open ngs between shrubs .

L , . . 1 886 . The ra our ut r ar i — yon W S ﬂo of so hweste n ch elago H. Botanical Gazette p 336 .

Tri olium a lmeri was r r for San l m l f p epo ted C e ente Is and .

McDerrn t . o t L . 1 . , 1 9 0 An illu ra to N r Am ri an i Tri olium F st ted key the o th e c spec es of f . un i am ur i and l San ran i ali rni a C n ngh , C t ss , We ch , F c sco , C fo .

r T. racilen tum var. almeri r m San l m r a Repo ted g p f o C e ente , Co on dos , and Guadal upe

islands .

Mil a l u . and L . . Nu 1 23 . l all . 9 ra a a a al i a l a ali r ia. i l sp gh , C F W tt F o of S nt C t n Is nd , C fo n F e d u um Na ural r 2 2 — Hi u li a i N . 1 al 4 o a i ri 1 3 . M se of t sto y , P b c t on , Bot n c Se es

m m an a a ali a la i ll i ma ra a r T. al eri r i a Repo ted p f o S t C t n Is nd , c t ng co ect on de on g ssy c nyon " " " The au r a a i ax was m r mm San slopes by Blanche Tras k . tho s st ted th t th s t on o e co on on — l ri im r i as A ril Ma . Nicolas and Guadal upe islan ds . F owe ng t es we e g ven p y

m The ra ua al u la xi . m ir of ali r ia A a ra . 1 96 . Mo n , R 9 ﬂo of G d pe Is nd , Me co Me o s the C fo n c de y of

1 . 1 0 . Sciences No . 9 9 p

a San ax as mi a a arbara San Ni la a a a ali , Reported this t on ende c to S nt B , co s , S nt C t n its i ri u i ua alu la l m and ua alu i la . ardi , C e ente , G d pe s nds Reg ng d st b t on on G d pe Is nd the f author stated : In the northeast part of the island it grows mainly in the mouths o the

a b ut r m A ra and El i a u ar it is m r i pr a and c nyons , f o West ncho ge P c cho so thw d o e w des e d " lmeri a i : Zohar and H ll r 1 984) a i ax as T. a ( common . The author tre ted th s t on p , st t ng y e e

racilentum and it is l l r la , followed McDerrn ott in treating this as a variety of T. g ; c ose y e ted r a 1 963 z3 28 i r a San l m differin g chieﬂy in leaf shape . Howeve , R ven ( ) cons de ed th t on C e ente

97 l i all . A Island the 2 were completely distinct both ecologic ally and morpho og c y nd they al u la in ut E ar a a in 1 958 r i likewise appe ar distinct on Guad pe [Is nd] , So h sp s C nyon g ow ng side by side

ar m ll lar m A ma ual u r ali r i a b ta . l , , 3 5 . Munz , P . A . 1 9 n of so the n C fo n o ny C e ont Co eges C e ont

42 . C al ifornia. 6 p

alme ri was r rt r m San l m t la and r m Tr ifolium g racilen tum v ar . p epo ed f o C e en e Is nd f o the " " islan ds of Lower California.

i r it ali r ia Pr r l . l m t a al i r i a ra. , 68 . u A . 1 9 u . M nz , P S pp e en to C fo n ﬂo Un ve s y of C fo n ess Be ke ey

224 p .

= a lm e ri . Reported a chr omosome number of 2n 1 6 for T. p

i r it of ali rni a r r l . 4 ra of u r ali r i a . 7 . A A . 1 9 , Munz , P . ﬂo so the n C fo n Un ve s y C fo P ess Be ke ey

p .

alme ri r m ra la a ta a ali a San l m and uad alu Reported T. p f o g ssy p ces on S n C t n , C e ente , G pe

islan ds .

i al mi a r r l . li r i a ra. r it C ifo . A a . 1 963 d . D . u . A . an D M nz , P , Keck C fo n ﬂo Un ve s y of P ess , Be ke ey

p .

lmeri r m ras la on a ta a ali a San m t and ua alu e r T. a Repo ted p f o g sy p ces S n C t n , Cle en e , G d p

— l ri im r li as ar h Ma . islands . F owe ng t es we e sted M c y

’ la f an ta arb ara lan ali rnia Madrorro 1 7 2 . The o hilb ri R. N . 9 P ck , p nts S B Is d , C fo

- part 3 93 .

lme ri mi to a ta ar r San i a r T. a as a a N la a ta ali a San Repo ted p ende c S n B b , co s , S n C t n , On l m t and ua alu i la . a ta ar ara la the au r ate a t i ax C e en e , G d pe s nds S n B b Is nd , tho st d th t h s t on " " is currently scattered in the eas tern portion of the islan d .

f San l m la — H. 1 6 3 . A ra o ali r ia. Ali 4 a . 9 3 7 . R ven , P ﬂo C e ente Is nd , C fo n so

lmeri as mi San Ni l a r T. a as ta a ali a San l m t and Repo ted p ende c to co , S n C t n , C e en e , l m t la ua al u i lan s . On San au r r rt a the i is mm G d pe s d C e en e Is nd , the tho epo ed th t spec es co on t r la i l low l a i in ra lan a in a il . g ss d e t ve y e ev t ons , often s ndy so

tic ali — H. 1 7 . The ﬂoris s r ia . l 96 an . . a i i r. 57 6 7 in . lbri R ven , P of the C fo n Is ds P R Ph ck , ed to r i m ium on i l ali r i a l an a ar ara P oceed ngs of the Sy pos the B o ogy of the C fo n Is ands . S t B b

a i ar a a arb ara ali r i a. B ot n c G den , S nt B , C fo n

ll i the ut r ali r ia H. u A a r 4 l ra San l m la . m T a . 1 90 . sk , B F o of C e ente Is nd B et n of So he n C fo n c de y of

— Sciences 95 .

l m lan r it w as mm and r ar r the sea han Reported for San C e ente Is d , whe e co on g ew ne e t

rid en ta tum. ra ilen tum or T. t T. g c

Li la ll Dr. E ar alm r in L r d . N . . 1 890. a G . an V sey , , J Rose st of p nts co ected by dw d P e owe i al H r arium — 2 Nat . ri u i U S . 8 C al iforni a in 1 889 . Cont b t ons of the on e b

w t it almeri r m ua alu la . as u o u mm u Reported T. p f o G d pe Is nd It fo nd be q e co on on the so th " " end in wet sand in canyons and very common in large masses in c anyons and plains at the " " The au r urt r ta ha the lan is i l i ri u d r i an rth . l no end tho s f he s ted t t p t w de y d st b te ove the s d ,

and forms the main food supply for the goats .

l la ut al 5 . ular lan a r i r i a and alla . D . 1 98 a W ce , G V sc p ts of the Ch nne Is nds of so he n C fo n Natural Hi t r u um s A l ua al u la a a ali r ia. Lo u G d pe Is nd , B j C fo n s o y M se of nge es Co nty ,

— Contri butions in Science N O . 1 3 6 .

r for a a arb ara San Ni la a a atali a San l m t and ua alu Repo ted S nt B , co s , S nt C n , C e en e , G d pe

islands .

a . i al ri u i . 1 87 6 . a b r i of the Am ri a W tson , S B ot n c cont t ons P oceed ngs e c n Ac ademy of Arts and i — 4 Sc ences 1 8 .

Tri o lium a lme ri was rib r r m la t ll c t d b Ed f p desc ed he e , f o p n s co e e y ward Palmer on " ua al The au G d upe Island . thor reported that thi s new species w as rather ad undant in the " mi l i la am r an d dd e of the s nd ong ocks trees on hillsides .

i i . L . 1 980. l ra a a ali r i a . a f r ni r it r W gg ns , I F o of B j C fo n St n o d U ve s y P ess , Stanford , C aliforn ia.

p .

r r m ras ill i lu and m as on a Repo ted f o g sy h s des , b ffs , es the B aj Californi a peni ns ula and ua alu lan al r r for an a a ali a and San l m G d pe Is d; so epo ted S t C t n C e ente islands .

1 00 a San Ni la lan ali r ia i ur 2 ri lium alme ri rt a r as al , , ( 9 . T F g e fo p , on no he ste n co t ﬂ ts co s Is d C fo n photo taken 24 March

1 01

Thre ate ne d

A a i i or ub i ir mammal am i ia r il or la ha al n t ve spec es s spec es of b d , , ﬁsh , ph b n , ept e , p nt t t , though r l hr a i x i i is li l b m a r in r abl not p esent y t e tened w th e t nct on , ke y to eco e end nge ed the fo esee e future in the absence of special protection and m an agement efforts .

Candidate Sp ecies A a i i or ub i of bir mammal am i ia r il or lan ha n t ve spec es s spec es d , , ﬁsh , ph b n , ept e , p t t t the C alifornia Fish and Game Commi ssion has form ally noticed as being under review by the Californi a Department of Fish and Game for addi tion to either the list of end an gered or the list of threatened species .

Californ i a Native Plant S o ci e ty [GNPS] (Smith and Berg 1 988)

Lis t 1A

Taxa that are presumed to be extin ct in Californi a

Lis t 1 8

Taxa a are rar r at or a r in and ut i ali a rni . th t e , th e ened , end nge ed o s de C fo

Lis t2

Taxa a are rar thr at or da r in ali r i a b ut not ut i ali rn ia. th t e , e ened , en nge ed C fo n , o s de C fo

Lis t 3

Tax a for i r are i u ﬁ i ata ma a t rmi a i f tatu wh ch the e ns f c ent d to ke de e n t on o s s .

Lis t4

Taxa i limi i ri b uti b ut rar t r at or an w th ted d st ons , not e , h e ened , end gered .

1 04 ’ As the ati ri i al r ati a the D artm t teri or US . I n on s p nc p conse v on gency , ep en of the n has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural and ltural u r ur . T i i lu teri wi use our lan and ater res urc c eso ces h s nc des fos ng se of d w o es , rot cti il li and lant r er i the ir m tal and ultural al u p e ng ﬁsh, w d fe p s , p es v ng env on en c v es of ati al ar and i t ri la and ro i i for m t li t rou n on p ks h s o c p ces, p v d ng enjoy en of fe h gh e t d r ur t at outd oor recreati on . Th Departmen assesses our energy and mineral resources an wo ks to ens e h th The D artm t al o has a ma or re o i ilit their development is in e best intere sts of all our people . ep en s j sp ns b y for A merican Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island terri tories under US . admi nistration .