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(Liliaceae) In Acta Bot. Neerl. November 467-480. 32(5/6), 1983,p. Hybridization between Scilla non- scripta and S. hispanica (Liliaceae) in The Netherlands J.H. Ietswaart S.J.M. de Smet and J.P.M. Lubbers Vakgroep Biosystematiek, Biologisch Laboratorium,Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087,1081 HV Amsterdam SUMMARY Six Scilla non-scripta/S. hispanica populationsin The Netherlands have been investigated with re- gard to their morphology, reproduction,chromosomes and ecology. All six belong tothe larger Dutch populations and are situated in the western part of The Nether- lands, in man-made woods (Alno-Padion vegetations) on former beach planes or beach walls. One population consists of S. non-scripta, another mainly of S. hispanica specimens. The other four are morphologically intermediate between the two taxa and hybrid swarms. Characters ofthe hy- brids range from S. hispanica to S. non-scripta, but in general habit they are often more like the latter taxon. Reproductionin the populationsis mainly by means of seeds. The chromosome number 16 found in all populations is 2n = (x =8), while only some minor differences in shape and size of the chromosomes have been noted between S. non-scripta and S. hispanica. Finally it will be concluded that the two taxa are conspecific, and they will be given a new status. Basionym, type and synonyms ofthe two taxa will be given. 1. INTRODUCTION Scilla non-scripta (Linnaeus) Hoffmannsegg et Link and S. hispanica Miller form, together with S. italica Linnaeus, a somewhat distinct group within the genus Scilla Linnaeus, characterized by coalescent bulbscales (as against free), and less coherent two (as against none or one) bract(s) more or (as against free) perianth segments. On this basis the Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1980) places these species in the genus Hyacinthoides Medikus. This is not followed by us because the differences regarding the morphological variation within Scilla as awhole are relatively unimportant (see also Heukels & Van der Meijden 1983). In addition to the taxa mentioned S. vincentina Hoffmannsegg et Link and S. reverchoniiDegen et Hervier also belong to the group, and they are both related be varieties of S. italica to or may even (Heywood 1980). reverchonii found in southern of the S. vincentina and S. are locally the part Iberian peninsula, while S. italica grows on both sides of the Franco-Italian border (Heywood 1980). S. hispanica as well as S. non-scripta are atlantic ele- ments in the European flora. The native distribution of S. hispanica is confined to the Iberianpeninsula and the opposing part ofNorth-Africa, whilst it is natur- alized in and France, England, Ireland, Italy Yugoslavia. S. non-scripta occurs 468 J. H. lETSWAART, S. J. M. DE SMET AND J. P, M. LUBBERS Table 1. Characters ofS. hispanica and,S. non-scripta from the literature. S. hispanica S. non-scripta Bulbs 2-4(-7) cm in diameter,purple-blue l-3(-5) cm in diameter, greyish out- outside (sometimes greenish) side (sometimes greenish) Leaves 4-8 20-50 20-50 per bulb, cm long, 3-6(-9) per bulb, cm long, 10-35(-40) mm wide 6-15(-25) mm wide Erect somewhat 50 Curved towards the 50 Scapes or curved, up to apex, up to cm long cm long Flowers 4- all around with per scape, arranged 4-16(-20) per scape, unilateral, the shape or slightly unilateral, with 3-10 mm long pedicels (in fruiting 5- 30 mm long pedicels (in fruiting stage up to mm); cylindrical-cam- to stage up 40 mm); campanulate, panulate,violet-blue (pink orwhite), blue (pinkor white), not scented scented Perianth segments Apex more or less bent outwards, c. Apex recurved. 2-4 mm wide, 15-20 12mm long mm long Stamens All equal, inserted at the middle of Unequal, the outer 3 inserted at the the perianth segments; anthers blue middle ofthe perianth segments, the inner 3 in the lower quarter; anthers cream-coloured Chromosome number 2n = 16 (24) 2n= 16(24) as native in the north-westernpart of the Iberian peninsula, where it is sympatric with S. hispanica. and it is further found in France, England, Ireland, Belgium and locally in The Netherlands and West-Germany. Moreoverit is naturalized in Italy and Romania (Dupont 1962; Heywood 1980; Meusel 1965; Roisin 1969; Schumacher-Waldbrol 1939). In table 1 the characters of S. and S. hispanica non-scripta are given as they are found in various publications, referring to natural populations as well as cultivated specimens (Blackman & Rutter 1954; Bonnier & Douin 1929; Boom & Ruys 1950; Claphamet al. 1962; Coutinho 1939; Fiori 1923; Garcke et al. 1972; Hegi 1939; heukels &Van der Meijden 1983; Heywood 1980; Van Ooststroom & Reichgelt 1964; Willkomm& Lange 1870). The aim of the present study is to investigate the morphology, chromosome number and shape, and the reproduction of S. hispanica and S. non-scripta in The Netherlands. The general taxonomic position of S. non-scripta and S. hispanica willbe also considered. 2. METHODS IN GENERAL These investigations were carried out in 1981. From twenty five Scilla popula- tions visited, six have been chosen for comprehensive study (approximate numbers of specimens are given between brackets): Sorghvliet, Den Haag 5 6 5 6 3 (10 -10 ); Zuidwijk, Wassenaar (10 -10 ); Duivenvoorde, Voorschoten(c. 10 ); 3 3 4 Vogelenzangse Bos, Vogelenzang (c. 10 ); Duinvliet, Overveen (10 -10 ); and 5 6 Wildrijk, Sint Maartenszee(10 -10 ). Within The Netherlands context all these six populations can be classified as large. The populations are all situated in SCILLA NON-SCRIPTA AND S. HISPANICA 469 and 0 fruits + 0 7) 3) 9) 6) 4) 4) + of 9-15) 3- 9-17) 1- (1-2) 3- 5-18) 8-14) 2- (2-3) 3- 3- 0 + Vogelenzang ( ( 1/2(3/10-6/10) 1/5(1/10-3/10) 13(11-17) I 17(10-24) 16(11-18) 20(13-26) 20(13-29) 1.5 2.5 3( 5( 2( 5( 4( 4( 12( 10( 0 100 characters 11 11 ± 0 For + 7) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 20 + 3- 9-17) (1-3) 8-27) 4-21) 6-13) given. 2- 4- 3- (1.5-4) 2- 3- 0 ( + 18(15-24) ( 16(11-21) 1/2(2/10-6/10) ( 1/4(1/10-3/10) ( 21(16-25) 5( 37(27^18) 40(28-59) 1.5 4( Wildrijk I 7 9( 4( 3 13( 10( 2 4 0 is 16 80 + value 0 + 6) 1) 6) 2 + 3-10) 7-23) 2- (1-3) 3-18) 5-42) 7-15) 2- (2^1.5) (3-6) (3-5) 0- maximum (29-58) 8 1(1-3) + ( ( 1/2)3/10-6/10) 1/4(2/10-4/10) Sorghvliet 25(13-31) 24(13-31) 31(19-42) 1.5 2.5 3.5 4,5 6( 19(10-37) 18(14-23) 4( 9( 4( 0( 15 45 16 11( 90 + and 2 5) + 8) 5) 6) 4) 6) minimum 0 5-3. + 3- 7-20) 2- (1-3) 3-14) 6-20) 6-14) 9-21) 3- 2- 4- (20-44) 0 ( 1/2(2/10-6/10) 1/4(1/10-4/10) ( + 22(16-26) 19(15-27) 37(25-50) 1.5 16(11-22) 2(1. Duinvliet 3( 3( 5( 1 6( 4( 13( 11( 10( 5 0 mean, 39 16 98 + a 0 + 9) 8) 5) character 7 + 3- 7-20) 2-12) 2-23) 4-32) 8-18) 3- (2-4) (2-5) 3- 0 21(12-33) 1(1-3) ( 1/2(3/10-6/10) 1/5(2/10-3/10) + 19(14-26) 18(10-25) 1 18(15-23) 2.5 3.5 27(13-38) 1 38(20-54) Zuidwijk 6( 4( 9( 4( 4( 13( 12( 0 + every 1 93 nearly 9) 7) 7) 4) 6) For 7-16) 8-30) 6-14) 80+10+0 (18-25). 3- 3- 4- 2- (3-5.5) 3- 1(1-2) ( 1(1-2) 1(0-1) + + _ Duivenvoorde 24(20-26) 28(20-39) 17(11-24) 40(26-51) ( 25(13-37) 18(15-21) 1/2(3/10-6/10) 1/6(2/10-3/10) ( 5( 5( 3( 5 10( 4 5 populations. 23 16 20( 10 + 45° blue) is flowers is 2 mm blue. Scilla mm part base) base) 1 also in mm in mm (outer six vertical, in cream, in mm (from (from equal) the flower tubiform perianth mm mm mm is is means flower in at at respectively of of m m (0 of . in (1 stem segments inner plant perianth .. plant lowest of white) per lowest segment inserted inserted mm cm inclined length of length length length length colour 4. mm cm mm mm of and (% per per unilateral) . position of in in in in in in pink, Characters table perianth etc.; less number length of colour scent of 2. see length width number length number length width apex length width or , blue, Measure recurving segments Filament Filament. Table seeds Bulb Bulb Leaf Leaf Leaf Stem Stem Stem Stem inclined more Flower Bract Pedicel perianth Width f stamina f stamina Anther Flower lightFlower 470 J. H. lETSWAART, S. J. M. DE SMET AND J. P. M. LUBBERS the coastal area of Zuid- and Noord-Holland, in parks and on estates on former beach beach walls All in humous planes or (Doing 1962/63). populations grow sand, five in woods and the population at Duivenvoorde in a grass vegetation surrounded by woods. The lattershould be considered to belong to the Arrhen- atherion elatioris and the other vegetations all to the Alno-Padion (according to Westhoff& Den Held 1975).
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