146 Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Suppl., pp. 146-155 (2013) DOI: 10.6119/JMST-013-1219-13 A NEW GENUS OF Hemigobius GENERIC GROUP GOBY BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES Shih-Pin Huang1, Jaafar Zeehan2, and I-Shiung Chen1 Key words: new genus, new species, brackish water, mangrove. papillar petterns. Among the taxonomic studies of Hemigobius generic group, thought Larson consider that genus Weber- ogobius Koumans, 1953 [15] is synonym of genus Mugilogo- ABSTRACT bius Smitt, 1900 [28], however, Miller consider genus We- Wuhanlinigobius, a new genus of Hemigobius generic berogobius is valid [20], in this study, we also consider that group would been established and assigned from Mugilogo- genus Weberogobius is a valid genus, genus Weberogobius bius polylepis Wu and Ni, 1985. Mugilogobius polylepis has can be easy distinguished from genus Mugilogobius by they been regarded as belong to genus Eugnathogobius based on have different vertebral count (11+15-16 vs. 10+16) as well as lacking head pores and representing longitudinal sensory pa- other their own features. pillae in previous taxonomic study. However, we compared On the other hand, among the genus Eugnathogobius Smith, the osteological features of Mugilogobius polylepis Wu and 1931, the genus Eugnathogobius was established based on Ni, 1985 and Eugnathogobius microps Smith, 1931 as well as Eugnathogobius microps Smith, 1931. According to mentions the molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mtDNA of Larson, genus Eugnathogobius consists of 9 nominal spe- ND5, Cyt-b genes and D-loop region. The molecular phy- cies [18], including E. illotus (Larson, 1999), E. indicus logenetic tree including 9 related Hemigobius generic group (Larson, 2009), E. kabilia (Herre, 1940), E. microps Smith, reveal that this new genus represents an independent clade 1931, E. mindora (Herre, 1945), E. polylepis (Wu and Ni, which is well separate from other related Hemigobius ge- 1985), E. siamensis (Fowler, 1934), E. stictos (Larson, 2009) neric group. The papillae pattern, osteological features and and E. variegatus (Peters, 1868) [6, 8, 9, 16, 18, 24, 27, 32]. molecular evidence strongly conclude that Eugnathogobius However, we consider the E. siamensis should belong to genus polylepis should be a new genus of Hemigobius generic group, Pseudogobiopsis Koumans, 1935 [33], and E. mindora, E. on the other hand, an additional new species of Wuhanlinigo- illotus and E. variegatus should belong genus Calamiana bius also will be described herein, and the diagnostic key of Herre, 1945 [17] based on their different morphological fea- this new genus will be provided in this paper. tures in head pores presented and medium size of mouth in adult male individual. Mugilogobius polylepis Wu and Ni, 1985 was reported been I. INTRODUCTION a new species which is collected from southern China and has Among the subfamily Gobionellinae of family Gobiidae, been considred that it should place to genus Eugnathogobius Hemigobius generic group defined herein consists of genera Smith, 1931 [18]. Brachygobius, Caecogobius, Calamiana, Eugnathogobius, Hemi- Eugnathogobius occurs in brackish water habitat of man- gobius, Mugilogobius, Pandaka, Pseudogobiopsis, Pseudogo- grove and estuary around the Indo-west Pacific, including bius, Redigobius, Stigmatogobius, Tamanka and Weberogobius, southern China, Southeast Asia and Australia [18], the E. which are related genera sharing the typical longitudinal polylepis was distributed over in China and partial area of Southeast Asia [18, 33], furthermore, this species possess quite different exterior morphological features compare to type Paper submitted 10/31/13; revised 12/10/13; accepted 12/19/13. Author for species, E. microps. Therefore, the further detailed compari- correspondence: I-Shiung Chen (e-mail: [email protected]). 1 son between the rather different species should be conducted Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, to check the validity of their own generic status. Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Sin- In this study, authors examine the E. polylepis specimens gapore. which are collected from Taiwan and southern China, and S.-P. Huang et al.: A New Genus of Hemigobius Generic Group Goby from Taiwan and China 147 compare to the E. microps and other related Hemigobius ge- reaction volume contained 33.5 µL of sterile distilled water, 5 neric group based on exterior morphological features, oste- µL of 10X PCR buffer (Takara), 4 µL of dNTP (2.5 mM each), ological features and molecular evidence, the specific features 3 µL of Mgcl2 (2.5 mM each), 1 µL of each primer, 0.5 µL of and molecular phylogenetic result reveals the E. polylepis 0.5 unit Ex Taq (Takara) and 2 µL of template. The thermal should be a distinct new genus, the detail morphological com- cycler profile was as follows: denaturation at 94°C for 60 parison and molecular phylogeny of this new genus and other seconds, annealing at 52-58°C for 60 seconds and extension at related Hemigobius generic group will be provided herein. 72°C for 120 seconds. A negative control without template was carried out for each run of PCR. The PCR products were II. MATERIALS AND METHODS run on a 1.0% L 03 agarose gel (Takara) and stained with ethidium bromide for band characterization under ultraviolet 1. Sample Collection trans-illumination. All the examined Hemigobius generic group species speci- Double-stranded PCR products were purified using a kit mens collected from Taiwan, Palau, Malay Peninsula and (Roche, High Pure Product Purification kit), before undergo- China were collected by hand-net. Specimens tissues used for ing direct cycle sequencing with dye-labeled terminators (ABI molecular analysis were preserved in 95% ethanol; specimens Big-Dye kit). The sequencing primers used were same as PCR used for morphological studies were fixed in 10% formalin using primers. All sequencing reactions were performed ac- before being transferred into 70% ethanol for long-term pres- cording to the manufacturer’s instructions. Labeled fragments ervation. were analyzed using as ABI PRISM Model 377-64 DNA Automated sequencer (ABI). 2. Morphological Studies Nucleotide sequence alignment was verified manually after Morphometric methods follow Miller [21]; meristic methods running through BIOEDIT version 5.9 [7]. The analysis of follow Chen and Shao, Chen and Kottelat, Chen and Miller aligned mutation sites were conducted using Molecular Evo- and Huang and Chen [3-5, 10]; osteological methods follow lutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) version 5.05 [18] for Murdy and Birdsong et al. [1, 22]. Terminology of cephalic aligned mutation sites analysis. sensory canals and free neuromast organs (sensory papillae) is The parsimony (MP) analysis was carried out using PAUP* from Wongrat and Miller [31], based on Sanzo [26]. All ex- version 4.0B10 [29] using heuristic search. Branch support amined materials are deposited at the Institute of Marine Bi- was established via bootstrap analysis (2000 replications). ology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan For the Bayesian (BI) analysis, the best-fitting model for se- (NTOU). quence evolution was determined for mtDNA D-loop and Meristic abbreviations are as follows: A, anal fin; C, caudal ND5 sequences using MrMODELTEST version 2.2 [23]. The fin; D1 and D2, first and second dorsal fins, respectively; BI analyses were performed using MrBayes 3.0 [25]. The LR, longitudinal scale series; P, pectoral fin; PreD, predorsal posterior probabilities of each node were computed from re- scales; SDP, scale series from origin of first dorsal fin to upper maining 75% of all sampled trees. pectoral origin; TR, transverse scale series from second dorsal to anal fin; VC, vertebral count. All fish lengths are standard III. RESULTS length (SL). Molecular phylogenetic analysis 3. Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis The aligned Cytb, D-loop and ND5 sequence consists of 56 The phylogenetic relationships are employed the mtDNA haplotypes and from all 9 related genera of Hemigobius ge- sequence of full length of Cytochrom b (Cyt b), D-loop and neric group as 21 species with 47 individuals, we choose Rhi- partial mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) nogobius changtinensis Huang and Chen, 2007 [10] as out- in this study. All DNA extractions of the samples were using a group. The length of combined sequence of Cytb, ND5 and kit (Roche, High Pure Product Preparation kit). Cyt b region D-loop sequence is 2994-3137 in total (1141 bp in Cytb, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 818-961 bp in D-loop, and 1035 bp in ND5). This alignment following two primers: (GGluF: 5’-TAACCAGGACTARTG contain 2508 total number of mutations, and 1501 number of RCTTG-3’; GproR: 5’-GTTARAATCTCYYTTCTTTGA -3’); polymorphic (segregating) sites. The phylogenetic analysis D-loop region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using neighbour-joining (NJ), parsimony (MP) anlysis and (PCR) using following two primers: (GTHR: 5’-TCAGCGCC Bayesian analysis (BI) method provided. The phylogenetic AGAGCGCCGKTCTTGTAA-3’; PGL5: 5’-CTAGGGYCTA tree was reconstructed by NJ analysis based on Kimura 2- TCCTAACATCTTCA-3’); ND5 region were amplified by parameter model. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed by BI PCR using following two primers: (PgleuD1: 5’-AAAGGAT analysis based on HKY 85+G model. AACAGCTCATCCGTTGGTCT-3’; ND5MR: 5’-CCTATTT The result of MP analysis by heuristic search only one TKCGGATGTCYTG-3’). tree, and tree length 6589; the Consistency index (CI) being PCR was done in a MODEL 2700 or 9700 thermal cycler 0.4117, Retention index (RI) being 0.7449 and Homoplasy (Perkin-Elmer) and 30-40 cycles were carried out. The 50 µL index (HI) being 0.5883. 148 Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Suppl. (2013) The phylogenetic trees reconstructed by NJ, MP and BI posterior portion of dentary tall and tip squared. The angu- methods shows that same grouping result. The phylogenetic loarticular with two tips and upper tip longer than lower one.