Species Accounts ECOLOGY of RED-TAILED HAWK in CALIFORNIA by Carie Battistone July 5, 2012
Appendix F – Species Accounts ECOLOGY OF RED-TAILED HAWK IN CALIFORNIA By Carie Battistone July 5, 2012 The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a robust, broad-winged hawk that resembles most other hawk species in shape and form. There are 12 subspecies of red-tailed hawks. As is typical for most raptors, red-tailed hawks exhibit distinctive color variations, making differentiation of subspecies difficult. Of the two most extreme are the Harlan's hawk (B. j. harlani) and the Krider’s hawk. The Krider’s does not have its own distinct range and therefore has not been given it own subspecies designation. This hawk is a white variation differentiated by a mostly white tail, white face, pale underwings (Preston and Beane 2009). The Harlan’s hawk was formerly considered a separate species, but is now considered a dark variation of the red-tailed hawk, with black above and below, some white speckling intermixed throughout, and white-gray tail feather mottled or streaked with black and tinged rufous or light brown (Collins and Bloom 2000, Preston and Beane 2009). Other subspecies share key distinguishing features to some extent, such as the rusty tail feathers of the adults, a dark bar on the underwing between the shoulder and wrist (patagial bar), and a banding pattern across the abdomen (belly band) (Palmer 1988, Preston and Beane 2009). Light variations of red-tailed hawk adults exhibit lighter coloration and a dark head, red tail and patagial bar, with little to no markings on the chin, breast, throat, and thighs, with the exception of dark streaks on the belly and flanks (Bent 1937, Palmer 1988).
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