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Subject Index

Accessory tourmalines 256 Baroque dolomite 137 Aegean microplate 217 Basalt-olivine veins 61 216 Basement-basin configuration 55 Aegean volcanic arc 217 Base metal mobilization 13 Agrokipia sulfide deposit, Cyprus 182f Basin analysis 3 Akarsen copper deposit, 230ff Basin and range sty Ie 49 Albite-rich sequences 265 Basin-type 29 Albitization 182,213 Basinal brines 41 Alkali dolerites 153, 157, 160ff Baskiiy copper deposit, Turkey 230f Alpine Pb-Zn deposits 121, 122, 123, 130, Bentonite 224 131 Black shale 29 Alteration hydrothermal 204 environment 105 low-grade 185 Black shales 95,102, 149ff, 153ff minerals 186,210 Bleiberg-Kreuth 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, propylitic 186,204 127,128,129 temperature 207,209,213 Bognari copper deposit, Turkey 232ff zones 182, 185,201 Breccia pipes 256 Alteration diagram, Pyrite Belt volanics 248 Breccias 78,79,83-89 Alteration processes 14 Brewster Cross 154 Alterites 247 Brines 122, 127, 128, 129, 130 Amphibolite 257 Broken Hill Group 266 Anayatak copper deposit, Turkey 232ff Andesite 53 Cakmakkaya copper deposit, Turkey 232ff Anglesite 221 Calabrian transgression 226 Anhydrite 62 Calcite 62, 123, 126 Anitra 275 cement 135 Anitra Broken Hill 262 Caledonian 52 Ankerite 62, 110 Ca/Mg ratio 126 Anomaly 63 Carbonate-sulfide reactions 120 Anthraxolite 31 Carbon dioxide 45 Aquifers 47 Cathodolouminescence 134 Argillic alteration, Murgul, Turkey 233 Cathodoluminescence zonation 137,142 Arsenides 42 Celsian 111 Atomic ratio (Mg+Fe+Mn):Ca 143 Cementation 117 Authigenic quartz 137 Central European Copper Belt 50 Chalocite 35 Background 63 Chalcopyrite 192 Back-Stripping 6 chemistry 198 Bacterial reduction 119 Channels 70 Ba- 114 Channelways 49 Banded iron formation 262 Chemistry of tourmaline 273 Banded pyritic ore 153f, 165 Chlorine 46 Banded sphalerite 132, 137 Chlorite composition 186 Barite 62, 105, 110, 137, 139,220,245 Chlorophyll 65 286 Subject Index

Coalification 67 Erzprovinz Ruhrgebiet 62 Cobalt 42 Ettlewood Calc-Silicate Member 268 Colloform pyrite 139 Evaporites 81, 82, 83, 88, 256 Colloform sulfides 116 Exhalites 247,265,266,268 Colorbanding 142 Exploration targets 103 Complex ores, chemistry, Pyrite Belt 247 Exentional Tectonism 8 Connate water 127 Consolidation 117 Famennian 102 Continental rifting 149, 163f Fe-dolomite 11 0 Convection cell 54 Fe-hydroxites 32 Convolute bedding 151 Feeder systems 145 Copper mineralization Murgul, Turkey Fluid inclusions 209 229ff seawater mixing 182,212 Courceyan 132 Fluid inclusion studies 15 Cretaceous copper mineralization, Murgul Fore-Sudetic Monocline 12-24 230 Formation water 71, 121, 128, 129, 130 Cross bedding 151, 267 Frasnian 102 Cyprus 182f Galena 35, 111, 220 Data normalization 201 Gangue minerals 15 Daughter minerals 16 Gas chromatography 67 Decrepitation methods 16 Geochemical barrier 23 Devonian 104 Geochemical patterns 16lf Dewatering 117 Geochemistry of tourmalinite 271 Diagnesis of the host rock 135 Geodynamical development 72 Diagenetic 28,64 Geogenetic setting 56 Diagenetic sequence 144 Geologic setting 27 Diaprrs 75,80,81,82,83,87,88,91,92 Geothermal anomalies 20 Diastereomers 67 Geothermal fields 87,88,89,90 Differential subsidence 134 Geothermal gradient 30 Dilatant fracture-breccia system 114 Gerowie Tuff 259 Disaggregation 116 Gold, Murgul copper deposit, Turkey 234f Dispersion haloes, As, Sb, n, Ba 247ff Golden Dyke Dome 258, 273 Disseminated mineralization, Murgul, Turkey Graded bedding 151,267 234 Granoblastic tourmaline 269 Disseminated sulfides 153, 156 Granite 256 Dissolution 119 Granulite facies metamorphism 257 Dodium 38 Graphie 151, 154, 166 Doleritic sill 149f, 152ff, 164f Grauwackenzone, Graywacke Zone, GZ Dolomite 62, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129 149ff, 153, 163f, 166 Dolomitization 104, 118 Gravity-induced deposits 109 Dome Rock 265 216 Drilling 94 Greenschist facies 182, 185, 186,204 metamorphism 257 Eastern Alps 122, 149 Groundwater 71 Eastern Creek Volcanics 261,274 Gypsum 35 Eifel 94 Endogenetic input 30 Heatflow 67,164 Ensialic island arc 51 Hellenic trench 218 Eperrogenesis 5 Hematite 32 Epidote composition 198 High grade mineralization 31 Epigenetic 28 Hinge Line 10 mineralization 103 Homogenization temperatures 16 sulfides 145 Howards Pass, Yukon, Canada 7 veinlets 15 Hydrogenic heat flow 20 Epimetamorphic processes 20 Hydrothermal activity 9,210,219 Subject Index 287

Hydrothermal alteration 149, 152, 163, Lower Pale Beds (type "a" and type "b") 245,247 135 Murgul copper deposit, Turkey 23lf Lower Paleozoic 96 Hydrothermal events, Pyrite Belt 244 Lower Rhine Basin 60 Hydrothermal fluids 182,184,212 Lower Silesia 71 Hydrothermal sediments 245 Lubin 71 Hydrothermal transport 13 Machinawite 155 Iberian massive sulfide deposits 250 Macrotextures 111 Idiotopic dolomite 13 7 Mafic volcanism 45 Impregnation 220 Magma type 150, 157 Inde syncline 95, 102 Magnetic anomaly 99 Inorganic reduction 224 Main tectonic lines 55 Intertidal sediments 109 Manganese-iron formation, Pyrite Belt 242 Intracontinental rifting 52 Manganese-jasper mineralization, Pyrite Belt Intraformational ore deposition 105 240ff Intraformational processes 20, 60 Mantle diapirism 47 Inverse zoning 64 Marcasite 110, 139 Island arc tholeiites 161 Marginal basins 62 Island arc volcanism, Upper Cretaceous, Mary Kathleen Fold Belt 260 Turkey 229ff Massive copper ores 153 ff, 164 Isograms 67 Matagne-Schiefer 103 Isoprenoid hydrocarbon 65 Maturation 60 Maubach/Mechernich 106 Jason, Yukon, Canada 7 217 Meggen, Germany 7 Kaoline 224 Melnikovite 110, 139 Kaolinization 45 Mercury (Hg) 105 Kapalga Formation 259 Metal mobilization 105 Kimolos 216 Metal-bearing solutions 70 Koolpin Formation 259 Metalfacies 27 Krefelder Gewolbe 61 Metallogenic differentiation 245 Kupferschiefer 60,75 Metallogenetic model 105 mineralization 12-24 Metallogenesis 163ff, 226 Kuroko type 245 Metapelites 151 deposits 216 Metarmorphism 149ff Metasomatic processes 184 Lahar 219 Metasomatism 220 Lateral secretion 99, 106 Microprobe analysis 152f, 157 Leachates 121,123, 124, 126, 127, 128, Microprobe results of carbonates 136 129 Microprobe results of sulfides 141 Leached solids 125 Microtextures 111 Leaching 72 Mid German Crystalline Rise 50 method 121, 123 Mid-ocean ridgebasalts 161ff Lead-chloride-complexes 64 Milos Islands 216 Lead isotopes 30 Mineral chemistry of tourmaline 271 Lead-zinc-subtype 64 Mineralfacies 27 Leichhardt River Trough 260 Mississippi Valley type deposites 121, 122, Limestone 122, 124, 126, 128, 129 123,130 Lithogeochemical exploration 247ff Mobilization 71 Lithostratigraphic correlation 143 Mt.Isa 261 Load casts 151 Mt. Isa Orogen 260 Loellingite 44 MVT-type deposits 115 Low grade mineralization 29 Multi stage process 56 Lower carboniferous 104 Murgul copper deposit, Turkey 229ff 288 Subject Index

Na/Clratio 121,127,128,129,130 Preconcentration 46 Navan, Ireland 7 Pressure solution 117 Navan Zn-Pb ore body 132 Pristane 65 Proterozoic 51 Ocean floor basalts 157, 160ff Proximity indicators 241 183 Pumpellyite 153 Oil field brines 121, 122, 129, 130 Pyrite 110, 192 Olary 275 chemistry 194 Block 264 colloidal texture, Murgul, Turkey 236 Ore control 32 Pyrite Belt, chemistry of volanics 244 Ore geochemistry 140 Southern Spain 240ff Ore parageneses 153ff, 164 geotectonic setting 250f Ore structure 153ff magnetic evolution 243, 251 Ore-forming solution 128, 130 metallogenic trend 251 Ore-generating systems 23 stratigraphy 24lf Organic carbon 67 Pyrite framboids 139 Corg 149, 154f Murgul copper deposit, Turkey 236 Organic matter 48 Pyroclastics 218 Origin of Kupferschiefer mineralization Pyrolitic carbon 149, 154, 156, 164f 12-24 Pyroxene chemistry 152 Oxidizing environment 20 Pyrrhotite 194 Oxygen fugacity 209 chemistry 198

Paleogeothermal gradient 17 Quartz-Keratophyric pyroclastics, Pyrite Paleogeothermal interpretations 12 Belt 243 Paleohighs 49, 62 Paleohydrological features 55 Raibl 121, 122, 124, 129, 130 Paleoisotherms 17 Rammelsberg, Germany 7 Paleomagnetic dating 31 Rare earth elements 222 Paleozoic 51 Redox-boundary 31 rocks 94 Redox-control 41 Pb-isotope 106 Redox interface 117 Pegmont 261,262,275 Remnant heat 13 Pene-exhalative activities 53 Remnant liquid 16 Permeability 47 Remobilization 156 Petrography of the host rock 135 Replacement 39,109,132, 140 Petrography of tourmalinites 268 Revin 96 Phases of mineralization 17 Rheinisches Schiefergebirge 60 Phyllic alteration, MUrgul, Turkey 233 Rhenish Massif 52 Physiochemical trap 38 Rhenohercynian Zone 14 Phytyl sidechain 65 Rhyolite 53 Pillow Lavas 149f, 152, 156f, 160ff, 165 Rifting 4 Pine Creek 257 Rio Tinto Syncline, Pyrite Belt, Southern Plate 23 Spain 241 Platinum group elements 31 Roll front type 41 Pliocence-Pleistocene 218 Rote Faule 26 Poikilotopic 139 Rotliegend 26 Poikioplastic tourmaline 269 Riicken 42 Polkowice 71 Rum Jungle 258, 274 Polymorphic transformations 118 Population 63 Sabkha 46 Pore fluid chemistry 18 Saline relics 121,122,123,125,126,127, Porosite-permeability 109 128,130,131 Potassium 38 Salm 96 Precious metals, Pyrite Belt, Southern Spain Sandbars 48 252 Sandstones 150f Subject Index 289

Saxonian 49 -related environment, Pyrite Saxothuringian/Rhenohercynian zone 50 Belt, Southern Spain 251 14 Subfluence 50 Schwellen-type 29 Submarine slopes 109 Seafloor weathering 183,213 Sub-seafloor formation 164 Seawater basalt interaction 210 Sub-seafloor mixing 182 reaction 212,213 Subsidence 5,47 Secondary mineral distribution 182 Subvolcanic mineralization, Murgul copper stabilities 210,213 deposit, Turkey 238 Sedimentary Basins 3,56 Sulfate sulfur 32 Sedimentary history 18 Sulfide chemistry 194 Sedimentary structures 258 deposit 183 Sediment-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits formation 182,212 3,6 mineralization 182,186 Sediment Lithology 151 stockwork 213 Sediment-water interface 117 Sulfide breccia 110, 132, 137 Seismic pumping 54 Sulfide mineralization 94 Selenides 41 Sulfide stalactites 11 0 Selenium, Murgul copper deposit, Turkey Sulfide-sulfate deposits 216 234f Sulfidization 116 Sheested Dike Complex 182, 184 Sulfur isotopes 222 Siderit ribbons 45 Sulfur ores, chemistry, Pyride Belt 246 Siderite 114 Sullivan British Columbia, Canada 7 Silicic alteration, Murgul, Turkey 233 Sundown Group 266 Silicification 137 Supergene alteration 102 Silstones 15 Of Surface geochemistry 105 Silver 38 Syndepositional faults 134 minerals 220 Syngenetic 28 Silvermines, Ireland 7 Synsedimentary 64 Slump structures 151 and early-diagenetic sulfides 145 Smithsonite 115 Faulting 6 Solution collapse 81,83,87,88,91 sulfides 114 Southern Alps 122 Spacing 34 Tatestown prospect 132 Spatial correlation 20 Tectonic fracturing and brecciation 118 Sphalerite 35, 111, 192 Tectonic setting 150,152,157,164,166 chemistry 194, 198 Tectonophysical phenomena 12 FeS content 196,210 Temperature gradient 183,211,213 microstratigraphy 137 Tennantite 44 Stability series of metal carbonates 120 Tetrahedrite 153, 157 Stable isotope data 209,213 Thackaringa Group 266 Stereo chemistry 65 Thermal anomalies 163f Stereoisomers 67 Thermal energy 13,71 Stockwork mineralization, Murgul, Turkey Thermal Gradient 5 234 Tholeititic basalt 51 Strata-bound deposits 149f Tilloids (mixtites) 75,77,78 Strata-bound mineralization 109 Timing of the mineralization 145 Stratiform gold deposites 258 Tom, Yukon, Canada 7 Stratiform sulfides, Pyrite Belt 240ff Tonalite of Lammersdorf 101 Stromatactis infillings 112 Tonalite porphyrite 99, 102 Strontiumsulfate 224 Tourmaline chemistry 255,256 Structure bound mineralization 42 Tourmaline in exhalative ore deposits 256 Stylolites 137 Tourmaline stability 255 Stylolitization 118 Tourmaline zoning 269,274 Subalkali basalts 157, 159 Trace element distribution 204 290 Subject Index

Trace elements 155, 158f, 161, 222 Volcanic arc basalts 157, 160ff Transition zone 70 Volcanic sequence, Murgul, Turkey 230 Triassic 106, 122 Volcanoclastics 30 Trondhjemites, Pyrite Belt, Southern Spain Volcano-sedimentary complex, Pyrite Belt, 243 Southern Spain 24lf Troodos ophiolite complex, Cyprus 182f Tsumeb 91 Waulsortian limestones 109 Tuffs 102 Water/rock ratio 183,211 Turbidites 118 Weissliegend 26 Turkey, Murgul copper deposit 229ff Whole rock geochemistry 201 Two metal sources 20 Wildschonauer Schiefer, WS 149ff Tynagh, Ireland 7 Willyama Hill Block 264 Within-plate alkali basalts 160 Upwards-shallowing sequence 143 Within-plate basalts 157, 160ff

Variscan 52 XRF-analysis 155f,158f Variscan plate motion 20 Vein deposites 54 Zechstein paleohighs 14 Vein mineralization, Murgul, Turkey 234 Zechsteinkalk 26 Vein-zype Pb-Zn deposits 103 Zell am See 149f, 152f, 157ff Venn massif 95 Zeolite facies 183,213 Vertical zoning 64 Zinc-chloride-complexes 64 Vitrinite rank 17 Zinc-type 64 Vitrinite reflectance 18, 65 Zn-dolomite 110