Blank Verse: Poetry Written in Unrhymed Iambic Pentameter Lines. Free Verse

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Blank Verse: poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter lines. Free Verse: Poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern, or meter. Free verse seeks to capture the rhythms of speech. Figure of speech: an expression that uses words in a non-literal way. Refrain: the repetition of words, phrases, line, or lines according to a pattern. Symbol: anything that stands for or represents something else. Epic: a long narrative poem about the deeds of gods or heroes. Sonnet: a 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. Lyric poem: a highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker. Homophone: one of two or more words pronounced alike but different in meaning or spelling (as the words to, too, and two) Homograph: one of two or more words spelled alike but different in meaning or pronunciation (as the bow of a ship, a bow and arrow) Paradox: a statement that seems contradictory but that actually may be true. Oxymoron: a figure of speech in which opposite or contradictory ideas or terms are combined. Mood: the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage. Tone: the writer’s attitude toward his or her audience and subject. Cacophony: a harsh or discordant sound; unpleasant Euphony: pleasing, harmonious sounds Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds. Alliteration: repetition of an initial sound in two or more words. Consonance: the repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of words. Diction: the choice of words used to give a specific tone. SIMILE: a figure of speech in which LIKE or AS is used to make a comparision between two basically unlike ideas. METAPHOR: a figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else; a direct comparison between two things. HYPERBOLE: a deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. IAMBIC: unstressed syllable, followed by a stressed syllable (as in "again") TROCHEE: stressed syllable, followed by an unstressed syllable (as in "wonder") RHYTHM: the pattern of beats, or stresses, in spoken or written language. RHYME: the repetition of sounds at the end of the words. ONOMATOPOEIA: the use of words that imitate sounds (as in WHIRR, THUD, BOOM, SIZZLE, HISS) ENJAMBMENT: lines that do not end with grammatical breaks. RHYME SCHEME: a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem (i.e., ababcc) .

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Introduction to Meter
Introduction to Meter A stress or accent is the greater amount of force given to one syllable than another. English is a language in which all syllables are stressed or unstressed, and traditional poetry in English has used stress patterns as a fundamental structuring device. Meter is simply the rhythmic pattern of stresses in verse. To scan a poem means to read it for meter, an operation whose noun form is scansion. This can be tricky, for although we register and reproduce stresses in our everyday language, we are usually not aware of what we’re going. Learning to scan means making a more or less unconscious operation conscious. There are four types of meter in English: iambic, trochaic, anapestic, and dactylic. Each is named for a basic foot (usually two or three syllables with one strong stress). Iambs are feet with an unstressed syllable, followed by a stressed syllable. Only in nursery rhymes to do we tend to find totally regular meter, which has a singsong effect, Chidiock Tichborne’s poem being a notable exception. Here is a single line from Emily Dickinson that is totally regular iambic: _ / │ _ / │ _ / │ _ / My life had stood – a loaded Gun – This line serves to notify readers that the basic form of the poem will be iambic tetrameter, or four feet of iambs. The lines that follow are not so regular. Trochees are feet with a stressed syllable, followed by an unstressed syllable. Trochaic meter is associated with chants and magic spells in English: / _ │ / _ │ / _ │ / _ Double, double, toil and trouble, / _ │ / _ │ / _ │ / _ Fire burn and cauldron bubble.
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