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Pharmacological Review of “Luffa Acutangula (L) Roxb

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Pharmacological Review of “Luffa Acutangula (L) Roxb Int. Res. J. of Science & Engineering, 2018; Special Issue A3 :1-8 SJIF Impact Factor 4.11 ISSN: 2322-0015 UGC Approved Journal No. 63628 REVIEW ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Pharmacological Review of “Luffa acutangula (L) Roxb Pingale Shirish S1, Punde Vikas M2, Deokar Dinesh E3 1PG Department of Chemistry Gramonnati Mandal's Arts, Commerce and. Science College, Narayangaon, Junnar, Pune | 2Department of Chemistry, Hon. B.J Arts, Commerce and Science College, Ale, Pune, 3JJTU Scholar, Rajasthan Email: [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected] Manuscript Details ABSTRACT Available online on http://www.irjse.in Ourancestors looked for the drugs to rescue from ISSN: 2322-0015 diseases. Many synthetic drugs were discovered but they have fewer efficacies and may contradictions. Now a Editor: Dr. Arvind Chavhan day’s most of the herbal drugs were evolved with the great potentials. The fruit of one of such herb Luffa Cite this article as: acutangula (L) roxb, belongs to family Cucurbitaceae is Pingale Shirish S, Punde Vikas M, Deokar used as common vegetable. The fruits, seeds and plant Dinesh E. Pharmacological Review of “Luffa extracts have been used as antidiabetic, hepato acutangula (L) Roxb, Int. Res. Journal of Science & protective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, Engineering, January 2018, Special Issue A3: 1-8. antiulcer, CNS depressant etc. The intention of this article is to focus on variety of pharmacological uses of Luffa © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access acutangula. The present review is based on the areas This article is distributed under the terms which are needed to have immediate attention for of the Creative Commons Attribution preparation of herbal drugs based on the 4.0 International License pharmacological evidences. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and Keywords: Luffa acutangula, Hepato-protective, reproduction in any medium, provided you give Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiulcer, CNS appropriate credit to the original author(s) and depressant. the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were INTRODUCTION made. Plant plays an important role from ancient times where man used plant as drug to cure various diseases. About 2000 species of medicinal plantsin India have high potential values unfortunately; veryfew of them were studied chemically and pharmacologically for their medicinal benefit. Luffaacutangula (L) Roxb called as ridge gourd, angled gourd or angled Luffa is one of the potential herbs found in Asia. India is considered as a centre of its origin State level Conference on “Recent Approaches in Environmental Protection & Sustainable Development” 2018 IRJSE © 2018| All right reserved |1 2 | State level Conference on “Recent Approaches in Environmental Protection & Sustainable Development” 2018 This is common fruit vegetable cultivated in India, Marathi :Divali, Kadudodaki, Kadudod-ka, China, Southeast Asia, Egypt, Japan and other parts of Kadushirali, Kaduturai, Ranturai. Africa. The various pharmacological activities Odia : Janhi. includes antidiabetic activity [4, 5], antioxidant Punjabi : Jhinga,Shirola activity, hepato-protectiveactivity [1], CNS depressant Sanskrit : Gantali,Kosataki,Ksweda, activity [3], anticancer [24, 25] etc. Luffa acutangula Mridangaphalika, Sutikta. (LA)as a whole is the source of the secondary Tamil : Itukari, Itukarikkoti, Kacappi, metabolites i.e. amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, Kacappuppirkku, Kaccam,Karniti, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, tannins, and Karnitikkoti,Katiyavisava, Kirutacittirar, saponins[6]. Seeds of this plant shows presence of Kirutavetanai, Peerkangai. saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, Telugu :Adavibeera,Chedubira,Chathibeera, palmatic, stearic, oleic and traces of lignoceric acid Sendubirai, Verribeera while fruits contain cucurbitacin B, E and oleanolicacid [7]. Although many activities of L. acutangulawere reported butit’s potential as a DESCRIPTION pharmacological aid has to be studied for more applications.i Luffa acutangulais a climber. Roots: Roots of LA plants are yellowish- Brown in PHARMACOGNOSY colour, almost cylindrical in shape, having 8- 12cmlength and 0.7cm thickness. They are rough in Scientific Classification touch because of longitudinal wrinkles and also Kingdom: Plantae showed new adventitious roots. Division: Magnoliophyta Stems:It is with 5 angled glabrous stem and 3-fid tendril. Class : Magnoliopsida Leaves : Leaves of LA are orbicular in outline with Order : Cucurbitales the length 15-20 cm long, palmately 5-7 angled or Family:Cucurbitaceae sublobate, scabrid. Veins and vein lets are prominent. Genus : Luffa Fruits : The fruits of LA are obovate, pale yellowish brown in colorwith 4-10 cm long, 2-4cm broad and Species: L. acutangula outer surface being covered with 8 -10 prominent longitudinal ribs. It is tapering towards the base and Other Indigenous Names: longitudinally ribbed. The fruits are divided into 3 Assamese: Zika. chambers. The inner part is fibrous in nature and Bengali : Jhinga, Ghoshalata, Titotorai, Titojhinga, easily detachable as a whole from the outer part. Taste Titodhundal. is bitter. Transverse section of fruit through a rib Chinese :Ling Jiao Si Gua, You Lin Si Gua, Sze Gwa, shows a single layer of papillose epidermis covered Sigw,sin qua or sing kwa. with thick striated cuticle, followed by 4-6 layers of English: Angled loofah, Chinese okra, Dish- parenchymatous cells. clothgourd, Ridge gourd, Ribbed loofah, Seeds : Seeds are black in colored with bitter taste Silk gourd, Silky gourd, and having ovoid- oblong shape. The length is Sinkwatowelsponge, generally 0.6-0.8cm with width of 0.5-0.6cm. Sinquamelon,Vegetable sponge. Distribution : Luffa acutangula cultivated Gujarati :Turiya. throughout India as it is pan tropic. Hindi :Jhimani,Karvitarui, antorai,Sankirah. Habit: Herb. Japanese :itouri, tokadohechima. Propagation: Propagation of L.acutangulais byseeds. Kannada :Heere, Kahire, Kahi, Naagadaaliballi. Native range: India and Naturalized throughout the Malayalam: Athanga. moister Tropics. ISSN 2322-0015 http://www.irjse.in Pingale et al., 2018 3 Fig. 1 A:Fruit of Luffa acutangular B: Leaves of Luffa acutangular C: Flowers of Luffa acutangular D: Seeds of Luffa acutangula Phytochemical Review The XRF and FPM study indicates that the plant is The quality controlled studies on fruit of Luffa good source of Ca, Mg, K and P. It also contains acutangulashows that water has maximum extractive moderate concentration of Si and S. The entire power as compared to other solvents such as hexane, elements play an important role in efficient and ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate. The LA extracts smooth biological functioning. LA hexane extract on when examined for the following test for purity e.g. GC-MS analysis indicate that it contain forty-five acid insoluble ash, loss on dryingwater soluble and different class of compounds viz.Hexadecanoic acid sulphated ash shows that sample is rich in drug ethyl ester, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, 3, 7, 11, 15- having large polar compounds. Simple preliminary Tetramethyl – 2 – hexadecenl-ol, 9, 12 octadecanoic analysis reveals that these extracts contain acid ethyl ester, Hentriacontane and Hexadecanoic carbohydrates, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, acid methyl ester while GCMS of chloroform extract steroids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, indicatethat it contain 35 different compounds such as quinines, tannins and lignin's. The flavonoids and n-Hexadecanoic acid, Triacontane,Tetratriacontane, 9, tannins are important in treating the cancers and heart 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, (z, z, z), related problems, so it is suggested that it is included citronellyltiglate. Different spot under HPTLC at in dietary supplement for such patients. 366nm with different Rf values differentiate the drugs [8]. Int. Res. J. of Science & Engineering, Special Issue A3, January, 2018: 4 | State level Conference on “Recent Approaches in Environmental Protection & Sustainable Development” 2018 Nutritional Composition catalase and superoxide dismutase. The result of this The seeds and fruits of Luffa acutangular were studied study indicates that hepatoprotective activity of hydro for potential nutritional and oil characteristics. The alcoholic extract of LA was due to contribution of fatty acid profile of seeds indicates that the glycerides endogenous antioxidants and inhibition of lipid per of oleic and linoleic acid constitute 68% of the total oxidation of membrane. Investigations were made to kernel oil. The seeds were also found to be a good study hepatoprotective activity of saponin fraction of source of amino acids, phosphorous, iron and magne- LA seeds in liver fibrocytic rat-induced with sium. The fruit is a major source of moisture, crude CCl4male.Wistar rats were divided into six groups fiber, vitamin B, calcium, iron and magnesium [9]. consisting of normal group, control group, comparator group and three test groups (given Ethno pharmacology Review saponin fraction of Luffa acutangula). The study The ethno pharmacological survey in Rajasthan, concluded that administration of saponin fraction at Katewa et al., (2008) collected the information on dose 10 mg/kg b.w twice a week, 20 mg/kg b.w twice medicinal uses of plants. They found that half tea a week and 20 mg/kg b.w once daily showed spoon of LA seeds powder plays an important role if hepatoprotective activity and the highest
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