Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies Revue Canadienne D’Études Néerlandaises 33.2 & 34.1 (2012-2013)

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Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies Revue Canadienne D’Études Néerlandaises 33.2 & 34.1 (2012-2013) Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies Revue canadienne d’études néerlandaises 33.2 & 34.1 (2012-2013) Special issue Islam in the Netherlands: Entering the twenty-first century Guest editor: Maurits S. Berger From the editor / De la rédaction / Van de redactie i-vi Maurits S. Berger 1-16 Introduction: Islam in the Netherlands Martijn de Koning 17-34 Between the Prophet and Paradise: The Salafi struggle in the Netherlands Jan Jaap de Ruiter 35-58 The distinction between Islam and Muslims in the Dutch anti-Islamization discourse Thijl Sunier 59-82 Space-making and religious transformation: Mosque building in the Netherlands Eric R. Roose 83-106 The myth of the orientalist mosque: Towards an iconography of Islamic architecture in the Netherlands Khadija Kadrouch-Outmany 107-128 Burial practices and desires among Muslims in the Netherlands: A matter of belonging Maurits S. Berger 129-152 Responding to sharia in the Netherlands From the editor Inge Genee In the more than three decades since Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies / Revue canadienne d’études néerlandaises began regular publication, it has published three types of issues: regular issues with independently submitted contributions, proceedings issues containing expanded versions of presentations given at our annual conference, and special issues focusing on a particular topic or theme. The double issue before you belongs in the latter category. It is the result of a close collaboration with guest editor Maurits S. Berger of Leiden University, who kindly responded to our invitation to produce a special issue of our journal on the position of Islam in modern Dutch society. Entitled Islam in the Netherlands: Entering the twenty-first century, this special issue discusses a variety of themes relating to the broad topic of Islam in the Netherlands, from the position of specific Islamic sects, anti-Muslim reactions by right-wing politicians, and Islamic law, to mosque architecture and Islamic burial practices. The contributions address issues that are specific to the Dutch context, but in general terms equally relevant to other western societies in which Islam has created a space for itself in the last few decades. As such, they raise questions that are of interest also to other European countries as well as to North America. Canadian readers will easily spot some of the most obvious similarities and differences between the Dutch and Canadian situations. It is my pleasure to acknowledge the very substantial contribution of professor Berger, who assumed responsibility for the intellectual direction of the issue and took charge not only of the initial invitations to the authors, but also of several rounds of internal revisions before the papers were sent out for peer review. I am also pleased to acknowledge the generous assistance of my colleague Dr Atif Khalil of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Lethbridge, who was instrumental in identifying and contacting suitable peer reviewers for most of the contributions in this issue. Finally I am grateful to Dr Basil Kingstone for all French translations. This issue was produced with in-kind support from the University of Leth- bridge Journal Incubator (http://www.uleth.ca/lib/incubator/), a joint initiative Can. J. of Netherlandic Studies/Rev. can. d’études néerlandaises 33.2-34.1 (2012-2013): i-vi II FROM THE EDITOR / DE LA RÉDACTION / VAN DE REDACTIE of the University of Lethbridge School of Graduate Studies and University of Lethbridge Library. Can. J. of Netherlandic Studies/Rev. can. d’études néerlandaises 33.2-34.1 (2012-2013): i-vi FROM THE EDITOR / DE LA RÉDACTION / VAN DE REDACTIE III De la rédaction Inge Genee La Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies / Revue canadienne d’études néerlandaises, depuis plus de trente ans maintenant, publie trois sortes de numéros : des numéros réguliers avec des communications soumises indépendamment; des actes de congrès, contenant des versions révisées de communications faites à nos congrès annuels; et des numéros spéciaux qui se concentrent sur un sujet ou thème spécial. Le numéro double que vous voyez devant vous appartient à cette dernière catégorie. Il résulte d’une coopération étroite avec notre rédacteur invité Maurits S. Berger de l’Université de Leyde, qui a bien voulu accepter notre invitation à produire un numéro spécial de notre Revue consacrée à la position de l’Islam dans la société néerlandaise moderne. Sous le titre L’Islam aux Pays- Bas à l’entrée du vingt-et-unième siècle, ce numéro discute une variété de thèmes reliés au sujet général de l’Islam aux Pays-Bas, depuis la position de certaines sectes islamiques particulières, les réactions anti-islamiques de quelques politiciens d’extrême-droite, et le droit islamique, à l’architecture des mosquées et les pratiques funèbres islamiques. Les articles traitent d’enjeux spécifiques au contexte néerlandais, mais en termes généraux ils s’appliquent tout aussi bien à d’autres sociétés occidentales où l’Islam s’est créé un espace dans ces dernières décennies. Ils soulèvent donc des questions intéressant d’autres pays européens de même que l’Amérique du Nord. Les lecteurs canadiens y reconnaîtront facilement quelques-unes des ressemblances et différences les plus évidentes entre les situations néerlandaise et canadienne. Cela me fait plaisir de souligner la contribution très importante du professeur Berger, qui a pris sur lui la direction intellectuelle de ce numéro et s’est chargé non seulement des invitations initiales aux auteurs, mais aussi de plusieurs séries de révisions internes avant même l’envoi des articles pour évaluation par les pairs. Je tiens à signaler l’aide généreuse de mon collègue le docteur Atif Khalil du département d’Études religieuses de l’Université de Lethbridge : dans la plupart des cas, c’est lui qui a su identifier et contacter des experts pour l’évaluation par les pairs de ces articles. Je remercie aussi le docteur Basil Kingstone d’avoir fait les traductions vers le français. Can. J. of Netherlandic Studies/Rev. can. d’études néerlandaises 33.2-34.1 (2012-2013): i-vi IV FROM THE EDITOR / DE LA RÉDACTION / VAN DE REDACTIE Ce numéro a été produit avec l’aide pratique du Journal Incubator de l’Université de Lethbridge (http://www.uleth.ca/lib/incubator/), organisme con- joint de la School of Graduate Studies et de la bibliothèque de cette université. Can. J. of Netherlandic Studies/Rev. can. d’études néerlandaises 33.2-34.1 (2012-2013): i-vi FROM THE EDITOR / DE LA RÉDACTION / VAN DE REDACTIE V Van de redactie Inge Genee Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies / Revue canadienne d’études néerlandaises heeft, vanaf het eerste begin in 1979, drie soorten nummers gepubliceerd: gewone nummers met onafhankelijk aangeboden artikelen, verhandelingen van lezingen gehouden op ons jaarlijkse congres, en themanummers die aandacht besteden aan een specifiek onderwerp. Het dubbelnummer dat voor u ligt behoort tot die laatste groep. Het is het resultaat van intensieve samenwerking met gastredacteur Maurits Berger van de Universiteit van Leiden, die zo vriendelijk was in te stemmen met ons verzoek om een themanummer te redigeren over de positie van de Islam in de moderne Nederlandse samenleving. Dit nummer, onder de titel Islam in Nederland aan het begin van de een-en-twintigste eeuw, behandelt een aantal thema’s die betrekking hebben op het brede onderwerp van Islam in Nederland, van de positie van specifieke Islamitische sectes, anti-islamitische uitlatingen van rechtse politici, en Islamitische wetgeving, tot het ontwerpen en bouwen van moskeeën en Islamitische begraafplaatsen. De bijdragen behandelen onderwerpen die weliswaar specifiek zijn voor de Nederlandse context, maar meer in het algemeen ook van toepassing op andere westerse samenlevingen waarin de Islam zich in de afgelopen jaren een plaats heeft veroverd. De kwesties die aan de orde komen zijn dan ook van belang voor andere Europese landen en ook voor Noord-Amerika. Canadese lezers zullen gemakkelijk de meest in het oog springende overeenkomsten en verschillen herkennen tussen de Nederlandse en Canadese situaties. Graag maak ik van de gelegenheid gebruik om professor Berger te bedanken voor zijn substantiële rol in het tot stand komen van dit nummer. Hij was niet alleen verantwoordelijk voor de intellectuele directie van dit nummer maar nam ook de verantwoordelijkheid op zich voor het uitnodigen van auteurs en voor de eerste interne herschrijfrondes, voordat de artikelen werden uitgestuurd voor externe review. Ik erken hier ook met veel plezier de genereuze assistantie van mijn collega Dr Atif Khalil van het Department of Religious Studies aan de University of Lethbridge voor zijn hulp bij het vinden en benaderen van externe reviewers met de juiste expertise. Tot slot bedank ik Dr Basil Kingstone voor alle Franse vertalingen in dit nummer. Can. J. of Netherlandic Studies/Rev. can. d’études néerlandaises 33.2-34.1 (2012-2013): i-vi VI FROM THE EDITOR / DE LA RÉDACTION / VAN DE REDACTIE Dit nummer is tot stand gekomen met assistentie van de University of Lethbridge Journal Incubator (http://www.uleth.ca/lib/incubator/), een geza- menlijk initiatief van de University of Lethbridge School of Graduate Studies en de University of Lethbridge Library. Can. J. of Netherlandic Studies/Rev. can. d’études néerlandaises 33.2-34.1 (2012-2013): i-vi Introduction: Islam in the Netherlands Maurits S. Berger The articles in this issue of Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies / Revue canadienne des études néerlandaises deal with aspects of Islam in the Netherlands, a novel phenomenon with continuous developments that keeps politicians, media and academics on their toes. The articles in this special issue provide a variety of topics on Islam in the Netherlands, each representing the latest academic insights on the specific issue. Before I introduce and contextualise these articles, we first need to take a brief look at the background regarding Muslims and their Islam in the Netherlands.1 Key terms: Islam; The Netherlands; Ethnicity; Allochtonen; Islamic education; Radicalism.
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