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Evaluating and Monitoring Anticorruption Reforms and Programs EVALUATING AND MONITORING ANTICORRUPTION REFORMS AND PROGRAMS REPORTS ON A HIGH-LEVEL PANEL DISCUSSION AND TRAINING WORKSHOP EVALUATING AND MONITORING ANTICORRUPTION REFORMS AND PROGRAMS REPORTS ON A HIGH-LEVEL PANEL DISCUSSION AND TRAINING WORKSHOP Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-541-0 (Print), 978-92-9257-542-7 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168569 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Evaluating and monitoring anticorruption reforms and programs: Reports on a high-level panel discussion and training workshop. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Anticorruption.2. Monitoring and evaluation.3. Good governance.I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Attribution—You should always acknowledge ADB as the source using the following format: [Author]. [Year of publication]. [Title of the work in italics]. [City of publication]: [Publisher]. © ADB. [URL or DOI] [license]. Translations—Any translations you create should carry the following disclaimer: Originally published by ADB in English under the title [title in italics]. © ADB. [URL or DOI] [license]. The quality of the translation and its coherence with the original text is the sole responsibility of the translator. The English original of this work is the only official version. Adaptations—Any adaptations you create should carry the following disclaimer: This is an adaptation of an original work titled [title in italics]. © ADB. [URL or DOI][license]. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of ADB or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not endorse this work or guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Please contact [email protected] if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda Contents Acknowledgments v Abbreviations vi Part I: Report on High-Level Panel Discussion 1 Background 2 Participants 5 Methodology and Approach 5 Opening Session 6 Welcome Remarks—David J. Binns 6 Introduction—Thomas Ossowski 7 Session 1: Anticorruption Reforms and Programs—The General Picture toward Good Governance in Public Funding 8 Keynote Speech: Anticorruption Efforts in the Philippines: Sustaining the Gains and Moving Forward—Conchita Carpio Morales 8 Reforming a Government Agency toward Integrity and Transparency: Ingredients of Good Governance and Maintaining Momentum—Raul C. Asis 9 Anticorruption Reforms and Programs: Monitoring and Evaluating Effectiveness— Elizabeth Hart 10 Session 1 Open Forum: Highlights and Key Concerns 11 Session 2: Panel Discussion on Anticorruption Reforms and Programs— How to Evaluate and Monitor Results-Oriented Implementation 13 Integrity Initiative: Anticorruption Reforms Initiatives of the Private Sector and How to Monitor Effectiveness—Henry Schumacher 14 Monitoring and Evaluating Anticorruption Reforms: The View of Academe— J. Prospero E. De Vera III 15 Monitoring and Evaluating Anticorruption Reforms: U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Center Initiatives and Resources—Fredrik Eriksson 16 Monitoring Anticorruption Reforms, Civil Society Monitoring Approaches on Governance, Transparency, Integrity, Accountability—Mahar Mangahas 17 Growth and Development through Fight against Corruption: The Case of Georgia— Tamara Kovziridze 18 Anticorruption Reforms in the United Kingdom Bilateral Cooperation: Leading the United Kingdom’s Fight to Cut Serious and Organized Crime— John McDonald 19 Session 2 Open Forum: Discussion Highlights and Key Concerns 20 Closing Remarks 22 iii ivContents Appendixes 23 1 Program 23 2 Profiles of Speakers, Panelists, and Panel Facilitators 25 3 Participants 33 Part II: Report on the Training Workshop on Evaluating and Monitoring Anticorruption Reforms and Programs 38 Background 39 Day 1: Corruption and Reform Efforts in the Philippines 40 Day 2: Challenges to Corruption Reforms, Opportunities, and Monitoring and Evaluation 44 Day 3: A Theory of Change for Anticorruption Reforms in the Philippines and Illicit Financial Flows 50 Concluding Remarks 53 Appendixes 54 1 Agenda 54 2 Speakers’ Profiles 58 3 Participants 63 Acknowledgments his publication’s summary of the Evaluating and Monitoring Anti-Corruption Reforms and Programs High-Level Panel Discussion and Workshop was made possible by the Tdedication and hard work of a number of individuals from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Center, and the Government of the Philippines’ Office of the Ombudsman. Bernd-Markus Liss, GIZ Philippines’ director of the Climate Program and focal point for Anti-Corruption, deserves recognition for leading the preparation of the High-Level Panel Discussion and for making the training workshop possible by requesting for support from the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Center. Dennis Russel Baldago of the Office of the Ombudsman coordinated with the external participants. The rich discussions in the training workshop would not have been possible without the guidance and wisdom of Elizabeth Hart and Frederik Ericsson from the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Center. ADB would like to acknowledge the contribution of Christina Lubotzki and Mary Martha Merilo from GIZ Philippines for preparing the detailed proceedings of the event. Bianca Rosario Espiritu and Evangelyn Medina from the ADB Events Management Unit deserve recognition for taking care of logistical concerns and Josephine J. Aquino and Ethyl G. Bulao-Lorena from the ADB Governance Thematic Group Secretariat for coordinating with the ADB participants and ADB-funded resource persons. We also appreciate the provision of funding for the Governance Thematic Group staff training by the Knowledge Services and Support Department and the support by Rodel Bautista from the Department of External Relations for facilitating the process for the editing, typesetting and printing of the proceedings. Claudia Buentjen Governance Thematic Group Secretariat Asian Development Bank v Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank CMI Chr. Michelsen Institute CSO civil society organization DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit M&E monitoring and evaluation PDAF Priority Development Assistance Fund SWS Social Weather Stations TOC theory of change UK United Kingdom UNCAC United Nations Convention against Corruption UP University of the Philippines USAID United States Agency for International Development vi PART I Report on High-Level Panel Discussion Background ransparency, accountability, and integrity are key determining factors for sustainable development. At the international level, 140 countries have signed the United Nations TConvention against Corruption (UNCAC), and all parts of society have many initiatives to fight corruption. Corruption is one of the main obstacles to sustainable development. Corruption and a lack of transparency in public revenues and spending undermine poverty alleviation efforts and democratic participation. Public resources are squandered instead of being used to promote sustainable development for all. The World Bank has estimated that bribery alone costs the world $1 trillion every year. Corruption creates legal uncertainty. By inflating costs, it holds back the development of the private sector, distorts competition, and deters investors. Corruption weakens political institutions and ultimately calls into question the legitimacy of the state. Disadvantaged sections of the population, particularly women and children, are worst hit. Corruption makes it much harder and more expensive for them
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