PREHISTORIC STONE ARTEFACT ANALYSIS MA MODULE (15 Credits): ARCL0101 MODULE HANDBOOK 2019-20
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LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010
SYLLABUS LITHIC ANALYSIS (01-070-391) Rutgers University Spring 2010 Lecture days/hours: Thursday, 2:15-5:15 PM Lecture location: BioSci 206, Douglass Campus Instructors: Dr. J.W.K. Harris J.S. Reti, MA [email protected] [email protected] Office: BioSci, Room 203B Office: BioSci, Room 204C Office Hours: Friday 11:00 – 1:00 Office Hours: Thursday 1:00 – 3:00 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is an integrated course that incorporates theoretical, behavioral, and practical aspects of lithic technology. Lithic Analysis is an advanced undergraduate course in human and non-human primate stone technology. Each student is expected to already have taken an introductory course in human evolution, primatology, and/or archaeology. Lithic Analysis is a sub-discipline of archaeology. The focus is on the inferential potential of stone tools with regard to human behavior. Early human ancestors first realized the utility of sharp stone edges for butchery and other practices. Arguably, without the advent of stone tools human evolution would have taken a different path. Stone tools allowed early hominins efficient access to meat resources and provided as avenue for cognitive development and three-dimensional problem solving. This course will provide a three-fold approach to lithic analysis: 1) study of archaeological sites and behavioral change through time relative to lithic technological changes, 2) insight into the art of laboratory lithic analysis and methods employed to attain concrete, quantitative behavioral conclusions, and 3) extensive training in stone tool replication. Such training will provide students with both an appreciation for the skills of our ancestors and with personal skills that will allow for further research into replication and human behavior. -
Experimentation Preceding Innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay Layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): Emerging Technologies and Symbols
RESEARCH ARTICLE Experimentation preceding innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): emerging technologies and symbols. Guillaume Porraz1,2, John E. Parkington3, Patrick Schmidt4,5, Gérald Bereiziat6, Jean-Philip Brugal1, Laure Dayet7, Marina Igreja8, Christopher E. Miller9,10, Viola C. Schmid4,11, Chantal Tribolo12,, Aurore 4,2 13 1 Cite as: Porraz, G., Parkington, J. E., Val , Christine Verna , Pierre-Jean Texier Schmidt, P., Bereiziat, G., Brugal, J.- P., Dayet, L., Igreja, M., Miller, C. E., Schmid, V. C., Tribolo, C., Val, A., Verna, C., Texier, P.-J. (2020). 1 Experimentation preceding Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UMR 7269 Lampea, 5 rue du Château innovation in a MIS5 Pre-Still Bay de l’Horloge, F-13094 Aix-en-Provence, France layer from Diepkloof Rock Shelter 2 University of the Witwatersrand, Evolutionary Studies Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa (South Africa): emerging 3 technologies and symbols. University of Cape Town, Department of Archaeology, Cape Town, South Africa EcoEvoRxiv, ch53r, ver. 3 peer- 4 Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary reviewed and recommended by PCI Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany Archaeology. doi: 5 10.32942/osf.io/ch53r Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany. 6 Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5199 PACEA, F-33615 Pessac, France Posted: 2020-12-17 7 CNRS-Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, UMR 5608 TRACES, F-31058 Toulouse, France 8 LARC DGPC, Ministry of Culture (Portugal) / ENVARCH Cibio-Inbio 9 Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Institute for Archaeological Sciences & Senckenberg Recommender: Anne Delagnes Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Rümelinstr. -
Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 Ka), South Africa
RESEARCH ARTICLE Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa Anne Delagnes1,2☯*, Patrick Schmidt3☯, Katja Douze1,2, Sarah Wurz2,4, Ludovic Bellot- Gurlet5, Nicholas J. Conard3, Klaus G. Nickel6, Karen L. van Niekerk4,2, Christopher S. Henshilwood2,4 a11111 1 PACEA, CNRSÐUniversity of Bordeaux, Pessac, France, 2 School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies and Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 3 Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Eberhard Karls University of TuÈbingen, TuÈbingen, Germany, 4 Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 5 MONARIS, Sorbonne UniversiteÂs, UPMC Universite Paris 6, UMR 8233, Paris, France, 6 Department of Geosciences, Applied Mineralogy, Eberhard Karls University of TuÈbingen, TuÈbingen, Germany OPEN ACCESS ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. Citation: Delagnes A, Schmidt P, Douze K, Wurz S, * [email protected] Bellot-Gurlet L, Conard NJ, et al. (2016) Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa. PLoS ONE 11 Abstract (10): e0163874. doi:10.1371/journal. Heating stone to enhance its flaking qualities is among the multiple innovative adaptations pone.0163874 introduced by early modern human groups in southern Africa, in particular during the Middle Editor: Nuno Bicho, Universidade do Algarve, Stone Age Still Bay and Howiesons Poort traditions. Comparatively little is known about the PORTUGAL role and impact of this technology on early modern human behaviors and cultural expres- Received: December 19, 2015 sions, due, in part, to the lack of comprehensive studies of archaeological assemblages Accepted: September 15, 2016 documenting the heat treatment of stone. -
1 the Mental Template in Handaxe Manufacture
Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript Manuscript_JAMT_revised_v.3.doc The mental template in handaxe manufacture: new insights into Acheulean lithic 1 technological behavior at Boxgrove, Sussex, UK. 2 3 Paula García-Medrano1,5, Andreu Ollé2,3, Nick Ashton1, Mark B. Roberts4 4 5 1 Dept. Britain, Europe & Prehistory. British Museum. Franks House, 56 Orsman Road, London, N1 5QJ, UK 6 2 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona educacional 4, Campus Sescelades 7 URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain 8 3 Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Fac. Lletres, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain 9 4 Institute of Archaeology, UCL, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK 10 11 5 Corresponding author, [email protected] Tlf. +34 620957489 12 13 Abstract 14 15 The morphological variability of Large Cutting Tools (LCT) during the Middle Pleistocene has 16 been traditionally associated with two main variables: raw material constraints and reduction 17 intensity. Boxgrove – c.500ka – is one of the most informative sites at which to analyze 18 shaping strategies and handaxe morphological variability in the European Middle 19 20 Pleistocene, because of the large number of finished handaxes, and the presence of 21 complete operational chains. We focused on the entire handaxe and rough-out sample from 22 Boxgrove-Q1/B with the aim of assessing the role of raw material characteristics – size, form, 23 and homogeneity of nodules – in the shaping process, and to ascertain if they represent real 24 constraints in the production of handaxes. Additionally, given the large number of handaxes 25 and the intensity of the thinning work at Boxgrove, we also aimed to determine if reduction 26 intensity affected the final shape to the degree that some authors have previously postulated. -
Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines
Prehistoric Lithic Technology} Workshops} and Chipping Stations in the Philippines D. KYLE LATINIS THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS represent an important area for research of problems concerning prehistoric archaeology in Southeast Asia. These insular areas, located east of the biogeographic boundary known as Huxley's line, include a variety of tropical environments. These islands remained detached from the continental portion of Southeast Asia throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Archaeolog ical research has documented human occupation and adaptation from at least the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene within these islands. Unfortunately, relatively little intensive prehistoric archaeological research has been undertaken in the Philippines compared to some areas in mainland South east Asia, Oceania, and Australia. Warren Peterson's dissertation (1974) focused on a series of sites in northern Luzon and represents one of the foundation stud ies in the Philippines for modern archaeology. Peterson's work has often been cited and his conclusions used for the development of models concerning prehis tory in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. Peterson's research was conducted during a period when behavioral reconstruc tions from site assemblage analyses were prominent in archaeological research. Specifically, Peterson attempted behavioral reconstruction from the analysis of stone tools from the Busibus/Pintu site in northern Luzon, Philippines. A reanal ysis of the entire Busibus/Pintu lithic assemblage has revealed problems with Peterson's initial analysis and interpretation of this site-problems that will be addressed in this paper. Lithic technology, stone tool manufacture, and selection and reduction strategies will also be explored. Finally, new interpretations of the nature of the lithic assemblage and site activities at Busibus/Pintu rock shelter will be provided. -
Standing at the Gates of Europe: Human Behavior and Biogeography in the Southern Carpathians During the Late Pleistocene
ARTICLE IN PRESS Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Anthropological Archaeology xxx (2008) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Standing at the gates of Europe: Human behavior and biogeography in the Southern Carpathians during the Late Pleistocene Julien Riel-Salvatore a,*, Gabriel Popescu b,c, C. Michael Barton c,d a Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Stephen Leacock Building, Room 717, 855 Sherbrooke Street, W., Montre´al, Que., Canada H3A 2T7 b Institute of Archaeology ‘‘Vasile Parvan”, 11, Henri Coanda Street, Sector 1, Bucharest 010667, Romania c School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA d Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA Received 8 November 2006; revision received 5 February 2008 Abstract This study presents a behavioral analysis of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages from 14 sites located in the southern Carpathian Mountains. Using a whole assemblage behavioral indicator, we show that the hominins that manufactured those stone tools do not appear to have differed in terms of the flexibility of the mobility strategies they employed to exploit their landscapes. Rather than biological change, we argue that large-scale climate changes are likely more important drivers of behavioral changes during the Late Pleistocene of the region, including during the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition. These results agree well with the results of studies having employed this methodology -
Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1
Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3. -
Managing Lithic Scatters and Sites
Managing Lithic Scatters and Sites Archaeological guidance for planning authorities and developers 0 Managing Lithic Scatters and Sites: Archaeological guidance for planning authorities and developers Summary Lithic scatters and sites are an important archaeological resource that can provide valuable insights into prehistory. Most commonly found as scatters of worked stone, usually suspended in modern ploughsoil deposits, which have been disturbed from their original archaeological context through ploughing. Undisturbed lithic sites can also be found through further evaluation and excavations, where lithics have been sealed by cover deposits or preserved in sub-surface features/horizons. Lithic scatters can represent a palimpsest of activity, sometimes containing several technologies from different archaeological periods. Consequently, the value of lithic scatters as a source for investigating past behaviour has often been undervalued. However, in many cases, especially for sites dating from the Palaeolithic period through to the Bronze Age, lithic scatters are likely to represent the only available archaeological evidence of past human activity and subsistence strategies. By studying and understanding their formation, spatial distribution and technological attributes, we can get closer to understanding the activities of the people who created these artefacts. Lithic scatters are often perceived as being particularly problematic from a heritage resource and development management perspective, because the standard archaeological methodologies presently employed are often not sufficiently subtle to ensure their effective identification and characterisation (Last 2009). This can either lead to an unquantified loss of important archaeological evidence, or the under-estimation of the magnitude of a site’s scale and importance, leading to missed research opportunities or, in a planning/development context, potentially avoidable expense, delay and inconvenience. -
A Lesson in Stone: Examining Patterns of Lithic Resource Use and Craft-Learning in the Minas Basin Region of Nova Scotia By
A Lesson in Stone: Examining Patterns of Lithic Resource Use and Craft-learning in the Minas Basin Region of Nova Scotia By © Catherine L. Jalbert A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Department of Archaeology Memorial University of Newfoundland May 2011 St. John’s Newfoundland Abstract Examining the Late Woodland (1500-450 BP) quarry/workshop site of Davidson Cove, located in the Minas Basin region of Nova Scotia, a sample of debitage and a collection of stone implements appear to provide correlates of the novice and raw material production practices. Many researchers have hypothesized that lithic materials discovered at multiple sites within the region originated from the outcrop at Davidson Cove, however little information is available on lithic sourcing of the Minas Basin cherts. Considering the lack of archaeological knowledge concerning lithic procurement and production, patterns of resource use among the prehistoric indigenous populations in this region of Nova Scotia are established through the analysis of existing collections. By analysing the lithic materials quarried and initially reduced at the quarry/workshop with other contemporaneous assemblages from the region, an interpretation of craft-learning can be situated in the overall technological organization and subsistence strategy for the study area. ii Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to thank all those who made this thesis achievable. First and foremost, this thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and support provided by my supervisor, Dr. Michael Deal. His insight throughout the entire thesis process was invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. -
Materials, Productions, Exchange Network and Their Impact on the Societies of Neolithic Europe
Besse and Guilaine (eds) Materials, Productions, Exchange Network and their Impact on the Societies of Neolithic Europe and their Impact on the Societies Network Exchange Productions, Besse and Guilaine (eds) Materials, Materials, Productions, Exchange Network and their Impact on the Societies of Neolithic Europe Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1–7 September 2014, Burgos, Spain) Volume 13/Session A25a Edited by Marie Besse and Jean Guilaine Archaeopress Archaeology www.archaeopress.com Besse and Guilaine covert.indd 1 11/01/2017 13:48:20 Materials, Productions, Exchange Network and their Impact on the Societies of Neolithic Europe Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1–7 September 2014, Burgos, Spain) Volume 13/Session A25a Edited by Marie Besse and Jean Guilaine Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 524 7 ISBN 978 1 78491 525 4 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress, UISPP and authors 2017 VOLUME EDITORS: Marie Besse and Jean Guilaine SERIES EDITOR: The board of UISPP CO-EDITORS – Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva SERIES PROPERTY: UISPP – International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences Proceedings of the XVII World UISPP Congress, Burgos (Spain) September 1st - 7th 2014 KEY-WORDS IN THIS VOLUME: Neolithic, Europe, Materials, Productions, Exchange Networks UISPP PROCEEDINGS SERIES is a printed on demand and an open access publication, edited by UISPP through Archaeopress BOARD OF UISPP: Jean Bourgeois (President), Luiz Oosterbeek (Secretary-General), François Djindjian (Treasurer), Ya-Mei Hou (Vice President), Marta Arzarello (Deputy Secretary-General). -
Current Approaches to the Analysis and Interpretation of Small Lithic Sites in the Northeast the UNIVERSITY of the STATE of NEW YORK
Current Approaches to the Analysis and Interpretation of Small Lithic Sites in the Northeast THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of The University ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. Tonawanda MERRYL H. TISCH, Vice Chancellor, B.A., M.A. Ed.D. New York SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. New Rochelle JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. Peru ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. Syracuse GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. Belle Harbor ARNOLD B. GARDNER, B.A., LL.B. Buffalo HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. Hartsdale JOSEPH E. BOWMAN,JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D. Albany JAMES R. TALLON,JR., B.A., M.A. Binghamton MILTON L. COFIELD, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. Rochester ROGER B. TILLES, B.A., J.D. Great Neck KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A. Brooklyn NATALIE M. GOMEZ-VELEZ, B.A., J.D. Bronx CHARLES R. BENDIT,B.A. ............................................................................ NewYork President of The University and Commissioner of Education RICHARD P. MILLS Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Education JEFFREY W. CANNELL Director of the New York State Museum CLIFFORD A. SIEGFRIED Director, Research and Collections Division JOHN P. HART The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national ori- gin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this pub- lication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. -
Form and Function in the Lower Palaeolithic: History, Progress, and Continued Relevance
doi 10.4436/jass.95017 JASs Invited Reviews Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 95 (2017), pp. 67-108 Form and function in the Lower Palaeolithic: history, progress, and continued relevance Alastair J. M. Key1 & Stephen J. Lycett2 1) School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected] 2) Department of Anthropology (Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory), University at Buffalo, SUNY, Amherst, NY 14261, U.S.A. Summary - Percussively flaked stone artefacts constitute a major source of evidence relating to hominin behavioural strategies and are, essentially, a product or byproduct of a past individual’s decision to create a tool with respect to some broader goal. Moreover, it has long been noted that both differences and recurrent regularities exist within and between Palaeolithic stone artefact forms. Accordingly, archaeologists have frequently drawn links between form and functionality, with functional objectives and performance often being regarded consequential to a stone tool’s morphological properties. Despite these factors, extensive reviews of the related concepts of form and function with respect to the Lower Palaeolithic remain surprisingly sparse. We attempt to redress this issue. First we stress the historical place of form–function concepts, and their role in establishing basic ideas that echo to this day. We then highlight methodological and conceptual progress in determining artefactual function in more recent years. Thereafter, we evaluate four specific issues that are of direct consequence for evaluating the ongoing relevance of form–function concepts, especially with respect to their relevance for understanding human evolution more generally.