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Sicherung Der Interoperabilität Als Ziel Der Regulierung Der Rundfunkübertragung

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Sicherung Der Interoperabilität Als Ziel Der Regulierung Der Rundfunkübertragung Sicherung der Interoperabilität als Ziel der Regulierung der Rundfunkübertragung Mai 2009 Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie Klaus Merkel (IRT), Alexander Roßnagel/Alexander Scheuer/Sebastian Schweda (EMR) Unter Mitarbeit von Robert Sedlmeyer/Wolfgang Graf (IRT) und Julia Maus/Meike Ridinger (EMR) Sicherung der Interoperabilität als Ziel der Regulierung der Rundfunkübertragung Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie Klaus Merkel (IRT), Alexander Roßnagel/Alexander Scheuer/Sebastian Schweda (EMR) Unter Mitarbeit von Robert Sedlmeyer/Wolfgang Graf (IRT) und Julia Maus/Meike Ridinger (EMR) © 2009 Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH (IRT) Floriansmühlstr. 60 80939 München http://www.irt.de und Institut für Europäisches Medienrecht e.V. (EMR) Franz-Mai-Straße 6 66121 Saarbrücken http://www.emr-sb.de Sicherung der Interoperabilität als Ziel der Regulierung der Rundfunkübertragung Studie von IRT/EMR Inhalt EINLEITUNG/GEGENSTAND UND GANG DER UNTERSUCHUNG.............................................9 A. BESTANDSAUFNAHME UND ANALYSE DES STATUS QUO .............................................12 I. GESCHÄFTSMODELLE UND MARKTPARTNER ...........................................................................12 1. Interoperabilität in der analogen Rundfunkära......................................................................12 2. Der Marktstart des digitalen Fernsehens ...............................................................................15 3. Marktmodelle beim digitalen Fernsehen ................................................................................16 a) PayTV.............................................................................................................................................. 16 b) FreeTV............................................................................................................................................. 18 c) Interaktive Dienste ........................................................................................................................... 20 d) Video on Demand ............................................................................................................................ 22 4. Plattformen, Wettbewerb und Interoperabilität......................................................................23 a) Plattformen für digitales Fernsehen ................................................................................................. 23 b) Interoperabilität und Wettbewerb..................................................................................................... 26 II. TECHNISCHE GRUNDLAGEN ....................................................................................................35 1. Einführung in die Technik des digitalen Fernsehens..............................................................35 2. Standardisierung der Komponenten für das digitale Fernsehen ............................................37 3. Verschlüsselungssysteme ........................................................................................................39 a) Technik und Anwendung von Common Scrambling ....................................................................... 41 b) Technik und Anwendung des Common Interface ............................................................................ 46 4. API-Systeme............................................................................................................................48 5. Standards und Interoperabilität..............................................................................................54 III. DERZEITIGE REGULIERUNG DER INTEROPERABILITÄT UND IHRE ANWENDUNG.......................56 1. Interoperabilität im Telekommunikationsrecht.......................................................................56 a) Physische Schnittstellen an Endgeräten ........................................................................................... 57 aa) Analoge Fernsehempfangsgeräte ............................................................................................... 57 bb) Digitale Fernsehempfangsgeräte................................................................................................ 58 b) Interoperabilität durch Anwendungs-Programmierschnittstellen..................................................... 61 aa) Mindestanforderungen an APIs ................................................................................................. 61 bb) Zugangsrecht zu API-Informationen.......................................................................................... 63 c) Weiterverbreitungspflicht ................................................................................................................ 66 d) Verwürfelung/Verschlüsselung und Zugangsberechtigungssysteme................................................ 67 aa) Common Scrambling Algorithmus ............................................................................................ 68 bb) Zugangsberechtigungssysteme................................................................................................... 71 (1) Übergabe der Kontrollfunktionen (Transcontrol) ...................................................................... 72 (2) Lizenzerteilung .......................................................................................................................... 74 (3) Pflichten der Anbieter und Verwender von CAS....................................................................... 75 (4) Aufsichtsbehördliche Änderungs- und Aufhebungsbefugnis..................................................... 77 (5) Verfahren................................................................................................................................... 77 e) Allgemeines Zugangsregime............................................................................................................ 77 2. Interoperabilität im Rundfunkrecht ........................................................................................78 a) Abgrenzung der Gesetzgebungskompetenzen.................................................................................. 78 b) Regelungen im Rundfunkstaatsvertrag und Satzungsrecht .............................................................. 79 aa) Begriff des Plattformanbieters ................................................................................................... 80 bb) Plattformregulierung.................................................................................................................. 81 (1) Grundsatz der Chancengleichheit und Diskriminierungsfreiheit ............................................... 82 (2) Diskriminierungsverbot bei Zugangsdiensten (CAS, API, Benutzeroberflächen) ..................... 84 (3) Allgemeine Zugangs- und Weiterleitungspflichten.................................................................... 89 (4) Belegungsregelungen................................................................................................................. 89 (5) Entgelt- und Tarifkontrolle ........................................................................................................ 89 (6) Verfahren................................................................................................................................... 90 3. Regulierungsgrad in Bezug auf Interoperabilität ...................................................................90 a) Erfasste Regelungsgegenstände ....................................................................................................... 90 b) Praktische Anwendung .................................................................................................................... 94 4. EG-rechtliche Anforderungen an die Interoperabilität der Fernsehübertragung ..................95 a) Der „neue“ Rechtsrahmen im Vergleich zur Richtlinie über Normen für die Fernsehsignalübertragung ...................................................................................................................... 96 5 Sicherung der Interoperabilität als Ziel der Regulierung der Rundfunkübertragung Studie von IRT/EMR b) Entwicklungen bis zum Erlass der Richtlinie über Normen für die Signalübertragung ................... 97 aa) Zielbestimmungen der Regulierung der Fernsehübertragung .................................................... 97 bb) Verzahnung zwischen DVB-Arbeit und Entwicklung der neuen Richtlinie .............................. 98 c) Inhalt und Bewertung der Richtlinie über Normen für die Fernsehsignalübertragung................... 102 aa) Berichte der Kommission zu Inhalt und Umsetzung der Richtlinie ......................................... 103 (1) Erster Anwendungsbericht....................................................................................................... 103 (2) Bericht von 2001 über die Anwendung der Richtlinie............................................................. 111 (3) Erster Bericht nach Ablauf der Umsetzungsfrist für neuen Rechtsrahmen .............................. 114 bb) Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................... 115 d) Mitteilungen der Kommission zu interaktiven Fernsehdiensten (MHP) ........................................ 117 aa) Mitteilung aus dem Jahre 2004 ................................................................................................ 118 bb) Mitteilung aus dem Jahre 2006 ...............................................................................................
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