DOCSLIB.ORG

Feeding Selectivity of an Algivore (Tropheus Brichardi) in Lake Tanganyika

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2017 Feeding Selectivity of an Algivore (Tropheus brichardi) in Lake Tanganyika Robin Richardson-Coy Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Biology Commons Repository Citation Richardson-Coy, Robin, "Feeding Selectivity of an Algivore (Tropheus brichardi) in Lake Tanganyika" (2017). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1710. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1710 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FEEDING SELECTIVITY OF AN ALGIVORE (Tropheus brichardi) IN LAKE TANGANYIKA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science By ROBIN RICHARDSON-COY B.S., Wright State University, 2013 2017 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL January 5, 2017 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Robin Richardson-Coy ENTITLED Feeding Selectivity of an Algivore (Tropheus brichardi) in Lake Tanganyika BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Ph.D. Thesis Director David L. Goldstein, Ph.D. Chair, Department of Biological Sciences Committee on Final Examination James Amon, Ph.D. Volker Bahn, Ph.D. Rebecca Teed, Ph.D. Robert E. W. Fyffe, Ph.D. Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Richardson-Coy, Robin. M.S. Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 2017. Feeding Selectivity of an Algivore (Tropheus brichardi) in Lake Tanganyika. Algivorous fish remove attached algae (periphyton) from the benthos in near shore areas of lakes. Periphyton has a complex three-dimensional structure dominated by Bacillariophyta (diatoms), Chlorophyta (green algae), and Cyanophyta (cyanobacteria). These three phyla vary in nutritional quality with diatoms providing essential fatty acids that consumers need for growth and reproduction. Selection of specific phyla may be driven by nutritional quality or it may be a function accessibility due to both mouth morphology of the fish and location of the algae in the periphyton community. I investigated whether Tropheus brichardi, an algivorous cichlid of Lake Tanganyika, selectivity feeds on periphyton and how their herbivory affects the periphyton community composition. I found that T. brichardi slightly selects for diatoms although it is unclear if that selection is driven by nutritional quality or accessibility. This slight selection for diatoms did not appear to affect community composition of the periphyton. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES.........................................................................1 Algal community structure ......................................................................................1 Algivore feeding methods .......................................................................................4 Algal nutritional quality............................................................................................5 Effects of herbivory on community composition.....................................................6 Organism of study, Tropheus brichardi ..................................................................7 Objectives ................................................................................................................7 Hypothesis….……………..……………………………………………………….8 METHODS................................................................................................................... 9 Sample collection ................................................................................................... 9 Fish Denisty............................................................................................................ 9 Algae analysis........................................................................................................ 10 Mounting sample.......................................................................................... 10 Microscopic analysis.................................................................................... 10 Biovolume determination….……………………………………………….11 Data analysis……….……………………………………………………….13 Electivity calculation ……………...……………………………………….13 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................15 Relative abundance………….................................................................................15 Relative biovolume….………..…………………………………………………..16 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Electivity indices………………………………………………………………....17 Diatom relative abundance as a function of fish density……………..………….24 DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................26 CONCLUSION………..…………..…………………………………………………33 APPENDIX A………………………………………………………………………..34 REFERENCES……….………………………………………………………………37 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Community structure of benthic algae….................................................................3 2. Tightly packed fish teeth of T. moorii, a clipper ….…………………….…………5 3. Relative abundance for each phyla on full data set…...…………..……..………16 4. Relative biovolume for each phyla on genus subset samples …..…………….…17 5. Electivity calculated on relative abundance ….………………………………......18 6. Electivity calculated on biovolume ……..……………………………………….19 7. Relative abundance, excluding greens …….…..…………………………………21 8. Relative biovolume, excluding greens……….…………………………………..22 9. Electivity on relative abundance, excluding greens ……………………………23 10. Electivity on biovolume, excluding greens ………………………………………24 11. Relative abundance of diatoms as a function of fish density …….…………….. 25 12. Microscope field with large greens ……………………………….……………..27 13. Stalked Rhopalodia ……………………………………………….……………..31 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Biovolume calculations ……………..…...............................................................12 2. Mean values by cell count ……………………………………….………………20 3. Mean values by biovolume ………………………...……………………………20 Appendix Table A1. Relative abundance by count on full data set...…..……….……….…………... 34 A2. Relative biovolume on genus subset samples …….…..….………………..……34 A3. Relative biovolume on genus subset samples ………..…..…..…………………35 A4. Electivity on relative abundance on full data set ………….…………………..35 A5. Electivity on relative abundance on genus subset ………..….…………………36 A6. Electivity on biovolume on genus subset ………………….………..………….36 LIST OF EQUATIONS 1. Example biovolume calculation………..………………………………………...11 2. Alpha selectivity calculation…………………………………………………..…13 vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, for her patience, instruction, and support while guiding my research. I would like to thank Dr. Jim Amon, Dr. Volker Bahn, and Dr. Rebecca Teed for their service on my committee. Further thanks go to Dr. Renalda Munubi not only for collecting the samples and some of the data used in this research but also for her support, encouragement, and advice throughout this project. Thank you also to Dr. Rex Lowe, Dr. Paula Furey, and Leon Katona for assistance in identifying algal species that were particularly challenging. Thank you also to graduate students Hannah Fazekas and Mandy Salminen for their assistance and support on several aspects of this research. Lastly, I’d like to thank my husband, Gary Coy, and my many friends who have helped and encouraged me along the way. viii INTRODUCTION Herbivores reduce the absolute abundance of primary producers by removing biomass (Hairston et al. 1960, Ripple & Beschta 2012). Grazing also alters the proportions of species within the plant community, especially if grazers selectively feed on some species of primary producers (Ripple & Beschta 2012, Hillebrand 2003). Selectivity may be driven by morphological constraints of the consumer (Takamura 1984) or by nutritional quality of the primary producer (Liess et al. 2012, Larson et al. 2013). In aquatic ecosystems, selective grazing by algivores can alter the 3-dimensional structure of the micro-algal assemblage that grows on any surface that receives sufficient light for photosynthesis. We studied the selectivity of an algivorous fish and the effects of that top-down control on the algal community composition in the benthic near-shore area of oligotrophic Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. Freshwater benthic algal communities are primarily composed of three major phyla: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta (green algae) and Bacillariophyta (diatoms). These algae have diverse morphological structures and modes of attachment to the benthos. Benthic filamentous cyanobacteria such as those in the family Rivulariaceae form clumps or tufts, with individual filaments attached to the substrate via a basal heterocyte (Bellinger & Sigee 2008). Masses of filamentous cyanobacteria formed from genera in the family of Oscillatoriaceae are motile, so filaments can alternate between laying prostrate on the substrate or protruding vertically to control the amount of light they are 1 receiving (Fogg 2012). Small spherical cyanobacteria, both unicellular and colonial taxa, can be attached to directly
Recommended publications
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November

    §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November

    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
  • Comparison of Evolutionary Rates in the Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome B Gene and Control Region and Their Implications for Phylog

    Comparison of Evolutionary Rates in the Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome B Gene and Control Region and Their Implications for Phylog

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2006) 347–357 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Comparison of evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and control region and their implications for phylogeny of the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) Qiongying Tang a,b, Huanzhang Liu a,¤, Richard Mayden c, Bangxi Xiong b a Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, PR China b College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, Wuhan 430070, PR China c Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA Received 6 July 2005; revised 15 August 2005; accepted 18 August 2005 Available online 4 October 2005 Abstract It is widely accepted that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region evolves faster than protein encoding genes with few excep- tions. In the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and control region (CR) and compared their rates in 93 specimens representing 67 species of loaches and some related taxa in the Cobitoidea (Order Cypriniformes). The results showed that sequence divergences of the CR were broadly higher than those of the cyt b (about 1.83 times). However, in considering only closely related species, CR sequence evolution was slower than that of cyt b gene (ratio of CR/cyt b is 0.78), a pattern that is found to be very common in Cypriniformes. Combined data of the cyt b and CR were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationship of the Cobitoidea by maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and Bayesian methods.
  • Aggressive Behaviours of Territorial Cichlid Fishes Against Larger Heterospecific Intruders

    Aggressive Behaviours of Territorial Cichlid Fishes Against Larger Heterospecific Intruders

    African Swdy Monographs, 15(2): 69-75, October 1994 69 AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS OF TERRITORIAL CICHLID FISHES AGAINST LARGER HETEROSPECIFIC INTRUDERS Masanori KOHDA Laboratory of Animal Sociology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka City University Sima Keita l\1BOKO Centre de Recherche en Sciences Nature/les, Station d'Uvira ABSTRACT Aggressive behaviours at nesting territories of cichlid fishes were observ­ ed in Lake Tanganyika. Subject fishes were Neolamprologus toae, Tropheus moorii, Ophthalmotilapia nasutus, Limnotilapia dardennii and Petrochromis po/yodon. They attacked and repelled various sized heterospecific fishes from the territories. Against much larger intruders. the fishes quickly approached and pecked them. The larger fishes never con­ ducted counter-attack, and left the territories. Such pecking beha\iour was regarded as a kind of attack, but greatly different from attacks in interspecific territorialities of cichlids re­ ported hitherto, which are usually organized in size-dependent dominance relationships. This paper discusses the domination of the nesting territory owners in a context of 'sym­ metry' of territoriality. Key Words: Territorial behaviour: Domination; Nesting territory: Territorial mosaic. INTRODUCTION Tropical waters usually include large numbers of fish species. In such habitats. fishes develop a variety of interspecific relationships (Lowe-McConnell, 1987; Hori, 1987, 1991; Kohda. 199la, 1991b). among which interspecific territoriality is common and has been studied by many authors (Miller, 1978; Kohda. 1993). In­ terspecific feeding territories of herbivorous damselfishes or cichlid fishes, as well as intraspecific ones, are arranged in a territorial mosaic (Keenleyside. 1979) and are usually organized by size-dependent dominance relationships (Myrberg, 1972: Keenleyside, 1979; Kohda, 1991, 1993; Kohda & Yanagisawa.
  • A Functional-Morphological Study on the Attachment, Respiration and Feeding Mechanisms in Balitorinae (Balitoridae, Teleostei)

    A Functional-Morphological Study on the Attachment, Respiration and Feeding Mechanisms in Balitorinae (Balitoridae, Teleostei)

    Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology Research group: Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Academic year 2012-2013 A functional-morphological study on the attachment, respiration and feeding mechanisms in Balitorinae (Balitoridae, Teleostei) De Meyer Jens Supervisor: Dr. Tom Geerinckx Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of Tutor: Dr. Tom Geerinckx Master in Biology II © Faculty of Sciences – Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Deze masterproef bevat vertrouwelijk informatie en vertrouwelijke onderzoeksresultaten die toebehoren aan de UGent. De inhoud van de masterproef mag onder geen enkele manier publiek gemaakt worden, noch geheel noch gedeeltelijk zonder de uitdrukkelijke schriftelijke voorafgaandelijke toestemming van de UGent vertegenwoordiger, in casu de promotor. Zo is het nemen van kopieën of het op eender welke wijze dupliceren van het eindwerk verboden, tenzij met schriftelijke toestemming. Het niet respecteren van de confidentiële aard van het eindwerk veroorzaakt onherstelbare schade aan de UGent. Ingeval een geschil zou ontstaan in het kader van deze verklaring, zijn de rechtbanken van het arrondissement Gent uitsluitend bevoegd daarvan kennis te nemen. All rights reserved. This thesis contains confidential information and confidential research results that are property to the UGent. The contents of this master thesis may under no circumstances be made public, nor complete or partial, without the explicit and preceding permission of the UGent representative, i.e. the supervisor. The thesis may under no circumstances be copied or duplicated in any form, unless permission granted in written form. Any violation of the confidential nature of this thesis may impose irreparable damage to the UGent. In case of a dispute that may arise within the context of this declaration, the Judicial Court of© All rights reserved.
  • Aggression Heuristics Underlie Animal Dominance Hierarchies and Provide Evidence of Group-Level Social Information

    Aggression Heuristics Underlie Animal Dominance Hierarchies and Provide Evidence of Group-Level Social Information

    Aggression heuristics underlie animal dominance hierarchies and provide evidence of group-level social information Elizabeth A. Hobsona,b,*, Dan Mønsterc,d,e, and Simon DeDeob,f aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA bSanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM USA cInteracting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark dSchool of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark eCognition and Behavior Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark fSocial and Decision Sciences, Dietrich College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Members of a social species need to make appropriate decisions about who, how, and when to interact with others in their group. However, it has been difficult for researchers to detect the inputs to these decisions and, in particular, how much information individuals actually have about their social context. We present a new method that can serve as a social assay to quantify how patterns of aggression depend upon information about the ranks of individuals within social dominance hierarchies. Applied to existing data on aggression in 172 social groups across 85 species in 23 orders, it reveals three main patterns of rank-dependent social dominance: the downward heuristic (aggress uniformly against lower-ranked opponents), close competitors (aggress against opponents ranked slightly below self), and bullying (aggress against opponents ranked much lower than self). The majority of the groups (133 groups, 77%) follow a downward heuristic, but a significant minority (38 groups, 22%) show more complex social dominance patterns (close competitors or bullying) consistent with higher levels of social information use.
  • Banggai Cardinalfish ([I]Pterapogon Kauderni[I])

    Banggai Cardinalfish ([I]Pterapogon Kauderni[I])

    1 Banggai cardinalfish ( Pterapogon kauderni ) populations (stocks) around Banggai Island, 2 a geometric and classical morphometric approach 1 2 3 Samliok Ndobe and Abigail Moore 4 1 Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, 5 Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 6 2 Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan (STPL), Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Email: 7 [email protected] 8 Corresponding author: Abigail M. Moore s t n 9 Postal Address: Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan (STPL), Kampus Madani, i r P 10 Jl Soekarno-Hatta km6, Palu 94118, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia e r 11 Telephone (office): +62 451 4709936 P 12 Email: [email protected] 13 ABSTRACT 14 Background. The identification and characterisation of appropriate management units 15 (stocks) is important as a basis for responsible fisheries management as well as conservation 16 of within species biodiversity. The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni (F.P. 17 Koumans,1933), a mouthbrooding apogonid with Endangered status (IUCN Red List) has 18 been shown to have a high level of genetic population structure across the endemic 19 distribution in the Banggai Archipelago. With a life-cycle making recovery frrm extirpation 20 extremely unlikely, this indicates a need to conserve each reproductively isolated population 21 (stock), in particular to support zonation of Banggai Island in the context of the proposed 22 district marine protected area. Genetic and morphological variations are often but not always 23 related, and ideally both should be used in stock identification. However there were no data 24 on classical or geometric morphometric characteristics of P. kauderni populations. PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.182v1 | CC-BY 3.0 Open Access | received: 30 Dec 2013, published: 30 Dec 2013 1 25 Methods.
  • Four New Records of Fish Species (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae

    Four New Records of Fish Species (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae

    Zoological Research 35 (1): 51−58 DOI:10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2014.1.051 Four new records of fish species (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae, Balitoridae; Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) and corrections of two misidentified fish species (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae; Beloniformes: Belonidae) in Yunnan, China Marco Endruweit* Qingshan Road 601, Qingdao, China Abstract: In this study, six fish species of five families are reported for the first time from Yunnan Province, China. The nemacheilid Schistura amplizona Kottelat, 2000 is reported from the Luosuojiang River and Nanlahe River subbasins, Mekong basin; the prochilodontid Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837), the balitorid Vanmanenia serrilineata Kottelat, 2000, and the tetraodontid Monotrete turgidus Kottelat, 2000, from Nanlahe River subbasin, Mekong basin; the balitorid Beaufortia daon (Mai, 1978), and the belonid Xenentodon canciloides (Bleeker, 1854), both, from Black River subbasin, Red River basin. The freshwater puffer M. turgidus and the needlefish X. canciloides have been previously misidentified as Tetraodon leiurus (Bleeker, 1950) and Tylosurus strongylurus (van Hasselt, 1823), respectively. Keywords: New record; Misidentification; Mekong basin; Red River; Yunnan Yunnan Province is located in the Southwest within Chen et al in 1989, respectively 1990 for the second the People’s Republic of China. Its name refers to its volume, giving 226 species and subspecies accounts in location south of the Yunling Mountain range. It shares the first volume plus an additional 173 in the second. international border with Myanmar in the West and Through extensive fieldwork and re-evaluation of Southwest, with Laos and Vietnam in the South; national institutionally stored lots the number of Yunnanese fish borders with Xizang Autonomous Region to the species is growing (for e.g.
  • Genome Sequences of Tropheus Moorii and Petrochromis Trewavasae, Two Eco‑Morphologically Divergent Cichlid Fshes Endemic to Lake Tanganyika C

    Genome Sequences of Tropheus Moorii and Petrochromis Trewavasae, Two Eco‑Morphologically Divergent Cichlid Fshes Endemic to Lake Tanganyika C

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genome sequences of Tropheus moorii and Petrochromis trewavasae, two eco‑morphologically divergent cichlid fshes endemic to Lake Tanganyika C. Fischer1,2, S. Koblmüller1, C. Börger1, G. Michelitsch3, S. Trajanoski3, C. Schlötterer4, C. Guelly3, G. G. Thallinger2,5* & C. Sturmbauer1,5* With more than 1000 species, East African cichlid fshes represent the fastest and most species‑rich vertebrate radiation known, providing an ideal model to tackle molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent adaptive diversifcation. We add high‑quality genome reconstructions for two phylogenetic key species of a lineage that diverged about ~ 3–9 million years ago (mya), representing the earliest split of the so‑called modern haplochromines that seeded additional radiations such as those in Lake Malawi and Victoria. Along with the annotated genomes we analysed discriminating genomic features of the study species, each representing an extreme trophic morphology, one being an algae browser and the other an algae grazer. The genomes of Tropheus moorii (TM) and Petrochromis trewavasae (PT) comprise 911 and 918 Mbp with 40,300 and 39,600 predicted genes, respectively. Our DNA sequence data are based on 5 and 6 individuals of TM and PT, and the transcriptomic sequences of one individual per species and sex, respectively. Concerning variation, on average we observed 1 variant per 220 bp (interspecifc), and 1 variant per 2540 bp (PT vs PT)/1561 bp (TM vs TM) (intraspecifc). GO enrichment analysis of gene regions afected by variants revealed several candidates which may infuence phenotype modifcations related to facial and jaw morphology, such as genes belonging to the Hedgehog pathway (SHH, SMO, WNT9A) and the BMP and GLI families.
  • Towards a Regional Information Base for Lake Tanganyika Research

    Towards a Regional Information Base for Lake Tanganyika Research

    RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/Ol(En) TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/01 (En) January 1992 TOWARDS A REGIONAL INFORMATION BASE FOR LAKE TANGANYIKA RESEARCH by J. Eric Reynolds FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, January 1992 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (Tanganyika Research) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA). This project aims at the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Tanzania, Zaïre and Zambia). Particular attention will be also given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the buildup of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned.
  • Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: an Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid Biodiversity

    Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: an Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid Biodiversity

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: An Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid Biodiversity Maarten Van Steenberge1,2,3*, Antoine Pariselle4¤a, Tine Huyse1,2, Filip A. M. Volckaert2, Jos Snoeks1,2, Maarten P. M. Vanhove1,2,5¤b 1 Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, 2 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 3 Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 4 Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, IRD-CNRS-Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 5 Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece ¤a Current address: IRD, ISE-M, Yaoundé, Cameroon ¤b Current address: Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Van Steenberge M, Pariselle A, Huyse T, Abstract Volckaert FAM, Snoeks J, Vanhove MPM (2015) Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: The unparalleled biodiversity of Lake Tanganyika (Africa) has fascinated biologists for over An Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid a century; its unique cichlid communities are a preferred model for evolutionary research. Biodiversity. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0124474. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124474 Although species delineation is, in most cases, relatively straightforward, higher-order clas- sifications were shown not to agree with monophyletic groups. Here, traditional morphologi- Academic Editor: Robert Guralnick, University of Colorado, UNITED STATES cal methods meet their limitations. A typical example are the tropheine cichlids currently belonging to Simochromis and Pseudosimochromis. The affiliations of these widespread Received: August 19, 2014 and abundant cichlids are poorly understood.
  • View/Download

    View/Download

    CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 5) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 10.0 - 11 May 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 5 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 5 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Palaeoplex through Yssichromis) Palaeoplex Schedel, Kupriyanov, Katongo & Schliewen 2020 palaeoplex, a key concept in geoecodynamics representing the total genomic variation of a given species in a given landscape, the analysis of which theoretically allows for the reconstruction of that species’ history; since the distribution of P. palimpsest is tied to an ancient landscape (upper Congo River drainage, Zambia), the name refers to its potential to elucidate the complex landscape evolution of that region via its palaeoplex Palaeoplex palimpsest Schedel, Kupriyanov, Katongo & Schliewen 2020 named for how its palaeoplex (see genus) is like a palimpsest (a parchment manuscript page, common in medieval times that has been overwritten after layers of old handwritten letters had been scraped off, in which the old letters are often still visible), revealing how changes in its landscape and/or ecological conditions affected gene flow and left genetic signatures by overwriting the genome several times, whereas remnants of more ancient genomic signatures still persist in the background; this has led to contrasting hypotheses regarding this cichlid’s phylogenetic position Pallidochromis Turner 1994 pallidus, pale, referring to pale coloration of all specimens observed at the time; chromis, a name
  • Evolution and Phylogenetic Application of the MC1R Gene in the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

    Evolution and Phylogenetic Application of the MC1R Gene in the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

    ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH Evolution and phylogenetic application of the MC1R gene in the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) Qiong-Ying TANG1,*, Li-Xia SHI1,2, Fei LIU1, Dan YU1, Huan-Zhang LIU1,* 1 The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Fish of the superfamily Cobitoidea sensu stricto (namely loaches) exhibit extremely high diversity of The superfamily Cobitoidea is a group of small- to medium- color patterns, but so far little is known about their sized benthic fish, composed of approximately 28% of species evolutionary mechanism. Melanocortin 1 receptor of the order Cypriniformes, which is the largest group of gene (MC1R) plays an important role during the freshwater fish in the world (Nelson et al., 2016). Depending on synthesis of melanin and formation of animal body different authors, Cobitoidea includes variable families. Bohlen color patterns. In this study, we amplified and sequenced the partial MC1R gene for 44 loach & Šlechtová (2009) and Chen et al. (2009) congruently individuals representing 31 species of four families. recognized the genus Ellopostoma as a distinct new family Phylogenetic analyses yielded a topology congruent Ellopostomatidae, and proposed that Cobitoidea is composed with previous studies using multiple nuclear loci, of eight families (Catostomidae, Gyrinocheilidae, Botiidae, showing that each of the four families was Vaillantellidae, Cobitidae, Ellopostomatidae, Nemacheilidae and monophyletic with sister relationships of Botiidae+ Balitoridae). Kottelat (2012) raised genera Serpenticobitis and (Cobitidae+(Balitoridae+Nemacheilidae)). Gene Barbucca to family rank, and established Serpenticobitidae and evolutionary analyses indicated that MC1R in Barbuccidae.