J. Plytol. Res. l9Q):209-214,2N6 THE FLORAL ANATOMY OF YACCA GLORIOSAL. (AGAVACEAE) WITH A NOTE ON TAXONOMIC POSITION OF TIIE GEIYUS
D-1,. PATIL and RM.PAIT P.G.Department of Botany, S.S.V.PS's L.K.Dr.PR.Ghogrry sciencc college, Dhule-424005, tndia. '24, Swanandnagar, Ncar Chetananagar, Aurangabad-43|oo5, lndia.
The floral anato my gf Yu:ca gtoriosa L. is presented. The outer florat whorls are shortly adnate to the base ofovary. This is inferred as a trend towards the developmurt ofan inferior ovary. The fiicarpellary syncarpous g/noecium is unilocular in the basal part and trilocular upwards. The placenAtion in the basal part though appears parietal, it is transitional leading to the axile type in the upper part ofthe ovary. The carpets are basically 5-traced. The association of the placental bundles with the septal nectaries is reiterated. The extension ofthe rcsidual placental bundles in the styte is phylogenetically insignificant. The outer and inner perianth segments are S-traced and 3-traced respeciively. The stamens are l-traced organs. Placement ofthe genus Yucca under the Agavaceae isjustified on various grounds.
Keywords : Floral anatomy; Taxonomy; Yucca glorioso.
Introduction MS, OS and D strands, another divides into the MS and positio-n Systematic of the genus Yucca has been much OS-D bundles with the latter splitting quickly inro the debated in the various contemporary systems of plantr{2. constituent strands (Fig.4), MP-IS bundles separate out lnthe earlidir communicalions, the floral anatomyofsome intorthrreomponedt strands a little upwards (Fig.5). The agavoids was describedrr-r8. This paper presents results laterals of the sepals and the petals divide repeatedly in of floral anatomical study of Yucca gloriosa L. with a their upward coune (Figs.4-5.). view shed to more light on its taxonomy. The,perianth members and the stamens are Mittrialand Methods adnate to firt base of the ovary for a very short distance The fixed flowering material of Yucca gloriosa L. was (Fig.6). They separate from the latter in quick succession. dehydrated, infiltrated and embedded by customary At the level of insertion, the outer perianth segments methods. The serial transactions (10-15 microns in receive 20-25 bundles, whereas the innerones receive only thickness) were stained with'crystal violet using 6-10 bundles (Fig.6). The median and ttre lateral bundles erythrosine as counter - stain. Sketches were drawn from of both the whorls of the perianth divide many times to cameralucida- increase the number upwards (Fig.7). The outer perianth Observations segments arc more prominent (Fig.7). A central group ofabout l2-15 prominent vascular bundles The six stamens are adnate for short length with sunounded by numerous unequl-sized, often tiny, bundles the inner whorls ofperian& (Fig.6). The filaments are broad extended in the pedicel (Fig. I ). Upwards, the central $oup and flat at the base and narrow down considerabty of bundles shift outwards and anastomose with the upwards. Each filament contains single vascutar bundle surrounding ones. From these branching bundles, six which extends into the connective without a division shands shift outward and extend as the LS bundles (Figs.2- (Figs.7-8) and ends beneath the tip oftlre anther (Fig.9). 3). A little upwards, the compound MS-OS-D strands in The stamens are simultaneously antheriferous (Fig.g) and the postero-lateral and anterior positions and the MP-IS are more or less ofthe same length (Fig.9). The anthers are strands on the altemating radii, and the LS-LP bundles dorsifixed, introrse and dithecous (Fig.8). The anthers emerge out (Fig.4). Many bundles simultaneously shift show short non-vascular crest (Fig.9). inwards and these are the placental bundtes (Fig.3-5). The ovary is unilocular for a short lengtr in its The fusion of principal bundles of the floral basal part and tilocular upwards (Fig.C9). hr dre unilocular whorls to develop compound cords is for a short length. zone, the ovules appear to arise laterally alongside the It is also not ofthe same degree, particularly in the case of septa (Fig.6), whereas they are bome on a{le.placenta in the MSOS-D bundles. While one bundle splits into the its upper filocular part (Figs. 7-9). The numerous placental
XD 2to Patil & Pai
bundles in the center beneath the ovary resolve into six are basically S-Eaced, whereas the inner segments have bundles in the ovuliferous zone. These bear traces to the basically 3-traced supply. CarpentefT described s-traced ovules (Figs.6-9). In the unilocular zone, two ventral outer and 3-traced inner segmenls in Urginea. Vaikosr bundles are within each septum and these bear traces to observed both l-traced and 3-traced condition in other the ovules ofadjacent carpels (Fig.6). In the trilocular species of the same genus. Also, he noticed further part, the ventrals ofa carpel gfadually occupy a position increase on account ofthe development and branching of opposite to the loculus and bear traces to the ovules of the lateral bundles. These authors contended that therc that carpel (Figs. 7-9). The ventrals are inversely oriented. is an elaboration in the vascular supply to the perianth The outer floral whorls are adnate to the base ofthe ovary - ratherihan a reduction. Theinerease in nurnber of bundles for a short length (Fig.6). Within the ovary wall, the may not be considered in any other wayr72t. carpellary donals bear lateral branches.on either side which The androecium comprises six stamens. They establish as the median laterals of the carpels (Figs.7-9). are slightly adnate to the base of the inner perianth The median laterals extend and end in the basal partofthe members and receive a l-traced vascular supply. The sryle (Fig.l l). dithecous anthers are dorsifixed and introrse. The The ovarian loculi continue into the style as three connective is prolonged beyond anther in a short non- canals (Fig.l0) which merge into a triradiate stylar canal vascular crest. Taxonomic description5 t :'r's' I r do not make towards the middle of length of the style (Fig.l l). The a reference to the occurrence of an anther crest in the carpellary dorsals, median laterals and the branches ofthe' taxon. The prolongation of the connective sometimes carpellary ventrals extend into the style (Fig. l0). The thought as a less specialized condition2e, does not appear former continue upto the stigm4 whereas,Jhe lafter two to be ofparticular phylogenetic significance as it occurs end at various levels in the style (Fig.l I ). The style ends sporadically in most monocotyledonsri-r8. in three stigmatic lobes (Fig.l2), each of which further The ovarian nectarines are.typically septal spl its into two (Fig. I 3). The carpellary dorsals end beneath glands. They are developed towards the middle of the the stigmatic lobes (Fig. l2). The style is longer than the Iength ofovary and open at base ofthe style. The'placental stamens (Fig.l3). The stylarcanal is lined with transmitting bundles which give rise to ovular traces also bear off- tissue. branches into the septa which extend alongside the The septal nectaries are developed towards the nectaries and can be said ttrat they are associated with middle of the ovuliferous zone{Fig.7). The carpellary them in their functionr3'3G'36. Theextensio*n of the residual ventrals bear branches which extend alongside them placental bundles into the style is sometimes regarded as (Figs.7-8). The ovary wall develops three grooves a primitive feature34'36. In Agavaceae it d6es not appear to opposite to the nectarines into which they open at the be' so as it is common in all the tribes studiedri'r8. base ofthe style (Fig. I 0). The genus has been variously treated in Discussion contemporary taxonomic systemsr-r2. However, in a number The vascular anatomy of the flower presents some of characters like arborescent habit, secondary thickening interesting features of morphological significance. The growth in stem, and xeric habitat, in outer floral whorls are adnate to the base ofovary for a cytologyrT-3e, in embryologyre' 40, in palynolog/', in short distance. Such adnation is also observed in other chemistry4, in vegetative an&tomy'tt'r:-rs, I/acca resembles species of the same genusrl. This feature occurs the tribe Agaveaer!. The floral anatomical features of sporadically in taxa ofthe Liliflorae2o'a and represents a Yucca are also similar to it. The origin of the lateral traces trend towards development ofan inferiorovary. Taxonomic to the perianth members from a common commissural accounts describe the ovary as trilocular and the bundle, dorsifixed and ihtrorse-anthers, occurrence of placentation as axile in Yuccat.z'tz. The present study septal nectaries, ovules many per locule and trend towards reveats that initiallythe placentae in the taxon do not meet the development of an inferior ovary etc. ally the genus in the center to render the ovary unilocular. They do so in with the Agayeae studiedra'rire,s. Wundelichre also noted the upper half to result in loculation of the ovary. This is, adnations of outer floral whorls to the ovary. She has not however, not very significant and occurs in many recognized a separate tribe for the genus. Present authors monocotyledons. Puri:5:6 refers to such a situation {rs a concur with her standpoint and consider the taxon as the 'Spatial Problem.". The vasculature is indicative of a fact least specialized genus ofthe Agaveae underAgavaceae. that the parietal.placentation in the basal part ofovary is This may be supported by occurrence of ruminate transitional leadingto the axile type. endosperm in Yucca, a feather often thought primitive{. The sixmembers ofthe perianth are in two whorls Mekelvey and Sa,r's37 inference Mexico as a common c€nter ofthree each. They are free. The outer perianth members of their origin and Joshi and Pantulu'ssr view of their J P Wd. Res. l9{2) : 2W2l 4, 20o6
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'0 o,, Yucca Etoriosa L. B* from base of flower upto tip' Figs.6-13. Transections .- ..r. . qremt a : of a Petal; LSr e : Lateralr Tracerrace ofnf a Sepal; LS-LP Dorsal; rs , inne.stu*inal Strand; iF , ut"'ut Trace (D : Carpellary : Median Bundle of a Petal- peta; t f"f"Oi* B1ryfle-oia Petal; MP-IS Trace of a Sepal-cui-i","4 fru"" of f"fp Lateral rtasosg bundle of a sepal-cum'outer staminal Cum-lnner Staminat Stand; MS : Median Bunar" tl"i"pa; ry1aian Strand; oS-D : outer staminal strand{um{arpellary stand-cum-carpe,ury ooioi;-N', N."r.ry; os , ouioiti*inal : stvle) ylar canal; : Samen; srG : stigma; STY Dorsal; pL : placentiat a;rdtl, sc t i sr J. P lrytot. Res. l9Q) : 2@-21 4, 2006 2t3 derivation from a common ancesfal liliamous ' stock rypears 19. lWunderlich R l95O Die Agavaceae Hutchinson's amplyjustified. . ! in lic{rte ihereranbryolgie, itri gynozeunt steublatt- Acknowtedgement and blattbaues . o*.noi z1sl1 tii-soz, I am thanldrl to ProfDr.R.M.pai, Ex-Head, p.G .Departnqrt 20. 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