DOCSLIB.ORG

Burdock / Rock of Polypody

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Burdock / Rock of Polypody Léo Désilets Master Herbalist 35, Victoria West, Scotstown, QC, J0B 3B0 (819) 657-4733 • leo-desilets.com BURDOCK / ROCK OF POLYPODY Traditionally used in herbal medicine as an alterative to help eliminate toxins via the kidneys, skin, and mucus membranes. Traditionally used in herbal medecine to induce sweating. Product number........................................... NPN 80044631 Dosage form ................................................... Capsule Quantity........................................................... 90 Active ingredients .............................. Burdock and Rock of Polypody Dosage ................... Respectively (5:1, DHE 1500 mg) 300 mg and 102 mg Arctium lappa Therapeutic indications In China, India, and North America (among Native Americans), Burdock has been used as a • Traditionally used in herbal medicine medicinal plant to treat a number of ailments, including respiratory tract infections and joint as an alterative to help eliminate toxins pain. Traditionally, Burdock was used to cleanse the body of impurities in the prevention of via the kidneys, skin, and mucus illnesses. membranes. • Traditionally used in herbal medecine Polypodium vulgare to induce sweating. Rock of Polypody has long been used to combat kidney stones, bladder infections, immune Burdock / Rock of Polypody capsules system problems, and disorders of the respiratory tract. It acts as an antibacterial, antiviral, are formulated to detoxify the body and to help eliminate accumulated and anti-hepatotoxic agent and as a light diuretic. It helps combat problems of the bladder toxins. The recommended dosage is and kidneys. 2 to 3 capsules per day. Arctium lappa Polypodium vulgare USDA Classification1 Classification USDA1 Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Class: Magnoliopsida Class: Filicopsida Order: Asterales Order: Polypodiales Family: Asteraceae Family: Polypodiaceae Genus: Arctium L. Genus: Polypodium Species: Arctium lappa L. Species: Polypodium vulgare Medicinal ingredients: Arctium lappa, (5:1, DHE 1500 mg) 300.0 mg Polypodium vulgare : 102.0 mg Non-medicinal ingredients: Cellulose, Magnesium stearate, Gelatin. The Burdock / Rock of Polypody product from Léo Désilets Maître Herboriste is available in capsule form, containing the equivalent of 1500 mg of Burdock and 102 mg of Rock of Polypody. The recommended dosage is 3 capsules per day, for a total intake of 4.5 g of Burdock and 306 mg of Rock of Polypody. Precautions and warnings • Consult a health care practitioner before using if you suffer from diabetes. • Consult a health care practitioner before using if you are breastfeeding. • Consult a health care practitioner before using if symptoms persist or worsen. Contraindications • Do not use if you are pregnant. • Do not use if you are allergic to Asteraceae, daisies, or their compounds. Léo Désilets Master Herbalist Known undesirable effects is an entirely Quebec owned and operated • Hypersensitivity or an allergic reaction can occur. If such is the case, discontinue use. natural products firm based in Scot- stown in the Eastern Townships. It be- gan operations in 1974 when the found- er launched his premier product: Balsam Fir Gum Our production methods meet the re- quirements and quality standards of Health Canada’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). We produce a wide range of natural health and skincare products, which are available through our website as well as most natural health stores and some pharmacies. Our mission: to offer high quality natural health and skincare products to help you take care of your health in a natural way..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spores of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae): Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses
    Grana, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2016.1184307 Spores of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae): morphometric and phylogenetic analyses VALENTINA RAMÍREZ-VALENCIA1,2 & DAVID SANÍN 3 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Center of Tropical Paleocology and Arqueology, Grupo de Investigación en Agroecosistemas y Conservación de Bosques Amazonicos-GAIA, Ancón Panamá, Republic of Panama, 2Laboratorio de Palinología y Paleoecología Tropical, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, 3Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia Caquetá, Colombia Abstract The morphometry and sculpture pattern of Serpocaulon spores was studied in a phylogenetic context. The species studied were those used in a published phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast DNA regions. Four additional Polypodiaceae species were examined for comparative purposes. We used scanning electron microscopy to image 580 specimens of spores from 29 species of the 48 recognised taxa. Four discrete and ten continuous characters were scored for each species and optimised on to the previously published molecular tree. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that verrucae width/verrucae length and verrucae width/spore length index and outline were the most important morphological characters. The first two axes explain, respectively, 56.3% and 20.5% of the total variance. Regular depressed and irregular prominent verrucae were present in derived species. However, the morphology does not support any molecular clades. According to our analyses, the evolutionary pathway of the ornamentation of the spores is represented by depressed irregularly verrucae to folded perispore to depressed regular verrucae to irregularly prominent verrucae. Keywords: character evolution, ferns, eupolypods I, canonical correspondence analysis useful in phylogenetic analyses of several other Serpocaulon is a fern genus restricted to the tropics groups of ferns (Wagner 1974; Pryer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypodium Vulgare L.: Polyphenolic Profile, Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotective Properties in Different Cell Lines
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 14 May 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0351.v1 Article Polypodium vulgare L.: polyphenolic profile, cytotoxicity and cytoprotective properties in different cell lines Adrià Farràs1,2, Víctor López2,4, Filippo Maggi3, Giovani Caprioli3, M.P. Vinardell1, Montserrat Mitjans1* 1Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (P.V.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, 50830 Spain; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (V.L.) 3School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (G.C.) 4Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Pteridophytes, represented by ferns and allies, are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms). Ferns have evolved independently of any other species in the plant kingdom being its secondary metabolism a reservoir of phytoconstituents characteristic of this taxon. The study of the possible medicinal uses of Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae), PV, has increased particularly when in 2008 the European Medicines Agency published a monograph about the rhizome of this species. Thus, our objective is to provide scientific knowledge on the methanolic extract from the fronds of P. vulgare L., one of the main ferns described in the Prades Mountains, to contribute to the validation of certain traditional uses. Specifically, we have characterized the methanolic extract of PV fronds (PVM) by HPLC-DAD and investigated its potential cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, ROS production and protective effects against oxidative stress by using in vitro methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypodiaceae (PDF)
    This PDF version does not have an ISBN or ISSN and is not therefore effectively published (Melbourne Code, Art. 29.1). The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 June 2013. Zhang, X. C., S. G. Lu, Y. X. Lin, X. P. Qi, S. Moore, F. W. Xing, F. G. Wang, P. H. Hovenkamp, M. G. Gilbert, H. P. Nooteboom, B. S. Parris, C. Haufler, M. Kato & A. R. Smith. 2013. Polypodiaceae. Pp. 758–850 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. POLYPODIACEAE 水龙骨科 shui long gu ke Zhang Xianchun (张宪春)1, Lu Shugang (陆树刚)2, Lin Youxing (林尤兴)3, Qi Xinping (齐新萍)4, Shannjye Moore (牟善杰)5, Xing Fuwu (邢福武)6, Wang Faguo (王发国)6; Peter H. Hovenkamp7, Michael G. Gilbert8, Hans P. Nooteboom7, Barbara S. Parris9, Christopher Haufler10, Masahiro Kato11, Alan R. Smith12 Plants mostly epiphytic and epilithic, a few terrestrial. Rhizomes shortly to long creeping, dictyostelic, bearing scales. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, mostly simple to pinnatifid or 1-pinnate (uncommonly more divided); stipes cleanly abscising near their bases or not (most grammitids), leaving short phyllopodia; veins often anastomosing or reticulate, sometimes with included veinlets, or veins free (most grammitids); indument various, of scales, hairs, or glands. Sori abaxial (rarely marginal), orbicular to oblong or elliptic, occasionally elongate, or sporangia acrostichoid, sometimes deeply embedded, sori exindusiate, sometimes covered by cadu- cous scales (soral paraphyses) when young; sporangia with 1–3-rowed, usually long stalks, frequently with paraphyses on sporangia or on receptacle; spores hyaline to yellowish, reniform, and monolete (non-grammitids), or greenish and globose-tetrahedral, trilete (most grammitids); perine various, usually thin, not strongly winged or cristate.
    [Show full text]
  • Samambaia - the Future Focus for Indian Researchers in the Treatment of Psoriasis
    Thai J. Pharm. Sci. 31 (2007) 45-51 45 Review article Samambaia - The future focus for Indian researchers in the treatment of psoriasis Kuntal Das* and John Wilking Einstein St. Johnûs Pharmacy College Research Wings, #6, Vijayanagar, II Main, II Stage, R.P.C Layout, Bangalore-560 040. India. *Corresponding Author. E-mail address: titu›[email protected] Abstract: Psoriasis is an issue of global and national public health concern. The traditional use of medicinal plants to treat this disease is widespread throughout India. The present review is an attempt for the beneficial effect of the South American originated fern Polypodium species which are used traditionally for various anomalies in health including Psoriasis condition. This review article has focused on the role of Polypodium species for the health management in India. Keywords: Polypodium; Psoriasis 46 K. Das and J. W. Einstein Introduction Spanish-speaking tropical countries, the plant is known as calaguala. Different species of this genus mainly Psoriasis is a non-contagious skin disorder that Polypodium decumanum, P. leucotomos and P. aureum most commonly appears as inflamed swollen skin are in great demand. They survive under wet rainy lesions covered with silvery white scale. Among various seasons growing over the top of palm trees. There have types of psoriasis, there is plaque psoriasis, character- been steady accumulations of information regarding ized by raised, inflamed (red) lesions. The scale is clinical trails for the psoriasis treatment of this Polypodium actually a buildup of dead skin cells. There is also species. The plant extract has been generally used guttate psoriasis characterized by small red dots of for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and skin psoriasis, which may have some scales.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Mediterranea 26
    FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Taxonomic Changes for Oregon Ferns and Fern Allies
    Literature Cited Greenland. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Ayensu E.S. and R.A. DeFilipps. 1978. Endangered and Peck, M.E. 1954. Notes on certain Oregon plants with descrip- Threatened Plants of the United States. Smithsonian Institu- tion of new varieties. Leaflets of Western Botany 7(7): 177-200. tion and World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C. 1978. 403 pp. Peck, M.E. 1961. A Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon. Binford and Mort, Portland, Oregon. 936 pp. Barneby, R.L. 1964. Atlas of the North American Astragalus. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 13, Part I- Schaack, C.O. 1983. A monographic revision of the genera II. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. Synthyris and Besseya (Scrophulariaceae). Ph.D. diss., Univ. Montana, Missoula. Chambers, K.L. 1989. Taxonomic relationships of Allocarya corallicarpa (Boraginaceae). Madrono 36(4): 280-282. Siddall, J.L., K.1. Chambers, and D.H. Wagner. 1979. Rare, threatened and endangered vascular plants in Oregon — an Garcon, J.G. 1986. Report on the status of Arenaria frank/inn interim report. Oregon Natural Area Preserves Advisory Corn- Dougl. ex Hook var. thornpsonii Peck. Unpubl. rept., mittee, Division of State Lands. 109 pp. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Olympia. 24 pp. Strother, J.L. and W.J. Ferlatte. 1988. Review of Erigeron eatonii Kartesz, J.T. and R. Kartesz. 1980. A Synonymized Checklist and allied taxa (Compositae: Astereae). Madrono 35(2): 77-91. of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Recent Taxonomic Changes for Oregon Ferns and Fern Allies By EDWARD R.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Origin of the Central Mexican Alpine Flora
    diversity Article Diversity and Origin of the Central Mexican Alpine Flora Victor W. Steinmann 1, Libertad Arredondo-Amezcua 2, Rodrigo Alejandro Hernández-Cárdenas 3 and Yocupitzia Ramírez-Amezcua 2,* 1 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Del. Sta. Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; [email protected] or [email protected] 2 Private Practice, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán 61600, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Herbario Metropolitano, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco #186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Alpine vegetation is scarce in central Mexico (≈150 km2) and occurs on the 11 highest peaks of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Timberline occurs at (3700) 3900 m, and at 4750 m vascular plants cease to exist. The alpine vascular flora comprises 237 species from 46 families and 130 genera. Asteraceae (44), Poaceae (42), and Caryophyllaceae (21) possess 45% of the species; none of the remaining families have more than 10 species. Four species are strict endemics, and eight others are near endemics. Thirteen species are restricted to alpine vegetation but also occur outside the study area. Seventy-seven species are endemic to Mexico, 35 of which are endemic to the TMVB. In terms of biogeography, the strongest affinities are with Central or South America. Fifteen species are also native to the Old World. Size of the alpine area seems to not be the determining factor for its floristic diversity. Instead, the time since and extent of the last volcanic activity, in addition to the distance from other alpine islands, appear to be important factors affecting diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypods Exposed by Tom Stuart
    Volume 36 Number 2 & 3 Apr-June 2009 Editors: Joan Nester-Hudson and David Schwartz Polypods Exposed by Tom Stuart What is a polypod? The genus Polypodium came from the biblical source, the Species Plantarum of 1753. Linnaeus made it the largest genus of ferns, including species as far flung as present day Dryopteris, Cystopteris and Cyathea. This apparently set the standard for many years as a broad lumping ground. The family Polypodiaceae was defined in 1820 and its composition has never been stagnant. Now it is regarded as comprising 56 genera, listed in Smith et al. (2008). As a measure of the speed of change, thirty years ago about 20 of these genera were in different families, a few were yet to be created or resurrected, and several were often regarded as sub-genera of a broadly defined Polypodium. Estimates of the number of species vary, but they are all well over 1000. The objectives here are to elucidate the differences between the members of the family and help you identify an unknown polypod. First let's separate the family from the rest of the ferns. The principal family characteristics include (glossary at the end): • a creeping rhizome as opposed to an erect or ascending one • fronds usually jointed to the rhizome via phyllopodia • fronds in two rows with a row on either side of the rhizome The aforementioned characters define the family with the major exception of the grammitid group. • mainly epiphytic, occasionally epilithic, rarely terrestrial, never aquatic (unique exception: Microsorum pteropus) Epiphytic fern groups are few: the families Davalliaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Vittariaceae, and some Asplenium and Elaphoglossum.
    [Show full text]
  • (Polypodiaceae). Thesis
    BLUMEA 39 (1994) 351-364 A monograph of the fern genus Thylacopteris (Polypodiaceae) G. Rödl-Linder Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary This deals with the of the free-veined soral study systematics Polypodiaceae lacking any paraphyses and representedonly in the paleotropics. It includes the recognition and description of two species of Thylacopteris Kunze ex J. Sm. a full synonymy and a discussion of its systematic position. Introduction This study concentrates on the analysis of two species earlier referred to the genus Polypodium L. (sensu lato) with free, once forking veins. John Smith established the genus Thylacopteris to accommodate only one species, T. papillosa. As the tax- onomic history shows, not much attention was given to this genus. Some authors assume an alliance with Polypodium L. (sensu stricto) and Goniophlebium (Blume) Presl, others declareits systematic position as uncertain. In order to clarify the identity and to unravel the systematic position of this genus an analysis of characters was undertaken. They concern the morphology of the ma- ture sporophyte, with respect to the rhizome, the rhizome scales, the gross morphol- the ogy, the venation pattern, the indument, sori, the sporangia, and the spores. Microscopical and submicroscopical features were included. Several of these charac- studied in detail for this for the first time. Character such ters were group states as the articulation of the with the rhachis and the absence of pinnae any soral paraphy- ses confirm its generic status and justify the retention of the genus. Within Thyl- acopteris two species are recognised, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Polypodium Interjectum in Sweden, with Notes on the Variability of P
    Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 13–20 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 26 April 2012 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2012 The oldest record of Polypodium interjectum in Sweden, with notes on the variability of P. vulgare Harri Harmaja Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 26 Oct. 2010, final version received 3 Dec. 2010, accepted 8 Dec. 2010 Harmaja, H. 2012: The oldest record of Polypodium interjectum in Sweden, with notes on the vari- ability of P. vulgare. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 13–20. The variability of Polypodium vulgare s. lato (Polypodiaceae) in the Nordic countries was studied. An unpublished herbarium record of P. interjectum from Sweden (province Scania) was confirmed. The respective specimen, originally classified asP. vulgare, was later re-identified as P. interjectum but that remained unnoticed in the literature. Here, the first find of the species in Sweden is reported. Another Swedish specimen with a similar identification history was found to be originally correctly identified. Field work and screening of herbarium material did not yield specimens of P. interjectum from Fin- land. Instead, the Finnish P. vulgare displayed unexpectedly much previously unknown variability, including four types of rhizome taste and the presence, even of two kinds, of sporangiasters in part of the material. Sensory observations also suggest that the rhi- zome of P. vulgare emits the volatile compound 2-nonenal. As some of the variability noted is often diagnostic at the species level in the P.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Table 1
    Supplementary Table 1 SAMPLE CLADE ORDER FAMILY SPECIES TISSUE TYPE CAPN Eusporangiate Monilophytes Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum diffusum developing shoots JVSZ Eusporangiate Monilophytes Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale sterile leaves/branches NHCM Eusporangiate Monilophytes Marattiales Marattiaceae Angiopteris evecta developing shoots UXCS Eusporangiate Monilophytes Marattiales Marattiaceae Marattia sp. leaf BEGM Eusporangiate Monilophytes Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Botrypus virginianus Young sterile leaf tissue WTJG Eusporangiate Monilophytes Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum petiolatum leaves, stalk, sporangia QHVS Eusporangiate Monilophytes Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum vulgatum EEAQ Eusporangiate Monilophytes Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Sceptridium dissectum sterile leaf QVMR Eusporangiate Monilophytes Psilotales Psilotaceae Psilotum nudum developing shoots ALVQ Eusporangiate Monilophytes Psilotales Psilotaceae Tmesipteris parva Young fronds PNZO Cyatheales Culcitaceae Culcita macrocarpa young leaves GANB Cyatheales Cyatheaceae Cyathea (Alsophila) spinulosa leaves EWXK Cyatheales Thyrsopteridaceae Thyrsopteris elegans young leaves XDVM Gleicheniales Gleicheniaceae Sticherus lobatus young fronds MEKP Gleicheniales Dipteridaceae Dipteris conjugata young leaves TWFZ Hymenophyllales Hymenophyllaceae Crepidomanes venosum young fronds QIAD Hymenophyllales Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum bivalve young fronds TRPJ Hymenophyllales Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum cupressiforme young fronds and sori
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article –
    IJCBS, 9(2016):111-115 International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (ISSN 2226-9614) Journal Home page: www.iscientific.org/Journal.html © International Scientific Organization A review on phytopharmacological properties of Bisfaij Huma Naz1, Haq Nawaz1, Muhammad Adnan Ayub1, Ayesha Mushtaq1* and Sunil Khan2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040-Pakistan and 2 Department of botany, Haripal Vivekananda College, Hooghly, India Abstract Polypodium vulgare L. is a perennial fern belonging to Polypodiaceae family. It has been cultivated throughout the world and used for essential oil application, aroma flavor and in traditional medicine. Mostly Polypodium vulgare contain polypody rhizome having saponins (polypodosapogenin), ecdysteroids, phloroglucins, volatile oil, fixed oil, and tannins. The extent of each of these chemical constituents varies depending on the type of species or cultivars as well as cultivation conditions such as spore type, weather, artificial condition (green house). It is an essential component of several industrial applications that ranges from food to pharmaceutical application. More uses and applications of Polypodium Vulgare by products are continuously added. Further research to maximize yield per hectare and optimum preservation and oil extraction methods are needed, particularly in the developing world where basil leaf and flower harvesting and postharvest processing methods are much traditional. Key words: Bisfaij, Polypodium vulgare, fern Full length article *Corresponding Author, e-mail: [email protected] 1. Botany herbal medicine and as ornamental plant. It also contains 1.1. Introduction cocaine like chemicals. The essential oil contents and Polypodium vulgare L. is a perennial fern composition is equally variable between species and belonging to family Polypodiaceae.
    [Show full text]