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Of Children in Viet Nam 2016

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Of Children in Viet Nam 2016 MINISTRY OF LABOUR - INVALIDS AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS A SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN IN VIET NAM 2016 Ha Noi, December, 2017 2 A SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN IN VIET NAM 2016 The children of today will be the driving force of Viet Nam in 2030. Investing in children today lays the foundation for long-term sustainable development. A SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN IN VIET NAM 2016 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This Situation Analysis was produced over a two-year period by T&C Consulting in close collaboration with UNICEF and the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs of the Government of Viet Nam who played the leading and coordinating role among the national stakeholders. The Analysis was initiated at a juncture when Viet Nam was making the transition from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals, and before the beginning of preparations for the Program of Cooperation between the Government of Viet Nam and UNICEF 2017-2021. The researchers of T&C Consulting reviewed a wide range of documents made available by concerned government agencies, UNICEF and other organizations, and undertook a field trip to Quang Binh province in 2015, to gain the insights of provincial authorities on the situation of children in the province. The document went through multiple consultative sessions and extensive reviews by a wide range of organisations, including government agencies, United Nations agencies, international and national non-governmental organisations and academic institutions and researchers. Two consultative workshops were held in 2016-17, with participation from concerned partners. T&C Consulting would like to sincerely thank the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (especially Mr. Dang Hoa Nam, Director General of the Chilren’s Affairs Department and Ms. Do Thuy Hang, Head of Planning and General Affairs Unit of the Children’s Affairs Department) and UNICEF (especially Mr. Vu Manh Hong, former Chief of the Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, and Ms. Nguyen Quynh Trang, Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist) for their guidance and coordinating support throughout the process. Appreciation is conveyed to key government agencies, only a few of which are named here: Ministry of Planning and Investment, Office of the Government, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Training, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Justice, General Statistics Office, and the National Assembly’s Committee for Culture, Education, Youth and Children for their collaboration at different stages in the development and finalisation of this Situation Analysis. 4 A SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN IN VIET NAM 2016 PREFACE This Situation Analysis represents a critical milestone in an ongoing process of researching, documenting, analysing and understanding the situation of children in Viet Nam. This publication is a joint product between UNICEF Viet Nam and the Government of Viet Nam which was led by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs as the state management agency on children’s issues. A strong partnership between UNICEF and the Government of Viet Nam around children’s rights has been reflected in all stages of this report development. This Analysis takes a human rights-based approach, looking at the situation of children from the perspective of key human rights principles such as equality, non-discrimination and accountability. The value of such an approach is that it analyses issues at a deeper level, one where the causes of rights not being met are probed and better understood. The Analysis therefore makes a unique contribution to understanding the situation of children – girls and boys, rural and urban children, Kinh and ethnic minority children, poor and rich children – today in Viet Nam. The findings confirm Viet Nam’s remarkable progress for children. Yet, they also show areas where progress is still needed, and urgently so. These include reducing growing disparities, reducing stunting, improving early childhood development, quality and inclusive education and protecting children in difficult circumstances. While focusing on the important results achieved for children, the Analysis also looks at the unfinished agenda and new issues arising from the unprecedented social and economic transformations shaping Viet Nam in the context of the Sustainable Development Agenda toward 2030. By the National Action Plan on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development approved by the Prime Minister in May 2017, Viet Nam has been committed to achieve the 2030 Agenda, which puts a strong emphasis on equity and sheds a focus on children: the sustainable development goals are only reached if they are achieved for all children, everywhere. This is a clear and unequivocal statement of Viet Nam’s commitment to children, one that is put into practice over years of investment and priority given to children. This Situation Analysis recognises those achievements, and calls upon Viet Nam to continue its leadership to realise the rights of Viet Nam’s children. MINISTRY OF LABOUR – INVALIDS UNICEF VIET NAM AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS A SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN IN VIET NAM 2016 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Preface .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 14 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 31 1.1. Purpose and objectives ..........................................................................................................................................................................31 1.2. Conceptual framework ...........................................................................................................................................................................32 1.3. Methodology and process ....................................................................................................................................................................35 1.4. Limitations ......................................................................................................................................................................................................38 Chapter 2. The Context for Children’s Rights in Viet Nam ............................................................................. 41 2.1. Geography and Demography ............................................................................................................................................................41 2.2. Socio-Economic Development Updates .....................................................................................................................................44 2.2.1. Macro economic situation .....................................................................................................................................................45 2.2.2. Poverty situation .........................................................................................................................................................................46 2.2.3. Transition from the MDGs to the SDGs ............................................................................................................................50 2.3. Environment and Climate Change ..................................................................................................................................................52 2.3.1. General situation ........................................................................................................................................................................52 2.3.2. Impacts on children ..................................................................................................................................................................53 2.4. Aid Environment ........................................................................................................................................................................................56 2.4.1. Global trend ..................................................................................................................................................................................56 2.4.2. The ODA situation in Viet Nam ............................................................................................................................................57 2.5. Partnership for child rights ...................................................................................................................................................................58 Chapter 3. Governance and Institutional framework for children’s rights and well-being .................... 61 3.1. National legal framework for children’s rights ..........................................................................................................................61
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