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PENTASTOMIDA : CEPHALOBAENIDA) PARASITE DES POUMONS ET DES FOSSES NASALES DE a New Cephalobaenid Pentastome, Rileyella Petauri Gen

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PENTASTOMIDA : CEPHALOBAENIDA) PARASITE DES POUMONS ET DES FOSSES NASALES DE a New Cephalobaenid Pentastome, Rileyella Petauri Gen Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2003103235 RILLEYELLA PETAURI GEN. NOV., SP. NOV. (PENTASTOMIDA: CEPHALOBAENIDA) FROM THE LUNGS AND NASAL SINUS OF PETAURUS BREVICEPS (MARSUPIALIA: PETAURIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA SPRATT D.M.* Summary: Résumé : RILEYELLA PETAURI GEN. NOV., SP. NOV. (PENTASTOMIDA : CEPHALOBAENIDA) PARASITE DES POUMONS ET DES FOSSES NASALES DE A new cephalobaenid pentastome, Rileyella petauri gen. nov., sp. PETAURUS BKEVICEPS (MARSUPALIA : PETAURIDAE) EN AUSTRALIE nov. from the lungs and nasal sinus of the petaurid marsupial, Petaurus breviceps, is described. It is the smallest adult pentastome Description de Rileyella petauri n.g., n. sp. (Cephalobaenida) known to date, represents the first record of a mammal as the parasite des poumons et fosses nasales de Petaurus breviceps definitive host of a cephalobaenid and may respresent the only (Petauridae) en Australie. Celle espèce est le plus petit pentastome pentastome known to inhabit the lungs of a mammal through all its connu à l'état adulte. C'est la première mention d'un Mammifère instars, with the exception of patent females. Adult males, non- comme hôte définitif d'un Cephalobenide, et c'est le seul gravid females and nymphs moulting to adults occur in the lungs; pentastome dont tous les stades soient parasites des poumons de gravid females occur in the nasal sinus. R. petauri is minute and Mammifères, à l'exception des femelles mûres qui migrent dans les possesses morphological features primarily of the Cephalobaenida fosses nasales. La morphologie se rapproche de celle des but the glands in the cephalothorax and the morphology of the Cephalobaenida, mais les glandes céphalo-thoraciques et les copulatory spicules are similar to some members of the remaining spicules sont proches de ceux de certains Porocephalides. Cette pentastomid order, the Porocephalida. This unusual combination of combinaison exceptionnelle distingue le nouveau genre des autres features distinguish the new genus from other genera in the Cephalobaenida. Le petit nombre d'oeufs intra-utérins contenant Cephalobaenida. The occurrence of only seven fully-formed larvae des larves bien différenciées et de longueur égale à 10% de in eggs in the uterus, each representing about 10 % of the length celle de la femelle, ainsi que la présence de cette dernière dans of the patent female, and her presence in the nasal sinus of a le sinus nasal d'un jeune dépendant, suggèrent que le cycle dependent juvenile P. breviceps (36 gm) implies a direct life biologique est direct. cycle. MOTS CLÉS : Pentastomida, Cephalobaenida, Rileyella petauri gen, nov. sp. nov., Marsupialia, Petauridae, Petaurus breviceps, Australie. KEY WORDS : Pentastomida, Cephalobaenida, Rileyella petauri gen. nov. sp. nov., Marsupialia, Petauridae, Petaurus breviceps, Australia. INTRODUCTION of the integument and gametogenesis, Riley et al. (1978) confirmed previous hypotheses of genuine arthropod homologies and argued that spermatogenesis he Pentastomida is a small group of dioecious clearly established pentastomids as a sub-class of the parasites generally inhabiting the respiratory Crustacea, closely allied to Brachiura. Storch & Ttracts, particularly the lungs, of vertebrates. Most Jamieson (1992) provided ultrastructural evidence for infect reptiles and probably have done so since the a remarkable degree of homogeneity between the two Mesozoic (Baer, 1952). There has been much specu• orders of Pentastomida recognised by Heymons (1935), lation about their origins and relationships with other the Cephalobaenida and the Porocephalida. The former invertebrates. Wingstrand (1972) undertook a detailed is considered the more primitive. Further, they comparison of sperm structure and development in the confirmed a sister-group relationship with the Brachiura pentastomid Raillietiella hemidactyli and the brachiuran as previously proposed (see above), observing that the fish louse Argulus foliaceus. The author found that their sperm of the pentastome-brachiuran assemblage spermatozoa corresponded in the most minute detail appeared to be the most highly evolved of the flagel• and concluded that the two groups were closely late crustacean sperm. related. On the basis of embryogenesis, the structure The Cephalobaenida embraces two families (Fain, 1961 ; Nicoli, 1961). The Cephalobaenidae contains the monotypic genus Cephalobaena from snakes in South America and the morphologically variable and * CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, GPO Box 284, Canberra 2601, Aus• multispecies genus Raillietiella from varanid, agamid, tralia. scincid, geckonid and amphisbaenid lizards, toads and Tel.: 612 6242 1648 - Fax: 612 6242 1555. E-mail: [email protected] four families of snakes in many parts of the world (Ali 235 & Riley, 1985 ; Riley, 1986). The Reighardiidae contains lothorax narrower than abdomen. Annuli conspicuous, the genus Reighardia from marine birds in Europe, about 25 in total. Tegumental chloride cells arranged North America and Antarctica (Riley, 1986). four per annulus. Tegument of female covered with Several species of Raillietiella are known from Aus- fine tubercles. Oral opening minute, almost terminal tralian hosts. Ali et al. (1984) described Raillietiella scin- and anterior to hooks. Anterior (field 2) and posterior coides from the eastern blue-tongued lizard, Tiliqua (field 1) frontal papillae present, bearing sensillae. One scincoides. Riley et al. (1985) reported R. ampbiboluri pair of postero-median and one pair of lateral glands, from the bearded dragon, Pogona barbata (as Ampbi- together with single antero-median gland present dor- bolurus barbatus) and Riley & Spratt (1987) subse- sally, all with efferent ducts terminating in sensillae quently recognised Raillietiella sp. a from a king brown on exterior surface of tegument at anterior edge of snake, Pseudechis australis, and Raillietiella sp. b from cephalothorax. One pair of ventral glands emptying an eastern brown snake. Pseudonaja textilis. which apically through latero-ventral elevations and termi- they considered were probably new species but more nating in paired, seta-like structures. One pair of specimens were required before their status could be gland-like structures with refringent contents lying confirmed. In addition, R. frenatus occurs in the Nor- dorsally over posterior margins of paired postero- thern Dtella, Gebyra australis, in the Darwin region median glands. All glands concentrated in anterior (unpublished). cephalothorax, not flanking intestine for most of its The present work reports the occurrence of nymphs length. Posterior pair of hooks lateral to anterior pair. moulting to adults, males and females of what was ori- Hook morphology similar, simple, devoid of fulcrum, ginally thought to be a new species of Raillietiella from ensheathed by median podial lobe and flanked by the lungs and nasal sinus of a petaurid marsupial, the conspicuous parapodial lobes. Morphology of copu- sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps. More detailed exami- latory spicules in male, particularly proximal half, nation revealed that the new pentastome exhibited similar to some Sebekiidae (Porocephalida) and dis- morphological features characteristic primarily of tinct from known cephalobaenids. Structure and loca- cephalobaenids but that the morphology of the glands tion of seminal vesicle and vas deferens, and rela- in the cephalothorax and of the copulatory spicules tionship to copulatory spicules similar to other were more characteristic of porocephalids. Conse- cephalobaenids. Anus terminal. Caudal extremity quently, the species warrants erection of a new genus rounded. in the Cephalobaenida. RILEYELLA PETAURI GEN. NOV., SP. NOV. (Figs. 1-15) MATERIALS AND METHODS Type species: R. petauri n. sp. he material examined in this study was collected Type Host: Petauridae: Petaurus breviceps Waterhouse, in southeastern and northeastern Australia. Spe- 1839. Tcimens were fixed in 70 % ethanol and cleared in lactophenol for examination. Distribution of papillae Site in host: gravid female, with eggs containing fully and sensillae on the ventral cephalothorax follows the formed larvae with hooks and oral cadre, in nasal convention of Storch & Böckeler (1979) (see also Ali sinus ; mature females with unfertilised eggs, males and & Riley, 1985). Methods for counting annuli and mea- nymphs moulting to adults in lungs. suring hooks were as described in Ali et al. (1981, Locality: Yambulla State Forest, southwest of Eden, 1982). Fully developed eggs in the uterus of females New South Wales, Australia, (37" l6'E, 149" 24'S) were used as an indicator of maturity (Ali & Riley, 8/ix/1980, (2♀♀) coll: P. Haycock & W. Braithwaite; 1983). All measurements are in micrometres ; means in Davies Creek State Forest, south of Mossman. north parentheses immediately following the range. Type Queensland, Australia, 16° 55'E, 145° 32'S, 22/vi/1995 material is deposited in the South Australian Museum (4♂♂, 1♀, 3 nymphs) coll: S. Comport. (SAM), Adelaide. Hosts examined: 4 adult 9 9, 4 adult ♂♂, 1 juve- nile ♂ ; parasitised: 1 adult ♂, 1 juvenile ♂; preva- RESULTS lence 22.2 %. Etymology: the genus is named in honour of Dr. John RILEYELLA GEN. NOV. Riley, University of Dundee, Scotland for his major CEPHALOBAENIDAE HEYMONS, 1935 contribution to knowledge of the taxonomy and bio- With features of both Cephalobaenida and Poroce- logy of the Pentastomida. The specific name relates to phalida. Males and females exceptionally small. Cepha- the host of the parasite.
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