Brief Industrial Profile of Leh District

Home , Durbuk, History of Ladakh, Ladakh, Ladakh district, Leh, Leh district

Government of India Ministry of MSME

Carried out by

MSME-Development Institute (Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India,) Phone 01912431077,01912435425 Fax: 01912431077,01912435425

e-mail: dcdi-jammu@dcmsme.gov.in web- www.msmedijammu.gov.in

Contents

S. No. Topic Page No. 1. General Characteristics of the District 1 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 2 1.2 Topography 3 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 3 1.4 Forest 3 1.5 Administrative set up 3 2. District at a glance 4 to 6 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Area in the District 7 3. Industrial Scenario 7 3.1 Industry at a Glance 7 3.2 Year Wise Trend Of Units Registered 8 3.3 Details Of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises & Artisan Units In The 9 District 3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings 10 3.8 Medium Scale Enterprises 10 3.9 Service Enterprises 10 3.9.2 Potentials areas for service industry 10 3.10 Potential for new MSMEs 11 4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise 11 5. General issues raised by industry association during the course of 11 meeting 6 Prospects of training Programmes during 2012-13 12 7. Action plan for MSME Schemes during 2012-13 12 8. Steps to set up MSMEs 13 9. Additional information if any -

1 Brief Industrial Profile of Leh District

1. General Characteristics of the District HISTORY Leh (Ladakh) was known in the past by different names. It was called Maryul or low land by some Kha- chumpa by others. Fa- Hein referred to it as Kia-Chha and Hiuen Tsang as Ma-Lo-Pho. It is said that the first Immigrants to this land appears to have been the Brokpas from Dadarstan who inhabited the lower reaches of the Indus Valley popularly known as Sham. Another wave of Immigrants who came from karja (Kulu) were the Mons an Aryan type who first settled in Gya and spread to Rong, Shayok, Sakti Tangtse and Durbuk, the area extending from Martselang to Khaltsi. Gia was the seat of government of the first Mon ruler having been elected by the whole tribe. His kingdom included the villages mentioned above, all of which was inhabited by the Mons people He was known by the title Gyapacho, derived from his being the master of Gia. The ancient inhabitants of Ladakh were Dards, an Indo- Aryan race. Immigrants of Tibet, Skardo and nearby parts like Purang, Guge settled in Ladakh, whose racial characters and cultures were in consonance with early settlers. Buddhism travelled from central India to Tibet via Ladakh leaving its imprint in Ladakh. Islamic missionaries also made a peaceful penetration of Islam in the early 16th century. German Moravian Missionaries having cognizance of East India Company also made inroads towards conversion but with little success. In the 10th century AD, Skit Lde Nemagon, the ruler of Tibet, invaded Ladakh where there was no central authority. The lands divided in small principalities were at war with each other. Nemagon defeated them one by one and established a strong kingdom at Shey, 15 kms from Leh, as its capital. Ladakh was an independent country since the middle of the 10th century.

King Singge Namgyal had consolidated the Ladakhi Empire into a strong kingdom. He was not only a strong monarch but a statesman, a diplomat and a builder. He built the historic 9- storeyed Leh palace and made the other neighbouring countries envy of such an elegant palace. He also promoted horse polo in Ladakh In the ancient times the present Leh district was a part of Greater Ladakh spread over from Kailash Mansarover to Swaat (Dardistan). The Greater ladakh was neither under the Domain of Tibet or its influence. Not much information is available about the ancient History of Ladakh. However, reference about the place and its neighbourhood in Arab, Chinese and Mongolian histories gives an idea that in the 7th Century A.D fierce wars were fought by Tibet and China in Baltistan area of the Greater Ladakh in which deserts and barren mountains of Ladakh was turned into battle fields for the warring armies

In the post-partition scenario, Pakistan and China illegally occupied 78,114 sq. km and 37,555 sq.km of the state, respectively while the remaining part of the state acceded to India. Pakistan also illegally gifted 5180 sq.kms of this area to China. Ladakh, comprising the areas of present Leh and Kargil districts, became one of the seven districts of the State. In 1979 when the reorganization of the districts was carried out, the Ladakh district was divided into two full fledged district of Leh and Kargil.

2 POLITICALLY: At present , the district is governed by the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh having a strength of 30 councillors ( 26 elected and 04 nominated) which is being headed by the chairman/Chief Executive councillor (rank of State Cabinet Minister) who is assisted by four Executive councillors since 1995 working within the frame work of the constitution of India/Jammu and Kashmir. District has two seats (Leh and Nubra) in J&K assembly and one Member of Parliament who is also the representative of Kargil district.

CULTURE: The District is famous for its rich cultural heritage and Honesty. It is popularly known as land of monks and monasteries. People of all the communities live here with complete harmony, free from any prejudice. Buddhist is the dominant religion in the district followed by Muslim. District has also thin population of Christian and Hindus. Ladakhi language is spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of the district, except the minor tribal community of Aryan race living in the valley of Dha- Hanu. Jabro, Shondol, Marriage Dance and Kampa Sumsak are some of the well known traditional dance and Zunglu, Tallu, Marriage songs and Alley Yato are well known folk songs of Ladakh 1.1 Geographical Area.

District Leh is situated roughly between 32 to 36 degree north latitude and 75 to 80 degree East longitude and altitude ranging from 2300 mtrs to 5000 mtrs above sea level. District Leh with an area of 45100 Sqs Kms makes it 2nd largest district in the country after Kutch (Gujrat) with an area 45652 Sqs Kms in terms of area. the district is bounded by Pakistan occupied Kashmir in the west and china in the north and eastern part and Lahul Spiti of Himachal Pardesh in the south east. It is at a distance of 434 Kms from State capital (Summer) Srinager and 474 Kms from Manali(HP). According to the provisional geographical area figures supplied by Surveyor General of India, the total area of Leh district is 82,665sq. Kms. Out of the total area of 37,555 sq.kms is under the illegal occupation of China leaving 45110 sq. kms with India. As per the village Papers, the area under the occupation of India is 44,000 sq. Kms only. Out of the total population, 75.57% population is residing in the rural area. The biggest ethnic group is Buddhist having 77.30% of population followed by Muslims with 13.78% and Hindus with 8.16%. The main working force account for 33.07% to the total population where as marginal workers account for 16.50 % and non-workers 49.58%. The main occupation engaging the working force is cultivation (37.92%), agriculture labour (4.28%), household industry (1.24%) and other works (56.56%).

1.2 Topography

Topographically, the whole of the district is mountainous with three parallel ranges of the Himalayas, the Zanskar, the Ladakh and the Karakoram. Between these ranges, the Shayok, Indus and Zanskar rivers flow and most of the population lives in valleys of these rivers. The district is situated between 32 to 36 degree North latitude and 75 to 80 degree Longitude . Ladakh lies on the rain shadow side of the Himalayan, where dry monsoon winds reaches Leh after being robbed of its moisture in plains and the Himalayas mountain the district combines the condition of both arctic and desert climate. Therefore Ladakh is often called “COLD DESERT”.

1.3 Availability of Minerals.

Various kind of raw minerals like Granite, Stone,Gypsum, lime Stone are abundantly available in the district. There is a huge reserve of Granite & other mineral in Leh , however these mineral resources are yet to be exploited

1.4 FOREST

The forest area of the district is recorded as 29 Sq km .

1.5 Administrative set up.

District Tehsil Blocks Leh LEH 1.LEH 2. SASPOL 3. NOBRA NOBRA 4.PANAMIK

KHALSI 5.KHALSI KHARU 6.KHARU DURUBK 7. DURUBK NAYOMA 8. NAYOMA 9.CHUCHOT

2. District at a glance

S.No Particular Year Unit Statistics 1 Geographical features (A) Geographical Data i) Latitude 32-36 North ii) Longitude 75-80 iii) Geographical Area Hectares 82665 (B) Administrative Units i) Sub divisions 3 ii) Tehsils 3 iii) Sub-Tehsil 2 iv) Patwar Circle - v) Panchayat Simitis 93 vi)Nagar nigam 01 vii) Nagar Palika - viii) Gram Panchayats 604 xi) Revenue villages 114 x) Assembly Area 2 2. Population (A) Sex-wise i) Male 2011 17772 ii) Female 2011 10867 (B) Rural Population 2011 88594 3. Agriculture A. Land utilization i) Total Area 2010-11 Hectare 11692 ii) Forest cover 2010-11 Sq Km 29.00 iii) Non Agriculture Land 2010-11 “ 7073 v) cultivable Barren 2010-11 “ 27169 land 4. Forest (i) Forest 2010-11 Sq Km 29.00

5. Livestock & Poultry A. Cattle i) Cows 2007 Nos. 36231 ii) Buffaloes 2007 Nos. - B. Other livestock i) Goats 2007 Nos. 53535 ii) Pigs 2007 Nos. - iii) Dogs & Bitches 2007 Nos. 22799 iv) Railways i) Length of rail line 2010-11 Kms V) Roads (a) National Highway 2010-11 Kms (01) 434 (b) State Highway 2010- Kms 01 11 (c) Main District Highway 2010- Kms 03 11 (d) Other district & Rural 2010-11 Kms - Roads (e) Rural road/ 2010-11 Kms - Agriculture Marketing Board Roads (f) Kachacha Road 2010-11 Kms - (VI) Communication (a) Telephone 2010-11 11975 connection (b) Post offices 2010-11 Nos. 55 (c) Telephone center 2010-11 Nos. - (d )Density of Telephone 2010-11 Nos./1000 - person (e) Density of Telephone 2010-11 No. per KM. - (f) PCO Rural 2010-11 No. - (g) PCO STD 2010-11 No. 378 (h) Mobile 2010-11 No. -

(VII) Public Health (a) Allopathic Hospital 2010-11 No. 3 (b) Beds in Allopathic No. 40 hospitals (c) Ayurvedic Hospital No. - (d) Beds in Ayurvedic No. - hospitals (e) Unani hospitals No. - (f) Community health No. - centers (g) Primary health No. 14 centers (h) Dispensaries No. - (i) Sub Health No. 180 Centers No. (j) Private hospitals 02 (VIII) Banking commercial (a) Commercial Bank Nos. 06 (b) rural Bank Nos. - Products (c) Co-Operative Nos. 02 bank products (d) PLDB Branches Nos. - (IX) Education (a) Primary school Nos. 181 (b) Middle schools Nos. 127 (c) Secondary & senior Nos. 41 secondary schools (d) Colleges Nos. 03 (e) Technical University Nos. -

7 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Areas in the District Leh S. Name of Ind. Land Land Prevailing No No of No of No. of No. Area acquired developed Rate Per of allotted Vacant Units in (In (In Sqm Plots Plots Plots Production hectare) hectare) (In Rs.) 1 Industrial 237 - 1.00 lacs 121 121 - 64 Estate Leh Kanal 2 Industrial 301 - 1.00 lacs 184 37 147 2 Estate Kanal Phayang

I/E Khaltsi 20 Kanal - - 15 14 1 2 Total 558 - lacs 320 172 148 68 kanal Source:- GM DIC Leh

3. INDUSTRIAL SCENERIO OF LEH

3.1 Industry at a Glance Sr Head Unit Particulars No 1. REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL UNIT NO. 592 2. TOTAL INDUSTRIAL UNIT NO. 595 3. REGISTERED MEDIUM & LARGE UNIT NO. - 4. ESTIMATED AVG. NO. OF DAILY NO. - WORKER EMPLOYED IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES 5. EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE AND NO. NA MEDIUM INDUSTRIES 6. NO. OF INDUSTRIAL AREA NO. 3 7. TURNOVER OF SMALL SCALE IND. IN LACS - 8. TURNOVER OF MEDIUM & LARGE IN LACS - SCALE INDUSTRIES

8 3.2 YEAR WISE TREND OF UNITS REGISTERED YEAR NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT INVESTMENT REGISTERED (lakh Rs.) UNITS Up to 1984-85 - - - 1 1985-86 - - - 2 1986-87 - - - 3 1987-88 62 270 - 4 1988-89 87 348 - 5 1989-90 40 116 - 6 1990-91 53 117 - 7 1991-92 44 161 - 8 1992-93 47 122 - 9 1993-94 40 115 - 10 1994-95 42 61 - 11 1995-96 31 84 - 12 1996-97 26 87 - 13 1997-98 5 25 - 14 1998-99 13 56 - 15 1999-2000 9 54 - 16 2000-01 6 21 - 17 2001-2002 10 39 - 18 2002-03 30 117 17.14 19 2003-04 10 49 17.13 20 2004-05 6 52 172.59 21 2005-06 7 31 19.72 22 2006-07 2 7 42.40 23 2007-08 6 16 34.40 24 2008-09 5 36 85.00 25 2009-10 6 36 30.00 26 2010-11 5 28 18.35 Total 17 Source: DIC Leh

9 3.3 DETAILS OF EXISTING MICRO & SMALL ENTERPRISES AND ARTISAN UNITS IN THE DISTRICT NIC CODE TYPE OF NUMBER INVESTMENT EMPLOYMENT NO. INDUSTRY OF UNITS (Lakh Rs.) 20 Agro based - - - 22 Soda water - - - 23 Cotton textile - - - 24. Woolen, silk & artificial Thread 24 - - based clothes. 25. Jute & jute based - - - 26. Ready-made garments & - - - embroidery 27. Wood/wooden based furniture - - - 26. Paper & Paper products - - - 29. Leather based - - - 31. Chemical/Chemical based - - - 30. Rubber, Plastic & petro based - - - 32. Mineral based - - - 33. Metal based (Steel Fab.) 72 - - 35. Engineering units - - - 36. Electrical machinery and transport - - - equipment 97. Repairing & servicing 5 - - 01. Others 22 - - Kachori Making - - - Source: DIC Leh

3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings

List of the units in the district---- Nil

3.5 Major Exportable Item Nil

3.6 Growth Trend Nil

3.7 Vendorisation / Ancillarisation of the Industry Nil

3.8. Medium Scale Enterprises

3.8.1 List of the units in the district Nil

3.8.2 Major Exportable Item Nil 3.9 Service Enterprises

3.9.2 Potentials areas for service industry

S.N Product NIC Code S.N Product NIC Code 1 Photostat/ Xeroxing 74993 7 Lamination 21098 2 Dry Cleaning 93010 8 Book Binding 22222 3 Whole Sale of 51223 9 Beauty Parlour 93020 Eggs/Meats 4 PCO/ISD/STD 64201 10 Data processing 72300 5 Colour lab digital 74940 11 Travel Agency 63040 6 Automobile workshop 50200 12 Dhaba/ Restaurant 55208 13 Mobile Repairing 32208

3.10 Potential for new MSMEs S.N Product NIC Code 1 Dairy & dairy products 15209 2 General Engg Workshop 28920 3 Ceramic Bricks 26921 4 Cement Bricks & Blocks 26954 5 Wooden Furniture & Fixtures 36101 6 Milk Products 15203 7 Biscuits And Bakery Products 15412 8 Agriculture Implements 29212 9 Fruit Juice 15134 10 Silk weaving & reeling 17116 11 Soft Toys( mfg toys of any 36949 material) 12 Food products n.e.c 15499 13 Fruit Processed (nuts) n.e.c 15132

4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise

4.1 DETAIL OF MAJOR CLUSTERS Nil

5. General issues raised by industry association during the course of meeting

a) Problem of Eratic Electric Power Supply b) Non availability of Skilled man power c) Problem of Marketing of finished Products d) Problem of procurement of Raw materials e) High Transportation cost

12 6.Prospects of training programmes during 2013-14

S.No. Name of the Subject proposed programme programme to be conducted 1 ESDP - - 2 MDP - - 3 BSDP - - 4 EDP - - 5 IMC General 1 IPR - -

7. STEPS TO SET UP MSMEs

Following are the brief description of different agencies for rendering assistance to the entrepreneurs.

Type of assistance Name and address of agencies S.No

1. Provisional Registration Certificate District Industries Centre, Leh ( EM-1) & Permanent Registration Certificate ( EM-II)

2. Identification of Project Profiles, MSME- DI Jammu ,ITCO, Exhibition techno-economic and managerial Ground Jammu consultancy services, market survey and economic survey reports. 3. Land and Industrial shed SICOP, SIDCO

4. Financial Assistance J&K Bank, SBI, PNB, Grameen Bank, JKFC, Leh JKDFC, IInd Flooor , Gandhinagar Jammu 5. For raw materials under Govt. Supply SICOP,

6. Plant and machinery under hire / NSIC , Exhibition Ground Jammu purchase basis.

7. Power/ Electricity PDD, J&K State

8. Technical Know –how. -District Industries Centre, Leh -MSME DI I/E Digiana jammu 9. Quality & Standard BIS , Chandigarh

10. Marketing /Export Assistance -Directorate of Industries & Commerce , Opposite Partap park Srinagar , J&K -MSME DI I/E Digiana jammu 11. Other Promotional Agencies -EDI , Jawar Udyog Bhavan Rail Head Complex Jammu, EDI Srinagar -MSME DI I/E Digiana Jammu