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Coffee Leaf Miner Ecosystem

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Coffee Leaf Miner Ecosystem Central International Journal of Plant Biology & Research Research Article *Corresponding author Abebayehu Awoke, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bonga University, P. O. Box 334, Ethiopia, Email: abebayehuashu@gmail. Coffee leaf miner ecosystem: com Submitted: 12 October 2020 Accepted: 21 October 2020 Case study on Agro-ecological Published: 22 October 2020 ISSN: 2333-6668 distribution and Socio-economic Copyright © 2020 Awoke A impact of coffee leaf miner OPEN ACCESS Keywords • Coffee agro-ecology Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin- • Socio economic impact • Coffee leaf miner ménèville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) Abebayehu Awoke* Department of Biology, Bonga University, Ethiopia Abstract Coffee is essential natural resource that plays a great role in social, cultural, economic and political values in the study area. However, it is under production constraint and challenge caused by different factors. One of the most challenging factors in coffee production is coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella L.). This research was aimed to assess Agro- ecological distribution and socio economic impact of the pest in the study areas so as to address the challenges of coffee production using pest management strategies of the pest. Both primary and secondary data were used and total of 147 sample household of coffee farms were used for the investigation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentage, inferential statistics and frequency rank weight method. The study discovered that the spatial occurrence of the pest is higher in Woinadega followed by Dega and Kolla agro climate zone of study area respectively. Woinadega agro climate zone is suitable for severe distribution of pest. This is because of moist humid and warm tropical climatic conditions which is important for best proliferation or multiplication of pest. However, most of the populations in the area depend on coffee product; the pest reduces yield of coffee in relation to other factors. It is suggested that creating community awareness, strengthening the best traditional and community based management system, introducing improved coffee plant, encouraging local people to participate in the protection and management of the pest could be the possible alternatives to overcome problems caused by coffee pest. INTRODUCTION parts of Ethiopia as well as different parts of the world society [4] . Historically, the origin of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) was the montane rainforests of Kaffa in South-Western Ethiopia [1]. Since Coffee is one of the highly preferred international beverages then, early written testimonials and legendary thoughts depicted and the most important traded commodities in the world next as that Kaffa Zone or area is not only the cradle of Coffea arabica/ to petroleum [5]. Ethiopia contributes a total of 7 to 10% coffee Arabica coffee but also the name of coffee were transferred from induction to the world [6]. It is the most important export the name of “Kaffa”clan living around and coffee user in line with commodity for Ethiopia and it accounts for about 34% of value of other forest resources. all exports [7]. In Ethiopia, the coffee is important to the economy of the country which is used as source of foreign income and also Complementary, according to [2], the origin and center of millions of the population relying on coffee production for their the genetic diversity of Coffee arabica lies in the south western livelihood [8]. region of Ethiopia, Kaffa kingdom, Decha Woreda Makira Kebele in which Buni village. Grandmother of coffee tree is alive today Coffee plays an economic, social, cultural and spiritual there in Buni village. Coffee is described as Buna in Amharic, value and has lion share in the study area. Which means coffee native Ethiopian language in which the name was driven from history and activities of all peoples in the study area have been the Buni village in Decha district of Kaffa Zone, where coffee two sides of the same coin. As many studies show that coffee was originated [3]. Kaffa is the origin land of coffee arabica. consumption prevent several chronic diseases. The long term Overwhelmingly as a natural part of the ecosystem (naturally grown shrub) coffee was found in Kaffa and spread to different reductions in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes [9]. Coffee coffee consumption is associated with significant dose-dependent Cite this article: Awoke A (2020) Coffee leaf miner ecosystem: Case study on Agro-ecological distribution and Socio-economic impact of coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-ménèville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Int J Plant Biol Res 8(2): 1123. Awoke A (2020) Central intake also reduces the risk of liver damage in people at high Besides, other study area the selected study areas such as risk for liver disease including hepatic injury, cirrhosis, and Dahera, Gawtata and Kulish Kebele’s are found 18km, 26km and hepatocellular carcinoma [10]. Still this is applied in the study 7kms away from Wacha town, respectively and the Woreda lies area particularly. This means coffee is believed to be medicine between 070 09’01”N latitude and 035048’51’’E Longitude [14]. Most of the command area at present is covered with coffee They use coffee to treat different diseases. For example, to treat plants and it is the base for their economy, and has cultural and diarrhea,for different headache diseases and among dries Kafichowound. peopleTo nurse of theback study to health area. social issue for the growers of this area. The geographical location diarrhea, coffee powder is assorted with honey and given to the patient. To treat headache, they make organic coffee and drink of the study area is depicted below Figure 1. it over and over again. To dry wound like modern tetracycline, Relief and drainage area and truly they use it still now. Not only human beings, but According to the Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development Kaficho people grind roasted coffee and put it on the wounded something to eat and got motivated to plow and otherwise they plains, plateaus etc. The altitude of the Woreda ranges between office, the physical features of Woreda have valleys, gorges, feelalso wearthe oxen out and among will bringKaficho to apeople standstill. look to have coffee with 1050m and 2320m above the sea level. The highest elevation (2320m) above the sea level is found at Kulish; whereas the Culturally the roasted coffee is presented to the owner of a lowest elevation (1050m) above the sea level is found at Shingira house to smell it. So that, he may face good luck. When coffee (Gawtata). Chena Woreda has sorts of rivers like Kenech, Meni, boiled and ready for drink, the traditional ceremony is the head Beko and Bella are some of the representatives. Showee Qoolloo”. Climate and agro-ecology of the family pray and the first poured cup of coffee discharged This is assumed to create peace with “God of the earth” which is Based on Chena Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development knownon the groundas “Coroo for”. Coffeeguardian is usedspirit also in Kafigna for the “sake of ceremony and builds important social harmony. It is the culture of Kaffa 2320 meter above sea level. It has three Agro-climatic conditions people to invite a guest, even to a meal by saying “Please drink whereOffice, 20177 Kebele’s report found the altitudein Dega, of 35 study Kebele’s area found ranges in fromDega 1050-and 2 ”. Almost all inhabitants of the site have made it a cup of coffee Kebele’s are found in Kolla agro-ecosystem of the Woreda. a tradition as not to leave their home without drinking coffee from morning up to evening to have good day. Not doing so in In the Woreda the rain fall occurs for Eight months (March to morning is believed to bring bad luck throughout a day. Though, October), followed by dry season as documented in Shisho-inde the production and productivity of coffee has been challenged meteorological station. Furthermore, the rainfall pattern in the by various factors. One of this is coffee leaf miner pest. This pest area is the bi-modal type, i.e., March through October (long rain season) and November through January (short rain season).The importance of coffee seriously. Insect pests cause up to 20% of area receives rainfall almost all the year round. As documented at cropinfluences loss and the reduce above coffeesocial, value cultural, by 30 economic to 40% [11].and traditionalThis great Shishinda meteorological station, the study areas very near to the station have annual rainfall of 1037 mm [14]. 0 0 in-situinfluence conservation of the pest hasof wild not beencoffee addressed offers in interesting well except approach sporadic The mean monthly temperature ranges between 18 c to 29 C reports by different authors specifically in the study area. The and annual average temperature of the area ranges from 15°C to [12]. However, still the prominence of insect pest has not been 25°C. measured,in biodiversity described conservation and no moreincluding information both flora exists and in faunasuch Demography historically rich and origin land of coffee. Hence the current study initiated to obtain baseline 2019 report depict that the Woreda has a total population information about occurrence and incidence of coffee leaf miner of 197391Chena Woredaof whom Agricultural 100670 (51%) and Ruralwere DevelopmentWomen and 96721Office (49%) Men and 7.34% of its population are urban dwellers. The coffee in the particular area of this study. majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 43.62% of the pest to contribute significantly to the overall conservation of MATERIALS AND METHODS population, 40.84% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 7.95% practiced traditional beliefs, 3.9% were Muslim and 3.09% Description of the study area embraced Catholicism. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Location of the study area: The study was conducted at South this Woreda were the Kafecho (75.76%), Bench (16.19%), Oromo Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region of Ethiopia, Kaffa Zone, (3.5%), Amhara (2.73%) and all other ethnic groups made up particularly Chena Woreda.
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