.January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 797 .Monday, next, it stand in adjournment I ask that the order ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY, until 11: 30 a.m. on Tuesday next. for the call be rescinded. JANUARY 28, 1974 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ·objection, it is so ordered. objection, it is so ordered. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, if there be no further business to come before the Senate, I move, in accordance ·ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF ENROLLED BffiL PRESENTED with" the previous order, that the Senate ROUTINE ON The Secretary of the Senate reported stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock TUESDAY NEXT that on today, January 24, 1974, he pre­ nocn on Monday next. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, sented to the President of the United The motion was agreed to; and at 6:25 .I ask unanimous consent that at 12 States the (S. 1070) to im­ p.m., the Senate adjourned until Mon­ two leaders or their designees have been plement the international convention day, January 28, 1974, at 12 noon. recognized under the standing order on relating to intervention on the high seas Tuesday next, there be a period for the in cases of oil pollution casualties, 1969. ~ransaction of routine morning business, NOMINATIONS not to extend beyond 12 o'clock noon, ·with statements therein limited to 5 min­ PROGRAM Executive nominations received by the ·utes each. Senate January 24, 1974: Mr. The PRESIDING OFFirsR. Without ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, DEPARTMENT OF STATE objection, it is so ordered. the Senate will not be in session tomor­ Thomas 0. Enders, of Connecticut, a For­ row. On Monday the Senate will convene eign Service Officer of Class one, to be an at the hour of 12 o'clock noon. After the Assistant Secreta.ry of State. ·ORDER FOR CONSIDERA· .dOl~ OF two leaders or their designees have been THE CONFERENCE REPORT ON recognized under the standing order, the DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE distinguished junior Senator from Dela­ James R. Cowan, of New Jersey, to be an THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY EN­ Assistant Secretary of Defense, vice Richard ERGY ACT ON TUESDAY ware (Mr. BIDEN) will be recognized for S. Wilbur, resigned. not to exceed 15 minutes, after which the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, distinguished Senator from Virginia (Mr. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE :I ask unanimous consent that at 12 WILLIAM L. SCOTT) Will be recognized Curtis Marshall Dann, of Delaware, to be o'clock noon on Tuesday next, the Senate for not to exceed 15 minutes, following Commissioner of Patents, vice Robert Gotts­ -resume the consideration of the confer­ which there will be a period for the chalk, resigned. ence report on the National Emergency transaction of routine morning business COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS ·Energy Act. with statements limited therein to 5 min­ Arthur S. Flemming, of Virginia, to be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without utes each, the period to extend not be­ a Member of the Commission on Civil Rights, ·Objection, it is so ordered. yond 30 minutes. At the conclusion of vice Maurice B. Mitchell, resigned. routine morning business the Senate will OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY QUORUM CALL resume its consideration of calendar John Eger, of Virginia, to be Deputy Di­ order No. 471, S. 2686, the so-called Legal rector of the Office of Telecommunications Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President Services Act. Yea-and-nay votes are ex­ Policy, vice George Frank Mansur, Jr., re­ :I suggest the absence of a quorum. pected to occur thereon. The distin­ signed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk guished majority leader has indicated DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION will call the roll. that sometime in the afternoon there Louis M. Thayer, of Florida, to be a Mem­ The second assistant legislative clerk may be a disposition to move to go into ber of the National Transportation Safety proceeded to call the roll. to begin debate on the Board for the term expiring December 31, Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Genocide Convention. 1978. (Reappointment.)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS LIKE FATHER LIKE SON Cliffside Park with a record of dedicated jump shot from up to 22 feet. He has worked service to his community, county, and hard and long to achieve his success-and he State, was an all-America basketball has had quite an impressive crew to follow. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI selection at New York City's St. John's His father, Gerard Sr., is the mayor of OF NEW JERSEY University before playing with the Syra­ Cliffside Park. He was quite an athlete, too. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cuse Nationals of the National Basket­ STRONG TIES TO BASKETBALL Thursday, January 24, 1974 ball Association. The senior Calabrese gained all-America An interesting article highlighting the honors at St. John's University in New York Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, City before joining the Syracuse Nationals of achievements of the Calabrese family ap­ the National Basketball Association. Tom's throughout the years, Bergen County, peared January 8 in the New York Times. N.J., has produced many fine athletes. older brother, Gerry, also played three years I would like to take this opportunity to at Cliffside Park, the last one with a 20-point Citizens of the county have been contin­ share this article with my colleagues as average. And an uncle used to coach high ually afforded the opportunity to witness it is a fine tribute to the dedication and school basketball. an outstanding brand of interscholastic community commitment of one individ­ "It's something he just naturally fell sports. Today, however, I would like to ual family: into," said Bart Talamini, the Cliffside coach, focus our attention on the achievements of Tom. "Hard work and determination have NEW JERSEY SPORTS: IN FAMILY TRADITION of one family in particular-the Cala­ made him excel. If he grew a little, I feel he brese family, of Cliffside Park. The name Calabrese has had a familiar could be a professional." ring in Bergen County for many years. A Tom is the shooting guard in Cliffside's Presently, high school senior Tom few years back, it appeared with regularity Calabrese is enjoying a splendid season offense, a role which has allowed him to in the box scores of college and then pro­ score more than 1,500 points and become the on the basketball courts, leading Cliffside fessional basketball games. school's career scoring leader. Last season, Park High School's attack. Tom is pres­ Today, that name is drawing much atten­ he connected on 284 of 316 attempts from ently considered to be one of the finest tion even from points beyond Bergen County, the foul line. This season he's shooting 50 scholastic basketball players in the coun­ where young Tom Calabrese is performing per cent from the floor. try and his sensational shooting has brilliantly on the court for Cliffside Park With all the glory, Tom has continued his caught the attention of many college High. quiet mannerism. "Sometimes he's so quiet, College scouts are eager to land the 6-foot you would not know he's there," said Tala­ coaches. senior for a career starting in September. However, Tom is not the first Cala­ One basketball magazine has rated Tom mini. "And he shies away from publicity." brese to shine on the courts. His older among the 15 best players in the nation. TOM'S FINEST MOMENT brother Gerry was also an outstanding The young guard is scoring about 33 points A recent game Cliffside played with its ri­ basketball player at Cliffside Park. And a game, his rate for last year, on a wide val, Englewood, was not completed because his father, Gerard. Sr., now mayor of assortment of moves and a rather accurate of a problem with the court floor, Tom 798 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 scored 35 points before play was suspended said they were "looking into the matter," as it It is the community pharmacist who with nearly two minutes remaining. involved acquiring a firearm in another State sees the patient when he enters the In one sense it was an individual battle and transporting it across State lines. between Calabrese and Englewood's super­ pharmacy each time and who, when star, 6-8 Tom Willoughby, who eventually consulted, can ask the right questions fouled out. Calabrese guarded the taller boy, USING OVER-THE-COUNTER IN­ and provide the right cautions. who plays a. guard-forward spot, holding -him TELLIGENCE MAKES GOOD SENSE I wish Jake Miller, his colleagues in to 10 points in the first half. the Kansas Pharmaceutical Association And Englewood, rated the best in the and the APhA every success in getting county, was trailing by 3 points when time their message across in the coming year. was called. HON. WILLIAM R. ROY Using over-the-counter intelligence Tom drives well and has the body control makes good sense. to get off shots while in the a.lr. His leaping OF KANSAS brings him above the rim. He'll be missed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when he graduates, but, like the other Cala­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 A POEM IN HONOR OF PRESIDENT breses, not forgotten. Mr. ROY. Mr. Speaker, I have been JOHN F. KENNEDY BY MR. GEORGE pleased this week to observe on televi­ VICTOR, POET LAUREATE OF THE sion and in the newspapers the leading 19TH OHIO CONGRESSIONAL DIS­ TRICT WHAT THEY PREACH, BUT edge of a long overdue drug _education DON'T PRACTICE campaign. Using National Pharmacy Week as the HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY kickoff time, the American Pharmaceu­ OF OHIO tical Association has begun a year long IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES program urging the public to consult the OF FLORIDA pharmacist before selecting nonprescrip­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion drugs. APhA offers the "over-the­ Mr. CARNEY of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, in Thursday, January 24, 1974 counter intelligence" of its membership these times of crisis, Americans are look­ to help people avoid the health hazards Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, a highly in­ ing to the future with doubt and pessi­ of drug interactions and improper use. mism. But it was only a dozen years ago teresting editorial was carried in the As a physician, I understand the need January issue of the American Rifleman. that a spirit of optimism and hope was for caution in selecting and using many sweeping a~ross America. The man It accurately portrays the extreme par­ of the hundreds of thousands of non­ tisanship shown by the Washington P?st largely responsible for this mood was our prescription medications on the market idealistic young President, John F. Ken­ for leftist causes and for accompanymg today. Many members of the general issues such as depriving law-abiding citi­ nedy. public do not know, for example, that If we stop and reflect upon some of the zens of the right to own weapons, even certain common antacids block the ef­ for their own defense in crime-ridden goals that President Kennedy stood for, feet of a frequently prescribed antibi­ the clouds of gloom that hang over this Washington. otic; or that aspirin or aspirin containing Interestingly, it portrays the ~fferent great land of ours may begin to lift. compounds can be harmful to the pa­ I would like to take trus opportunity, attitude shown by the Post when 1ts own tient with an ulcer. There are many representatives defy the myriad antigun therefore, to insert in the RECORD a poem other situations in which an existing written by one of my constituents, Mr. laws which have been imposed on Wash­ condition or the use of a prescription ington by the city government. It all de­ George Victor, which speaks of the goals drug can make the ·use of a drug obtained of our late President, John F. Kennedy: pends on whose ox is being gored. over-the-counter a threat to the pa­ His GoAL The editorial is worth reading. It is tient's health. entitled "What They Preach, But Don't Also as a physician, I am pleased that As time and tide have passed the last decade-- Practice," and I submit it for printing in the pharmacists have accepted the re­ the : Many. Many changes have been made-­ sponsibility of helping to safeguard pa­ But still the memory of the great J.F.K. WHAT THEY PREACH, BUT DoN'T PRACTICE tients by freely offering their time and Is here as if the past were here today. Violence in America. takes its strongest expert knowledge to patients wanting to news media form in The Washington Post He held the hopes of all in highest esteem­ self-medicate. I believe that a person And we as humans should prevau to prove Company's outbursts against firearms. Few has the right to get rid of his headaches, media can match the virulence of this or­ his dream- ganization's anti-gun campaigning on the air try to relieve his upset stomach or treat The world to have peace--Liberty-freedom a.nd in print. other minor ailments without rushing to from fear- So it is interesting to note in passing that his physician. However, I also believe Were some of the goals he held so dear- not all of its newsmen practice what The that he has a right to expert counsel in So as the decade has raced through our life-­ Washington Post and its anti-gun televislon selecting self-medication. We as people should take up a knife-- station, WTOP, constantly preach. The label is not big enough to tell Not to kill or maim or slay A Washington Post reporter was arrested everything a patient needs to know But to cut all strings that hold human life some time ago on a charge of carrying a con­ about nonprescription drugs. It does at bay- cealed firearm "within a few blocks of the not list, as a rule, prescription/nonpre­ Yes at this hallowed time of the year White House," as the Post is fond of saying We should strive to eliminate fear. sinisterly in other gun connections. He got scription drug interactions or all chronic Strive with all the power we can as humans off with a small fine, his newspaper published conditions for which the drug is con­ collect-- a. very small news item about it, and that traindicated, nor does it explain the To build in his memory-a memorial erect. presumably was that. need to vary dosage in connection with AU countries-all folks-should as unity More recently, Washington, D.C., police re­ age, weight, sex, or general condition of can- sponded to a midnight call about gunfire in health. These are things that the phar­ Bring to this earth-the goal of that man. the 1500-unit Van Ness Apartments and ar­ macist understands and can explain to Our President, yes-but also the world's rested a newswoman from the Post's WTOP­ the patient. TV. As the Post reported it, the newsman son- I have long admired the work of phar­ Who only wanted health and freedom for firoo a. .357 Magnum revolver "several times" everyone-- in his backyard. As another Washington macists like my good friend from To­ paper reported it, neighbors counted "up to peka, Jake Miller. Jake understan~s. as I Who as he strived to bring humanity to face 18 rounds." That's a lot of shooting in a do, that the pharmacist plays an Impor­ The pitfalls and recessions of the human in race dense residential area. tant role the health care delivery sys­ Was slain by the act of an inane fool- The TV newsman explained that he was tem of this country and is a valuable Using an arm of foolish wars tool. upset by the death of his father three weeks link between the physician and his pa­ earlier, "had never owned a gun and never tient. The patient may not inform his Now as I sit on this day a decade past--! wanted one," but brought the .357 revolver myself wlll try to help bring a. love-­ back from Richmond, Va., because it had physician of treatment by another phy­ that wlll forever last-- belonged to his dad. He apologized on a TV sician probably a specialist. He may not Dedicate myself to achieve all goals in his newscast that evening. Washington pollee tell of medication prescribed by his den­ name allowed him to forfeit $25 collateral and, tist. More likely still, the patient will not Please, oh please world won't you join me though the revolver was unregistered, call his physician before purchasing a in his wonderful game-- marked the case closed. Federal authorities nonprescription drug. Called Brotherly Love January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 799 BUCKLEY SPEAKS OUT FOR LIFE during the next month to bring just one nine Senate sponsors of my Human Life other person into active involvement with Amendment, seven are Protestant. They the pro-life movement. As all of you are ignore the fact that many of the most dedi­ aware, there are many, many millions of cated and articulate defenders of life are HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO persons who are no less shocked by the Protestants and Jews. No, the commitment OF NEW YORK Court's ruling, no less horrified by the tol­ to life is not narrowly sectarian; it is as broad IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eration of easy abortion than you are. And as this land, and as deep as our nation's his­ yet, many millions of these same people have toric commitment to human dignity. Thursday, January 24, 1974 not yet been activated, have not yet been In the weeks ahead, we will, I pray, be mov­ Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. encouraged to take that extra step, not yet ing toward hearings in the Senate. Your aware that what they do can make all the efforts in your states and communities will Speaker, as I noted on the floor 2 days difference in the world. Plan, then, to go have a great bearing on the work of Congress. ago, the thousands of Americans who back to your neighborhoods and towns and In the Senate we will continue to do our marched on the capitol to demonstrate select just one other person-more if you part--and let me take this opportunity be­ their concern for all human life were have the time and talent and try during the fore this gathering to thank my colleagues only a small representative sample of the next month to get him or her actively in­ in ·the Senate who have so courageously and millions more throughout the Nation. volved on behalf of life. And urge each re­ selflessly dedicated themselves to this great Rallies and demonstrations against cruit in turn :to enlist another, so that the effort. Let me mention them by name, for I last year's Supreme Court decision on ranks of those actively involved in the strug­ want you to remember them, and, as occa­ gle to protect life will truly reflect the vast sion permits, to thank them for their moral abortion were held throughout the land. public opposition to the abortion-on-demand courage. First, my distinguished friend and After speaking to those assembled here mandated by a transient majority on the colleague from Oregon, Senator Mark 0. Hat­ in Washington on Tuesday, Senator Supreme Court. field. From Iowa, Senator Harold Hughes. BucKLEY, who has emerged as the Sen­ In a larger, more political sense, there is From Utah, Senator Wallace Bennett. From ate leader in the fight for the unborn, another undertaking that can and must be Oklahoma, Senator Dewey Bartlett. From left for Philadelphia, where he addressed pursued. This is the effort to get your state Nebraska, Senator Carl Curtis. From North the Pennsylvanians United for Life. I legislatures to petition Congress for the en­ Dakota, Senator Milton Young. From North would like to share some of his remarks actment of a Human Life Amendment. This, Carolina, Senator Jesse Helms. And from with my colleagues and I include them of necessity, will require a larger-scale enter­ Mississippi, the distinguished Chairman ot prise than the first two suggestions I have the Committee on the Judiciary and the at this point in the RECORD: made. But it is an effort that will have a President Pro Tempore of the United States EXCERPTS FROM SENATOR JAMES L. BuCKLEY'S powerful influence upon those in Congress Senate, Senator James 0. Eastland. RIGHT TO LIFE SPEECH who will be making the ultimate decisions. These men have stood forth. They have At the heart of this issue lies a fundamen­ Fifteen states, as you know, have already borne witness for life. And they will ever tal choice between two wholly opposed un­ memorialized Congress, and the effort is un­ stand for life. For yours, for mine, for our derstandings of what it means to be truly derway in a number of other states. Where children's, for the very life of this nation. human. On the one side we confront the that effort is in progress, join it, encourage But their efforts will come to nought, unless so-called "new medical ethic" in which the others to support it; and where it is not yet you resolve to see this thing through, unless dignity and sanctity of the person is sacri­ underway, work with your state and local you and your friends and neighbors join ficed upon the altar of social utility; and on leaders in the movement and in political of­ together to undo the damage that has been the other hand we behold more than two fice to formulate a plan of attack. What we done and will be done to the moral :fiber of thousand years of humane wisdom and a are asking, is that we the people be entitled this country. to judge so important a matter, that the tradition which teaches that every child con­ And let us not deceive ourselves. Wha.t is ceived in his mother's womb has the right to matter of life and death is too important to called the "abortion issue" transcends those be born. be left to the arbitrary discretion of doctors evils associated with abortion. We are indeed I am often asked: Senator, what is it that and judges. The disastrous Supreme Court concerned with the moral fiber of the coun­ we can do, now? What can we do that will decisions nullified the abortion laws of all try. fifty states, and the ethical heritage of more best advance our cause? That is not quite so Do I exaggerate? It would not seem so, easy to answer as you might at first think, than twenty centuries of Western enlighten­ ment. Surely the people are entitled through judging from articles that have appeared in for there is so much to be done, and all of the cumbersome political process of a consti­ newspapers in recent months. There would us, I know, feel that most of it ought to have tutional amendment to determine for them­ appear to be a totally different attitude to­ been last week, or last month, or last year. selves whether the country shall in fact re­ ward the sacredness of life among growing First, as the old radio pitchmen used to pudiate its historic commitment to the sanc­ sections of the medical world, an attitude say, keep those cards and letters coming. I tity of human life. I have every hope that best summed up by the term "the new med­ can report to you that in the immediate your legislators will listen, just as I know ical ethic," but best understood by reading aftermath of the Court's decisions in Jan­ that those in Congress wlll be impressed by and hearing what that ethic means in hu­ uary of 1973, mall to my colleagues in the the voice of the people as expressed through man terms. House and Senate was very heavy and over­ their elected state representatives. We read of the Director of Newborn Serv­ whelmingly pro-life. . . . I am sure you Fourth, it is vitally important that you ices in a large hospital in the Eastern United realize how important a factor it is in learn to be as persuasive as possible in pre­ States stating that "There are babies ... political making. A substantial flow of indi­ senting our cause to your friends and neigh­ who have severe deformities noncompatible vidually-written letters is one of the most bors, in letters-to-the-editor, in letters to with human life" and that therefore he and sensitive political barometers as to the in­ your representatives. Master the facts, and his colleagues must make life-death deciSions tensity and breadth of public feeling on you will puncture the myth and dispel the for these babies every two or three weeks, by any given issue. I would suggest to you, fears spread by the abortionists. A truly in­ either granting or withholding life-sustain­ therefore, that you write to your Senators formed public will rally tn defense of life. In ing treatment. "Noncompatible with human and Congressmen, not just once, but often; November of 1972, after months of debate, the life" is a term so grotesque in its blend of make it a habit to sit down every week and voters of Michigan and North Dakota over­ antiseptic scientism and ethical idiocy that write a note to one or the other expressing whelmingly rejected proposals for liberalizing it sounds as if it were taken from Orwell's your concern and urging him to support the their abortion laws, by majorities of 3-to-2 in 1984. Human Life Amendments. By such action Then there is the Pediatric surgeon at you will be informing him that this is no Michigan and 3-to-1 in North Dakota. Johns Hopkins University who says that ordinary issue, that his actions are being Perhaps the most flamboyantly vicious "there are many things worse than death" observed, that his letters are being read, myth of them all is the one that says that for deformed babies and therefore he and and that you expect him to be frank and the concern for unborn life is somehow the his colleagues should be given the right to forthright in stating his views. unique preoccupation of the 21% of Ameri­ decide for the baby whether or not death is If he agrees, welcome him warmly to the cans who are Roman Catholic, and who are preferable. ranks; if he disagrees, seek to convince him intent on imposing their narrowly-sectarian It should not be surprising, given such again and again and again by reasoned argu­ moral standards on a helpless American attitudes as I have just described, that last ment. But whatever his views, you must majority. The relentless attempt to tag op­ year a University of professor in­ remind him that you are out there, that you position to abortion as a uniquely Catholic formed a meeting of the Eastern Psycholog­ are vigilant, that you intend to see this thing issue is as vicious as it is false; vicious be­ ical Association that the federal government through, that the defense of the unborn is cause it plays on hidden fears and latent should issue or withhold, depending upon more important to you than taxes or in­ prejudice; and false because every fact belies its judgment, licenses to those who wish to flation or a host of other problems that im­ the assertion. Those who make the charge become parents. I want to quote this gentle­ pinge upon our dally lives. ignore the findings of the University of Mich­ man's attitude toward the sacredness of life: Secondly, let me charge you with another igan study which demonstrates that a clear "We cannot afford the luxury of any fool simple duty. Not so simple as the first, and majority of each Protestant denomination adding to our numbers at any time." yet well within the reach of most of you. opposes abortion-on-demand. They ignore Over thirty years ago Winston Churchill The charge is simply this: that each of you the referenda of 1972 in Michigan and North spoke of the monstrous evils that would re­ leave here tonight with the firm resolve Dakota. They ignore the fact that of the sult from the totalitarian application of & 800 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 "perverted science." It seems clear that ad­ Greenwood's family lives in Jackson­ THE PUBLIC'S RIGHT TO KNOW vocates of such a science, devoid of ethical ville, Fla. He is married to the former standards, possessed of immense power and Marsha Sheppard. prestige and to a large extent supported by Bill Greenwood is a respected news­ HON. TOM RAILSBACK ·taxpayers' dollars are succeeding beyond the man and a credit to his profession. I OF ILLINOIS dreams of those enemies of civilization of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whom Churchill spoke during the dark years value his friendship and admire his of World War II. The voice of the new med­ professionalism. Thursday, January 24, 1974 ical et hic is the voice of science; but the All of us who know Bill are delighted Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, many message is the message of philosophical bar­ that the National Press Club member­ believe that any legislation ena'cted by barism. ship has decided to confer this leader­ Let it be said that because of you, at an the Congress must preserve the tradi­ ship role upon him. I know from past tional role of the press in bringing vital h our of great peril to the nation's moral life, experience that he will do an outstand­ the American people rededicated themselves information to the attention of the pub­ t o the proposition that all men are created ing job. lic. An article which recently appeared equal and that they are endowed by the Crea­ in the Boston Globe, on January 20, ad­ -tor with inalienable rights, the greatest of dresses itself to this point, and for the which is the right to life. A POSITIVE APPROACH review of my colleagues, I include the article: HON. ORVAL HANSEN [From the Boston Globe, Jan. 20, 1974] :MUTUAL BROADCASTING'S BILL A Bn.L FOR THE RIGHT To KNow OF IDAHO A long and hard battle is still going on in GREENWOOD PRESS CLUB VICE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PRESIDENT the courts and legislatures to make secure Thursday, January 24, 1974 the right of the American people to know. That right, so basic in a democracy, had HON. DON FUQUA Mr. HANSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, been thought to be protected under the First in the present era of change and chal­ Amendment until the US Supreme Court, OF FLORIDA lenge, we are again reminded that men in June, 1972, ruled in the Caldwell case that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and women of sound vision, possessing a there was no absolute protection against Thursday, January 24, 1974 the disclosure of confidential information firm faith in the ultimate goodness of when it was subpoenaed. Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, the National mankind, indeed, constitute our coun­ A number of cases since then have shown Press Club is known and respected as try's greatest asset. the great need for legislation: Last Septem­ one of the most prestigious press clubs Such a man is William H. McMurren, ber a Federal court allowed lawyers for in the world. Its membership reads like the president and chief executive officer former Vice President Spiro Agnew to sub­ a "Who's Who" of American journalism. of Morrison-Knudsen Co., one of the poena newsmen in an effort to track down Nation's largest corporations, with home news leaks about his legal problems. They Uttle doubt then that those of us from could have gone to jail for refusing to dis­ Florida are proud of the honor conferred offi.ces in my own State of Idaho. close their news sources, and probably upon one of our own in being elected In his company's monthly publication, would have if Mr. Agnew had not nullified vice president of the National Press Club the M-Kayan, Bill McMurren recently the effort by resigning on Oct. 10. for the coming year. devoted a few well-chosen words to the In another cas~. the highest court refused He is Bill Greenwood, 31, chief con­ energy crisis and related events. His last October to hear the appeals of two Baton remarks evidence the kind of thinking Rouge, La., newsmen from their convictions gressional correspondent for th'e Mutual for defying a judge's gag order by saying Broadcasting System. It is interesting to that has made him one of America's most it "could not withstand the faintest breeze note that he has also been named vice suc.cessful executives. I am inserting his emanating from the Constitution," but nev­ president of the Radio-TV Correspon­ remarks in the RECORD today so my col­ ertheless let the convictions stand. Solicitor dents' Association, the first to hold both leagues and others may have the oppor­ General Robert H. Bork agreed that report­ positions simultaneously. tunity to read this most timely and ers must obey a judge's gag order, even an important message: illegal one. And Justice Wllliam 0. Douglas Serving his fourth term as a member was the only one of the nine Supreme Court ,of the standing committee of correspon­ REMARKS BY Wn.LIAM H. McMURREN Justices who thought the case was worthy of dents of the House and Senate Radio­ Some Americans seemingly have become so review. TV Galleries, he is a native of Jackson­ obsessed with the energy crisis and other In a third case, the highest court did ville, Fla. He attended Florida State disquieting headlines of the times that they agree recently to hear an appeal from a are wallowing in gloom, if not predicting Florida Supreme Court ruling holding, 7-to- University and then American Univer­ some sort of economic Armageddon. Such 1, that a 1913 law which allows a politician sity in Washington where he received his thinking is unreasonable. free space for "any reply" to newspaper cri­ B.A. degree. There is no denying that we, as a nation, ticism of him was constitutional. A county Bill began his broadcasting career at are confronted by problems. judge had held the state cannot "assume the 13 in Jacksonville Beach, Fla. He was a There is no denying that a serious shortage editorial function and direct a newspaper television anchorman while attending of fuels and of certain materials and supplies what to print." 'FSU, Station WFSU-TV, and worked in does exist, and may continue for some time But if the people's right to know has tak­ radio stations in Tallahassee and Jack­ to come. en a pounding in some courts, some encour­ There is no denying that this nation, and aging progress has been made in Con,gress. -sonville before moving to Washington in others, have enjoyed an era of affiuence that Recently a majority of the news media or­ 1966. often has bordered on the profligate. ganizations, led by the American Newspaper Since arriving in the Capital City, he So we change our ways, even if it hurts. Publishers Association, reached general has become a familiar figure on , What is wrong with adapting to realities? agreement with a House Judiciary Subcom­ covering the Congress for the national What is wrong with working harder, and do­ mittee on a bill to protect newsmen and the educational radio network, UPI, and now ing more with less? What is wrong with people's right to know against forced dis­ Mutual Broadcasting. applying a full measure of the resourceful­ closure of confidential information. In reach­ His daily newscast is originated live ness, the technology and the versatility that ing it, subcommittee chairman Robert W. have brought us this far and will carry us Kastenmeier (D-Wis.) and Cong. William S. from the House Radio Gallery and is through again? Cohen (R-Me.) were particularly effective. heard on more than 600 radio stations. Any individual, any nation, is far better The agreement, which will be incorporated His is the only regularly scheduled live off when lean and self-sufficient than when in amendments to be considered by the full program from . fat, comfortable and dependent on others. Judiciary Committee, will result in consid­ He has covered the past two Presi­ As construction contractors, we often are erable improvement of the so-called shield dential campaigns, national nominating accused of being hopeless optimists (all the law proposal originally approved by the sub­ conventions, and inaugurations and was pessimists eventually go out of business). committee last June. the only broadcaster to provide live cov­ We readily admit to such optimism-based on First and foremost, the bill would provide realistic appraisals at this time of our com­ that no newsman could be required to dis­ erage of the funeral services for Presi­ pany's situation both at home and abroad. close confidential information or its source dent Harry Truman. As the network pool In our view, what is needed right now is a to a Federal or state grand jury or in any reporter, his broadcasts were carried on massive infusion of national confidence­ pre-trial proceeding. In a. trial itself, dis­ all of the Nation's networks-ABC, CBS, confidence in our country, in our system of closure could be required only if the court NBC, and Mutual. government, in our future, and in ourselves. were satisfied that the information was tn- January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 801 dispensable to either side in the case, could strong gun control legislation was a fad ning short of reserves of fossil fuel-that not be obtained from any other source, and instead of a dream: there are only ten or fifteen years of proven a compelling public interest was involved. oil reserves, for example. But that too has YoUTH, 16, SLAIN AT DANCE IN NE This follows, in general, the new guide­ been true for decades. In the 1920s, scare lines laid down on the subject last year by A 16-year-old Northeast Washington youth stories were being written about the danger then Atty. Gen. Elliot Richardson before he was shot through the heart and killed about that we would run out of oil because the resigned in protest against the firing of Prof. midnight last night during an altercation at then proven reserves would last for only ten Archibald Cox. a dance at a Florida Avenue NE community or fifteen years. !n the interim, consumption Instead of calling it "The Newsmen's Privi­ center, police reported. of crude oil has multiplied manyfold-and lege Act" and thus emphasizing the protec­ They said that Tyrone Johnson, of 1421 so have proven oil reserves. The fact is that tion of newsmen rather than of the public's West Virginia Ave. NE was shot in or near it does not pay to find and prove more than right to obtain information, the bill would the Martin Luther King Center in the 1300 about fifteen years' oil reserves at any time. be entitled "The News Source and Informa­ block of Florida Ave. NE, as a dance there But this time, it is said, we are short of tion Protection Act." And that is all to the was letting out. He was pronounced dead on refining capacity' Perhaps so, but why now? good. arrival at D.C. General Hospital at 12 :40 a.m. How is it teat until now, refining capacity The definition of "newsmen" would be today. was able to keep up with demand, but in the broadened to include the electronic media Police said that no arrests had been made years 1971 to 1973 it was not? and executives and corporate entitles. And as of early today. The greedy, selflf:h oil interests? If, ...s :s the privilege against disclosing a newsman's frequ~ntly charged, they have conspired to source would not apply when the newsman is create a shortage profitable to themselves, a defendant in a civil defamation case. WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS: why have they been so slow? They are no The bill, we strongly believe, is a most BUREAUCRATS GAIN, CITIZENS more powerful now than they have been for necessary one for Congress to pass this year. NIGHTMARE many years. Why did they wait so long be· We would have preferred to stand on the fore squeezing the hapless consumer? And protection afforded by the First Amendment, how do they make profits by having no on but the US Supreme Court itself has made HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK to sell? By full-page advertisements urging such a stand risky. And in the Caldwell­ OF OHIO consumers to economize on fuel? This is Branzburg cases, that court explicitly in­ simply the irrational search for a devil. vited such Congressional legislation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The answer to "Why now?" is straightfor­ The question now is what course Congress Thursday, Janua1·y 24, 1974 ward-yet I know from bitter experience how wm follow. If it heeds public opinion it will hard it is to persuade anyone other than an pass the blll, for a Gallup poll taken last Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I was economist that so simple an answer can be October and published last Jan. 4 reported opposed from the beginning to the im­ con-ect. Nineteen seventy-three is different than 62 percent of those questioned agreed position of wage and price controls on from other peacetime years because, for the that newsmen should be protected from be­ the American people. I warned then that first time since World War II, the U.S. has ing forced to disclose confidential sources­ such controls would lead to shortages had extensive price and wage controls. The a five percent increase over a similar poll ln and more regulation and intervention in key to today's shortages is the price freeze December, 1972, before most of the Water• the lives of every individual American. ordered by President Nixon on Aug. 15, 1971. gate disclosures. Has fuel oil been especially short? Aug. 15, But while the public interest ln knowing My warnings have now been fulfilled. We 1971, was summertime. It w1ll surprise no what goes on in government 1s tied directly find ourselves with shortages not onlY one that fuel-oil prices are generally lower to the freedom of the press to report what of fuel but also such commodities as in the summer than in the winter. The result goes on, there are those in government, at paper bags and numerous other mate­ of freezing prices at summertime levels was both high and low levels of it, who do not rials. The Government is unable to fix to make gasoline more profitable to produce want it reported. Hence the battle in Con­ prices and to maximize production. Once than fuel oil. Has pipe been ha.rd to get for gress may be a hard one. But if the people the Government does get involved in drilling new wells? As it happened, the con­ let their Congressmen and Senators know trolled prices for pipe and fiat steel made it how they feel, there is now an excellent these areas, production goes down, short­ more profitable to produce flat steel. prospect of enacting this necessary leglsla­ ages results, and gray and black markets PRICE CONTROLS, YES begin to make their appearance. tion. I am not enough of an expert--no one is­ In the December 31, 1973 issue of to know the million and one places where Newsweek the well known and respected prices fixed by bureaucrats on the basis of "MURDER BY HANDGUN: THE CASE economist, Milton Friedman, had an ar­ ar.1itrary rules and accidental starting points FOR GUN CONTROL"-NO. 63 ticle entitled "Why Now?" Dr. Friedman have created distortions and shortages. Some presents some of the problems that have have been dramatic, like the beef shortage resulted from the numerous attempts at and the destruction of baby chickens. But I my most have not bee:1. They are hidden 11 the HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON controlling prices. urge colleagues interstices of an incredibly c::>mplex produc­ OF 14ASSACEnJSETTS to give attention to this article. The text tion system that cannot operate without the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES follows: enormous efficiency of a market-price system WRY Now? to adapt changing demands to changing sup­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 (By Milton Friedman) plies. And many have been overcome by mil­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, in a "Running Out of Everything" was News­ lions of citizens who found ways to avoid recent letter to Members of Congress, week's cover headline some weeks back. It or evade the price controls. former Mayor John Lindsay said: dramatized the fact that, for the first time I know that it is hard for you to believe since World War n, the U.S. has begun to that so seemingly simple a. matter as price Police Commissioner Donald F. Cawley and experience major shortages not only of pe­ fixing can produce so complex a phenomenon I believe that nothing the Congress does in troleum products, but of a wide range of as widespread shortages. But then, I find it the coming year could be more important to other items. hard to believe that an automobile engine 1s the safety of our nation's police and law­ Of the many attempts to explain this state a complex matter untn I start probing abiding citizens than the enaotment of of affairs that I have seen in the media, not around in its innards when it stops func­ stringent federal firearms control. one faces up to the crucial question: Why tioning on a dark road in the early hours now? Why did shortages not emerge in 1968 of the morning. The report that Mr. Lindsay attached At any rate, if this is not the answer, what 1s a fairly complete documentation of the at the height of the Vietnam war, or in 1958, or for that matter in 1938 or 1928? What is is? In what other respect--pervasive facts and figures involving handgun different about 1973? enough to produce the pervasive effect we crimes. The report indicated that in 1972, see--is 1973 different from earlier peacetime more than 600 handgun crimes, includ­ THE MIDEAST WAR, NO years? The Mideast war is one obvious answer. ing murder, robbery, and assault were The Arab boycott it unleashed has exacer­ -committed each day. bated the shortage of crude oil. But an energy I urge my colleagues to review their shortage was well on its way before the ST. JUDE HOUSE copy of Mr. Lindsay's study. It demon­ Mideast war broke out. Government alloca­ strates conclusively that strong handgun tion of fuel was already on the way. And none control legislation must be passed by of the other shortages owes anything to the HON. JOE MOAKLEY Congress as speedily as possible in this Mideast war. OF 14ASSACEnJSETTS One popular answer-particularly for the session. energy crisis-is that consumption of energy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Included below is an account of a hand­ has been increasing rapidly. But that has Thursday, January 24, 1974 gun murder. The death of Tyrone John- been going on for decades. Why should it son, as reported in the January 12 Wash­ have produced shortages only now? Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, St. ington Post, could have been avoided 1f The response is typically that we are run- Jude House in Jamaica Plain, Mass., has CX:X:-51-Part 1 802 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 served many Boston residents who suffer participation in sports by Americans, First. The report has the most concise from alcoholism. Their fine work was re­ there is a growing need for research and presentation of current sources of reve­ cently singled out for particular praise education in the area of sports medicine. nue and expenditures for postsecondary by the U.S. Jaycees Foundation. I am For example, last year· there were over education that I have seen. This in it­ pleased to share their letter with my 17 million Americans injured in sports self will help local, State, and Federal colleagues: and recreation and all too many of these policymakers better understand the big PROJECT UPLD'T, injuries-some of which are permanent and complex picture. U.S. JAYCEES FOUNDATION, and severe disablements-could have Second. This Commission has done Washington, D.C., January 10, 1974. been prevented. We have learned, for the hard development work on a rather Mr. THOMAS W. DINEEN, instance, that very personal factors de­ sophisticated analytical model to evalu­ St. Jude House, termine both the kind and amount of ate all the many financing schemes we Jamaica Platn, Mass. exercise that one should take, and the DEAR MR. DINEEN: It is with great pleasure hear about in a way that allows some that I am able to inform you, on behalf of capability for exercise varies widely meaningful comparison. I hope research­ the U.S. Jaycee Foundation, that the Saint among individuals because of genetic ers in education will begin at once to Jude House has been selected as one of the and adaptive factors. With weekend further refine this most useful tool. country's most outstanding self-help pro­ athletes multiplying, it is time to make Third. The Commission concluded that grams. available the means of testing individual the national objectives it identified are You were chosen as a part of a four month needs for exercise and individual limits not now seriously jeopardized because of nationwide study, adm1n1stered as Project beyond which it can be dangerous. the financial difficulties of many indi­ UPLIFT for the U.S. Jaycee Foundation. En­ tries came from over 900 self-help programs, Among the board of directors, which vidual institutions. But it identified many pointing the way to new kinds of com­ includes Vice President FoRD and the warning signs and made significant sug­ mun1ty-1n1t1a.ted, community-run activities, distinguished gentlewoman from Cali­ gestions on how we might measure the and lliustrative of "what people themselves fornia (Mrs. BURKE), is Mr. Keiro Saji, financial health of postsecondary edu­ can do." chairman of Suntory Ltd., Osaka, Japan, cation in the future. The final selection was a dimcult one. How­ who expressed the hope that this pro­ Fourth. Guidelines are presented that ever, the Board of Review, research analysts gram could also become international in should move us toward the day when we and Project UPLIFT staff were impre9Sed scope, which aside from the benefits in with your initiative and success in bringing can develop meaningful cost-per-student positive change to the low income commu­ the area of health, would certainly en­ data for various segments of postsec­ nity you serve. hance our understanding and communi­ ondary education. It is the belle! of Project UPLIFT that if cations with other nations through a Fifth. After analyzing a wide variety this kind of innovative program can be common and worthwhile effort. of funding strategies, the Commission brought to other economically and soc1a.lly I commend the goals of the National concluded that targeting Federal assist­ isolated communities, the devastating effects Athletic Health Institute and I wish ance on needy students is the best of poverty may be more readily overcome. them every success in their effort to im­ On behalf of the U.S. Jaycee Foundation, strategy to achieve the goal of equal ac­ I congratulate the Saint Jude House and hope prove the health and safety of every cess to further education and to main­ that through the recognition of your success American who participates in sports or tain a viable private sector-two of our other low income communities will benefit physical activity. highest objectives. In other words, the from your experiences. Commission's analysis seems strongly to Wishing you continued success, I remain confirm the high priority many of us Sincerely, have placed on fully funding the basic SUSAN DAVIS, Project Director. QUIE LAUDS FINAL REPORT OF THE education opportunity grant program. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE Sixth. Finally, the Commission left us FINANCING OF POSTSECONDARY the fruits of its efforts to collect the most EDUCATION A SALUTE TO THE NATIONAL ATH­ complete data files possible on over 10,000 institutions of postsecondary edu­ LETIC HEALTH INSTITUTE HON. ALBERT H. QUIE cation. Government agencies, research­ OF MINNESOTA ers, educational institutions, and the Congress should have easy access by re­ HON. DON H. CLAUSEN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA mote terminals to this computerized Thursday, January 24, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES information. Mr. Speaker, I am sure all of us in Thursday, January 24, 1974 Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, today, after 14 months of hard work, the National Congress congratulate the members of Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, Commission on the Financing of Post­ this Commission for a job well done. We I would like to take this opportunity to secondary Education made its final re­ must now move forward, in cooperation bring to the attention of the House a port to the President and the Congress. with local and State governments and new, nonprofit organization dedicated to We created this Commission in the representatives of all segments of post­ the research and development of new Education Amendments of 1972. If one secondary education to develop a more techniques and equipment in the area of thing was clear from 2 years of effort on cohesive long-range policy of financing sports medicine and recreation health. that legislation, it was the shockingly postsecondary education, one that iden­ One of the primary goals of the Na­ low quality of information about the fi­ tifies the different roles to be played by tional Athletic Health Institute, Inc., is nancing of secondary education-insti­ each major source of funding this $30 a thorough and objective nationwide tutional as well as general industrywide billion and growing enterprise. study of the status of young athletes information. This report goes a long way from sandlot to campus; the quality of toward filling the gap. their equipment, playing conditions, It was a good decision on our part to medical care, injury records, and reha­ require the appointment of four Mem­ LEGISLl... TION TO REPEAL DAY­ bilitation. An average of 14 American bers of Congress to serve with 13 others LIGHT SAVING TIME boys died each year between 1931 and appointed by the President. I commend 1965 in sandlot and high school football. the work of Representatives JoHN DEL­ In Little League, some estimate that up LENBACK and JOHN BRADEMAS and Sena­ HON. LAMAR BAKER to 100,000 boys develop chronic elbow tors J. GLENN BEALL and WILLIAM D. OF TENNESSEE strain in a single year and physicians HATHAWAY. They will add a new dimen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have often traced crippling deformities sion of expertise to the work of the com­ to injuries incurred while playing high mittees which must now scrutinize the Thursday, January 24, 1974 school sports. In my judgment, these fig­ report and begin a thorough evaluation Mr. BAKER. Mr. Spe&.ker, on January ures certainly point out a need for con­ of present and proposed Federal pro­ 23 I introduced legislation which would cern and for making athletics safer for grams. repeal Public L:tw 93-148 which estab­ young people. Mr. Speaker, although none of us has lished year round daylight saving time. . With the growing awareness of the had the time to digest this 400-page re­ I did so because the large majority of relationship between good health and port, I would like to point out a few the people in the Third Congressional physical exercise, and with a growing highlights: District of Tennessee are profoundly January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 803 disturbed at the effect this legislation the Federal Bureau of Investigation con­ should aid both police efficiency, as well has had on their lives. firm the true extent of this tragedy. as police safety. Many students have written me that During this past year, 131 police and A further aid to the cause of law en­ they have been forced tc abandon part other law enforcement personnel were forcement is contained in legislation lan­ time jobs after school because of later killed in the line of duty. This figure rep­ guishing in the House which will pro­ opening hours for classes. The family resents the highest total ever recorded vide $50,000 in death benefits for the transportation schedule is completely in the time the FBI has maintained these widows and survivors of police killed in disrupted in other cases. One family records. action. We must not compound the wrote that the father had to be at work What do these figures represent be­ tragedies which those grieved widows at 8 a.m. while the children did not go to yond mere statistics? In a very human and families of slain policemen face. In­ school until ll.. a.m. Classes then dis­ sense they are translated into hundreds stead, we should act to insure their fi­ missed at a time which threw the chil­ of women and children becoming pre­ nancial security. dren into the evening ru~h hour of traffic. mature widows and orphans as the re­ Before 1973 passes on entirely, let us School athletes write they no longer sult of the depraved acts on the part of take its hard lessons. Law enforcement have time for regular after school prac­ sick and desperate criminals. Yet these is essential for this Nation. The system tice sessions. Many other extra curricular figures signify even more. They show was dealt a severe blow with the loss of activities have had to be curtailed. that 131 gallant and dedicated individ­ 131 of its members. We must prevent Teachers complain because they also uals met violent and untimely deaths as this tragedy from happening again in. have families. They have to get meals a result of merely trying to uphold law 1974. for those who leave home early in the and order in the United States. morning and tn· to have some semblance These killings are further symptoms of of schedule late afternoon and early a disease which continues to infest this night. With the change in school sched­ Nation, namely a disregard and dis­ REMEMBER OUR MIA'S ules there is no time to relax in many respect for the police. While it is true instances. Children have no time for les­ that the actual killings are done by a sons in piano and dancing is another small group of people, the lack of l'e­ HON. PETER A. PEYSER complaint. 0:::1e teacher complains that sponse on the part of the overall nation OF NEW YORK her husband goes to work at 7 a.m. and to these outrages is indicative of a deeper IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gets off at 3:30 p.m., while she must be malaise. Thursday, January 24, 1974 at school at 10 a.m. and gets out at 5: 15 Ironically, this national apathy is bal­ p.m. anced against polls which show that Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, Sunday, Another parent says she feeds her child most Americans are in support of the po­ January 27, 1974, marks the first anni­ at 7 a.m. in the morning with the rest lice due to the recognition that crime is versary of the signing of the Vietnamese of the family but the child does not have the No. 1 problem facing us today. In a peace agreement in Paris. On that date lunch period u...1til 2 p.m. and is fam­ recent poll conducted in New York City, we were finally able to bring about a ished by that time. Other children who an overwhelming 63 percent of all per­ settlement in Southeast Asia and secure eat just before they leave for school sons questioned indicated that crime was the release of our prisoners of war. I be­ have lunch at 12 ~ch makes the two the issue of greatest concern to them. In lieve that I speak for the majority of meals too close together. Schoolbus contrast the high cost of living was Americans when I say I am glad that our schedules have become most compli­ chosen by only 20 percent. military involvement in Vietnam flnally cated. The superintendent of schools de­ During this past year, I have spoken ended. cided the time change was absolutely out repeatedly against the senseless and Yet while we reflect upon our success necessary for the safety of the children. brutal killing of policemen. Let me cite let us not forget our servicemen who are Even so, they have to pick up a few chil­ for you a vivid example of a pollee mur­ still reported missing in action. There are dren in the dark in order to get the high der. In late December, an undercover approximately 1,138 MIA's, and we must school students there by 10 a.m. This in­ policeman working in Silver Spring, Md., continue our efforts to force the Hanoi formation all came from city schools. was shot to death as he attempted to government to tell us the truth about. Out in the rural areas it is even worse make a cocaine buy from an alleged the lives of our servicemen. where bus routes are much longer. · major dealer. The slain officer, 25-year­ On August 28, 1973, I wrote a letter to I find this difficult to justify. It has old William Conroy was shot repeatedly Henry Kissinger, then Secretary of not been demonstrated to my satisfac~ in the abdomen, despite the fact that he State-designate, urging that it should be tion that all this inconvenience is bal­ was unarmed. He died in a matter of the highest diplomatic priority of this anced by a significant savings in energy. minutes. Conroy's partner was also shot country to effect a complete accounting My bill simply proposes a rPturn to time but fortunately recovered. of all those servicemen who have served as it has been over the past years. As a 23-year veteran of the New York in Southeast Asia. I also wrote a letter to City Police Department, I am particu­ Le Due Tho of North Vietnam in which larly appalled at the kill1ng of policemen. I urged his government to reconsider its What can we as a nation do? First it is policy toward American servicemen NATIONAL APATHY ON LAW time to respond to the needs of the police, missing in action and to allow search ENFORCEMENT they need better protection from the teams to make the necessary accounting. lunatic fringe of the society. Maj. Anthony Shine, the son of Mr. We, as a nation, must realize that the and Mrs. George W. Shine from Pleas­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI antville, N.Y., is one of those who has OJ' NEW YORK inherent strength of a strong democracy been reported missing in action after be­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES rests with a strong and vibrant law en­ forcement system. One way to register ing shot down over Laos in December Thursday, January 24, 1974 this belief is through a nationwide rees­ 1972. I recently spoke to his mother and Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the year tablishment and revitalization of respect reassured her that I would do whatever 1973 was one of great turbulence and for the man in blue, as well as the under­ I could on her son's behalf. tragedy for this Nation. The erratic state standing that they are serving our inter­ The wives, mothers, and friends of the of our economy drove thousands of ests as well as those of our neighbors and MIA's are looking to us for action regard­ Americans to the brink of poverty; families. ing their loved ones. The peace treaty is Watergate and its related scandals have Already in 1974 policemen have been empty for those families of men missing left an indelible mark on this adm.in1s­ murdered. Yet despite this unfortunate in action. These families have not lost tration and its ability to govern. Yet for beginning there are signs that 1974 will faith and we in Congress must keep faith one particular group in this Nation, the be a better year for law enforcement in with them. I urge the State and Defense hundreds of widows and family members this country. For one thing there is the Departments and my colleagues in both of our law enforcement personnel killed recent Supreme Court decision which ex­ Houses to take the necessary action to. 1n action, 1973 was an especially tragic panded the policeman's right to search effect a full accounting of the service­ year. suspected crlmlnals. This will be its first men missing in action. Recent end-of-year statistics issued by full year of implementation, and it The letters follow: 804 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 19'74 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, INTERLOCKING DffiECTORSHIPS L. F. M'COLLUM, JR. Washington, D.C., August 28,1973. Apco Oil Corp., Director. Dr. HENRY KISSINGER, Rowan Dr1111ng Co., Director. Secretary of State Designate, Nattonaz Se­ HON. LES ASPIN DONALD M. KENDALL curity Council, Old Executive Ojftce OP WISCONSIN Atlantic Richfield, Director. Building, Washington, D.C. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR HENRY: I would like to take this op­ McCullouch Oil Corp., Former Director portunity to congratulate you on your ap­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 (Apr. 3, 1967-February 1972). pointment to become Secretary of State. This Investors Diversified Services, • Board is certainly a reflection on your outstanding Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, there has Member-4 Mutual Funds of which I.D.S. diplomatic achievements of the past four been a lot of speculation lately as to why 1s an atllllate. and a half years, and I have every confi­ the on companies behave in such a mo­ CLIFFORD W. MICHEL dence that the Senate wlll swiftly confirm nopolistic manner. I believe that a large Cities Service Co., Director. your appointment. part of the answer lies in the fact that Dome Petroleum Ltd., Director. I hope that one of your initial concerns a number of interlocking directorships JOHN B. M. PLACE as Secretary of State will be the men who exist among the oil and gas firms. These are sttll missing 1n action in Southeast Asia. interlocking directorates have the effect Marathon On Company, Director. Hanoi has yet to live up to Article 8B of the Celanese Corporation, Director. cease-fire agreement and, as a result, the of eliminating competition since com­ TODDIE L. WYNNE, JR. families of those missing in action exist ln mon directors tend to monopolize a mar­ American Liberty Oil, President. limbo. They do not know whether the men ket and provide the opportunity for ex­ New Zealand Petroleum Co. Ltd., Director. are dead or alive. No American search teams change of information. GEORGE H. BRUCE have been allowed to go into Communist I have asked Attorney General Saxbe held territory. to investigate the apparent violation of Halllburton Co., Director. It is inhumane to allow this situation to the Clayton Act, which bans interlocking Western Oil Fields, Inc., Director. exist. The peace treaty is empty for those directorates in competing companies, by ROBERT E. AIKMAN famllies of men missing 1n action. I believe 19 individuals. The various Attorney Dorchester Exploration, Inc., President. that it should be the highest diplomatic pri­ Mana Resources Gas Exploration Fund, ority of this country to effect a complete ac­ Generals who have served in the current Chairman, Board. counting of all those who have served in administration have avoided offering a Southeast Asia. It is my firm hope that as precise definition of what constitutes an STEPHEN A. WELLS Secretary of State you will pledge to make interlocking directorate. Pyramid Petroleum Inc., Officer. this commitment to the famllies of those We have all become very concerned Amarex Drllling Program, Officer. men missing 1n action. about the energy shortage and how it ALGUR H. MEADOWS Again, congratulations on your appoint­ has come about. I would like to suggest Fargo Oils, Director. ment. General American 011 Co. of Texas, Owner. Sincerely, that this problem, like so many others, is PETER A. PEYSER, a result of the activities 9f individuals. . For far too long the oilmen in this coun­ try have been allowed a free hand. They have created an international cartel be­ A BilL AUTHORIZING PARTITION HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, yond the reach of most governments. If OF JOINTLY HELD HOPI AND Washington, D.C., August 28,1973. there is to be any good to come out of NAVAJO TRIBAL LANDS Mr. LEDuc THO, our present uncomfortable circum­ Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Lao Dong Party, Hanoi, Democratic Be­ stances, it is that we should never again HON. WAYNE OWENS public of Vietnam allow the control of our resources to be OF UTAH DEAR MR. THo: I am writing you on a mat­ vested in the hands of a few men. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ter of deep urgency to the people of the A list of the 19 interlocking directors United States, and a matter which threatens follow: Thursday, January 24, 1974 to jeopardlze the Paris Accord signed by our INTERLOCKING OIL COMPANY Dm!:CTOBS-­ Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, in Septem­ -respective countries. Speciflcally, this is the SOURCE: SEC CoMPUTER SEARCH o• OIL & ber of last year I introduced a bill in­ issue of Amercan servicemen who are missing GAS ExECUTIVES in action in Southeast Asia and who are not tended as a compromise solution to the F. A. CALVERT, JR. accounted for by your country. tragic and costly land dispute between Your government has not abided by Article Hal11burton Co., Director. the Hopi and Navajo Indian Tribes in ·sB of the cease-fire agreement, and has not Mapco, Inc., Director. northeastern Arizona. At the same time, allowed any American search teams to go Calvert Exploration, Chairman of the an identical bill was introduced in the into territory which you possess. This 1s an Board. EDWINL.COX Senate jointly by the two Senators from inhumane situation, and one which could be Arizona, Mr. FANNIN and Mr. GoLDWATER. easily alleviated by your government. Surely Sedco, Director. The purpose of this proposed legisla­ your government has nothing to gain by Plateau Natural Gas Co., Director. .continuing to prolong the agony and heart­ Edwin L. Cox Co., Owner . tion is to resolve a dispute which began break of the families involved. more than a century ago, and in recent PAUL A. CONLEY times has resulted in bitter and some­ I can personally assure you that the United Pauley Petroleum Inc., Director. states Congress is deeply concerned about General American on Co., Director. times violent intertribal con:fiict and has this situation and that much of its future WUshire Oil Co. of Texas, Director. allowed tribal lands to become desolate actions concerniJ.ng your country will be J.B.LADD and unproductive. guided by what you do concernng these miss­ Prior efforts by the Federal Govern­ Jng servicemen. Ladd Petroleum Corp., Officer. KRM Petroleum Corp., Director. ment and courts to resolve this dispute Sincerely, have been unsuccessful because Congress PETER A. PEYSER, J. B. RANKIN, JR. Member of Congress. has never granted authority to the courts McMoran Exploration Co., Director. to define the territorial boundaries of the Sundance on Company, Director. two tribes in a partition proceeding. En­ TBE WHITE HOUSE, T. B. PICKENS, JR. Washington, D.C., September 7, 1973. abling legislation must be passed by Con­ Mesa Petroleum Co., Director. gress in order to bring about a lasting Hon. PETER A. PEYSER, Wainco Oil Ltd., Director. settlement. House of Representatives, JOHN SHAW, JR. washington, D.C. It is a matter of history that President DEAR PETE: Thank you for your good Offshore Company, Officer and Director. Chester A. Arthur in 1882 directed that Wllshes on my nomination. Southern Natural Resources, Director. 2.500,000 acres of public domain land be You have my assurance that the men miss- JOSEPH A. THOMAS set aside for the use and occupancy o! ing in action have not been forgotten. The Halliburton Co., Director. the Hopi, and for such other Indians as President is determined that all of them Getty OU Company, Director. wlll be accounted for to the degree that is the Secretary of the Interior may see fit humanly possible. The service of these men EARL M. JORGENSEN to settle thereon. Over the years many and the courage, devotion and sa.cr1ftce Christiana Oil Corp., Director. Navajos have moved from their adjoining shown by them and their fam111es, make it Kerr-McGee OU Industries, Inc., Director. reservation onto the original Hopi lands, clear we can do no less. LOUIS MARX, JR. warm regards, Pan Ocean Oil, Director. • Not listed in SEC report--information HENRY A. KissiNGER. Marline on Corp., Director. obtained from SEC and ms omcials. January 24, 1971, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 805 and confiict and mutual distrust has eration to present population densities made planned obsolescence the American grown between the two tribes. and locations and thereby avoiding un­ way of life. "Everything for everyone-cheap" In 1958, Congress authorized the U.S. due social, economic, and cultural dis­ was the basis tor all the soft-sell slogans. It it wears out just buy another. So we did. District Court of Arizona to determine ruption. The bill further implements the •Now the same commodities are expensive the respective interests of the Hopi and court's previous decision by providing and we are hard-pressed to find a product Navajo Tribes in the disputed area. The that each tribe will receive an equal we can afford that won't selt-destruct in five Hopis contended that the lands in ques­ share in the quantity and quality of land. seconds. The advertising tune has changed, tion belonged solely to the Hopi people, Under the bill the equal partition of )! course. "Don't buy that super-power, 15- while the Navajos asserted that the land this land will be made by the court after cyllnder, gas guzzler we shamed you Into upon which they had settled had become both tribes and the United States have buying last year. You must heretofore live your lives In total frugality because there is their own. had a full and fair opportunity to pre­ an energy crisis and you, the -public are to The district court ruled that 600,000 sent all relevant facts. The bill also pro­ blame!' acres were exclusively Hopi and that the vides funds to assist in the relocation If indeed there is an energy crisis the pub­ balance of 1,900,000 acres was owned and reestablishment of any Indian fam­ lic must accept responsibility to a certain jointly between the Hopi and Navajo ilies which are displaced by reason of the extent. The Federal Energy Office via William Tribes, share and share alike. This ruling partition. Simon never misses an opportunity to repri­ was aftlrmed by the Supreme Court of the If we do not squarely face the issues in mand the improvident public for its avarice. this matter, the sometimes brutal forces Why then do we hear so little about corporate United States. culpability? Because the long arms of big The district court also ruled that it of nature will cause the mass reduction business are too busy scratching govern­ was without express congressional au­ of livestock through drought, starvation, mental backs with the lett hand and patting thorization to partition the jointly held and disease which in turn will result in themselves on the back with the right. lands. Thus, the dispute was not com­ the forced displacement of many more BETI'ER GAUGE NEEDED pletely resolved. The two tribes have been Indians without the assistance provided Mr. Simon suggests we measure the unable to jointly administer their com­ in this bill. urgency of the crisis by the lines at the mon reservation. In fact, in supplemen­ I strongly urge that we take swift ac­ service stations and the spiraling price in­ tary proceedings, the district court has tion to adopt the bill as favorably re­ creases. Using this barometer the oil com­ found that the Navajos, who number ported by the subcommittee. panies can regulate the severity themselves about 120,000, and the U.S. Government, by controlling the fiow o! oil from the re­ as trustee, have prevented the Hopis, who fineries. The simple act o! omission, in this number about 6,500, from using any sig­ case non-distribution, would indeed create a OIL COMPANIES' PROPAGANDA shortage. Not real but contrived. That thiS niflcant portion of their one-half interest places our domestic companies on a parallel in the joint-use area. In addition, the RESENTED With the Arab blackmailers which he so absence of proper land management has vociferously condemns apparently does not created a situation which has nearly des­ disturb Mr. Simon. If he can offer us no HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH better gauge than this as proof that a crisis troyed the productivity of the area. OF INDIANA The district court stated in December exists then he 1s in the wrong position. of 1973, that unless the unregulated over­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The on corporations bombard the public Thursday, January 24, 1974 dally with promotional claptrap and statisti­ grazing of Navajo livestock on the joint­ cal rhetoric intended to convince us that use area is promptly controlled and the Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, today I wish they are doing their best for America and are area restored, neither the Hopis nor the to insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a working to keep our trust. Meanwhile we Navajos will be able to make any use of letter that appeared in the January 13, hear of widespread price-gouging, Windfall this land. 1974, Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, one profits and domestic oil shipped out a few Although there have been efforts by miles and returned to be sold as "imported" of the most widely circulated newspapers at an inflated price. Their reaction to public the two tribes to reach a negotiated set­ in my district. Although I cannot vouch outrage is wounded bewilderment, as though tlement of this problem, those efforts for the accuracy of the information, for they thought us too stupid to embrace any have been totally fruitless concerning few of us can honestly say we have all opinion but their own. even such basic issues as the control of the facts, and accurate ones, surrounding Besides enabling them to implement a 200 grazing. The Bureau of Indian Affairs the energy crisis, I feel that what this per cent or more price increase, this "crisis" has also been ineffective in establishing constituent refiects is a general lack of assures occlusion of the independents, im­ and enforcing measures which will pro­ trust felt by many Americans toward the mediate action on the Alaska pipeline legis­ tect the valuable resources of these In­ lation, and relaxation of environmental oil companies, as well as a loss of confi­ standards controlling offshore drilling, etc. dian peoples. Continued failure to cope dence in the administration, not only A convenient Mideast oil embargo and a with even these basic conservation is­ by the effects of Watergate, but by their President with an obvious affection for cam­ sues, will result in the further impover­ hesitancy in copying with the emergency paign-fund potential combine to make an ishment of the.Indians living in this area at hand. Hopefully, through the investi­ ideal climate !or cultivation o! the crisis at­ and the swelling of the public welfare gations of several congressional commit­ mosphere. Best o! all, the liability !or the roles. As Congressman LLOYD MEEDS, tees, we will have sufficient information entire problem could be shifted to the public chairman of the Subcommittee on In­ to determine whether or not an oil short­ and the environmentalists. With this in dian Affairs, has said: mind it 1s d1fllcult to dispel the vision of a age does exist, and the extent of it if it gaggle o! on magnates and PR men mllling If we !ail to make a decision at this time, does exist, and whether or not the vari­ about an executive board room, intent on it will only tend to exacerbate an already ous allegations made against the oil com­ conjuring up an energy crisis. complicated situation. panies are indeed factual. THE NEED TO WORRY Numerous hearings have been held The letter follows: Americans are obsessed with the need to over the last 2 years before the House OIL COMPAND:S PROPAGANDA RESENTED worry about something. A few years ago the and Senate subcommittees, both here in To the Editor: "in" thing was concern over the environ­ Washington, D.C., and also in the field. An Interesting postscript to the energy ment. We passed laws. Issued directives and The tribes and the Government have ex­ crisis and the accompanying emphasis on generally scrubbed up everything whether pended a great amount of time and conservation has been the realization that it needed it or not. Possibly in their zeal to for years the U.S. has possessed the technical improve our surroundings the environmen­ money in presenting and examining all potential to produce better, more efficient talists supported legislation that was unrea­ sides of these issues. The time for action forms of energy. Ever since our forebearers sonable and/or unnecessary. Certainly, is now u.pon us. constructed this country with Integrity and though, their hearts were in the right place, The bill as approved by the subcom­ ad.aptab11ity Americans have searched for since they had nothing whatsoever to gain mittee is a compromise effort to reach a and found a better way of doing everything. except a cleaner country which could be en­ final settlement of this situation which Now however, big business prefers to channel joyed by everyone. will recognize what has already been de­ creative genius into increasing profit mar­ The anatomy of a corporation places ite termined by the court and w1ll resolve gins at the expense of improving product heart 1n the immediate vicinity of its pocket- quality and efficiency. I! someone should by book, and the public be damned. remaining iSsues in an equitable manner chance express an original idea, the patent To immediately repeal every law pertain­ for all concerned. The b111 authorizes the rights a.re immedialtely bought and filed ing to conservation would serve no purpose district court to partition equally the away in some corporate tomb. except to cancel out any good done for the surface of the joint-use area between the Times have been good and it has gone vir­ country by such legislation and would facili­ Hopi and Navajo Tribes, giving oonsid- tually unnoticed that corporate giants have tate !attendng of the corporate till. Surely 806 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 realistic conservation measures can gel gambling on professional sports becomes who can least afford it? Morals aside, do we smoothly or even complement corporation irreversible, I suggest we consider the really want governments acting as shllls for objectives. In fact it is imperative that in­ arguments against it. gambling by undertaking slick advertising dustry and environment come to terms, for campaigns, ala OTB, that go beyond appeal­ do they not sustajn one another? Com­ The Wall Street Journal editorial ing to committed gamblers by implying that promise is a business byword. Why should follows: losing one's money to government book• they make an exception when it concerns [From the Wall Street Journal, Jan. 4, 1974] makers not only can be tun but may even be our natural resources? GAMBLING AND THE GOVERNMENT considered a charitable act? We realize business must make a profit. An old story tells of the confirmed gambler The arguments against legalized gambling Our economy relies en industry. Mllllons of who dutifully sat in on a weekly poker game and against broadening its scope are not us are employed by and have benefited from even though he knew it was rigged, because really new. But because of the way they our association with corporations. Most o! "it's the only game in town." Not all gam­ are being glossed over in the rush to cash in us are middle-class, non-executive, unsophis­ blers are that addicted, of course, but you on the gambling sweepstakes, sometimes it's ticated people who ask for adequate pay for might not know it from looking around. a bit hard to remember that they exist at our work and a modicum of respect from our Cities and states, searching for new ways to all. employers. This energy crisis is a thinly raise money, are busily setting up lotteries, ve1led violation of the public trust. We em­ sanctioning off-track betting and laying the phatically resent the on companies' pious spadework for casino gambling. ON SCHEDULE, WITHIN BUDGET protestations and condescending assurances It is considered a foregone conclusion, of good w1ll when their actions so obviously for example, that the New Jersey legislature belie any such intentions. and electorate soon wlll endorse casino gam­ HON. LIONEL VAN DEERUN POOR "EXPENDABLE" bling. This reflects the assumption that OF CALIFORNIA As always, the fullest impact will be felt "controlled" gambling is preferable to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the poor and the elderly, always expend­ freelance variety. It also reflects the hope able pawns in any economic chess game. that gambling revenues wlll give a renewed Thursday, January 24, 1974 They get the full clout only because they lease to the state's rundown resort towns and Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, in are so far removed from executive conscious­ such economically depressed cities as Newark. ness that they represent little more than a And the potential rake-off from gambling these days when we have become accus­ statistical afterthought. is regarded as a painless alternative to a tomed, if not hardened, to the idea that on corporation promotion consultants state income tax. defense supply contracts, particularly in (what a supposedly indigent industry needs Off-track gambling on parimutuel horse aviation, invariably exceed original cost with a promotion consultant is an enigma) racing is already legal in New York. But some estimates and appropriations, it is pleas­ have written volumes of statistical sum­ legislators and spokesmen for the off-track ant indeed to note the development of a maries in defense of the corporations. They betting agency ( OTB) hope to broaden this new plane which was completed on never refer to people, only percentage points, mandate to include legalized betting on schedule and within the contract budget. which coincidentally never total 100 per other professional sports. Their cause re­ cent. Most of us are tired of being statistics. ceived renewed impetus 1n the wake of a I had the privilege of attending the How long before we become this headline: recent scandal at Roosevelt and Yonkers "roll-out" of just such a plane, the Com­ Spokesman Says Only 4 Per Cent of Popula­ Raceways, where rigged races supposedly pass Cope R, designated by the Air Force tion to Freeze this Winter: Country Can netted a crime syndicate $3 million. Irregu­ as the YQM-98A. This is a prototype, Live With This Figure? All their facts and larities in betting patterns at the tracks high altitude, long endurance, remotely figures may impress them, out they bore us were discovered by OTB officials, therefore piloted vehicle developed and produced beyond belief. the agency looks to some like a special force by Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical in San As they have in the face of every cr1sis for honesty. Diego. the American people will tighten their belts There would seem to be an inconsistency and stoically do whatever is necessary to in demands for consumer protection agen­ Ryan's president is Barry J. Shlllito, weather the storm. We wlll play ''energy cies, coupled with demands for legalized well remembered by many in Congress crisis" because we have no choice. We im­ gambling. As Professor Irving Krlstol pointed as a former Assistant Secretary of De­ plore the perpetrators not to insult our out on this page several months ago, gam­ fense for Installations and Logistics. Ad­ intell1gence by demanding that we gullibly bling 1s "technically a swindle: the payoffs dressing the roll-out ceremonies on Jan­ accept their imperious propaganda as well. on bets must be less than fair, and the uary 4, Mr. Shillito reviewed the develop­ It leaves us, well, cold. overwhelming majority of the 'investors' ment of a plane which is aimed at remov­ c. A. JONASCH. must eventually lose their money, if the gambltng enterprise is to survive and pros­ ing the human peril from certain risky I • per." Therefore, he noted, the case for military air missions. He also took the legalized gambling is "simply an argument in opportunity to emphasize how a little favor of the government raising revenues by judicious extra spending by Congress GAMBLING AND THE GOVERNMENT swindling its citizens rather than by taxing could hasten their future appearance in them." a combat-ready capacity. HON. JACK F. KEMP Supporters of legalized gambling don't see By unanimous consent, I offer a copy it quite that way. They contend that people of Mr. Shill1to's remarks for the REcoRD: OF NEW YORK are always going to gamble, therefore why IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES not build schools and hospitals with some REMARKS OF BARRY J. SHn.LITO Thursday, January 24, 1974 of the money that would otherwise go to First of all, I would like to welcome our bookmakers and crime syndicates? There is many visitors to Teledyne Ryan. This is a Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, with the some truth in that appeal, at least as it ap­ potentially rather signlftcant occasion in that prospect of legalized gambling spread­ plies to horse racing, whose attraction over­ you are participating in the "roll out" of one ing to professional sports, the Wall whelmingly is to bettors rather than to of the major advancements as regard un­ those attracted by its pageantry. But pro­ manned vehicles. In months and years to Street Journal saw fit to enumerate the fessional sports, despite the mlllions of dol­ come, you are going to hear much more about several arguments against it in an edi­ lars wagered on important contests, still pri­ these vehicles, and I hope particularly much torial on January 4, 1974. marily appeal to the emotions and loyalties more about this program which is identlfted The success of offtrack gambling on of non-gamblers. That is one reason why as Compass Cope. parimutuel horseracing in New York NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle is dead-set On 13 June, 1972, Teledyne Ryan received State expectedly has caused a rush to against every proposal to legalize bets on pro its cost-plus-fixed-fee contract for the Com­ cash in on the gambling sweepstakes. football. He also knows the higher stakes pass Cope program. Roy Fields and Bob But certain fundamental differences be­ would compound the league's security prob­ Reichardt assure me this was really a no­ lems, and would plant seeds of suspicion and fee type contract. This was about 12 months tween horseracing and professional doubt every time a game didn't go accord­ after a similar award was received by Boeing. sports cannot be passed over. Horse­ ing to form. On June 9, 1972, Teledyne Ryan received a racing appeals primarily to gamblers; The rush to broaden and extend legalized letter relative to this program from Lieu­ professional sports appeal primarily to gambling is unlikely to abate any time soon, tenant General James Stewart, Com.ma.nder devotees of competition and athletic yet it might be well to ask some fundamental of the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Divi­ sk111. NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle is questions. Do we really want the Super sion. It states in part: dead set against legalized bets on pro Bowl, World Series and pro basketball play­ "The program objective is to demonstrate offs to become little more than exercises in the feasibility of a high altitude, long endur­ football knowing of the increased se­ wagering? Do we want state governments, ance remotely piloted prototype vehicle. Un­ curity problems the league would face many of which permit parimutuel wagering der the prototype concept, this demonstra­ and the increased fan suspicion of rig­ at race tracks under controlled conditions, to tion must be accomplished within the llmita ged games. lend themselves wholeheartedly to a vice imposed by the funds to be placed on con­ Before the momentum for legalized that trades on cupidity and exploits those tract. If this funding control cannot be ac- January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 807 compllshed, the program will automatically This engine itself is truly unique and a together a $74 blllion budget. In other words, be terminated. Admittedly, the funding con­ highly sophisticated advancement 1n engine this $1.7 mlliion, relating to a program that straints being imposed on this program are technology. 1s meeting all its milestones, literally "sUpped severe. However, I am confident that highly The Friday before Christmas, 21 Decem­ through the cracks." skilled engineering and management person­ ber, we had a "button up" ceremony for our I would leave you with one other point. I nel exist within the Ryan Company who can people-our team-who had been dedicated used the word "team" in defining our Tele­ bring this program through to success." to the accomplishment of this program. My dyne Ryan effort on Cope. I want to empha­ From the inception of this award, TRA put primary purpose at that get together was to size that this has really been an Air Force/ together a team, under the superb leadership congratulate our Teledyne Ryan truly dedi­ TRA team effort. Every step of the way there of Messrs. Arthur J. Sull1van and NormanS. cated group of people. On the 21st of De­ has been complete and open communications Sakamoto, that was determined to meet or cember, as many of them know, we received and a desire, above all else, to get the job beat the stipulations contained in the Stew­ a wire from the Air Force Program Director, done within the very ttght constra.lnts. art letter. Rather early in the program, par­ Colonel Hemenway, a portion of which reads ticularly early this past year, we decided that as follows: total cost could be minimized by delivering "Congratulations on meeting this im­ both of our "roll out" models concurrently. portant milestone on time and within cost. WHY NOW? J'AMOUS FIRSTS The Air Force recognizes this achievement as It is my understanding that this dual "roll a significant step forward in the develop­ out" is a fl.rst. Ryan, as you know, has a his­ ment and furthering of the Drone/RPV con­ HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE cept in the appllcation of aerospace power. I tory of "firsts" in aviation. These range from OF INDIANA major aircraft developments almost a half recognize that your people, under the lead­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES century ago, to unmanned vehicles today. A ership of Mr. Sullivan, have worked long and few of these sometimes forgotten "firsts" are: hard. Please convey my personal appreciation Thursday, January 24, 1974 In 1926 Ryan produced its M-1 passenger/ for all the dedicated etfort in accomplishing mall plane-the first monoplane to be pro­ this task under very d111lcult time and Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speak.ler, dur­ duced in volume in the United States. budget constraints. I am looking forward to ing the Christmas recess of Congress, The "Spirit of St. Louis,'' built by Ryan an exciting, challenging, and successful Prof. Mllton Friedman published an ex­ Airlines, was rolled out on April 28, 1927 and :flight demonstration program. Again, con­ cellent essay on the causes of the cur­ made its first :flight the same day. Lindbergh gratulations on a job wen done, and I wish rent economic disruptions which ap­ actually arrived in San Diego to discuss the you all a Happy Holiday Season." peared in the December 31 issue of News­ aircraft on February 23, 1927. Work was be­ RELATIONS WITH CONGRESS week maga:zine. gun five days later. This, of course, was the Without fear of contradiction, I can state Professor Friedman's arguments point first aircraft to cross the Atlantic, from New that I have had more experience than any­ the blame for the present shortages of York to Paris, non-stop, on May 20 and 21, one 1n this audience in explaining individual 1927. I am told that there could have been and collective weapons systems, cost growth, vital materials directly at the chief cul­ a few minor overruns on the "Spirit" but overruns, etc. to the Congress and the Ameri­ prit--the wage and price controls that that these costs on this historic aircraft were can public. These experiences have not been have unnaturally restrained the opera­ absorbed very simply by employees working among my more enjoyable experiences. tion of the free enterprise system. He in a dedicated, partially non-compensated I know that all of us at various times have answers the key question "Why now­ manner. This spirit still exists. been exposed to the significant amount of the energy crisis?" by responding: The Ryan ST, produced in 1939, was used publicity given to the various instances of during World War II. It was the first low Nineteen seventy-three is d11ferent from DOD weapons cost growth. Seldom do we hear other peacetime years because, for the first wing mono plane, primary m111tary trainer. of programs that met their mllestones and The Ryan FR-1 Fireball of 1944 was the tlme since World War II, the U.S. has had were developed within the planned dollars. extensive price and wage controls. The key world's first combination jet-propeller pow­ For some reason, good news often doesn't ered aircraft. It was really our Navy's first seem to make news. It may not in this in­ to today's shortages is the price freeze or­ jet aircraft. stance, I would hope, however, that our dis­ dered by President Nixon on August 15, The Ryan X-13 verti-jet pioneered V/STOL tinguished Congressman and the members of 1971. research planes. It was the world's first jet­ the press take note of this !act, and that this Milton Friedman's ideas make a lot of powered aircraft capable of vertical takeotfs truly outstanding accomplishment on the sense, and I commend his essay to the and landings. It was built in 1957, and I un­ part of the Air Force and the contractor re­ my derstand Claude Ryan considers it to be ceives just a little recognition. Both our attention of colleagues. The full among our company's greatest technical military and our aerospace industry are too text is printed hereinbelow: achievements. All other later V /STOLS prof­ often c:rltlclzed and too seldom compli­ WHY Now? ited significantly from this development. mented. (By Milton Friedman) Ryan built the first jet powered drone air­ The Compass Cope Program can and should "Running OUt of Everything" was News­ craft in 1948. The latest standard sub-sonic become a major step forward in the 'further week's cover headline some weeks back. It Firebee I has been in production in Ryan acquisition and utlllza.tion of Remotely dramatized the fact that, for the first time since 1950-longer than any other manned Piloted Vehicles. Unfortunately, the immedi­ since World War II, the U.S. has begun to or unmanned aircraft produced in the ate fUght test program for these two vehicles experience major shortages not only of pe­ United States-and probably elsewhere in 1s somewhatt uncertain as to schedule due to troleum products, but of a wide range of the world. a very recent $1.7 mlliion cut in the Air other items. Every U.S. space vehicle, manned or un­ Force's FY 1974 program by the Congresb Of the many attempts to explain this manned, which has landed on the moon has These aircraft could have :flown by the first of state of atfalrs that I have seen in the media, done so with the guidance of a Ryan Landing February, 1974. Interestingly, practically not one faces up to the crucial question: Radar (and we Will be providing the same evMY member of Congress iS completely sold Why now? Why did shortages not emerge support for the Viking Lander when it lands on the future and, most importantly, the eco­ in 1968 at the height of the Vietnam war, on the surface of Mars on July 4th, 1976). nomic need ror these type vehicles. Any delay or in 1958, or for that matter in 1938 or The first U.S. unmanned soft landing on the in moving ahead with vehicles of this type 1928? What is different about 1973? moon, Surveyor 1 with Ryan Landing Radar will have an adverse economic and oper­ ational impact on our country. Up to very THE MlDEAST WAR, NO aboard, was on June 2, 1966. The historic The Mideast war is one obvious answer. first manned landing was made on July 20, recently, remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) performed a number of missions in ditferent The Arab boycott it unleashed has exacer­ 1969 aboard an Apollo Lunar Module guided bated the shortage of crude oll. But an en­ by Ryan radar. places under a cloak of secrecy. The publlc was unaware of their roleand ergy shortage was well on its way before the The BGM-34, rolled out in February 1973, only a very few persons in government were Mideast war broke out. Government alloca­ was the first unmanned strike aircraft with permitted to know of their activities. Their tion of fuel was already on the way. And a capabillty to launch Maverick, Hobo and comparatively insignificant funding, plus none of the other shortages owes anything Shrike missiles. this very recent awareness of their capa­ to the Mideast war. So the Compass Cope aircraft represents blllties, undoubtedly is the reason Congress One popular answer-particularly for the another first for Ryan in the very advanced has not been able to give too much of their energy crisis--is that consumption of en­ unmanned vehicle field and, again, to my attention to this very small segment of the ergy has been increasing rapidly. But that knowledge this is the first time any com­ DOD budget. I know enough about the has been going on for decades. Why should pany has built two roll-out aircraft, side by budget process and our Congress to firmly it have produced shortages only now? side, and delivered them, ready for :flight, at believe that sound programs such as this The response is typically that we are run­ the same time. will be approved and, in fact, accelerated. I ning short of reserves of fossil fuel-that Let me assure you, this is a major com­ am sure that the $1.7 million decrease does there are only ten or fifteen years of proven plex system. It will :fly at a very high alti­ not reflect any negative attitude on the part oil reserves, for example. But that too haS tude. It has long endurance and a very long or the Congress relative to RVPs, and un­ been true for decades. In the 1920s, scare range. It has a 4,050-pound thrust turbo fan cloubteclly 18 a correctable, unintended fall- stories were being wrttteri about the danger engine, made by the Garrett Corporation. ou• 1'811Ul1iiJll tram the complexity of putting that we would run out of oil because the 808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 then proven reserves would last !or only leagues a letter I received recently from the December 26, 1973, Wall Street Jour­ ten or ft!teen years. In the interim, con­ Mr. J. W. Pinkston, Jr., the executive di­ nal. With all of the wild statements com­ sumption of crude oil has multiplled many­ rector of Grady Memorial Hospital in ing from Washington, he thought it was fold-and so have proven oil reserves. The !act is that it does not pay to find and prove Atlanta: time we again establish some common­ JANUARY 16, 1974. sense in our reasoning. more than about fifteen years' oil reserves Hon. ANDREW YOUNG, at any time. This was a long article. It was writ­ But this time, it is said, we are short of House of Representatives, ten by Dr. W. Philip Gramm, professor refining capacity. Perhaps so, but why now? Washington, D.C. DEAR MB. YOUNG: As Executive Director of of economics, and Dr. Richard R. Davi­ How is it that until now, refining capacity one of the largest non-profit, general hos­ son, professor of chemical engineering was able to keep up with demand, but in the pitals in the Southeast, I feel that you need at Texas A. & M. University. The fol­ years 1971 to 1978 it was not? lowing sections highlight some of the The greedy, selfish oil interests? I!, as is to be aware of what is happening to the price frequently charged, they have conspired to of fuel oil that we burn in our steam plant for basic logic. create a shortage profitable to themselves, heating and other related requirements nec­ Let us have more commonsense and why have they been so slow? They are no essary for the operation of our faclllty. solve the energy crisis before it causes more powerful now than they have been !or Last July 1, 1973, we entered into a contract more cutbacks in industry. many years. Why did they wait so long before with Exxon Company, U.S.A., for 760,000 gal­ The article follows: squeezing the hapless consumer? And how lons of #5 fuel oil at a dellvered pri<;:e of 0.13113 per gallon. As of December 1978 our FAIR PRICING WILL PRonucE MoRE OIL do they make profits by having no oil to sell? By full-page advertisements urging price had increased to 0.20075 per gallon. We What, then, could we expect of free market have jtJSt been notified that effective Janu­ pricing by itself? Where would the additional consumers to economize on fuel? This is ary 12, 1974, our price has been Increased to supplies of oil come from if prices rise? Like simply the Irrational search for a devil. 0.29217 per gallon, over 100% Increase in 7 an iceberg, 90% below the surface of the The answer to "Why now?" 1s straightfor­ months. ocean, about 90% of the known oil in the U.S. ward-yet I know !rom bitter experience how We have had no problem in getting the oil is unrecoverable at present prices, existing in hard it is to persuade anyone other than that we need from Exxon, but we do feel that fields that are now considered largely de­ an economist that so simple an answer can you need to see what is happening to the pleted. But, as an iceberg floats higher when be correct. Nineteen seventy-three is d11fer­ price, if you are not already aware of the the sea becomes denser, so more oti reserves ent from other peacetime years because, !or situation. become available when the price rises. the first time since World War II, the U.S. Your interest and any comments you may To put this in perspective, In 1969, before has had extensive price and wage controls. have regarding this critical situation will be the energy shortage developed and when The key to today's shortages is the price appreciated. there was little prospect of higher oil prices, freeze ordered by President Nixon on Aug. Sincerely yours, cumulative production in the U.S. was 84 bil­ 15, 1971. J. W. PINKSTON, Jr., Has fuel oil been especially short? Aug. 15, lion barrels, and recoverable reserves were Becret4f11-Treasurer. about 31 billion barrels. (The Alaskan North 1971, was summertime. It will surprise no Slope strike has increased this to about 89 one that fuel-oil prices are generally lower Mr. Speaker, this morning's news­ billion barrels.) Yet there remained in these in the summer than in the winter. The re­ papers inform us that Exxon's profits same reservoirs, in fairly well-defined loca­ sult of freezing prices at summertime levels rose 59 percent in the fourth quarter of tions and volumes, 285 bllllon barrels notre­ was to make gasoline more profitable to coverable at existing prices. The technology produce than fuel oil. Has pipe been hard to 1973. We also know that these oll in­ dustry executives contributed at least exists to recover much of this oil. Even now, get for drllling new wells? As it happened, over a fourth of the oil produced in this the controlled prices for pipe and fiat steel $5.7 million to President Nixon's reelec­ tion campaign. We are all too aware that country comes from fields subject to arti­ made it more profitable to produce fiat steel. ficial water floods, but even after successful PRICE CONTROLS, YES while the American people send their water flood, about 50% of the original oil re­ I am not enough of an expert--no one children to school in the dark, wait in mains in place. is--to know the million and one places long lines to pay more for less and, even There are a large number of so-called where prices fixed by bureaucrats on the in the face of runaway infiation and ris­ "tertiary" recovery techniques that include basis of arbitrary rules and accidental start­ ing unemployment, pay a disproportion­ steam and fire drives, dissolving the oil with ing points have created distortions and short­ ately large share of Federal taxes, these miscible gases or Uquids and methods em­ ages. Some have been dramatic, like the beef oll executives profit immensely, un­ ploying detergents that literally wash the oil storage and the destruction of baby chick­ threatened by an administration which !rom the rock. The high temperature meth­ ens. But most have not been. They are ods are particularly effective with highly hidden In the interstices of an incredibly ls so beholden to them that lt cannot ac­ viscous oils. There are estimates that up to 50 complex production system that cannot op­ cept a stiff tax on their benefactors' ex­ blllion barrels of low gravity, viscous oti are erate without the enormous efficiency of a cess profits. recoverable by these methods. On the other market-price system to adapt changing de­ Grady Memorial Hospital is a non­ hand, miscible fluid recovery techniques with mands to changing supplies. And many have profit institution. Thus, every dollar that higher gravity oils are capable of recovering been overcome by mlllions of citizens who goes to further swell the profits of Ex­ as much as 90% of the oil In place. found ways to avoid or evade the price con­ xon comes out of much-needed resources While in time, more and more of this hid­ trols. for healing our sick and injured citizens. den part of the iceberg wm become available I know that it is hard for you to belleve as improved technology brings down the cost that so seemingly simple a matter as price I urge my colleagues to bear this ex­ and risk, a few dollars per barrel price in­ fixing can produce so complex a phenom­ ample in mind as we are once again crease would likely have the eft'ect of tripling enon as widespread shortages. But then, I asked to forget these perversions whlle U.S. oil reserves. Just how fast this additional find it hard to believe that an automobile we gut hard-won environmental safe­ on would become available as the price rises engine is a complex matter until I start guards and grant still more power to an is impossible to answer with precision. How­ probing around in its innards when it stops administration which has mismanaged ever, between 1947 and 1972 the record indi­ functioning on a dark road in the early so much so monumentally. cates that every 1% increase In prices of re­ hours of the morning. It is now clear who is sacrlftcing and fined petroleum products was on average as­ At any rate, 1! this is not the answer, what sociated with a 4% Increase in the production is? In what other respect--pervasive enough who ls profiting from this so-called of gasoline. This fact bears out what the bu­ to produce the pervasive eft'ect we see--is "crisis." Our responsibllity as represent­ reaucrats have been saying: Oil men are 1973 dlft'erent !rom earller peacetime years? atives of the people should be equally greedy. If you raise the rewards for produc­ clear. tion, they produce more to get it. If real prices fall, as they have under price celllngs. production falls oft'. EMERGENCY ENERGY LEGISLATION FAIR PRICING WILL PRODUCE MORE In a free market, all marginal or stripper on.. wells that could produce profitably would soon be in operation. There are over 350,000 HON. ANDREW YOUNG stripper wells 1n the U.S., producing 10 bar­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS rels per day or less and tens of thousands OF GEORGIA more shut down which could be made opera­ o• TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tione.l on short notice. Production from these Thursday, January 24, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES wells could probably increase stripper pro­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 duction by 20% to 25%. Though some of Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, these wells would require renovation, most as another attempt to enact emergency Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, could be on stream in six months to a year energy legislation comes before us next one of my constituents sent me an ex­ and could produce about 2:50,000 barrels per week, I would like to share with my col- cellent editorial that he has saved from day. The even larger inputs from secondary January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 809 and tertiary production and increased ex­ allow the results of the spring harvest to sumably, low rates, the cost of heating and ploration would be felt more slowly. Within a be duly evaluated. During this time, our lighting has gone up again, this time 14 per 24-month time frame, new production ap­ cent. The higher price---TVA's seventh rate Commerce and Agriculture Department increase in six years-wm show up on next proaching one mlllion barrels per day might officials should be able to develop proper be expeoted and this source would gush forth month's bill. in ever increasing quantities untll stopped planning to make certain that we do not The average consumer can figure on spend­ by declining prices. run short of wheat as a result of any ex­ ing an extra $2 a month to accommodate The free market oU price in constant dol­ cessive exports so that our consumers the increase. The total blll, with these an­ lars would be below $8 per barrel. At $8, a will not be faced with any drastic price nual increases, is about 90 percent more than vast amount of energy from other sources increases. it was six years ago. would cut deeply into the conventional oU Speaker, I invite my colleagues to The higher rates concern Rep. Evins, one Mr. of the biggest friends TVA has ever had. market. Not only would coal and nuclear en­ join me in support of this wheat embargo ergy replace oil and gas for power genera­ "I deplore the recent rate increases an­ tion, but gas from coal would supplemelllt and I respectfully request that the full nounced by TVA-I fear that TVA is destroy­ n.aturaJ gas supplies; and methyl alcohol text of this measure be printed as ing its image as the low-cost power yard­ from coal could undersell gasolme. The U.S. follows: stick of the nation," he said. has some of the best coal deposits in the A bill to amend the Export Administration Rep. Evins thinks there may be some col­ world-at least 200 blllion tons (equivalent to Act of 1969 by establishing a temporary lusion between the Office of Managemen~ roughly 900 blllion barrels of oU and sig­ embargo on the exportation of wheat and Budget and TVA. If TVA raises its rates, nificantly in excess of world crude reserves). Be it enacted by the Senate and House of some may reason, then private power com­ There are also huge reserves of shale and tar Representatives of the United States of panies can use TVA as an example to justify sands that could make a significant contribu­ America in Congress assembled, That the their rates increases. tion at these prices, and even solar energy Export Administration Act of 1969 (Public The gist of Rep. Evin's argument is that oould make inroads into the space heating Law 91-184), as amended, is further amended TVA seems headed toward a high-rate yard­ market in many localities. by: stick, rather than a low-rate one. Gaseous and liquid fuels from coal have SECTION 1. That during the one hundred Certainly, the TVA has experienced in­ a longer lag time than increased petroleum and eighty-day period, beginning on the creased costs of operation, just as all Ameri­ production, but the potential contribution tenth day after the date of the enactment cans have, but the ab111ty of TVA to generate is such that it places an absolute upper limit of this Act, no person, corporat~on, associa­ revenue from congressional appropriations, on ultimate fuel prices. For instance, methyl tion, cooperative, or similar group shall ex­ bond sales and operating revenues causes alcohol, produced from coal, can compete port from the United States any wheat. some to wonder why TVA shouldn't be one with gasoline at oU prices well below $8 per SEc. 2. Any person, corporation, associa­ power company able to hold down its rates. barrel. Furthermore, methyl alcohol is over tion, cooperative, or slmUa.r group who vio­ Cheap power is and always has been the 100 octane, lead-free, much cleaner burning lates the first section of this Act shall be chief reason for TVA's eXistence. That than gasoline, and, as a by-product, it could fined not more than $5 per bushel of wheat shouldn't change now. save billions in pollution abatement. With exported or be imprisoned for not more than In this area of public power rates there these many energy alternatives, given the one year, or both. is plenty of room for political demagoguery opportunity, the free market system would and no doubt there will be e1forts by some provide adequate fuel for rapid economic to tie TVA shortcomings, if that's what they expansion. are, to President Nixon's coattails. But Rep. Evins generally steers clear of TVA RATE HIKE ENGENDERS solely partisan prater. The questions he has GILMAN URGES A HALT TO WHEAT PROTESTS raised are ones that Tennesseans have a EXPORTS sta.ke in. The TVA, if it is to continue in the role for which it was created, should HON. JOE L. EVINS fully explain why users must bear this in­ crease. HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN OF TENNESSEE OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES (From the Tennessean, Dec.18, 1973] Thursday, January 24, 1974 BILL WoULD ALLow TVA To DEDucr Thursday, January 24, 197 4 Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, POLLUTION COSTS Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am intro­ for the seventh time in 6 years, the Ten­ WASHINGTON.-A bill giving TVA the right ducing legislation on January 28, 1974, to charge o1f against its U.S. Treasury pay­ nessee Valley Authority has announced ments $100 million to $150 milllon in annual amending the Export Administration Act a power rate increase, which I feel is of 1969 to place a temporary embargo on pollution control spending was announced unjustified and unwarranted. yesterday by Rep. Joe L. Evins. the exportation of wheat from the United In an effort to strengthen TVA's Evins and the Tennessee Valley's other States. financial position and hopefully to pre­ senior congressman, Rep. Robert Jones of Along with current shortages of fuel vent further rate increases, I have been North Alabama, are the bill's principal spon­ oil and gasoline, we are now being told pleased to join with Congressman BoB sors. All 18 of the Tennessee Valley's con­ by both the Agriculture and Commerce JoNEs of Alabama other Tennessee Val­ gressmen are cosponsors. If the bill could receive early committee Departments and industry spokesmen ley congressmen in introducing H.R. that there exists an imminent shortage hearings and pass Congress quickly, it might 11929, a bill which would permit TVA elim1nate the need for another 20% TVA of wheat prior to the first spring harvests to credit against its annual repayments rate increase anticipated for June or Octo­ in late May and early June. to the U.S. Treasury the costs of pollu­ ber 1974. At a time when a shortage of many tion control measures. But there is no possib111ty that it could commodities exists, the possibility of not The Nashville Banner, in a recent edi­ become law in time to head off or alter the having enough wheat to meet our domes­ torial, supported my position in opposi­ 16 to 23% rate increase just announced by tic demands is an outrage to all our citi­ the TVA board for January. tion to escalating rate increases. The bill simply would give to TVA the zens, particularly in light of the large In this connection and because of the privilege long enjoyed by private power com­ quantity of wheat now being exported. interest of my colleagues and the Ameri­ panies of federal taxpayer assumption of Last year, our Nation exported over can people, I place in the RECORD here­ their costs of meeting federal environmental 1,400,000,000 bushels of wheat with the with the editorial from the Nashville requirements. All of the companies, as far as highest percentage going to Red China, could be learned yesterday, are passing these Banner and an article from The Ten­ benefits, on to their stockholders--not their the , and Japan. Because of nessean concerning the bill recently in­ these exports and the failure to learn the rate payers. troduced to assist the Tennessee Valley The Evins-Jones proposal simply credits lessons of the disastrous wheat deal with Authority. certified TVA expenditures for pollution con­ the Soviet Union, the price of bread in The editorial and article follows: trol to the interest payment the TVA makes my congressional district has already each year to the U.S. Treasury, according to jumped an average of 3 cents a loaf in [From the Nashvllle Banner, Dec. 18, 1973] Evins. This interest payment now ranges the past few weeks and threatens to go TVA RATE HzKEs RAisE QUEsTioNs WJ.TH from $55 milllon to $65 milllon each year. even higher. We should not ask the Amer- CoNSUMERS .. The credits for TVA would be somewhat ican consume11 to endure such a severe Rep. Joe L. Evins of Smithv11le has spoken slmlla.r to those already provided by the Con­ for thousands of Tennesseans in expressing gress for pollution control equipment and penalty in order to enhance foreign trade. concern and wonder over the latest increase other investments by private industry," Under the provisions of this bill, all in power rates by the Tennessee Valley Au­ Evins added. wheat exports would be halted for a 6- thority. "Through enactment of various measures, month period, a period of time that will In the heartland of public power and, pre- the Congress has recognized that relief C:XX--52-Part 1 810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 should~ granted to private industry for in­ America, riding roughshod over the working une? Where are the pathfinders-Lewis and vestments which were required for the bene­ class and the labor Unions. Clark, Charles Lindbergh and Nell Armstrong, fit of the general pubUc, such as fac111ties to to name a few? enhance the environment. The list is endless. If portraits are needed "The consumers of TVA power are re­ to dramatize two centuries, you can take quired to make s1m1lar investments for the WORST JOKE IN 200 YEARS your pick from within our own borders, in­ benefit of the general pubUc yet there has cluding many 1mmigrant6 from other lands. been no acknowledgement of this vast Granted, the planning for the Bicentennial expenditure.'' observance has been uneven, often halting HON. H. R. GROSS and short of real achievement on a national OF IOWA scale. But hundreds of communities, many States and regions have pitched in with their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES own projects and are moving ahead to the THE RUSSIANS ARE STILL COMING Thursday, January 24, 1974 anniversary with enthusiasm and pride. Granted, too, there has been honest dis­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, from the agreement. One group, for example, feels HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK beginning I have been a critic of the pre­ that the basic alms of the American Revolu­ OF omo posterous waste of the American taxpay­ tion are being overlooked. But such things IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers' money that is represented in the are legitimate dissent-which ls the Ameri­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 American Revolution Bicentennial Com­ can way. mission, recently promoted to full bu­ The mural in Washington 1s something Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in a reaucratic glory by being converted into else. number of speeches I have been pointing an agency-one which, incidentally, will A member of the staff of this magazine out the Soviet need for advanced U.S. asked an official of the District of Columbia undoubtedly be in existence for years Bicentennial Commission about the inclu­ technology in a number of areas. Soviet after 1976 has faded into history. sion of the Communist figures. The explana­ reliance on Western technology has been I am not opposed to a celebration of tion was that those people are a valid part well documented by Anthony Sutton in the birth of this Nation, but I do not be­ of the American scene because "all were in­ his works. lieve the muddled plans developed by volved in some way with the United States Although the Soviets require Western this outfit are either meaningful or over the past 200 years." technology, they would rather be able to proper. They are already far afield in When asked what Marx, Engels, Stalln obtain it through "arrangements" rather some instances. and Mao had to do with the U.s., the offic1a.l. than by paying cash. The United States Typical of the boondoggles fostered irritated, broke off the conversation. Export-Import Bank and the Commodity The muralist explained to a reporter for and paid for by these bureaucrats is the "The Washington Star-News" th&~t his em­ Credit Corporation, both financed in disgusting project sponsored by officials ployer told him to "make faces" on the walls, large part by the American taxpayer, of the District of Columbia which re­ so he sketched those he considers interesting. have helped provide credits to the Soviet sulted in a hate-America mural on the He called it a "lot of fun" and seemed to Union. Wall Street is also becoming a walls of this city's so-called Bicentennial regard the whole affair as a very clever joke. place that the Soviets may turn to for Center. Marx, Stalin and Mao as characters in an financing of their various "deals." U.S. News & World Report Editor, American panorama-this ts a joke? The following article from the Los An­ Howard Flieger, comments in the Janu­ It 1s a coarse insult to the very word, a geles Times of Wednesday, December 19, desecration of everything truly American ary 28, 1974 issue of the magazine and from 1776 to today. It is high Jinks of the 1973, entitled "Russians Turn To Wall I believe he expresses the feeling of the lowest order, done in the poorest taste. Street 'Comrades' " provides an interest­ vast majority of Americans who have Those who had anything to do with it­ ing commentary on the Soviets' efforts to heard of this farce. whether through dellberate participation, gain financing in this country and their I commend Mr. Flieger for this article irresponslbntty, arrogance or plain igno­ views of those who are opposed to the and include it for insertion in the REcoRD rance-should hang their heads in shame. increasing giveaway programs to the So­ at this point: viet Union. I think that it is time that WORST JOKE IN 200 YEARS the United States stop their welfare pro­ (By Howard PUeger) gram to the Soviets. The text of the ar­ BILLIE JEAN CARSON OF NEWTON ticle follows: With varying degrees of originality, com­ FALLS, OHIO, RECEIVES RED munities all across the nation are getting CROSS CERTIFICATE OF MERIT RussiANs TuRN TO WALL STREET "CoMRADES" ready to celebrate the 200th a.n.niversary of Moscow.-Wa.ll Street 1s becoming the So­ the United States in 1976. viet Union's best friend in America.. In 1776, when the country was born, the HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY Hardly a day goes by without some Soviet population was 2.5 m111ion. OF OHIO newspaper praising the stronghold of world Now it exceeds 210 m111ion. capitalism for sweet reason and rea.11sm. If you are one of those m111ions of Ameri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The issue 1s Soviet-American trade, and can citizens, you have just been insulted. Thursday, January 24, 1974 Moscow's interest in gaining advantages The Bicentennial Center for the District without concessions on free emigration is of Columbia, the nation's capital, was dedi­ Mr. CARNEY of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I the touchstone for telling the good guys cated on January 14 by the Mayor of Wash­ would like to pay tribute to a very brave from the bad. ington. A representative of the White House young lady, Miss Billie Jean Carson. Miss Right after the U.S. House of Representa­ was there. So were other dignitaries. Carson, who is the daughter of Mr. and tives voted to deny credits and most-favored­ Looking down on the occasion was a new Mrs. William C. Carson, ·of Newton Falls, nation status unless the Russians changed mural, done for the Bicentennial office by an Ohio, was named to receive the Red their emigration procedures, Izvestia called artist named H. H. Booker II. Cross Certificate of Merit. on the Wall Street Journal-"the organ of Among the personages depleted- American business circles"-for support. Karl Marx, the father of Communism. Billie Jean received this award for her Pravda Tuesday chose the views of Busi­ Friedrich Engels, Marx's associate. meritorius action of October 14, 1973. On ness Week-"the organ of American business Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union. this day, she was walking near a river circles"-to reinforce its view that the con­ Mao Tse-tung of the Chinese Communists. when she heard cries for help. She ran ditions Congress wants to impose on wider For extra. measure, the muralist included to the river and saw a young man strug­ trade are "no good." a caricature of President Nixon wearing a gling weakly in the water. Immediately Pravda added on its own that Wall Street mustache and clad 1n the costume of a movie she dived into the water and swam to is standing firm against a motley alUance gangster. He sketched the President's daugh­ the helpless person. In spite of the size of labor leaders, right-wing social demo­ ter, Tricla. Nixon Cox, with an Afro hairdo. crats, ziontsts and various ultra-right fascist He included a portrait of Angela Davis. and weight of the struggling person and groups. This 1s Americana? his heavy water-soaked clothing, she Pravda has not disclosed what the con­ Where are Washington, Jefferson, Tom succeeded in bringing him to safety. gressional conditions are. It has only con­ Paine, Ben Franklin and the Adams famlly? The Red Cross Certificate of Merit is demned them as 1nadmlss1ble interference in 'Where are such symbols of American cul­ the highest award given by the American Russia's internal affairs. ture and uniqueness as Washington Irving, National Red Cross to a person who saves Soviet propagandists have also not at­ Mark Twain and Carl Sandburg? Winslow or sustains a life by using skills learned tempted to explain how it 1s that American Homer, Frederic Remington and Thomas in a Red Cross first aid, small craft, or capitallsts have not been able to impose Hart Benton? Francis Scott Key and George their wlll. M. Cohan? John Phllip Sousa and Louis water safety course. For more than five decades, the Soviets Armstrong? Samuel Gompers and Andrew Without a doubt, Billie Jean Carson's have been taught that big business runs Carnegie? Thomas A. Edison and Mary Beth- use of her skills and knowledge saved January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 811 the life of another human being, and I to a President and First Lady" at 7:30 P.M. first native-born American to attain the commend her for this heroic deed. at the American Legion Building. Air Force honor of beatiflcation. She arrived in St. R.O.T.C. Cadets from Cummings Hdgh School Joseph's Valley near Emmitsburg in 1809 in Burlington sharply and with precision where she founded the American Sisters presented the American and North Carolina Colors. Henry Muldrow, Jr., a talented young of Charity. THE L.B.J. YOUNG DEMOCRATIC black UNc-cH student, sang the National I would like to share with my col­ CLUB OF NORTH CAROLINA Anthem. Father Harry J. Sutcliffe of New leagues an article from the Frederick York, blind since birth and Director of the News describing the commemorative Episcopal Guild tor the Blind, gave The Invo­ service: HON. CHARLES ROSE III cation. SETON CELEBRATION ScENEs: SUN SHOWS A OF NORTH CARO~A Following a meal of barbeque, brunswick LrrTLE :Ml:RACLE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stew, hush puppies and co1fee, Lieutenant Governor James B. Hunt, Jr., extended official EMMITSBURG.-The brilliant rays of winter Thursday, January 24, 1974 greetings on behalf of the State of North sun burst through heavily overcast skies here Saturday afternoon, turning the ice-covered Mr. ROSE. Mr. Speaker, President Carolina. Mayor Howard Lee presented the key to outdoors of this northern-most Frederick Lyndon Baines Johnson died 1 year ago the city on behalf of Chapel Hill. Mayor Rob­ County community into a jeweled wonder­ this week. As one who admired President ert Wells, Jr., and Mayor Fred Cates extended land of sparkling beauty. Johnson and as a former president of official greetings on behalf of Carrboro and A sudden freeze Thursday night had en­ the Young Democratic Clubs of North Hillsborough. Colonel Robert M. Pace, former cased in icy glass all the trees, bushes, Carolina, I am especially proud that he orange County Y D.C. President introduced benches, fences, ut111ty wires and statuary. and Mrs. Johnson were jointly ~onored special guests and Mrs. Howard Lee read let­ As the dark clouds pulled apart about 1 when the Orange County Young Demo­ ters and telegrams from Carl Albert, Hubert o'clock to let the sun shine through, St. Humphrey, Henry Jackson, Howard Baker, Joseph's Valley glistened like a beautiful lady cratic Club became the first unit of the robed in diamonds. Democratic Party in the Nation to name George Meany, Howard K. Smith, Roy WU­ klns, and others. This phenomenon of nature is not unusual itself as the LBJ Young Democratic Former Governors Terry Sanford and in Emmitsburg nor is it peculiar to this Club. Robert w. Scott and former Senator B. region, but it can be seen as having a special In November 1973, Mrs. Johnson Everett Jordan spoke of their associations significance on this particular Saturday visited Orange County to accept a hand with President and Mrs. Johnson. Former afternoon, Jan. 5, 1974. For on this day. lettered scroll copy of the resolution governor Luther H. Hodges gave the main some 1,400 persons were gathered here­ naming the club. This resolution now speech, A Tribute to the LBJ's. He spoke o! from Rome, from Paris, from all over-to par­ the warmth and compassion of President ticipate in a Mass or Eucharistic Celebration hangs with the permanent collection a.t Johnson and cited the 1964 Civil Rights Act to mark the beginning of the bicentennial the LBJ Library in Austin, Tex. as perhaps the greatest achievement of the year of Blessed Elizabeth Ann Seton and to Among the many newspaper articles Johnson administration. He called Mrs. John­ pray for the canonization of Mother Seton concerning this evening of tribute to a son "the most outstanding First Lady at into Sainthood. President and First Lady was an article modern times" ranking her even ahead of As though it were part of the Mass, the in the carolina Times by Mr. Clifton P. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt. sun broke through the foreboding skies, and Jones, a prominent black North Caro­ Club President John W. Hamllton and Sec­ the full radiance of the sun fllled the Sanc­ lina leader who is president of the Amer­ retary Mrs. Charles Attard!, Jr. presented tuary of the Church at Saint Joseph's Pro­ Mrs. JoJinson with a hand lettered scroll vincial House at precisely the high point of ican Arthritis Association, Inc. The late copy of the resolution which named the club the Pontifical Blessing in the concluding editor-publisher of the Times, Mr. Louis in honor jointly of President and Mrs. John­ rite. E. Austin, was a personal friend of Pres­ son. The LBJ Young Democratic Club is the The Celebrant had intoned the words: "Go ident Johnson. I feel it especially appro­ first unit of the Democratic Party in the in peace to love and serve the Lord." priate that an article from the Times nation to so honor President and Mrs. John­ The rays of the sun poured into the church should be included in the RECORD. son. Joining the club officers in signing the as the audience responded, "Thanks be to The article follows: resolution were former governors Luther H. God," and as the 100-voice Seton Bicenten­ Hodges, Terry Sanford, Dan K. Moore, and nial Chorus resounded with the beautiful Mas. LYNDON B. JOHNSON GUEST OF LBJ Robert w. Scott; former Senator B. Everett "Hallelujah," from Handel's "The Messiah." YOUNG DEMOCRATIC CLUB Jordan, Senator Sam J. Ervin, Jr., former It was no little miracle that Mother Na­ (By Clifton P. Jones) Congressman Nick Galifianakls, former ture provided here for the world-wide Mother It could have been the fall of 1964, the Y.D.C. President Robert M. Pace, Mrs. How­ Seton Bicentennial observance that began 1lags were all flying and Chapel Hill was in ard Lee, wife of Mayor Lee, and Mrs. Samuel Saturday in this small town where this a festive mood-Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson was Selden, childhood friend and college room­ someday-soon Saint-to-be worked her own in town as guest of The LBJ Young Demo­ mate at the former First Lady who lives in miracle in founding America's parochial cratic Club of Orange County. Chapel Hill. school system almost 165 years ago. Acting jointly Mayor Howard Lee of Mrs. Johnson spoke briefly of her a1fection Chapel Hlli, Mayor Robert Wells, Jr. of Carr­ tor North Carolina, of her memories of the boro, Mayor Fred Oates of Bilsborough and "Lady Bird Special" and of her appreciation County Commissioner's Chairman Norman for the evening of tribute and memories of TRIBUTE TO THE 30TH ANNIVER­ Walker proclaimed Thursday, November 8, her husband. She received standing ovations SARY OF THE SANTA MONICA as LBJ Day throughout Orange County and as she entered the hall, when she was in­ ..ordered and extended the Freedom of our troduced, and when she concluded. Mrs. HOSPITAL CLINIC Precincts and our Towns to Mrs. Lady Bird Howard Lee summed up the evening per­ Johnson." haps best "This is the nicest event in Chapel HON. ALPHONZO BELL The former First Lady visited the Carr­ Hlll since Howard bas been mayor. Mrs. boro Town Hall where she was given a rous­ Johnson carries all our hearts back to Texas OF CALIFORNIA ing welcome by Mayor Wells and a large with her." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES number of school children. She spoke briefly Thursday, January 24. 1974 and signed autographs for the children. Ohief John Blackwood and the entire carr­ BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, during this boro police force formed a saluting guard of BIRTH OF MOTHER SETON month of January, the outstanding clinic honor as Mrs. Johnson arrived in Carrboro. of the Santa Monica Hospital Medical She departed having won the hearts of all Center is celebrating its 30th anniver­ present. HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON The Chapel Hill Public Library was the sary of operations. next official stop for Mrs. Johnson. She was OP MARYLAND Founded on December 12, 1943, the welcomed by Mrs. Howard Lee, officials of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Santa Monica Hospital clinic has served library, a number of excited school children, Thursday, January 24, 1974 for 30 years as a harbor for those and a host of newsmen. She autographed troubled by sickness. It was established copies of Vantage Point by President Johnson Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, it was my by the Lutheran Hospital Society of and White House Diary by herself and pre­ pleasure to attend on Saturday, January Charitable Corporation. sented them to Mrs. Richmond Bond and 5 at St. Joseph's Provincial House in Although the clinic began as a free Mrs. Wllliam Geer for the Library. Chatting and sipping hot co1fee, she met most of those Emmitsburg, Md., the commemoration of wartime health service for low-income present. As she left, one lady re:m&rked "she the 200th anniversary of the birth of families, it now functions as a part-pay really is as gracious as everyone says she is." Blessed Elizabeth Ann Seton. Mother Se­ con1prehensive n1edical progran1 for The main event of the day was "A tribute ton was born August 28, 1774, and is the hard-working, well deserving families 812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 whose incomes are too low to afford com­ sary of Ukraine's independence, I find it gases." The United States did not sign the parable services on an individual basis. essential to the dignity of the human treaty. Originally, the clinic was located in a race that an oppressed nation of 48 mil­ In 1970, President Nixon resubmitted the 1,000 square foot, old wooden house on lion people such as Ukraine should have treaty to the Senate with his interpretation that "riot control agents and chemical herbi­ the corner of 15th and Arizona in Santa a voice in the United Nations. A petition cides" were not covered. The Senate refused Monica. Today, at the same location on the subject of human rights for to accept the interpretation. (It is my per­ stands a modern out-patient facility with Ukraine by the Women's Association for sonal opinion that the Army's recent plan to 16,000 square feet of space. the Defense of Four Freedoms for create a safer-to-handle binary "nerve gas" Thirty years ago the clinic served 750 Ukraine, Inc., was presented to the would be prohibited even under President people and handled 1,000 outpatient U.S. Ambassador to the United Na­ Nixon's interpretation of the treaty.) visits. Presently there are 900 families tions on December 4, 1973. This peti­ The American Chemical Society, the totaling 3,200 patients enlisted in the tion appeals to our Ambassador and to world's largest society of professional chem­ ists, had opposed the 1925 protocol "on the clinic program. the U.S. Government to bring to the at­ grounds of humanity" because the confer­ In 1943, 25 volunteer physicians and tention of the world opinion and to the ence "showed ... a lamentable lack of un­ 21 dentists staffed 9 specialty clinics. member delegates of the United Nations, derstanding of chemical warfare ..." and "it Today, 19 full-time, family practice resi­ the secret trials, arrests, and conditions was against national safety to try to outlaw dents and 150 volunteer physicians staff of intolerable terror in Ukraine. And chemical warfare." In 1970, we supported the 28 specialty clinics. therefore, I support the petition on the Ad.m.inistra tion's interpretation. In 1969 the Santa Monica Hospital subject of human rights for Ukraine on But last fall, the society's council endorsed the floor of Congress, and I hope the Rus­ Senate Resolution 48 for "approval without Clinic instituted a training program for quallfication of the Geneva protocol." It 1s family practice residents. The program sians will take note of it. interesting to speculate on what brought has grown from 1 resident when it about the society's reversal from its 1925 started to 19 residents and is presently stand. considered to be one of the most out· The general feeling at that time was best standing training programs in the coun­ BINARY WEAPONS expressed by something Ida M. Tarbell wrote try. in the Washington Herald in December, 1921: The clinic currently serves more than "The fact about chemical warfare seems to HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER be that it is at once the most effective 30 percent of the medically indigent fam­ OF COLORADO weapon of attack and defense ever devised ilies in the Santa Monica-West Los An­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES by man and at the same time, it is the most geles area. It maintains the highest humane-ironical as it is to use the word standard of therapeutic and preventative Thursday, January 24, 1974 with the infernal business of war ... You medical services for patients of all ages, Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, in cannot outlaw chemical warfare unless you races, and creeds. view of the fact that the Army intends are willing to destroy the chemist and all For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, it is to ask for funds for the development of hls work. We cannot do that." with pride and pleasure that I call at­ The most extensive m1Utary use ot polson binary chemical weapons-a move that gases occurred during World War I. The tention to the 30-year anniversary of the could jeopardize any hope of an inter­ Germans, ignoring both the 1899 and 1907 clinic of the Santa Monica Hospital national agreement on the control of resolutions, had used gas against the Rus­ Medical Center. chemical weapons-! would like to share sians in Poland early in 1915, but the winds with my colleagues three recent articles did not cooperate and it was not particularly that examine the history of chemical successful. warfare, the negotiations at the confer­ However, chlorine, released from cylinders UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE under favorable wind conditions, hM a ence of the Committee on Disarmament devastating effect against the British, French, in Geneva where nerve gas is on the con­ Canadians and Portuguese on the western HON. PETER A. PEYSER tinuing agenda, and the steps that led front of Ypres. This led to the development OF NEW YORK to the development of the binary weap­ of protective masks and retaliatory capa­ bilties. (It is interesting to note that in 1862 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ons concept: (From the Los Angeles Times, Jan. 6, 1974] the U.S. government rejected the idea of Thursday, January 24, 1974 using chlorine in artillery shells fired in the UNrrED STATES MUST JoiN GAS WARFARE BAN Civil War.) Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, the week (By Alan c. Nixon) After Ypres, both sides used chlorine gas of January 27 marks the 56th anniver­ The long and unsavory recorded history until July, 1917, when the Germans intro­ sary of Ukraine's independence pro­ of chemical warfare began more than 2,500 duced mustard gas, which caused the great­ claimed on January 22, 1918. This na­ years ago. From "Greek fire," a mixture of est polson gas casualties of the war. In the tional independence was destroyed by the burning pitch and sulfur catapulted onto Somme offensive against the British and first wave of Soviet Russian imperio­ attacking ships or over the walls of cities, French in March, 1918, the Germans fired it has come to include poison gases, herbi­ 500,000 mustard gas shells. colonialism in 1920 and ever since, the cides, tear gas, liqUid fire and similar un­ Both sides had planned extensive use of 48 million Ukrainians-the largest caP­ pleasant compounds. chemical warfare during 1919, but, of course, tive non-Russian nation have been During the evolution of chemical warfare, this was prevented by the signing of the struggling to regain it. It is a time for the man has made attempts to restrict or pro­ armistice in November, 1918. Ukrainian people to recall and to pre­ hibit its use. There has been the general Polson gas, as such, was not used during serve what they have, in the hope that feeling that somehow chemicals are not World War II although all soldiers and many one day Ukraine will become a free and cricket in warfare-that they lack the clean, civll1ans were equipped with gas masks, both independent country once again. sporting thrust of the dagger, the sword, the sides built up large stocks of gases and re­ arrow, the blunderbuss, the bullet or even search was accelerated to develop new chem­ I would like to take this opportunity high explosives. So it was natural to look ical warfare agents. to praise the people of Ukraine who have for ways to bar chemicals from the sporting The reason it was not used probably kept the spirit alive under the adverse business of war. stemmed from the belief of each side that its conditions under which they suffer today. Both peace conferences at The Hague in opponent was equally prepared, so that no The nation of Ukraine is imprisoned and 1899 and 1907 issued declarations forbidding strategic advantage would result from lts those who purport to represent Ukraine the use of poisonous gases on the grounds, use. in the United Nations, in international, the 1899 resolution read, that this kind of Since World War II, the tide of public external and internal affairs are enemies warfare was inhumane. opinion has been running strongly against The reasons given for the United States the use of chemical anq biological agents In of the people of Ukraine and cannot pos­ withholding its support from the 1899 res­ warfare, stimulated, no doubt, by Chinese sibly represent their welfare and best olution were that the inhumane aspects propaganda during the Korean war and the interests. The present government of the of gases had not been clearly established effects of accidental splllages and misadven­ so-called Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Re­ and that restrictions to inventiveness were tures with industrial chemicals and chemical public does not truly represent the people not conducive to world peace. warfare agents. of Ukraine but the said government The League of Nations, as part of an ef­ The antiwar feeling that swept the coun­ would in fact prevent them from appeal­ fort to outlaw war 1n general, attempted try as a result of the Vie-tnam war has un­ ing to the United Nations in behalf of to ban biological and chemical warfare dur­ doubtedly affected the attitudes of the Amer- ing the 1920s. The Geneva protocol o! 1925 Ican Chemical Society's membership. So have their fundamental human rights. binds its signers "to abstain from the use in adverse publicity on the use of herbicides in In commemorating the 56th anniver- war of asphyxiating, poisoning or similar Vietnam and reports on their deleterious and January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 813 long-range effects. Student protests against tally released, it would not kill them out­ one another, or to quell domestic opposition. the production of napalm helped change right. If it does nothing else, l;he controversy has chemists' Views. So did alleged excessive use A happy solution was found in the binary brought the agency into public notice, and of tear gas and Mace by police to control concept of chemical munitions. Two differ­ perhaps henceforth the Pentagon will be less crowds. ent gases would be stored in, say, an art11lery contemptuous of it. Although no referendum was held among shell, with a membrane separating them. The Army says it will cost $200 million to the society's membership, there has been While neither of the gases would be recom­ convert to binary nerve gases. The Washing­ little opposition to the stance taken by the mended for breathing, as long as the mem­ ton Post says $500 mtllion. On the basis of board of directors and council. In the main, brane was tight there would be no serious past experience, The Nation is willing to bet protests I have received are based on the old reason for alarm. Only when tbe shell was on the Post's figure. The key question, how­ argument that since all modern warfare 1s fired and the membrane ruptured would the ever, is whether the vested interest of the chemical in nature, if chemistry were not mixture become lethal, to the discomfiture Army's chemical warfare service is to prevail, used, warfare could not be conducted. of the enemy (whether military or civllian or whether common sense and the best scien­ I agree. But it also so happens that what does not really matter) . tific intelligence are to be paramount in this. we can do at this moment to work toward Even so, accidental mixing is readily con­ and many other military projects. ending war is to encourage our government ceivable; but the Army regards this as a to endorse the Geneva protocol. It is really minor risk and certainly, from a public rela­ not terribly important that the possibllity 1s tions standpoint, it is placed in a more de­ small of reducing either the likelihood. or the fensible position. The question that is not OUR NEXT SHORTAGE: RED MEAT horror of war by endorsement of the Geneva readily answered gees to the heart of the protocol. matter: why do we need chemical munitions What is important is that every move at all? The Army's answer is that the Rus­ made to limit warfare, every commission sians might use gas in some future war, so HON. JOHN MELCHER working for disarmament, every conference we must have gas to counter their gas. Even OF MONTANA called to reduce armaments, is beneficial in if war does not come, our gas will deter their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that they move world public opinion further gas. An editorial in the December 13, 1973, in the direction of our ultimate goal: the Washington Post derides this view. "This," Thursday, January 24, 1974 complete end to all warfare. the Post says, "is like saying that in order to deter the Russians from trampling us with Mr. MELCHER. Mr. Speaker, I have elephant herds, we must raise our own ele­ just reviewed the cattle-on-feed report [From the Long Island Newsday, Dec. 13, in which the Department of Agriculture 1973] phant herds. It is, in a word, ridiculous. No canon of war requires the United States to tells us how many cattle there are in the GETTING Rm OF NERVE GAS respond with the same weapons used by a feedlots of America being fattened for One item on the continuing agenda of the foe. We would st111 retain a broad range of slaughter. 26-nation Conference of the Committee on other choices if we relinquished nerve gas Thanks for the Cost of Living Council Disarmament is nerve gas. The Russians have and Uke chemical agents. By relinquishing with its beef price freezes and thaws of introduced proposals for banning its use in chemicals, however, the United States would warfare, but the U.S. isn't satisfied with the be making a modest but real contribution to several months ago, cattle feeders have safeguards against stockp111ng. The U.S. has a more civilized international society." been reluctant to get caught out on a presented no proposal of its own, but the in­ This is hardly an argument that will ap­ limb with too many cattle. The uncer­ ternational community is looking for us to peal to military men or the learned civilians tainty of Cost of Living Council policy do so when the conference meets again in who serve them and have been converted to coupled with rising feed costs has caused Geneva next spring. the military way of thinking. Nor is it merely them since mid-1973 to be cautious and Meanwhile, the U.S. Army has come up a question of weapons: the question 1s reluctant to keep their feedlots full. with an idea for developing a new binary rather the extent to which reason can be nerve gas weapon and wants $200,000,000 from brought to bear on problems of "defense." The report shows that as of January Congress for research and development--and Senator Moss and Sen. Floyd K. Haskell (D., 1 there were 6 percent less cattle in the production if it proves feasible. The advan­ Colo.) tried, last September, to get an feedlots, 13,673,000 compared to 14,432,- tage of the new gas is that it consists of two amendment adopted that would come up 000 on January 1, 1973, a decline of 795,- chemicals which are harmless when kept with an answer to a related question-the 000 head. The report, however, shows apart, as they would be in the new weapons. most effective means of eltminating all exist­ that for the next few weeks a lot of over­ This makes them much safer to transport ing supplies of nerve gas. The amendment fat cattle will leave the feed lots to be and store than existing nerve gas shells, became part of the defense authorization which caused a furor when some of them got bill but was dropped in conference. Thus a processed for America's meat counters. out of control in 1968, killing more than sane, sensible suggestion went by the board. There are more heavy cattle, 1,10(} 6,000 sheep in Utah. Second, in this matter of chemical war­ pounds or over, ready for market-­ But does it makes sense to spend $200,000,- fare we are not as virtuous as we like to pro­ about 19 percent more which ought to 000 on a deadly new compound that should claim ourselves. In his first term President be marketed within 30 days. Most of and probably will be banned before long? The Nixon renounced "first use" of lethal and these cattle are really too fat to suit the President has announced that the U.S. would incapacitating chemicals but he was not average housewife and some of the ex­ not be the first country to use nerve gas and moved to sign the Geneva Protocol which cessive fat will have be trimmed-a that our stockpiles are primarily a deterrent. outlaws first use. He submitted the protocol to As long as we have an adequate--though ad­ to the Senate in 1970 but expltcitly excluded real waste. mittedly more dangerous-deterrent now, "riot control agents and chemical herbi­ These animals were obviously held by­ we'd be better advised to forget about expen­ cides," obviously to keep himself free to carry feeders in the hope that prices would sive refinements and redouble our efforts to on his wars in Indochina without impedi­ get up somewhere close to cost of pro­ offer a workable plan for banning nerve gas ment, and to use gas against the ferocious duction. The Department of Agriculture· altogether. That would be easier on both our young people who were protesting vehe­ published a study in December which pocketbooks and our nerves. mently against the associated poUcles. The showed that feeders had to have $55.25 Senate Foreign Relations Committee there­ upon sent the treaty back to him, probably per hundredweight for feed steers just [From the Nation, Jan. 5,1974] to break even. Actual prices were down THE NERVE OF IT not to Mr. Nixon's displeasure, and there the matter rests. around $40 in the markets then, so feed­ Faced with a public relations problem, the A third point involves the almost forgotten ers were losing about $150 a head on ani­ Army is never at a loss for a gimmick. In this Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, mals marketed. Some obviously held instance the ditficulty centers on public con­ which subsists on a starvation budget of $7 cern over storage of mustard gas, phosgene their fed animals in the hope of saving milUon annually and has nothing to do with their economic hides and cattle prices. and other lethal chemical warfare weapons major arms control negotiations. The agency at Rocky Mountain Arsenal just 10 miles from is consistently ignored by the Pentagon, did come up close to $50 per hundred­ the center of Denver. Another source of em­ which in the case of the binary nerve gas in­ weight early this year, but still not barrassment is Sen. Frank E. Moss' reminder sisted that this was strictly a military ques­ enough to pay costs only to cut losses that 6,400 sheep were killed in his state­ tion of "modernizing" the Army chemical from $150 to $50 per head. Utah-a few years ago when some VX-type warfare weapons. Instead of knuckling under Beyond these cattle that have been nerve gas was released from a military air­ to the Pentagon, Dr. Fred C. Ikle, who took held back but will shortly be gone-and plane in an experiment that miscarried. The over as director of the falling agency in this is the real glimpse at the future-­ Army, consequently, has been faced with the July 1973, protested that the binary nerve we are looking at some very steep de­ problem of showing that poison gas could be gas was milttarily unnecessary and would produced in some relatively harmless form. further thwart international efforts to con­ clines in fed cattle supply. There were· It need not be quite as harmless as, say, trol chemical warfare. Another argument of­ only 78 percent as many calves under· nitrous oxide-"laughing gas"-used as an fered by the Arms Control Agency is that 500 pounds and only 77 percent as many anesthetic in dentistry, but apprehensive semi-industrialized nations might resort to weighing 500 to 700 pounds in the lots. civilians had to be assured that, if acciden- the binary gas technique in their wars with January 1 as the year before. 814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 Those figures mean a real beef short­ as the President promised, are causing and Electronics Engineers has passed a age in April-May-June, when the ani­ many sheepmen to give up. A further resolution on the human rights, particu­ mals should be reaching market weight. reduction in red meat supplies, to add larly immigration rights, for their Soviet They point to a decline of 20 percent or to the beef shortage, is just one side ef­ colleagues. Surely, this resolution ex­ more in fed cattle coming to market and fect. The price of wool, wool fabrics and presses the hopes of Americans in every 1n beef at the meat counters. wool clothing will, of course, start work of life that individual freedom must I have no doubt that Director Dunlop mounting too. grow in the Soviet Union and through­ of the Cost of Living Council and oth­ The big, serious shortage we confront out the world. ers will shortly be reassuring us that which will effect nearly every American, The resolution reads as follows: there are a lot of feeder animals that is red meat supply. RESOLUTION can be rushed into the lots to augment We are about to reap the harvest of The Board of Directors of the Institute of meat supplies, and there are more than the administration's unwise meat price Electrical and Electronics Engineers, having normal around. But it takes 4 or 5 ceilings of last year. The administration learned with dismay the serious penalties months at best to get them up to mar­ cannot meet or even ameliorate the red imposed on engineers and scientists who de­ ket weight and condition, and there is meat shortage as it has tried to do it sire to emigrate from the Soviet Union re­ absolutely no sign that feedlot owners in the dairy line-by letting in hundreds quested that the following resolution be respectfully forwarded to President Siforov are rushing out to fill up their pens of millions of pounds of foreign products. of the Popov Society, and to President M. again so they can lose a lot more money. We are already getting all the foreign Keldysh and Vice President V. A. Kotelnikov On the contrary, the figures indicate that red meat there is available. Meat import of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, with an more and more of the pens are being left restrictions were pulled off 3 years ago urgent request to render assistance: empty until there is some hope that cat­ to keep our domestic cattle producers "The Board of Directors of the Institute tle will bring what they cost to produce. from making any money, if possible, at of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, an Placements on feed in December were that time. organization of approximately 160,000 elec­ down 15 percent under a year ago in the It trical engineers all over the world, is keenly is not going to solve the situation interested in the welfare of engineers and last quarter of 1973. They were off 24 for the Agriculture Department to come scientists everywhere. percent in December in the seven big out in the next few days with a big in­ "This Board views with great concern the feeding States on which reports are com­ ventory of cattle in the United States, infringement on basic freedoms wherever piled monthly. an inventory overstuffed with the phan­ they occur, particularly when engineers and Unless something happens mighty tom calves of phantom cows to make it scientists are singled out as victims because quickly, the prospect is that cattle placed appear like the pastures and prairies of of their profession. on feed during the entire first half of America are crowded with beef on the "This Board regrets that many engineers and scientists and their fa.m111es have been 1974 will be less than 10 million head­ hoof. denied their right to emigrate in violation about 1% million-compared to 11,736 Phantom feeders are no substitute for of recognized international practices, often in the first 6 months last year. steaks and roasts and hamburger in the solely because of their professional quallflca­ Over the past 5 years, feeders have meat counter. tions In Science and Engineering. placed between 56 and 59 percent of all I am making these remarks today to "These practices seriously endanger the cattle going on feed during the market­ avoid, if possible, consumers or colleagues splrit of transnational friendship and coop­ ing year in the feedlots in the 6 months who represent consumers, misunder­ eration on which the operation of this In· standing the cause of the meat shortage. stttute is based. The Board of Directors of from July through December. The aver­ the Institute of Electrical and Electronics age has been 57.4 percent. The other 42.6 Farmers and ranchers simply cannot pay Engineers appeals to its sister organizations, percent has gone in during January­ out $55.25 per hundredweight to produce and to the National Academies of Science and June. If patterns are normal this year beef and stay in business with $40 return. Engineering 1n every country, to join in sup­ 1>ur placements on feed to supply beaf· The mess we are in is very unfortu­ port of equal human rights for engineers steak and roasts for tables starting in nate for it is unnecessary. It was not onlY and scientists." June and July will be down 2.3 million predictable, it was predicted last year head, or over 20 percent. when the meat price tampering started. If this is allowed to come to pass, the For the benefit of members interested, -red meat shortage may very well dis­ I include in the REcORD a table of cattle SOLZHENITSYN: A HERO FOR place the energy crisis in the headlines. on feed January 1, by weight groups, OUR TIME There is not going to be any upsurge which tells the story statistically. 1n pork produotion to replace the beef. We slaughter about 2.2 million head of HON. PHILIP M. CRANE is The December 1 pigs and hogs on farms fed cattle monthly-more when meat OF n.LINOIS report showed 3 percent more on farms abundant. Steers are normally marketed than the year before, but the Depart­ around 1,050 pounds and heifers at 950 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment's estimates on the pork outlook to 1,000 pounds. The weights are as of Thursday, January 24, 1974 have become so notoriously misleading­ January 1, of course. The animals under Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, despite the slaughter hasn't come close to the indi­ 700 pounds should supply markets in fact that many, in the alleged spirit of cated level for a couple of years-that no May and June. "detente," are attempting to set forth one really expects pork output to exceed The table follows: the thesis that communism has changed last year's low levels even by the 3 per­ and that the Soviet Union should re­ cent indicated. If you want to know how 1974 as ceive trade and other concessions from low last year's pork production levels percent the West, the real facts about commu­ were, let me tell you that in 1971 we Jan. 1, 1973 Jan. 1, 1974 of 1973 nism persist in reappearing. slaughtered 94 million head of hogs, in The latest description of the real na- 1972 that dropped to 84 million head, and All cattle and calves: Less than 500 pounds___ 1, 946,000 1, 516,000 78 ture of the Soviet system is to be found last year, with the encouragement of Mr. 500to699pounds ______3,847,000 2,977,000 77 in the recent book, "The Archi- Dunlop's Cost of Living Council, hog pro­ 700 to 899 pounds______4, 346, 000 4, 161, 000 900 to 1,099 pounds_____ 3, 076, 000 3, 404, oon 1~y pelago," by Nobel laureate author, Alex- ducers cut their marketings back to 1965 1,100 pounds and over___ 646,000 1, 004,000 155 ander Solzhenitsyn. levels at only 76 million head-18 mil­ TotaL ______13, 861,000 13,062,000 Unlike his earlier works, "The Gulag lion or about 20 percent below 1971. 94 Archipelago" is not a novel, and it makes The lamb and mutton outlook paral­ serious charges not only against Stalin, lels beef. RESOLUTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS but against others both before and after Sheep and lambs on feed January 1 him, from 1918 to 1956. were 7 percent under the year before. HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Lenin, still a hero in the Soviet Union, Placements were up a little-2 percent­ OF CALIFORNIA is pictured not as a nea~: saint, but as a probably because a great many sheep IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man who established a police state under growers are liquidating altogether. Los­ Marxist auspices, one far worse in terms ses to predators since the ban on toxic Thursday, January 24, 1974 of mass executions and deportations baits, and the failure of the administra­ Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, the board than the Okbrana of Czarist days. tion to control coyotes by other means of directors of the Institute of Electrical Also cited, along with a demand for January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 815 their punishment, are such leaders as which produced this system of terror, he fess to protect liberty apply one standard to believes, but the very nature of com­ South Vietnam and another to North Viet. Vyacheslav Molotov, Foreign Minister nam, one standard to Greece and another to under Stalin who, argues Solzhenitsyn, munism itself. Russia. has reached an honorable old age Discussing the courage displayed by In this respect the Freedom House survey "stained with our blood." Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the Wall Street is particularly revealing. Freedom and re­ Mr. Solzhenitsyn's charges embrace Journal noted editorially that- pression are very much matters of historical many of the older members of today's One of the Nobel laureate's recurrent inheritance. The free nations are those of hierarchy who either supported Stalin themes has been that those in the West who Western Europe and the North Atlantic or failed to intervene. He notes that only enjoy liberty do not recognize that the Soviet littoral, a few in South America and a few, system is the chief menace to it today. In notably India and Japan, who have benefited 2 dozen Soviet o:fficials have been con­ this he is certainly right; many who pro­ from an injection of Anglo-Saxon constitu­ victed of terroristic crimes-compared fess to protect liberty apply one standard tionalism. Liberty is found only within this with 78,000 former Nazi officials con­ to South Vietnam and another to North Viet­ broad Western tradition. victed in West Germany. nam, one standard to Greece and another to Freedom House's "not free" nations come By writing this important book, the Russia. in more cloaks, but the main thrust is clear. author has placed his 11 ...... in jeopardy. He Of the 1.6 billion people living under repres­ has shown great courage and a large part How freedom is to be preserved by en­ sion, 1.2 billion live in Communist nations. of his desire to share this story with the riching through trade and subsidization, Nowhere is there a Communist nation that world is found in his i..."l.terest in correct­ as was the case with the wheat deal, a is also free or even "partly free." The tradi­ ing the false illusions in the West about society which has systematically de­ tion of Marx, Lenin and Stalin is the most prived its citizens of every vestige of powerful force for repression in the world the real nature of communism. today. Mr. Solzhenitsyn is truly a hero in freedom and dignity, is -impossible to say. Unfortunately, many in our own coun­ Now, these observations need be no call a world with too few men who are willing to holy war. Americans should not embark to stand alone for the truth. Discussing try seem willing to sacrifice the long­ on the fool's errand of bringing democracy his courage, American Author Saul Bel­ range interests of freedom for what they to, say, China. There are sharp limitations on low notes that- consider to be the short-range interests what the United States can do to aid Mr. The word "hero," long 1n disrepute, has of financial gain. Solzhenitsyn's campaign for a more Uberal been redeemed by Solzhenitsyn. He has had Following is the editorial, "Perspective Russia. But the Western world can insure the courage, the power of mind and the on Freedom," which appeared in the that his message is heard and remembered. strength of spirit to speak the truth to the Wall Street Journal of January 9, 1974: Most important of all, the Western world entire world. PERSPECTIVE ON FREEDOM can take care to protect and nurture its own traditions. Externally, it needs to keep itself Mr. Bellow stated tha~ Americans Alexander Solzhenitsyn has once again strong enough that it cannot be bullied by "should make it clear that they stand by called the world's attention to the inhu­ the opposing tradition. And internally it manity of the Government under which he Solzhenitsyn. It would ~e the complet­ needs to keep in mind that despite all its lives. As Western readers digest his account faults, V'estern culture provides the only est betrayal of principle to fail him.'' of the Stalinist slave labor camps in "The Following is the letter by Saul Bellow source of freedom mankind is likely to find Gulag Archipelago, 1918-1956," they can \n today's world. which appeared in the New York Times gain a new perspective on their own free­ of January 15, 1974: dom. What the future holds for Solzhenitsyn SoLZHENITSYN'S TRUTH For it is hard for anyone nurtured in the is impossible to tell. Attacks upon him are To the Editor: Western democracies to understand that life mol.&Ilting in the Soviet press, and real Andrei Sakharov and four other Soviet in­ under repression has historically been the fate of the bulk of mankind. Even today fear exists for his life. tellectuals have appealed to "decent people This is the time for those in the West throughout the world" to try to protect repression prevails. About the time Mr. Solz­ Aleksander Solzhenitsyn from persecution. henitsyn was releasing his new book, Free­ who are sincert in their espousal of free­ The word "hero," long in disrepute, has dom House in New York was completing its dom to make it clear that we will not sit been redeemed by Solzhenitsyn. He has had annual survey of political and civil freedom idly by and permit the destruction of this the courage, the power of mind and the in the nations of the world. It found that courageous man. strength of spirit to speak the truth to the 1.3 billion people were "free," 1.6 billion Columnist William F. Buckley, Jr., de­ entire world. He is a man of perfect intellec­ "not free" and 0.8 billion "partly free." clared that- tual honor and, in his moral strength, he is A great deal of the repression in the world today finds its historinal roots in Mr. Solz­ This 1s the moment not for bureaucratic peculiarly Russian. To the best Russian writ­ response, but for {;allant response. ers of this hellish century it has been per­ henitsyn's "gulag archipelago"-the prison fectly clear that only the power of truth 1s camps stretching across the Soviet Union Mr. Buckley urged that- equal to the power of the state. like a string of islands. He describes a kind If a hair of the :ttead of Solzhenitsyn Is It is to be hoped that the Brezhnevs and of repression unrelieved by the least trace of harmed.: One. The United States of America the Kosygins will be capable of grasping what human feeling; pollee arrest someone whose will suspend all cultural exchange with the the behavior of such a man means to the chlld has just died, overturn the coffin and Soviet Union beginning immediately. Two. civillzed world. Persecution of Solzhenitsyn, throw the corpse on the floor. An absolute embarg.... , for a mourning period deportation, confinement in a madhouse or The publication of this new book in the of one year, Will be imposed on commerce of exile will be taken as final evidence of com­ West puts the present commissars on the any kind with the Soviet Union, and against plete moral degeneracy in the Soviet regime. spot. They have been talking about using the any purchast~ of goods of any kind from the We cannot expect our diplomats to aban­ international copyright convention to pre­ Soviet Union. don their pollcy of detente (whatever that vent such publication, and with consum­ may mean) or our great corporations to break mate courage, Mr. Solzhenitsyn has called In his column appearing in the New their business contracts with Russia, but their bluff. Now what will they do? W111 they York Post of January 15, 1974, Mr. Buck­ physicists and mathematicians, biologists, really try to go into Western courts to sup­ ley concluded that- engineers, artists and intellectuals should press the work? W111 they really arrest Mr. Perhaps Solzhenitsyn requires martyrdom, make it clear that they stand by Solzhenit­ Solzhenitsyn and throw him back in the fully to anneal his work to the service of syn. It would be the completest betrayal of labor camps of which he writes, thus con­ humanity. Perhaps, even, he desires it. But principle to fail him. Since America is the firming the thrust of his charges? we cannot wllllngly play the role of Pontius Soviet Government's partner in detente, Mr. Solzhenitsyn and physicist Andrei Pilate. Americans have a special responsiblltty 1n Sakharov gain some protection from their this matter. fame in the West, but the Soviets remain I wish to share this column with my What Solzhenitsyn has done in revealing quite capable of packing dissenters off to colleagues, and insert it into the RECORD the unchecked brutality of Stalinism, he has labor camps or insane asylums. They have in at this time: fact been picking off dissenters one by one, done also for us. He has reminded every one SOLZHENITSYN AT BAY of us what we owe to truth. and are now succeeding in suppressing the SAUL BELLOW. samidzat, or underground publications. Mr. (By W1111am F. Buckley, Jr.) CHICAGO, January 7, 1974. &>lzhenitsyn apparently has other volumes The new volume of to release if arrested, recounting how repres­ raises policy questions for the West which, It is Mr. Solzhenitsyn's contention that sion continues today. 1f we answer them wrongly, will bring down up to 12 million people at any one time One of the Nobel laureate's recurrent upon us that curse of history reserved for have occupied forced labor camps in the themes has been that those in the West who those despicable men who, though knowtng Soviet Union, enduring incredible cruel­ enjoys Uberty do not recognize that the So­ everything they needed to know, decllned to ty and hardships and dying in large num­ viet system 1s the chief menace to it today. act, thus contributing to a crucifixion. Solzh­ bers. It was not the aberration of Stalin In this he is certainly right; many who pro- enltsyn 1s only an individual, but there was 816 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 never in human history a clearer identiflca­ one. The United States of America w1ll 1. The systems will be far too costly to re­ tion of an individual and a class. suspend all cultural exchange with the So­ pair; Martin Luther King as representative of viet Union beginning immediately. 2. The systems wlll be most inconvenient the American Negro pales alongside the au­ Two. An absolute embargo, for a mourning for those of us who have a pet or put pack­ thority· of Aleksandr SOlzhenitsyn as rep­ period of one year, will be imposed on com­ ages on the seat; resentative of the 200 million people of Rus­ merce of any kind With the SOviet Union, 3. The systems create a dangerous situa­ sia who have suffered, and continue to suffer, and against any purchase of goods of any tion if the car stalls and the system falls to at the hands of the creed-ridden tormentors kind from the SOviet Union. start properly; of that wretched country. Perhaps Solzhenitsyn requires martyrdom, 4. The requirement that the system be in The SOviet government does not disguise fully to anneal his work to the service of a car is an unconstitutional infringement of its feelings about SOlzhenitsyn, any more humanity. Perhaps, even, he desires it. But our personal rights to select what we shall than the establishmentarians dlsgulsed theirS we cannot willingly play the role of Pontius wear and how we shall protect our persons toward Jesus. Now, on the publication of Pilate. from injury or disease. "The Gulag Archipelago," they have begun Your support of the above bill to repeal the their offensive. It is clearly launched with a requirement of the interlock system w1ll be certain tentativeness-else they'd have sim­ SEATBELT INTERLOCKS MUST GO appreciated. ply yanked him from the streets and shipped him off directly to Siberia, or to a convenient warren in the cellar of the Lubyanka, there HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO to receive a little lead in his stupefying, or OP NEW YORK inspiring mind. THE ENERGY FACT BLACKOUT Though SOlzhenitsyn is only one man, his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ellm~ation would amount to an act of geno­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 HON. FRANK J. BRASCO cide. It is now as if, 35 years ago, Adolph Hitler had released, for the convenience of Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. OF NEW YORK the next few editions of the World Almanac, Speaker, the so-called safety standard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the projections on the diminishing percent­ which requires new cars to be equipped Thursday, January 24, 1974 age of Jews alive and well in Germany. with an interlock between the seatbelts Would the West, in such circumstances, do and the ignition system is expensive, an Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, in the last anything about it? Or would that be to in­ invasion of privacy and, ironically, dan­ few months we have come to realize that terrupt the rhythm of detente? the energy monopoly in this country, for Permit a drastic truncation-in just a few gerous. sentences--of the experience of just one SO­ Not only do cars cost more because of such it is, has a vested interest in pre­ viet victim. This one an American citizen this system, but they w1ll be more expen­ venting the average American from who, incredibly, has been living in Maryland sive to repair, as well. Mechanics are knowing any basic facts regarding the since 1971. It required that we should learn either going to have to jump-start the real state of our resources. For a number of his existence from Aleksandr SOlzhenitsyn. car, put a weight on the front seat, or of years now, all energy facts have been His name is Alexander Dolgun. He was a clerk hire someone to sit in the car whlle it is concentrated in the hands of the eight with the American Embassy. In 1948 he was being repaired. major oil companies which dominate seized on the streets of Moscow and would the market so effectively. spend eight years in SOviet camps, and an­ I agree that seatbelts can often save other 15 years in civiUan detention. A cheer­ lives, although there are some cases Today, we know little about how much ful representative of the Workers' Paradise, where they can trap an occupant during refinery capacity is at any one time be­ second in charge of SOviet security, called or after an accident. But I do not think cause the oil industry will not tell the Ryumln, called in young Dolgun, who had it is any more the Government's right to public. We know little about what use declined to confess to crimes he had not invade a person's privacy and ten him pipelines are being put to in terms of committed. how he must protect himself in this way transporting adequate supplies of fuel. "'And so,' said Ryumin politely, stroking Why? Because the large oil companies his rubber truncheon which was an inch and than it is to tell him to wear his rubbers a half thick, 'you have survived trial by when it rains. see fit to withhold the information. sleeplessness with honor. So now we will try Can you imagine what thoughts would Today's energy ct1sis, many Americans the club. Prisoners don't last more than two go through your mind if your car stalled believe, is a contrived thing arranged by or three sessions of this. Let down your in a short-cycle left turn lane at a busy the major oil companies, with the acqui­ trousers and lie on the runner.' intersection. Try this: the car jumps escence of the Federal Government. To­ "The colonel sat down on the prisoner's ahead a foot or two and stalls; you try day, the American consumer, is paying a back. Dolgun had intended to count the to restart it; nothing happens. Then you permium price for all forms of energy blows. He didn't know yet what a blow with a rubber truncheon is on the sciatic nerve. remember. You turn off the ignition, open because the energy monopoly has been The effect is not in the place where the blow your seatbelt, close it again, and try to allowed to operate almost totally in the is delivered-it blows up inside the head. start the car. If it has not flooded, maybe dark. After the first blow the victim was insane you can catch the green light next time The Federal Government has allowed with pain and broke his nails on the carpet. around. Meanwhile, tramc has backed itself to be placed in the disgraceful posi­ Ryumin beat away. up, horns are honking, and three cars tion of accepting all energy facts from "After the beating the prisoner could not back someone has tried to pull out and these companies and offering them to the walk, and of course, he was not carried. They go around, causing an accident. This 1s people and media as gospel. No Federal just dragged him along the floor ... [then] not safety-it's foolishness. Ryumin went wild, and started to beat him agency of any kind, except the Federal in the stomach and broke through the intes­ I recently received several petitions in Trade Commission, has sought energy tinal wall, in the form of an enormous hernia support of my bill. The 79 signatures were facts from the companies. That is why where his intestines protruded. And the pris­ gathered in a short period of time by only they have been able to tell any and all oner was taken off to the Butyrka hospital one of the many repair shops in my dis­ critics that they know nothing and can­ with a case of peritonitis, and, for the time trict. Their customers were very rightly not be allowed. Following such successful being the attempts to compel him to commit concerned at the prospects of even higher attempts to discredit any critics, they a foul deed were broken off.'' repair costs in the days to come. When come forward with their own versions The reason Brezhnev, et al, are so much the cost of living is rising all around us, afraid of Solzhenitsyn is that his indictment and ask for public belief. Government isn't of the man Stalin, or even of the man Congress has a duty to remove this added agencies, disgracefully depend upon them Lenin, whose atrocities figure greatly in this and unwelcome burden on our citizens. for facts, have in the past only been able book. His indictment is universal: an indict­ I am proud to be a cosponsor of H.R. to agree dumbly with the specious argu­ ment of totalitarian society. Brezhnev can no 10664, which would repeal the interlock ments advanced by the prtvate interests more convincingly denounce Stalin than he requirement, and urge my colleagues to the agencies are supposed to police. can denounce his own aorta. The governors join in passing this much-needed bill. The Federal Power Commission, for of the Soviet Union cannot break With their The text of the petition is short and to own past Without walking, unmanacled, to example, takes what figures the oil and Red Square, to set a torch upon themselves. the point, and I include it at this point gas interests offer it, and puts them out This is the moment not for bureaucratic in the record: as Government gospel. No outside in­ response, but for gallant response, and those PETITION terests operating on behalf of the public of us who know Henry Kissinger pray that he To the Congressmen, Senators an4 Auto is allowed access to these figures, because will take ·the initiative--no one could do it Manufacturers: the agency claims business confidential­ better. We, the undersigned, urge you to support ity is vital. Other Federal agencies seek­ If a hair of the head of SOlzhenitsyn is the blll HR 10277 requiring the removal of ing such figures in the public interest harmed: the mterlock system from all vehicles. are denied such information, as has been January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 817 the case with the Federal Trade Com­ Advisers, estimates that these major oil a revised version of the family assistance mission. When the FTC sought industry companies will coin $13 billion in excess plan. This welfare reform or guaranteed data from the FPC, a sister agency, the profits in 1973, above and beyond what annual income measure was strenuously FPC did all it could to block FTC access they made in 1972. Further, the taxes pushed by the President during his first to this information. At one point, it asked they will end up paying the Federal Gov­ term in office and then dropped during FTC to submit an application for the ernment on this may well be nil because the 1972 campaign. data. Other events, including attempts of the foreign tax credit, allowing them It would be a serious mistak.e for the to destroy public documents, have also to write off what they pay the Arabs dol­ President to resurrect this radical and characterized the FPC's actions. And be­ lar for dollar against their American thoroughly discredited program. In the cause we know nothing about the true Federal income tax. That loss to the Fed­ :i.972 elections, the American people state of energy reserves, the FPC, oper­ eral Treasury means that the average voiced their support for a reduction, not ating behind closed doors, has been able American will have to make up the Fed­ an increase, in welfare spending. Mc­ to effectively deregulate the price of nat­ eral tax deficit out of what he pays. GoVERN and his $1,000-for-everyone ural gas at the wellhead through the op­ Calmly, dispassionately, and with hurt giveaway welfare proposal were over­ tional pricing procedure. By granting in­ tone, the oil executives admit that this whelmingly repudiated. It is ironic that dividual price hikes of huge proportions, in fact is the case, and offer the excuse after criticizing McGovERN for his $1,000 the normal procedures have been that they are multinational in their op­ giveaway scheme, the administration is evaded. erations. now supposedly considering one which is The U.S. Geological Survey and the This in turn brings out another point. almost equally ridiculous. Would the Bureau of Land Management of the De­ These companies are so multinational President really have us believe that the partment of the Interior also bear a large and are devoted so singlemindedly to American people who one year ago over­ part of the blame for this Government the profits they earn, that national in­ whelmingly rejected $4,000 for a family ignorance of energy facts. Both these terests of the United States and the well­ of four would now accept a program agencies play massive roles in the ad­ being of the American people come far guaranteeing a minimum payment of ministration of public lands. Yet neither down the list of their priorities. We come $3,200 for a family of four? of them conducts an annual census of last, and shall continue to come last. I am quick to agree that we need a publicly owned energy resources. Neither Which points out the true evil of the major overhaul of our chaotic, costly and of them publishes any annual report on huge multinational conglomerate. If they inefficient welfare system. Even more such resources or on what has been ex­ will gain economically by harming the disturbing than the staggering cost, the tracted by private interests from public United States, even though they are os­ present system tends to foster depend­ lands. In fact, the activities of these tensibly an American company, to make ency on the Government as a way of life. agencies give observers reason to believe the big do~lar, they will efficiently and Many recipients now view welfare pay­ that they are on the side of the oil com­ without hesitation pursue a policy that ments as a lifetime right, rather than a panies in almost every aspect of the will hurt America. No greater illustration temporary measure to assist them energy crisis. In no way have these agen­ of this can be offered than the energy through difficult times. cies done anything to alleviate the situa­ embroglio we are presently wrestling The famil~ assistance plan, however. tion. And when we turn to them for data, with. will only further expand the welfare all they have to offer is again what the The United States has to act in self­ mess. More, not less, people will be on the oil and gas monopolies have thrown to defense against these companies, and the welfare rolls. More, not less, money will them as a pittance. So once again, as the first steps can and must be taken at be spent on welfare benefits. More, not questions grow in number and com­ home and within the Federal Govern­ less, people will be dependent on the plexity, the Federal Government is ment. An independent source of statis­ Government for their food, shelter, and operating without effective and definitive tics must be brought into being, to gather clothing. information. information for the Congress on energy. Once the idea of a guaranteed annual Because of this situation, the oil com­ Therefore, I am joining in cosponsor­ income is accepted, the Government will panies have been allowed to plead any ship of the measure to create a Bureau have gone perpetually into the charity excuse for their incredible policies, of Energy Information to conduct sur­ business. Our Nation will have taken a which have driven their minimal com­ veys, gather facts, supply Congress with giant step toward a permanent welfare petition to the economic wall. Because answers to current questions, and insure state. we have not taken the trouble to find that we shall not have a repetition of out what they are doing and how they the present situation. are doing it, they have been able to half The public and the Congress have a DOES FREEDOM OF THE PRESS EX­ convince the public that there are actual right to know all pertinent facts about TEND TO FREEDOM TO UNDER­ shortages, when in fact they are manipu­ pipelines, refineries, and tanker fleets, MINE COMPETITION? lating the situation to their ultimate including who owns them, the sched­ financial advantage. Why, for example, Uiling, contents, and marketing proce­ were they able to construct numerous dures. If the oil companies do not like cutrate gas stations for their secondary sharing this information with the people HON. JOHN R. RARICK brands this summer while pleading a and the Congress, that is simply too bad. OF LOUISIANA gasoline shortage which drove 1,500 Much of our present difficulty can be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES small gas station operators out of traced to the indulgence we have tradi­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 business? tionally offered to the domestic oil in­ Now we are confronted with the heat­ dustry, which emerges as a parasitic Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in these ing fuel shortage, which has effectively middleman, devoted to making money times of political and moral upheaval it allowed them to raise their prices on out of our present crisis, rather than de­ seemingly has become commonplace for home fuel and gasoline to unheard of voted to alleviating it. And this is merely people in public and private life to be levels. Yet when confronted with a a beginning. critical of the news media. And, in re­ threat of congressional action if they did turn, it has become commonplace for the not reveal what their actual stocks of media to defend itself against charges reserves were, they told the Nation their of deception, half-truths, and innuendo stocks of vital fuels were higher than at FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN IS NO as attacks on their first amendment t:3is time last year. Some observers SOLUTION TO WELFARE MESS rights. might construe this as a contrived at­ But, unprecedented is the current local tempt by the oil companies to frighten situation where one of the two Wash­ the public into acquiescing in strato­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK ington, D.C. newspapers accuses the oth­ spheric price hikes, which have, of OF OHIO er of "errors" in reporting its financial course, become the norm. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stren~h. Perhaps, even more unprec­ Recent hearings into oil company Thursday, January 24, 1974 edented is that the complaining editor's letter has now appeared in the letters to profits and taxes have revealed devas­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, ru­ the editor of the other paper, accom­ tating facts. Walter Heller, former mors have been circulating to the effect panied by the editor's note admitting one Chairman of the Council of Economic that the administration may introduce "error," denying any intention of mts- 818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1971,. representation on another point, and ties." The plain fact is that when The Star­ Alabama with the announced capital invest­ News added an earlier edition, production of ment for 1973 almost doubling the previous admitting no plea to the remainder. its last edition wa.s on overtime. By combin­ year's figures and exceeding the billion dol­ We should all be happy that, at least ing the last two editions of the day, The lar mark for the first time in history, Gov. as yet neither newspaper has accused Star-News experienced no loss in circulation George Wallace announced today at Gar­ the other of attacks on its historic right while saving overtime expenses. rett Coliseum. to a free press. An informed electorate In the framework of business review, capi­ Addressing a luncheon group of several requires access to varied opinions from tal expenditure is a barometer of vitality. thousand people from all over the State, its newspapers. Freedom of press must While your article mentions in passing that Governor Wallace reported that the an­ The Star-News has a new photoengraving nounced capital investment for new manu­ never be given a single monopolistic printing process, it makes no reference to facturing plants and expansions of existing voice, in Washington, D.C.-our Nation's other substantial capital investments. The faclllties reached a record high of $1,652,- Capital. printing process alone, is the result of a $1.75 726,535 during 1973, almost double the $838,- I insert the letter to the editor from million dollar investment. Your article also 290,120 reported in 1972. a newspaper president which appeared falls to report a $1.5 milllon dollar investment The capital investment figure represents in the January 24 Washington Post at made in mailroom equipment presently being outlays to be made for 164 new plants and this point: installed to improve Star-News service to its 841 plant expansions which will cree.te an [From the Washington Post, Jan. 24, 1974] advertisers. estimated 42,998 new jobs when all of the Our company is growing. It is investing announced facilities are completed and are FINANCIAL STRENGTH OF THE WASHINGTON heavily in the future. We are confident that in full operation. STAR-NEWS Washington Star Communications will con­ The Governor termed the announcement a The Post was guUty of a number of errors tinue to expand its operations. "prodigious achievement" for the people oonceming The Washington Star-News and We recognize t;he obvious reportorlaJ dif­ of Alabama and another indication of signi­ Washington Star Communications, Inc. in an ficulties in comparing a privately held cor­ ficant progress in the State's climb up the article entitled "MiXed Fortunes" which ap­ poration with a publicly held one. Nonethe­ economic ladder. peared in its Business OUtlook section on less, most of the information was capable o:f "This announcement portends a continu­ Sunday, January 13. verification; and, more seriously, the selection ing upsurge in economic growth and all the First, the errors of fact: process and pejorative use of words casts into things that accompany such growth," the The Post is in error in its description of doubt the joumalitic responsiblllty of the Governor said. Washington Star Communications, Inc., and article. J. Craig Smith, president of the Alabama in llstlng its subsidiary and affiliated com­ JOHN H. KAUFMANN, State Chamber of Commerce and well known panies. Three of our companies were not list­ President, Washington Star Communi­ textile executive, said, "This 1s the second ed in the paragraph which purports to show cations, Inc., The Evening Star News­ consecutive year that an all-time record has our holdings: WCIV-TV, our NBC-affilialte in paper Company. been set which indicates th&t we definitely Oh.a.Tleston, S.C.; The Washington Star (EDIToR's NoTE: The Post was in error on have an attractive business climate in Ala­ Syndicartie; and Commercial Electronics, Inc. the amount of Washington Star Communi­ bama. We should strive to maintain this good These holdings are no secret; they are pub­ cations, Inc., holdings in Tal-Star Computer business climate and develop our State in lished every day on page two of The Star­ Systems. On the matter of the incomplete­ an orderly manner. Nearly half of the total News. ness of our listing of the area's largest firms, amount of expansion announced is from in­ The Post is in error in stating that we there was no intention to list all subsidlarles dustries that are already in Alabama, fur­ ·hold a 45 per cent interest i1'1 Tal-Star Com­ of the companies involved-including all ther proof of a favorable attitude toward in­ puter Systems. The proper figure is 81 per­ those of the Washington Post Co. For the rest dustry in Alabama. As it has in the past the cenlt. of Mr. ·Kaufmann's arguments, we enter no Alabama Chamber wlll continue to work with The Post is in error in reporting that The plea, on grounds that they have to do largely the State, county and local governments in Star-News "killed" its Sunday magazine. lit with genuinely arguable questions of em­ making Alabama a better place in which to would be more accurate to state that the phasis, nuance, and tone.) live." magazine was replaced by Fa.mtly Weekly, a The annual year-end industrial report is na.tionally syndicated supplement thalt he.s compiled jointly by the Alabama Develop­ proved extremely popular wlith our readers. ALABAMA'S INDUSTRIAL GROWTH ment omce, State Chamber of Commerce, and (We note thalt your article fails to mention the Industrial Development Depa.rtment of thtllt 'I1he Post discontinued publishing Book the Alabama Power Company. The figures it World a.s a Sunday supplement). HON. BILL NICHOLS oontaJ.ns on capital investment and new jobs The facturu errors were aggravaJted by mis­ OF ALABAMA to be created are those reported by company leading comparisons and a generally slanted omcials. "It 1s a reflection of the combined tone. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efforts of industrial development groups tn To state that The Star-News has been los­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 both the private sector and on the State ing advert1sing business since last fall is mis­ level and of locally elected omcials through­ leading. The Star-News enjoyed a 9.2 per Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, the in­ out Alabama,'' the Governor said. cent gain in advertising for the year, versus dustrial growth and expansion of the Capital investment announced for 164 new a 6.8 per cent gain for The Post. Since, in Southeastern region of these United plants in 1973 was $840,913,220 a new record. the same article, The Post cites its own line­ States during the past 25 years has been Jobs to be provided by these new plants age figures on an annual basis, simple fair­ when full production is reached are esti­ spectacular and this region has proven mated at 20,606. ness would indicate that The Star-News' im­ be proved position should be noted on the same itself to an integral part of the Na­ Announced capital investment for 841 ex­ basis. tion's economic success. panding Alabama industries was $811,813,315 The Post cites unattrlbuted rumors about Alabama has made exceptional growth and will create an estimated 22,392 new the saJe of The Star-News. These rumors are during this period and this past year of jobs when the facilities are completed and unfounded. And they seem to be the only 1973 was marked by record industrial in full operation. Each of these figures rep­ instance of rumors that were reported in growth and expansion for this Southern resents a new record for Alabama. your review of Washington businesses. giant. The grand totals for new and expanding industries in capital investment, numbers of The article is so framed in several other I would like to congratulate Gov. respects that it creates an impression of fi­ plants and jobs to be created are, likewise, nancial problems. The sale of our minor 8.4 George C. Wallace, Mr. R. c. "Red" new all time highs for the State. per cent interest in the Spruce FaJls Power Bamberg, director of Alabama's Develop­ R. C. "Red" Bamberg, Alabama Develop­ and Paper Company of Canada is linked to ment Office, and the hundreds of other ment Offi.ce director, said he was highly grat­ a need for cash in the same sentence that Alabamians whose outstanding efforts ified with the industrial successes enjoyed Teports rumors of an impending sale of our made 1973 the greatest year ever for Ala­ during the year. He praised the etforts of the newspaper. The Spruce FaJls holding was sold bama industrial growth. ADO Industrial Development Division and as a prudent and very profitable business the leadership provided by Fred Denton, Mr. Speaker, I would like to submit State industrial development director. He tra.nsactlon. this press release for publication in the You associated Star-News' increases in ad- also stated that he wanted to acknowledge CONGRESSIONAL RECORD to further ex­ vertising and circulation rates with "cutbacks the cooperation and assistance many orga­ la.st year to save money." In the next para­ plain Alabama's industrial growth dur­ nizations and individuals provided. "Without graph, slmllar increases by The Post are jus­ ing the year of 1973. I do hope that all their support," he sa.ld, "no records could tified by "higher expenses, particularly wages Members of Congress take the opportu­ have been set." and newsprint." nity to read of Alabama's success: Governor Wallace praise~ T. L. Fau1Eler, Higher expenses are, indeed, a prob,em tor director of the Vocational Education and CAPITAL INVESTMENT ANNOUNCED FOR 1,005 Community Colleges Division. which admin­ all publishers. Recognizing this, one might NEW AND ExPANDING INDUSTRIES IN 1973 expect The Post to describe The Star-News' isters the Alabama Industrial Development DoUBLES 1972 FIGURE; ExcEEDs BILLION (AID) Training program. He satd that much -elimination of its closing stock market edi­ FOR DoLLARS FIRST Trlru: of the industrial growth of the past three tion in the context of emcient management, The years 1972 and 1973 were tandem yea.ra years can be attributed to the AID program :rather than relating 1t to "financial diftlcul- of record-breaking industrlal growth for which is now recogn1zed as the finest tn the January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 819 nation. The Governor said that delega.tlons 1. For the third consecutive year, Alabama's 400,000 in 1973 which was a 10.8 percent in­ from other states are now Visiting Alabama farmers set new records in gross agricultural crease over the $8,815,265,000 of 1972. This 1s to study firsthand this program, which trains income with a 1973 figure of $1.6 billion, up the estimate of the University of Alabama workers for industry while new plants and $500,000 over 1972. In 1971, the State's farm­ Center for Business and Economic Research. expanding plants are being constructed. ers exceeded a billion dollars in gross income 8. Economic growth is reflected in the ex­ Often it is the deciding factor in the de­ for the first time. penditures of utlllty companies, which must cision of plant omcials to locate in Alabama.. 2. Again in 1973, total deposits 1n State anticipate increased needs for their services. According to Faulkner, the AID program chartered banks increased substantially over In 1973, Alabama Power Company invested an has been committed to 109 industries. After those of a year earlier, growing from a 1972 estimated $364.7 mllllon for new generating, all tra1n1ng has been completed for these figure of $2,609,297,107 to $2,704,158,561 as of transmission, distribution, and related facU­ industries, 13,203 workers w111 have partici­ October 17. Combined total capital rose from lties. Company omcials expect to spend ap­ pated in the program. $216,000,000 to $259,000,000. There is now a proximately $466.9 million 1n 1974 for such Fred Denton, State director of industrial total of 195 State chartered banks with 113 facillties. This is part of the $1.5 b1111on ex­ development, said, "The record for industrial branches. pansion program involving new electric gen­ growth set in 1973 is a direct result of the 3. According to figures provided by the erating plants previously announced by the excellent cooperation that exists between the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, total de­ company. various industrial development groups oper­ posits of all member banks in Alabama in­ Alabama Gas Corporation plans to spend ating in Alabama, Many people throughout creased from $4,572,000,000 in 1972 to $5,- $8.6 million for various construction projects the State including the industrial developers 153,900,000 in 1973. during their current fiscal year which began of utlHttes, railroads, chambers of commerce 4. Capital savings on deposit with Alabama October 1. These expenditures wlll be pri­ and banks as well as city, county, state and Savings and Loan Associations increased from marily to serve new customers and for sys­ federal omctals have made important con­ $1,664,398,000 in 1972 to $1,830,000,000 ac­ tems improvements. tributions to our •total' industry-seeking cording to the Alabama SaVings and Loan Officials of SOuth Central Bell have esti­ effort. We on the State level acknowledge League. mated their construction budget for 1974 with gratitude these contributions." 5. The Home Builders Assoc18/tion of Ala­ at $141.6 million. Company projections indi­ "While I am always grateful for announce­ bama reported construction was started on cate that there will be an additional 88,500 ments of new industries coming to our State, approximately 24,400 new homes, down 2,600 phones 1n service ln Alabama by the end of I am equally grateful and pleased to see from the year before, but at an estimated 1974. expansions by our Alabama industries," the Combined 1974 expenditures by Alabama's Governor said. "No real progress can be made average cost of $29,000 for a total expenditure of $707,600,000, an increase of $181 m1111on three major Ult111tles Will be approximatel1 in industrial growth unless our estalblished $617.1 million. industry is doing well." over 1972. 6. Taxes collected by Alabama's Depart­ 9. Net earnings of the State Docks for the GOVERNOR LISTS NON-INDUSTRIAL GROWTH YN­ fiscal year ended on September SO, 1973 were DICATORS WHICH GIVE EVIDENCE THAT ALL ment of Revenue 1n fiscal year 1972-73 in­ approximately $1.5 million. Governor Wal­ SEGMENTS OF ECONOMY HEALTHY creased more than 12.52 percent ... from lace reported this to be the best port ftnanclal In addition to a great year in industrial $717,493,520 to $807,314,906. This increase achievement in the United states this year. growth, the Governor reported th&t there are is directly related to the multlpller effect In addition, for the first seven months of the many other indications that all segments of of new industrial payrolls being created in calendar year, imports through the Port of our economy are moving forward, some of the State. Mobile increased 31.6 percent and exports which are listed below. 7. Retail sales in Alabama totaled $9,759,- 106.8 percent.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CHART-STATE OF ALABAMA, ALABAMA DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

New industries Expanded industries Grand totals, new and expanded Number of Number of Number of Year plants Capital invested Jobs plants Capital invested Jobs plants Capital invested Jobs

1947------164 $47,735,000 9,018 13 $450,000 415 177 $48, 185, 000 9,433 1948 ___ ------127 18,513,000 4,055 14 3, 307,000 705 141 21,820,000 4, 760 1949------84 9, 744,400 3,442 12 2,845, 000 515 96 12,589,400 3,957 1950.------. 41 28,238,000 9,876 8 73,570,000 2,805 49 101, 808, 000 12,681 1951 ______------45 115,348,000 16,669 41 232, 848, 000 6, 350 86 348, 196,000 23,019 1952 ___ ------43 21,478,000 4, 715 25 14,799,000 2,520 68 36,277,000 7,235 1953 __ __------101 22,899,000 7, 684 52 48,670,000 2,959 153 71,569,000 10,643 1954 ____ ------67 27,844,000 3, 724 62 23,960,000 4,543 129 51,804,000 8,267 1955 ___ ------66 172,812,000 5,645 90 188, 278, 000 8, 801 156 361, 090, 000 14,446 1956 .. ------84 76,853,000 5, 996 79 197, 528, 000 4,550 163 274, 381, 000 10,546 1957------65 13,960,000 3, 280 49 91,149,000 4, 560 114 105, 109, 000 7,840 1958 .. ------47 12,831,500 4,665 41 36,270,000 1, 970 88 49,101,500 6,635 1959 ____ ------103 21, 567,500 5,161 161 80,278,500 7,011 264 101, 846, 000 12,172 1960 ___ ------127 80,109,500 6,828 174 132, 129, 200 7,485 301 212, 238, 700 14,313 1961 •. ------89 27,060,000 4,111 157 191, 607, 500 4,887 246 218, 667, 500 8,998 1962 •. ------111 62,174,000 7,854 150 68,467,000 6,907 261 130, 641, 000 14,761 1963 •. ------125 101, 446, 000 9,445 176 242,645, 980" 9, 910 301 344, 091, 980 19,355 1964 __ ------136 175, 168, 439 10, 762 177 230, 846, 493 11,712 313 406, 014, 932 22,474 1965 •• ------136 279, 971, 700 10,031 224 343, 479, 300 17,861 360 623, 451, 000 27,892 1966 •. ------122 91,248,000 11,581 208 237, 349,000 13,251 330 328,597, 000 24,832 1967------93 232, 712, 100 10,140 151 423, 934, 500 7,207 244 656, 646, 600 17,347 1968 •• ------119 140, 535, 600 9,928 198 272, 808, 850 13,023 317 413, 344, 450 22,951 1969 •. ------128 168, 373, 000 18,315 171 331, 770, 000 9,624 299 500, 143, 000 27,939 1970 ______------148 85,855,968 15,632 201 267,950,997 10,731 349 353, 806, 965 26,363 1971 __ ------159 164, 974, 975 15,684 155 198, 591, 848 5,236 314 363, 566, 823 20,920 1972 ___ ------1193 l 290, 895, 372 20,727 1489 1547,394,748 122, 151 1682 I 838, 290, 120 142,878 1973 __ ------164. 840, 913, 220 20,606 841 811, 813, 315 22,392 1, 005 1, 652, 726, 535 42,998 1 Previous record.

CHINESE NEW YEAR The Chinese have had a rich culture ately as Chinatown, thousands of Chi­ which has left its mark in this country. nese-Americans will join tonight in They have contributed particularly to marking this festive occasion with re­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI the fieids of medicine and science. One of OJ' NEW YORK ligious services, lavish parades, as well as the highlights of the medical year 1973 holiday meals. It is an event which few IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES was the widespread and successful use people who have witnessed it will ever Thursday, January 24, 1974 of the sophisticated Chinese medical forget. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today marks technique acupuncture in the United I would like to join with my colleagues the celebration of the Chinese New Year States. This ancient Chinese treatment has provided countless thousands of in the House in celebrating this joyous for millions of Chinese both in the United day, and extend my hope that our rela­ States and throughout the world. As the Americans with relief from various ail­ Chinese inaugurate the Year of the Tiger ments. tions with both the People's Republic as they look ahead with great anticipation The Chinese New Year is celebrated well as with the Nationalist will continue to a hopeful new era of peace 1n the with particular zeal in my home city of favorable throughout the "Year of the world. New York. In the area known affection- Tiger," 1974. 820 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 STEPHEN S. WISE AWARD PRE­ I'd llke briefly to discuss the present state settlement. We a.re giving scholarships in SENTED TO HON. FRANKL. KEL­ of human rights and the dignity o:t ms.n in Israel for vocational tralnlng and other edu­ LOGG - relation to refugee situa.tivns, and then to cation through university level, paying sub­ share with you some of the moving per­ sistence costs in some cases, and we are as­ sonal experiences I've ha1 in connection with sisting in the construction of physical facu­ one o! the more dramatic migrations of these lties. These include absorption centers and HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM times, the movement of Jews from the Soviet hostels at Rehovot, Holon and Hfar Saba; OF NEW YORK Union to Israel. housing at Ca.rmlel, Ashdod and other places, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is entirely likely, In my oplnlon, that and a flood of the splendid new Rambam the historians somedsy are going to identify Hospital in Hal:ta, where immigrant doctors Thursday, January 24, 1974 the 20th Century not as the century of ad­ and nurses will be retrained. vancement or enlightenment or achievement It is one of the happier programs In which Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the but as the Century of the Refugee, for no I have been engaged as a government official. Stephen S. Wise Award of the American single human problem has been more persis­ Last May, touring Israel, I saw some of the­ Jewish Congress was recently presented tent or more dominant over all these years. human results--children and old people­ to the Hon. FrankL. Kellog, Special As­ Every war-and we have not been without learning their new language, scientists al­ sistant to the Secretary of State for Ref­ at least one war at any given time--has taken ready doing useful work, musicians tuning ugee and Migration "for distinguished­ not only a toll of lives but also has dispos­ up with new colleagues, professional men contributions to the movement and re­ sessed multitudes of people and sent them and women moving Into new careers. There­ settlement of persecuted and homeless into flight. Genocide has been all too fre­ were problems everywhere I went, but the­ quent; it was the Nazi regime which took warmth with which the newcomers were refugees around the world." The Wise power 40 years ago that fL'st put the U.S. being received, the enthusiasm of both the­ Award was established in 1949 to cele­ Government into the business of refugee immigrants and their Israeli teachers and brate Rabbi Wise's 75th birthday and to assistance. Varieties of ideological opres­ colleagues, the hope reflected in :faces and in honor men and women whose qualities sion, particularly in the communist coun­ almost every conversation-they were sights of moral courage, love of liberty, and tries in later years, have resulted in a long and sounds and experiences I wlll not forget. service have exemplified the noblest and steady flow of refugees, punctuated from One of the questions I am most frequently teachings and ideals of the Jewish her­ time to time by surges such as those from asked is why the Department of State en­ itage. Recipients in previous years have China, Tibet, Hungary, Poland, East Ger­ gages in these widespread operations of as­ ma,ny, Czechoslovakia, Cuba. And finally, sistance to refugees and migrants. What has included Earl Warren, Roy Wilkins, in the past couple of decades, some of the this to do with the execution of American Leonard Bernstein, Arthur J. Goldberg, developing nations have begun to contribute foreign policy? Adlai E. Stevenson, W. Averell Harri­ to the toll as the result of polltical, tribal, The answers are several. man, Robert Kennedy, HUBERT HUM­ even religious violence, and sometimes the From the practical standpoint, these pro­ PHREY, Harry S. Truman, and Herbert erratic cruelties of petty dictators. grams almost always are conducted or co­ H. I.Jehman. Mr. Kellogg embodies the In Africa alone, today, we count more than ordinated by, or at least involve the participa­ humanitarian spirit demanded of the a million men, women and children in r ef­ tion of international humanitarian organiZa­ ugee status; In the Middle East, a million tions within or outside the United Nations times and certainly deserves to be and a half. Around the world the total is system, such as the Office o:t the UN High honored for his efforts. in the neighborhood of 8 million, and despite Commissioner :tor Refugees, the International Reprinted herewith are Mr. Kellogg's massive and continuing resettlement and Committee of the Red Cross and the Inter­ remarks upon receiving the 1973 Stephen repatriation programs over the years, there governmental Committee for European S. Wise Award emphasizing the resilience have seldom been fewer than tha~ as long as Migration. ICEM, as it is called, is in fact of the human spirit despite adversity: records have been kept. Soon after I took up directing the transport of Soviet Jews from my job in Washington three years ago the REMARKS OF FRANK L. KELLOGG, SPECIAL As­ Austria to Israel under the U.S. assistance­ number soared drastically with the flight program. SISTANT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOB of nearly 10 million people from what is now REFUGEE AND MIGRATION AFFAIRS Many of the programs have the support of Bangladesh. It remains a miracle of world other nations, and this, of course, also brings. (Presented to the Stephen S. Wise Awards humanitarian achievement that the masses the Department of State into the picture. Dinner of the American Jewish Congress, of destitute and frightened Bengalis, hud­ Again, the existence of a refugee situa­ The Pierre, New York, N.Y.) dling In more than a thousand teeming tion can be an Important factor in day-to­ DECEMBER 9, 1973. camps, somehow were housed, clothed, fed day conduct of foreign policy. Stated simply, I would have to be blessed with the legen­ and protected from epidemic for a year, until any large number of uprooted and despairing dary eloquence of Rabbi Wise to be able to they were able to return to their homes. people creates or complicates animosities be­ express to you the true depth of my feelings The causes are many and the numbers o:t tween nations and leads to all kinds of in­ on this occasion. To be asked to join the human victims are vast, but I think you ternational problems; the Middle East situ­ distinguished company of Wise Award laure­ can't really comprehend the situation untU ation of the past 25 years provides an ex­ ates, to have the attention :tor a :few min­ you translate it into terms o:t individual ample. On the other hand, the resettlement utes of this important audience-well, my human beings. I move among refugees in or repatriation of refugees tends to ease ten­ cup runneth over. the course of my work and I've met and sions and encourage the prospect of peace. Let me say, that if I ha.ve at all earned talked with dispossessed and displaced peo­ Sudan at this moment, for instance, is com­ this distinction, it is because of the work of ple of many nationalities, races and creeds pleting the return to their homes of nearly many people, and they deserve to share the and have witnessed their physlca: priva­ 700,000 people in a program contributing to honor. For qutte a :few years, in private life tions and their devastated morale. But there a peace which ended along clvU war. and now in government, I have been fortu­ is another side of the coin, and that ls the Beyond these factors, in the international nate to labor in association with them­ resillency of the human spirit. I have arena. you have the unshakeable American some o:t the finest men and women who walk watched the penniless migrant who reaches tradition of compassion and our national the earth-the leaders o:t the humanitarian a new land, straightens bowed shoulders and dedication to the rights of man. And finally movements of this and other countries, In­ sets out to achieve self-suf viency and self­ our basic belief, restated most recently by dividuals dedicated to the protection of the respect, and I have been a·.red by it. Over Henry A. Kissinger in his first address as Sec­ rights o:t man and the advancement of hu­ and wer I have observed this phenomenon retary of ,State, that the ultimate goal o! man dignity. I am aware of the pioneering of human response in the presence of hope foreign policy has to be a world of true peace contributions of Dr. Wise toward these goals and challenge, anti in the atmosphere of a in which basic human rights are the birth­ here in the United States; I grew up in and just society. Quite recently, for example, I right of every man and there ts justice and around New York, and I am old enough to flew from Vienna with a group of Soviet emi­ the rule of law. recall his campaigns to eradicate discrimi­ grants to Israel, and ·. saw their exhilaration, The kind of world, as the prophet put it, nation in college entrance procedures and their tearful joy, their great e J.Otion as they in which men "shall beat their swords into in employment practices, and his other ef­ set foot on the son of their new homeland. ploughshares, and their spears into pruning forts in causes of social and economic jus­ It was deeply touching to see; it reminded hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against tice and the correction of civic wrongs. me that "Hatikvah," the Hope, is probably nation, neither shall they learn war any­ This man was a giant. His works live after the most appropriate anthem in the world more. But they shall sit every man under him. Just one of them, the American Jewish today, for that was what I was witnessing, his vine and under his fig tree, and none Congress which he founded, I count among hope personi.fled, that afternoon at Lod shall m.ake them afraid." the important organlz&tions, national and Airport. Dr. Wise, an eminently practical man, put international, sectarian and non-sectarian, The United States Government, as I'm it another way years ago, in a sermon on which are striving, each in its own field, to sure you are aware, is assisting the Soviet the occasion of his 45th anniversary as a advance the common aim. Ladies and gen­ Jewish migration, 1n a program enacted by rabbi. Again looking to the ultimate future, tlemen, as we near the three-quarter point Congress. The taxpayer funds are substan­ he observed that "there will be no real Jew­ of this century of ours, looking at the world tial-not nearly as great, of course, as the ish emancipation until there is human eman­ around us, I only wish It were less of an money raised privately in this country to cipation all over the world." uphill fight. assist Israel-but they make important con­ My own view is that we don't have .a lot But I'll get into the global outlook a little tributions in the form of help with trans­ of time. We have been inching too slowly and later, and our options as I see them. First portation of the imm1grants, and their re- too long toward the just and viable world January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 821 to which we aspire, and events are catching these are betng bused because of court and economic future. However, up untU up with us. Nations and tribes and sects and order and many more are being bused be­ now there has been much heat and only ideologies continue to claw at each other on nearly all the continents, generating new yond the school nearest them because of a little light. The President blames Con­ quarrels or prolonging old ones, taking lives, this same order. gress for not acting. The Congress causing misery, creating reservoirs of de­ Because of the tremendous increase in blames the administration for not seeing. spair along the way-as if Albert Einstein bustng it has been necessary to stagger And the oil companies blame everyone had never lived, as if the missile silos and the the opening times of the public schools. for not understanding. The truth of the bombers and the submarines and the nuclear This is simply because there are not matter is that before a year ago, nobody warheads were mythological instead of very enough buses to get the students to school much cared about energy. Nearly every­ real. Either mankind is going to start mov­ all at one opening time. ing with more determination and more ef­ one assumed that it would just be there. fectiveness toward a world of justice, univer­ As a result our high schools open at 7 But despite what we would like to be­ sal human rights and true peace, or we a.m. Our junior highs open at 7:30 and lieve, our energy problems did not arise are going to founder along that other path 8 a.m. and the elementary schools open overnight. They are the product of years at the end of which lies holocaust, oblitera­ at 8:30, 9, and 9:30a.m. of shortsighted policy, the unwarranted tion, a lifeless planet. Why not open an hour later? Even an intrusion of special interests into the area Well, I don't want to sound like a har­ hour later in the middle of winter would of policymaking, and simple neglect. Our binger of doom on this auspicious occasion. still bring high school students to school fiscal policy toward the petroleum in­ The thought I want to leave with you-be­ yond my appreciation for your attention and in total darkness so nothing would be dustry is the prime case of failure-but the great honor you have bestowed on me--is gained even if the transportation were there are others. Through the depletion that we of this century have it in our power available, which it is not. allowance, fast tax writeoffs, import to move toward a safe and decent world in For the elementary children an open­ quotas, and State prorationing, we have which the human spirit has a chance to ing an hour later would take them out of encouraged the wasteful consumption of realize itself. It has to be done step by step, the morning safety problem but throw our domestic petroleum-a drain-Amer­ by finding practical solutions to real prob­ them right into the same hazard in the ica-first policy. In recent years, as domes­ lems, by building toward tolerance and un­ tic wells have dried up and costs have -derstanding, justice and willingness to share. evening. It will require wisdom, determination, sacri­ The rationale behind legislating year­ risen, the focus of the domestic oil in­ fices, compromises and large doses of unself­ round daylight saving time was that it dustry has turned to foreign production. ish compassion, in the legacy of the great would conserve energy. As I recall the In fact, we have actually encouraged this man whose name is perpetuated in these debate on the proposal no one could dem­ movement of capital resources through awards. Let us get on with the job. onstrate just how or how much energy several ill-conceived provisions of our tax Thank you. would be saved. code. It is my belief that any energy con­ Mr. Speaker, in our frenzy to find a servation resulting from the bill is going solution to these energy shortages, we to prove negligible, certainly nothing must not neglect the tremendous role­ EMERGENCY DAYLIGHT SAVINGS commensurate with the danger hundreds the pivotal role-our tax policy has TIME SHOULD BE REPEALED of thousands of schoolchildren face each played in precipitating this condition of morning. shortage. In the days and months ahead, HON. RICHARD H. FULTON In fact, I would be willing to go a step we must begin a searching analysis of the further and guess that when the figures taxation of oil and gas income. We must OF TENNESSEE throw out wasteful, counterproductive "IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are in the results will actually show a loss of energy. In the Nashville public schools, subsidies and construct in their place a Thursday, January 24, 1974 for instance, the daylight saving time is program which is equitable and efficient Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, perhaps forcing the schools to be opened an hour and which serves our goal of energy in­ you heard on radio news this morning, as earlier each morning, meaning that an dependence. I did, of the tragic consequences which additional hour of lighting and heating Any discussion of the tax subsidies for have occurred in Florida as a result of ob­ is required. oil and gas production should begin with serving daylight savings time during In addition, many parents who formeT­ an examination of the congressional in­ these winter months. ly let their children walk to bus stops are tent in first establishing those benefits. Quoting from memory I recall the now driving them there and waiting in In looking back at this legislative history, newscast reported that in Miami-area their .cars, motors running to keep warm, we find a jumbled story of confused in­ hospitals today are three children, vic­ until the bus arrives. tent, foggy logic, and arbitrary-almost tims of accidents which occurred while Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I have intro­ capricious-policymaking. walking or being transported to school in duced legislation to repeal this act. On The strange history of the oil deple­ the dark because of daylight savings Monday I intend to invite every Member tion allowance, and all tax matters re­ time. Throughout the State of Florida it of this body to join in cosponsorship of lating to depreciation, begins in 1913 is reported that five children have been this legislation. Year-round observance with the passage of that year's Revenue killed in accidents related to daylight of daylight saving time is unnecessary, Act. That legislation provided that for savings time so far this year. And for the a public safety hazard, and ineffective as the consumption of net income for the year to date there have been 13 chil­ an energy conservation measure. It normal tax on corporations-which stood dren injured or killed in accidents re­ should be repealed. at 1 percent-there should be allowed lated to school travel compared with only as a deduction "a reasonable allowance 14 for the entire year of 1973. for the exhaustion, wear and tear of In my own district, Tennessee's Fifth, property arising from its use in business." we have been more fortunate, or should THE STRANGE HISTORY OF THE The 1916 act recognized the need to I say luckier. While there have been no DEPLETION ALLOWANCE-I limit this provision. That act read, in deaths there have been injuries. Yester­ part: day a 15-year-old boy was seriously in­ . . . when the allowance authorized . . . jured on his way to school at 7: 05 a.m. HON. CHARLES A. VANIK shall equal the capital originally invested, OF OHIO or in the case of a purchase made prior to when his motorbike crashed into a parked March 1, 1913, the fair market value as of truck. --ni~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that date, no further allowance shall be A junior high school girl narrowly es­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 made. caped serious injury when her bicycle was Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the coming By limiting the deduction to the actual struck by a car at 7:20a.m. of this winter's energy shortages has pro­ capital investment of the taxpayer, the And another youngster was barely voked the embarrassing questions, "How lawmakers prevented depreciation from missed by a. vehicle but the boy's dog who did we get here?" and "Who is responsi­ becoming an open-ended subsidy. This is was walking with him to school was not ble?" The fact is the energy crisis rep-1 essentially the same depreciation con­ as fortunate. He was struck and killed. resents the most monumental failure of cept that we know today throughout In the Metropolitan-Nashville-David­ public policy since the Depression. We most businesses and industries. son county Tennessee public school sys­ have to find some of the answers to these Special provisions for the natural re­ tem some 50,000 children are bused to questions if we are to be successful in sources arose in the 1918 Revenue Act. school each day. About 20 percent of charting a successful course for our social In that year, the concept of "discovery 822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1971, value depletion" was born. Instead of ahead and make these discoveries. At the and for minerals. It is perfectly obvious that. tieing the deduction to any measure of time we put that in, as I recollect it, it was 1f I buy an acre of land in the Rocky Moun­ practically admitted that in normal times tains and pay ten dollars an acre for it, and invested capital, discovery value deple­ they would not be entitled to anything of then, by hard work, discover a rich deposit of tion allowed a deduction on the basis of that kind. gold on it, the calculation of my depletion on the "value" of the property. The senti­ the ortgtnal $10 basis would not allow me any ment behind the provision is revealed In that same year, Senator Couzens adequate return on my real capital. So in al­ most clearly in the report filed by the committee submitted its "Internal Reve­ lowing what is called discovery value, Con­ Senate Finance Committee: nue Bureau Investigation Report.'' The gress and the Bureau have tried to get a.t the The prospector for mines or oil and gas report was highly critical of the oU deple­ real but the unknown value of the property spends many years and much money in tion deduction system. In referring to the owned by the taxpayer. fruitless search. When he does locate a pro­ mechanics of discovery depletion, it Whether it is wise to handle the problem ductive property and comes to settle it, it in that way or not I am not entirely per­ stated: suaded. It has led to some large deductions seems unwise and unfair that his profit be There appears to be no system, no adher­ taxed at the maximum rate as 1f it were from income, but to refuse to do it and to ence to principle, and a total absence of calculate the depletion on the original cost ordinary income attributable to the normal competent supervision. activities of a single year. is not fair, either, because in these uncertain. Significantly, however, the report was industries there is :t;nuch property which is Because the deduction is tied to a dif­ even more distressed with the rationale bound to be worthless, on which the tax­ ferent concept of capital than the de­ used to justify the entire concept of de­ payer really makes a dead loss; but there is preciation deduction, discovery value no production and consequently no depletion pletion allowances: from that property. Mr. King: Ana no tax. depletion cannot be thought of as anal­ The increment in the value of the prop­ ogous to depreciation. Indeed, discovery erty due to the discovery of . . . on . . . Proponents of the depletion deduction value has injected into our tax laws a can in no way be d11ferent1ated, in principle have always managed to be quite ro­ concept of capital which is inappropriate from the increment in the value of real mantic about the exploration for oil. But for tax purposes. Since the deduction for estate, stocks, bonds, or other property, yet they have never been able to resolve why depletion is not tied to the taxpayer's all such increment 1s taxed ... the greater exploring for oU is so much different than actual investment in the property, it is part of the allowances for discovery deple­ any other business enterprise: in essence a subsidy, where the taxpayer tion are made to those who drill in proven ground. • . . Furthermore, every investor in Mr. CouZENS. Does the Senator know of any can recover his initial investment many speculative stocks, particularly those who in­ other industry where that (the depletion times over. Prof. Reid Hambrick has vest in new enterprises ••• assume a great deduction) is allowed? estimated that under the present system risk of loss ... (yet no other) investor 1S Mr. REED. The production of minerals is the of percentage depletion-which, as we permitted to set up the value of his business, only one I know of . . . It is only in the pro­ shall see, replaced discovery value deple­ as a deduction from the profit to be derived duction of such minerals that the element of uncertainty enters so largely. tion-the taxpayer generally recovers his from that busin~ss for the purpose of deter­ investment 18 times over. mining his net taxable income. Discovery Mr. CoUZENs. We cannot determine the de­ depletion 1s not a deduction permitted for gree of the element of risk that enters into Discovery value depletion ran into im­ the purpose of arriving at the net income the respective industries, but I submit that mediate opposition on Capitol Hill. derived from mines and oil and gas wells. It anyone who undertakes an industry ... has Senator La Follette introduced an is clearly an exemption from taxation ana an element of risk, has he not? amendment which would have killed the as such is a discrimination against every Mr. REED. Yes; he has an element of risk proposal as it came out of the Finance other taxpayer in every other industry. but )lis property is generally worth some­ Committee. His amendment obviously (Emphasis added.) thing, even 1f the risks go against him. This is not true of the man who takes a worthless failed. Despite vigorous efforts to defeat As the Couzens report outlined, the mineral claim. the allowance in the Senate, the House, administration of discovery value deple­ Mr. CoUZENs. If he discovers oil he gets curiously, had no debate on the provi­ tion was a nightmare. Quite simply, it the results s1m11ar to the man who produce~ sion. However, Representative Kitchen, became nearly an impossible task to de­ some trade-marked article that happens to chairman of the Ways and Means Com­ termine the value of the discovered de­ please the people. He may or may not trade­ mittee, stated in explanation of the con­ posit. Accordingly, the Senate Finance mark an article that appeals to the public. ference report: In other words, he may go on for years ex­ Committee, again the prime mover for perimenting wtth a trade-marked article and . . . there are some reUef provisions, espe­ ·this legislation, recommended, a substi­ cially those known as the mineral, o11, and he may lose many millions of dollars: then he gas provisions, which I cannot subscribe tute system of percentage depletion. Un­ may discover an article which appeals to the to ... I cannot subscribe to them because der this scheme, the year's depletion pubUc, but he is not allowed to capitalize I regard them as pieces of special favor­ deduction would be determined as a per­ all his previous losses in computing his taxes. itism . . . I want to say that in my centage of the taxpayer's gross income In reviewing the strange history of the judgement they are unwise, unjust and from the property. As the committee re­ depletion allowance, we find a remark­ unwarranted. port outlined: able lack of any rigorous examination of In hearings on the 1921 Revenue Act, The administration of the discovery deple­ the subsidy scheme. Why was a deple­ tion of existing law in the case of on and tion allowance necessary? How many Dr. Thomas S. Adams, a representative gas wells had become very difficult because of the Treasury, expressed his opposition of the discovery valuation that had to be small operators had failed? What was to discovery value depletion. In addition, made in the case of each discovered well. the rate of business failure in the petro­ he pressed for an annual limitation-but In the interest of simplicity and certainty of leum industry and how does this rate not a total limitation-on the deduction. administration your committee recommends compare with other industries? Why was He proposed 50 percent of net income. that in the case of on and gas wells the it not sumcient to rely on the market The Finance Committee at first balked, allowance for depletion shall be 25% of the mechanism-the price of crude oil-to but finally recommended an amendment gross income from the property during the compensate producers for their risk? taxable year. The provisions of existing law which would limits a taxpayer's annual limiting this amount to an amount not in Why is petroleum exploration inherently deduction to 100 percent of net income. excess of 50% of net income of the taxpayer more risky than other business enter­ In 1924, this limitation was lowered to 50 from the property ~s maintained. prises? How much will this subsidy cost? percent of net income. This limitation What are the benefits, in dollar terms, to remains today in present law. A lengthy debate in the Senate fol­ the Government and to the consumer of In 1925, the Ways and Means Com­ lowed the committee's presentation. It the depletion scheme? If the depletion mittee again held hearings to revise the featured Senator Reed of Pennsylvania allowance is to encourage the exploration Revenue Act. During those hearings the explaining the Finance Committee pro- for new oil, how can one justify extend­ new chairman of the committee, Repre­ posal. Certain of the colloquies are ing the privilege to production in proven sentative Green, made some stark com­ revealing of the uncertainty which fields? Why not just pay for unsuccessful ments on the short history of discovery shrouded the entire concept of percen­ wildcats and thereby remOIVe any risk of value: tage depletion. Various points were raised financial loss? How much would a . . . I might as well say at this point that which remain unanswered today and scheme like this cost in comparison to 1! I had my way I would wipe out this d!ls­ which are in fact flaws in the essential percentage depletion? If the depletion al­ covery depletion entirely. I consider it might concept: lowance was to help out the small or have been justified in a time of war, and Mr. REED. Ever since early war days Con­ marginal producer, how can one justify that was the only justification given for it to gress has followed the policy of what they extending the privilege to large opera­ begin with ... for inducing men to go call discovery value for both oil and gas wells tors with a proven record of profitability? 823 January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HoGAN. No, actually either one has juris- this. Then the next step in the effort to de­ Disappointingly, we must conclude termine whether or not perjury has been that these questions were never raised diction. The Special Watergate Prosecutor committed-A-and B, to identify those wh0 and never satisfactorily answered. has a very broad mandate. certainly a per· jury prosecution growing out of the Water- may have committed the perjury, takes place gate itself would be within his purview. But in Judge Sirtca's courtroom at this point. either of them-! would say they have con· HOGAN. Yes. current jurisdictions in thls regard. CoHEN. Or the Grand Jury Room. AGRONSKY. You don't think it's a matter HoGAN. Well, any prosecution has to come COHEN, HOGAN, AND AGRONSKY in that arena rather than, say, the Supreme ON IMPEACHMENT for your committee? HoGAN. I think it's a matter for our com­ Court or the House Judiciary Committee. mittee in that we should be concerned with AGRONSKY. You had raised the prospect of who might have been responsible for the Justice Department involvement, and that's HON. TOM RAILSBACK why I thought you meant some separate pro­ OF ILLINOIS erasure and at whose Instance It might have been done. One of our efforts, as I'm sure Bill cedure. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will agree, in the coming weeks and months HoGAN. You see, the Justice Department is Thursday, January 24, 1974 will be to try to define what an impeachable the prosecutive arm of the federal govern­ offense is. History doesn't give us very much ment, and it could initiS~te In either place. Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, sur­ help, because there are no real definitive Now, I would assume that Jaworski would veys have shown, that the critical issue guidelines as to what an impeachable of­ take the initiative in any kind of perjury of impeachment is often misunderstood fense is. But, for my mind, obstruction of prosecution, because it does relate to Water­ by the American people. In a recent in­ justice certainly is an Impeachable offense. gate and his mandate is certainly broad AGRONSKY. This WOuld be obstruction of enough to cover it. terview with Martin Agronsky, two of my CoHEN. And not only perjury, Martin. I colleagues, Mr. CoHEN, of Maine, and Mr. justice? HoGAN. If we could prove, for example, that think the additional factor is the tampering HocAN, of Maryland, did much to explain the President ~sked someone to erase 18 min­ with potential evidence-the obstruction of impeachment procedures and practices. utes of tape or, in another context, asked justice. Those wlll be the secondary grounds For review of my colleagues, under the someone to grant an offer of Immunity to to look for. leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ someone in exchange for not testifying, this HoGAN. Or the conspiracy to do so. AGRONSKY. Let me ask both of you gentle­ ORD, I include the following: would be obstruction of justice and, to me, it would be an Impeachable offense. men this, because time and time again the TRANSCRIPT OF MARTIN AGRONSKY'S "EVE• question has been raised: Has anything been NING EDITION," BROADCAST FROM WETA­ CoHEN. I think the most recent disclosure certainly removes any doubt from what I produced which is regarded as an impeach­ TV, CHANNEL 26, LivE FROM WASHING­ able offense as it applies to the President? TON, D.C., JANUARY 15, 1974 consider to be a rather implausible conten­ tion in the first place, that it was acci­ Now, if the President were to be connected ANNOUNCER. ThiS is "Evening Edition." with this, would thiS be regarded as an im­ Now, from Washington, here is Martin dentally erased by Miss Woods for an 18%­ minute .>eriod of time. And I think It is also peachable offense? Agronsky. rather clear evidence-and I'm assuming HoGAN. I would say from my own-and, AGRONSKY. Good evening. If you had an that the experts' testimony will hold up­ you know, Blll and I are both in an unfor­ occasion to take a cab in Maryland during that there was a deliberate attempt to tam­ tunate situation. The committee has not the last few days, you may have had Repre­ per with potential evidence and to obstruct really gotten into developing any parameters sentative Larry Hogan as your cab driver. justice. And to what Larry just said I would in the Impeachment investigation. But ob­ And if you've been walking around Maine in only add that not only would there :Je an viously he and I both have given a tremen­ the last year, you may have run into junior impeachable nffense if the President gave dous amount of thought to it in our own way. Representative William Cohen from Maine And in my own mind I have said to myself who, this year, has walked hundreds of miles a direct order, but also if it were done with the President's consent. It doesn•t have to that, 1f the President asked someone to erase in his district, the largest Congressional dis· some critical Information from one of the trlct east of the Mississippi. Now, these be by direction or by mandate, but simply by consent that something is done. So that tapes before the court, that's obstruction ot aren't part of Congressional campaign, physi­ justice. If the President asked someone to cal fitness or salary Increases, but they're a will have to be determined also. I think make an offer of Immunity or lighter sen­ unique effort on the part of both these Con­ the next step will be taken by the judge. tence or pardon to someone in exchange for gressmen to stay in touch with the American Sirica will either turn the matter over to not testifying, or caused money to be given voter and to get reelected. Political experts the grand jury for further consideration in exchange for not testifying, those are ob­ predict a bad year for Republicans. But does about an indictment. And again, pursuing structions of justice and, to my mind, are the public agree? so tonight, on "Evening the question of whether perjury . . . impeachable offenses. Edition," a discussion of the 1974 Congres­ AGRONSKY. [interrupting). Indictment of COHEN. I'll agree with that. And I think sional elections and the mood of the country time. I think certainly ... Larry touched upon it earlier: Conspiracy in regard to the Republican party with two COHEN. I appreclo..te that. But perjury is also has been alleged as an impeachable of­ Republican Congressmen: Congressman wn­ an indictable offense. fense, one of the counts before the Judiciary Uam Cohen of Maine, who is the walker, and AoRONSKY. Who would be involved in a Committee. Conspiracy would simply be an Congressman Larry Hogan of Maryland, a question of perjury at this point? agreement between two or more parties to cabbie. Both Mr. Hogan and Mr. Cohen are CoHEN. Well, you !lave all those who have perpetrate an unlawful act, and even though members of the House Judiciary Committee been called to testify concerning the con­ just one of the parties actually carries that where, as you know, the historical impeach­ tinuity of the tapes to begin with: where act out, the other can be held responsible. So ment proceedings, or the effort to determine they were, who had them for what period of I think you can tie it to a criminal lnvolve­ whether to go ahead with impeachment ot time. I think cetrainly . • . :clent, if the evidence is there. the President, have already begun. AGRONSKY [interrupting). Would you like AoaoNsKY. Now, gentlemen, you're both Now, gentlemen, just this afternoon, as to identify those people? members of the House Judiciary and you're you know, we had a. pretty dramatic busi· CoHEN. Well, I don't think I can offhand. both Republicans, and I'd like to take this ness in this whole impeachment thing that's I think Miss Woods will be called back to the opportunity to pick your brains on one thing going to come into your purview soon and stand to offer further testimony, and I'm It's extraordinary-as often as we've at~ that is the testimony by technical experts sure that all the other participants--any­ tempted, on this program, actually, to define before Judge Slrtca that an 18-minute gap one who had possession of that particular what the meaning of impeachment is, there in the subpoena.ed White House tape-that's tape. Now, I don't recall whether this par­ still seems to be a lot of confusion in the the Haldeman conversation, I believe-was ticular tape was in the possession of Mr. country about what is an impeachment? I caused, according to the experts, by erasure Haldeman or not, but certainly ... wonder if I could get either one of you to de­ and by re-recording. They say no speech AGRONSXY [interrupting). You mean the fine impeachment and make the distinction on that tape can be recovered. What do you tape he took home, whether it was one of that I think Is so little understood between make of this finding after Rose Mary Woods' them. We don't know that. impeachment as an indictment rather than testimony on all this? Do you want to begin? CoHEN. Anyone who had possession of as a finding of guilt. HoGAN. Well, I think it's a very serious those tapes would certainly have an expla­ HOGAN. Well, it isn't precisely an indict­ development. It's one in a series of un­ nation to give, and ... ment, Martin, but it is analogous. The anal­ explainable things that have been happen­ HoGAN. Excuse me, 1f I may interrupt ogy is inexact, but you're right. I think the ing in the entire case. I would say at this there. It may be tha.t perjury has not yet general public-and Bill probably learned point, it's the responsibllity, In the judicial been established, but at least, as Bill ob­ tha.t during the recess, as I did, that when system, of the Department of Justice to see serves, If the judge calls everyone who was in people talk about Impeachment, they think , where perjury might have been committed a position or had access to the tapes and elic­ that's going to remove the President from and to prosecute those responsible for 1t. its testimony from them as to this matter omce. It is not. The Constitution creates the AGRONSKY. Now, I want to understand and they're under oath, at least you can set mechanism for possible removal. The House what you're saying. Are you saying that at up the possibllity of perjury. I'm not pre­ is given responsibllity for Impeachment. I:t this point it becomes a matter for the De­ pared to say that Rose Mary Woods is re­ the House votes by a majority for impeach­ partment of Justice-that is, the Attorney sponsible for the erasures. She may or may ment, the matter then goes to the senate General-rather than the Special Prosecu­ not be. where a trial takes place, presided over by the tor, Mr. Jaworski, to pursue? AGRONSKY. I'm just trying to understand Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and, 1n 824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 1974 order for conviction of the offenses charged historical efficacy except for the insights they that I think it would be better-politically, in the. . . . give us into the minds of the founding at least--to have a joint subpoena. power. AGRONSKY [interrupting): The Vice Presi­ fathers ... Politically from the symbolic point of view. dent stands aside. AGRONSKY. Interpretative •.. In other words, it will look a.s if it is a bi­ HOGAN. That's right, and the Chief Justice HoGAN. Right. But in the same context of partisan approach. But I don't think, know­ of the Supreme Court presides. But in order Madison's statement about the . . . the only ing the Chairman, that he wUl abuse that to reach a finding of conviction on the im­ impeachment of a President we ever had was power or use it in any partisan way. peachment charges, a. two-thirds vote of the because he fired the Secretary of War ..• AGRONSKY. I'm tempted to go right down Senate 1s required. AGRONSKY. You mean Johnson. this line because it interests me so much, AGRONSKY. I think that's clear enough, HOGAN. Yes. Johnson wa.s impeached by the but I think it would be very unfortunate to and I hope all the people who are writing House because he fired his Secretary of War miss the opportunity to hear from both of and phoning to say please explain it will have when he succeeded Abraham Lincoln as your experiences in other areas. You've been heard that. President upon Lincoln's assassination. And driving a cab here in Washington ... CoHEN. You know, the problem we have Congress had enacted a. law freezing the Sec­ HoGAN. In Maryland-let's make that to face, Martin, is the definition of an im­ retary of War into his job, which Johnson clear! peachable offense, and there is considerable said was unconstitutional. And, as J.t turns AGRONSKY. What have you found out? debate, not only on the Judiciary Committee out, the Supreme Court did declare the law HoGAN. Well, it's not a very scientifl.c anal­ itself but also within the academic com­ unconstitutional . ysis of public opinion polling. Obviously, I munity. You know, there are those who would CoHEN. And I think there's some sign1fl.­ didn't turn around and say, "I'm taking siX have a strict construction on the Constitu­ cance to draw from them. Although they're questions now." What I did Is, I held con­ tion-namely "high crimes and misdemean­ not relevant in that sense, they are very sig­ versations with my constituents in an anony­ ors" taken in that context means a criminal nificant in the historical background they mous way, just to see the kinds of things offense. Others maintain it can be something give us, as are the Constitutional debates that were bugging them. And the conclusion less, an act or a series of acts which bring when you had the proposal to use the word I made is that not much is. Not much is disgrace or infamy upon an office. There are "maladministration" instead of "high crimes bugging them at all. those all the way to the other extreme who and misdemeanors." Now, that was defeated, AGRONSKY. Impeachment doesn't bug say it's anything that Congress votes at a and they left the word out. I think Raoul them, gas prices don't bug them, the econ­ given time. Burger makes this point in going back his­ omy doesn't bug them . . . AGRONSKY. And there are those who say torically to try and define or gain some sort HoGAN. This is an interesting thing. Every­ something else: That the President is in ef­ of sense of the parameters of impea.chmenrt one seems to be pretty happy and relaxed. fect responsible for his subordinates. proceedings. We have to look back to English The thing they talk about most 1s their own CoHEN. Well, assuming again that you practice, which did not relate lt to an in­ personal problems or why they happen to don't apply the criminal definition. dictable offense. be taking a cab: The car broke down, they're AGaONSKY. It's fascinating that your new AGRONSKY. I've been enticed into this be­ late for work or some other factor. But then, counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, cause it's such an opportunity to get a read­ in my conversations, I would try to elicit Mr. Jenner, in a television interview in Chi­ ing from you gentlemen. You're both on from them things in discussions that I cago a few days ago, made some . . . House Judiciary, and you're beginning the wanted to know something about. They are HOGAN [interrupting): Counsel for the mi­ study now. I only want to make one other very concerned about the oil crisis. That, nority. He's the minority counsel. point and then I want to go to your own per­ overwhelmingly, is the thing they do com­ AGRONSKY. Yes. The Republican Counsel sonal experiences. Jenner-again, the Re­ plain about when you get them on those for the committee, as opposed to Doar who publican counsel-also said he felt that any kinds of Issues. In my sampling in shopping is the counsel for the whole committee. subpoena. voted·by the House would be hon­ centers and in the taxicab-only one person Jenner said this: CertaJ.nly within some areas ored by the Executive Department. Now obvi­ brought up impeachment in the shopping the President should be responsible for the ously, somewhere along the line, your com~ centers, and no one brought it up in the actions of aides even if he didn't know what mittee is going to be asking for Presidential taxicab until I brought it up. an aide was doing something that would be papers. Would you agree with Jenner's in­ AGRONSKY, What do you make Of that? regarded as an impeachable offense 1f the terpretation? CoHEN. The first thing we have to do when HOGAN. Well, I think it's not the thing President himself did it. that's on the top of their minds. I went be­ HoGAN. Blll, I'm sure, has been going we go back into session is get the authority from the full House. Presently the Judiciary yond that and talked to some of the other through the same agonizing that I have. All cab drivers, and they said that people were of us are trying to conscientiously prepare Committee does not have the subpoena pow­ er. We're requesting that. talking about impeachment when Cox was ourselves for our responsibilities on the com­ fired. So the conclusion I make is that they mittee, and I've been reading up on past AGaoNsKY. Will you get it, in your opinion? CoHEN. Yes, I assume that we would. talk about the thing that is uppermost that impeachments, and I know Btll has, and day. On last Saturday they talked about the they were as confused in history, every time AGRONSKY, Do you think SO? HoGAN. Yes. There is no question in my Super Bowl. On Monday they talked about they had an impeachment, as we are now. the Super Bowl because they'd all watched it tt•s never been resolved historically. The only mind that the Executive Branch is absolutely required to honor subpoenas from the House the day before. thing the Constitution says is that impeach­ AGRONSKY. Then your poll dldn 't bring you ment 1s for "bribery, treason or high crimes of Representatives. No question at all. AGRONSKY. Suppose they do not? to any conclusions? and misdemeanors." And that's where all HOGAN. It wasn't really a poll, Martin, and the confusion comes ln. Our founding fathers HoGAN. Suppose they do not? Well, that in itself would be, to me, an impeachable of­ I knew it wouldn't be. It didn't have any would have done us a great service 1f they scientifl.c or statistical efficacy at all. But it had exnlatned precisely what they meant by fense. AGaoNSKY. You would regard that as con­ wa.s just a way for me to have very inter­ those two words. esting conversations with my people in an CoHEN. But I think we should make a tempt of Congress? HOGAN. Well, I don't know whether I'd anonymous way that I otherwise wouldn't point that impeachment proceedings are not have ha-d. a substitute for judicial oroceedings and call it precisely that, but it would certainly be an unconscionable flouting of the Con­ AGRONSKY. What was your most interest­ therefore we should not impose criminal ing conversation? standards, and that's what Jenner is advocat­ stitution and a violation of the oath of office. HOGAN. It would be a long, involved one-­ ing at this point, that it mav be something there were so many, but perhaps if I could less than a criminal offense being an act or AGRONSKY. Gentlemen, we're heading for some interesting times, aren't we? It's been pick one that was most interesting: I had a a series of acts for which he might be re­ young girl who was a practical nurse work­ sponsible, even though he did not have an interesting time. HoGAN. On that subpoena. thtng-I don't ing in a. nursing home for the elderly in the knowledge of them. senile ward, and then she also talked about AaaoNsKY. I'm sure you're both aware of know how Bill feels about this--it troubles me that the Chairman of the committee her work with retarded children. This was some interesting observations made by James by far the most interesting, because I saw Madison in the FederaUst Papers that 1s himself is seeking personal subpoena. powers, as he did from the committee. By a. straight a. girl with fantastic motivation doing a. completely pertinent to this point that we real service. That's not germane to the issues were just talking about and that Jenner party-line vote we gave him all the power we had on the committee. But it's insufficient of the day, but it was very interesting. makes. Madison wrote: ''I think it absolutely .ARGONSKY. What did you find in Maine? necessary that the President have the power now, we find out, so he wants it from the House. I think the committee should have CoHEN. I had quite a. different experience tor removing from oftlce." And then he satd, than Larry had, perhaps because of the dif­ ''It wU1 make him, in a peculta.r manner, re­ the subpoena. power. There won't be tha.t many of them used, but all of us share the ferent climate, for one thing. Maine ex­ sponsible for their conduct and subject him responsibility. It's not a one-man responsi­ perienced a rather cold week this past week, to impeachment himself 1f he suffers them to b111ty. when the temperatures dropped down below perpetrate with Immunity high crimes or COHEN. If I could add just one note. Larry zero several days running, and they were misdemeanors against the United States or and I differ a little bit on that particular worried about heat. They were worried about neglect to superintend their conduct so a.s to point, because I think the subpoena. power their jobs. Two of the major paper com­ check their excesses. wUl have to be granted first to the House panies in my state were in danger of losing HOGAN. That's an interesting point. Of Judiciary Committee, who wm then take an­ oil from Canada, which would put nearly course, the Federalist Papers have no real other vote to give it to the Chairman. I agree 4600 people out of work and shut down the January 24, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 825 various newspaper outfits throughout the HoGAN. I think that's a very good answer MAJOR OIL COMPANIES CONTRIBU­ state of Maine. There were serious questions that Blll just gave. TIONS TO REELECTION CAMPAIGN about employment, about heat. People are AGRONSKY. It's a diplomatic answer. OF PRESIDENT NIXON making tremendous sacrifices in the state. HoGAN. No, I'm sure he knows what he's I find it incredible that, belng as cold as it is, talking about. In the two times that Presi­ that in the past few weeks they've been drop­ dent NiXon and I were both on the ballot, I ping their thermostats down to 60 during led him. Now, I'm not saying he rode in on HON. LES ASPIN the day, 65 in the evenings, and vice versa, my coattails, of course, in my district, but OP WISCONSIN making tremendous personal sacrifices. But I did lead him in votes. I am not one who I would also tell you that they are tremen­ shares this feeling that Republicans are all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dously cynical about the energy crisis, and going to go down the tube because of Water­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 a great majority of them ... gate or impeachment or anything else. Every AGRONSKY (interrupting). They don't be­ Republican is going to be judged on his own Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, an astm.md­ lieve it. individual merits. If the man, who is Re­ ing allegation has been leveled at the CoHEN. Well, they believe that it's here, in publican or Democrat, is representing the Aramco oil consortium by Senator HENRY the sense that they are not getting as much wishes of his constituents and working hard JACKSON. If it is true, and we have no oil, but they also believe it's artificially cre­ at his job, he's going to be reelected. The evidence to the contrary, it means that ated by the oil companies. electorate today is intelligent enough not to Standard Oil of California, Texaco, Mo­ HOGAN. If I could interrupt just for a hold Watergate against people who had bil, and Exxon shut o:ff the supply of oil brief comment. When it did come up, this nothing to do with it. was exactly the same reaction. They are AGRONSKY. All right, Mr. Congressman, to the military forces of their own coun­ very skeptical and cynical about the oil level with me. In your efforts to get reelected, try during the mideast war alert last crisis. are you trying to avoid any mention of the October. COHEN. The other point I wanted to make President? Are you trying to stay away from Whatever the circumstances were sur­ was, again, different from Larry's experience that issue? rounding this move, it is vital that all of and that is, although the impeachment is­ HoGAN. Being on the Judiciary Committee, us here in the Congress make a search­ sue as such is a secondary or subsidiary issue, Martin, it's impossible to avoid the discussion ing examination of every aspect of the it's just below the surface and not too far of it. I've said that I think the President is below the surface, and it keeps bubbling up entitled to the same presumption of inno­ international oil cartel's operations. For quite frequently. People are concerned about cence as any other citizen and he should have the benefit of my colleagues and others it. They're quite anxious to talk about it. due process in impeachment proceedings. I interested in the problem I am inserting And I found ... also say that impeachment proceedings in today's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a listing AaaoNSKY [interrupting]: They want it to should go through promptly, as Blll said, of the offi.cers and directors of the major happen? but I'm not avoiding talking about the issue. oil companies, including the members of CoHEN. Well, I found almost an even split. AGRONSKY. Ok. Fair enough. Now, you in­ the Arabian-American Oil Co. and a There are people, of course, who are polar­ dicated that in your taxi you didn't get peo­ breakdown of their contributions to the ized. There are people who want him im­ ple talking about impeachment, and you say peached under any circumstances, and those it's beneath the surface. Now, you all know reelection campaign of President Nixon. who would are opposed to impeachment un­ Clarence Brown of Ohio, a Republican Con­ STANDARD OF OHIO der any circumstances. The great bulk of gressman. He made this observation. He said, Harnett, J. D., VP------$500 people are anxious for things to get on, to "A large body of the people in my district Shepard, Harold A., Director______550 wrap them up as expeditiously but as thor­ are relatively silent, and this is a district Atkinson.~phG------­ 500 oughly as possible, and they seem to be where one would anticipate a more defensive Hanna, Howard M------1,000 evenly divided. reaction for the President than brooding sil­ 500 AaaoNSKY. What about resignation? Did ence," and he said this is not good news for 500 they raise that? Mr. Nixon. What do you think of that evalu­ Spahr, Charles E. (Dir & Chrm) ---­ 1,300 CoHEN. Yes, they raised that. , ation? Foster, Clyde T------2,000 AGRONSKY. Do they think that would be COHEN. Once again, I think it's a fairly ac­ ---­ an easy way out? curate portrayal of what Is taking place in Total------6,850 CoHEN. Well, I think they do not want to this country. Republicans are concerned see a long, drawn-out impeachment proceed­ about the revelations. They're not hanging in ASHLAND ing, but those who are calling for resigna­ despair, however. They're prepared to face Atkins, Orin E. (Chrm. of Bd.) ------$1,000 100,000 tion also are calling for impeachment at the the consequences and meet up to it. But I Cash ------same time. I think the important point here think they're not overjoyed with the perform­ Gordon, Robert D. (Exec. VP) ----- 1,000 is that they're concerned about what the im­ ance of this administration on the domestic Seaton, William R. (V.Chrm.) -----­ 500 pact would be domestically, on the interna­ level with the activities, the criminal ac­ Webb, Clyde M. (VP) ------1,000 tional level, and they don't want to see it. tivities that have taken place. They're not Others say we have to go ahead. proud of those. And so they're not talking Total------103,500 AGRONSKY. The Wall Street Journal did a about that. very interesting survey of 100 Republican AGRONSKY. A very interesting comment was ARCO Congressmen in 45 states. They've come up made by Republican Congressman W1111am Anderson, Robert 0. (Chrm. of with a lot of interesting answers, and I'd like Hudnut of Indiana. He said if he remains in Bd.) ------5,000 to test those answers against you. In Massa­ omce--the President--he can regain confi­ 2,500 chusetts, Silvio Conte said that Republicans dence to a certain extent, but his capacity 3,500 are desperate to put as much distance as to lead has been impaired. And he says there's 1,000 possible between the President and them­ 3,147 selves to get reelected. His point was, if Re­ the "snicker factor." People he's trying to persuade laugh at him. They say, "Who are 3,124 publicans hang in there and defend him­ 3,147 meaning Mr. NiXon-they're gone. With the you to talk about saving energy or election reform?" What about that comment? Dolley, Chester F. (Pres.)------­ 500 energy crisis and economic problems, you've 1,000 got all you can do to survive without that HOGAN. Well, I think that the public opin­ Eckls, Ro111n (Chrm. of Bd.) -----­ ion shifts. Now, we all concede that a year Grazier, Joseph A. (Dir.) ------­ 600 albatross. How does that refiect what you 1,000 find? Do you agree with that or disagree? ago there couldn't have been a stronger Pres­ Gross, C. S. (Dir.) ------COHEN. I think it's a fairly accurate state­ ident. A year from now, who knows what Jones, R. W ------3,000 ment on the part of SUvio. I think what he's the situation is going to be? But some things Kendall, D. M. (Dir.) ------10,000 saying is that Republicans are not going to have happened that are indefensible. No Re­ 6,000 9,000 go to the wall to defend the President if in publican in his right mind 1s going to defend 3,000 fact, the President is involved. now what ~ . ppears to be an intentional eras­ AGRONSKY. He goes beyond that. He says ure of tape, which we started the show 2,000 it's an albatross. Do you want to get away talking about. There's no way you can de­ Ingersoll, Robert S. (Dir.) (CC) ---­ 3,000 from him as far as you can? Do you want fend that. We're as interested in seeing the Ellmore, C. Patterson (Dir.) ------2,000 to put as much distance as you can between guilty prosecuted and brought to justice as yourself and Mr. Nixon? crrao I crriES sERVICE CoHEN. As far as impeachment is con­ anyone else, and we've got to let the chips fall where they may. If it results in impeach­ Gates, T. S. (Dir.) ------­ 1,000 cerned? 1,000 AGRONSKY. As far as your reelection is con­ ment, so be it. But I don't think it's going McGillicuddy, John F. (Dlr.) ------cerned? to be the end of the Republican party. They Michel, Cl11ford W. (Dir.) ------­ 2,000 COHEN. Well, let me put it this way, Mar­ predicted the same thing in 1964 when Barry Sellers, Robert V. (Chrm. of Bd.•) -­ 1,500 tin. I didn't run on the President's coattaUs Goldwater lost 1n a landslide. We came back Wa.1de11ch, Chaler J. (VP.) ------1,000 to get elected, and I don't intend to run on very strongly. the administration's record, certainly, to get AaaoNSKY. So be it. Thank you, gentlemen, Total ------6,500 reelecteq.. and good night from "Evening Edition." 826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 24, 19'74

EXXON (STANDARD OF NEW .JERSEY) Peterson, R.A. (Dir.) {cc) ------1, 000 (From the New York Times, Jan. 22, 1974] Galloway, J. H. (VP.) ------1, 000 Savage, R .T. (VP, Chemicals)------600 U.S. BASE Garvin, c. c., Jr. (Pres.)------1, 000 Vice, Leslie T------500 The Defense Department, as a counter 2,200 Wasson. E.H. (Dir.) ------600 to a potential expansion o! Soviet naval Herrington, Carl G. (VP.) ------1, 700 Willoughby, R.E. (Treasurer)------500 power due to the anticipated reopening of Loftis, John L------1, 000 DL. Bower (VP Mkt.) ------1, 000 the Suez Canal, is considering est&blishment MacNaughton, Donald S. (Dir.) --- 1, 500 James E. <>'Brien (VP Legal)------1, 000 o! a naval base on the British-held island of 525 G.M. Keller, (VP & Dir.) ------1, 000 Diego Garcia in the Indian <>cean. 1,000 N. T. Bogart (VP Ind. Res.)------500 Defense oftlclals said yesterday that prelim­ McGrew, V. V. (Jr.) (Dlv. Man.)-- 800 Packard, David (Dir.) ------87, 000 inary discussions had already been held Meyer, Randall (VP.) ------2, 600 SUN OIL wtth the British about expanding a small Milbrath, R. H. (Sen. VP.) ------2, 200 Dunlop, Robert G. (Chrm. o! Bd.) _ 6,600 naval station on the island so it could sup­ Piercy, George T. (Sen. VP.) ------1, 000 Mayes, Fred M. (VP) ------­ 500 port naval operations in the Indian Ocean. Spangler, W. S. (Pres.)------750 Pew, Walter c. (Dlr.) and Family __ 3,000 Steen, R. L------2,000 3,600 [From the Washington Star-News, Rockefeller FamilY------268,700 Thomas Pappas ______101, 672 3,000 Jan.17, 1974} 6,000 J. K. Jamieson (Dir.) ------2, 500 3,000 KISSINGER PLANs TRIP TO PANAMA Bert S. Cross (Dir.) ------1, 500 51,650 (By Jeremiah ()'Leary) M. M. BriscO------2, 800 , 3,000 Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger is 3,000 planning a short visit to Panama early next Total ------127,747 1,500 month to show U.S. interest in diplomatic 3,775 HESS (AMERADA) efforts to settle the Canal Zone question once 2,429 and for all, according to ln!ormed sources. Callender, J. D. (Exec. VP & Treas.) 1,500 Now on a peacemaking m.lss1on to the Mid­ (CO) ------12,000 2,000 dle East, Kissinger already is booked to meet Cohen, Norman G. (VP) ------956 1,194 With the Latin American foreign ministers Hess, Leon (Chrm. Exec. Comm.) --- 160, 000 oc ------27,000 in Mexico City Feb. 20 through 22. The trip Kramer, Ph1Up (Pres.) (CC) ------12, 000 3,000 to Panama comes as a surprise because it is Simmons, J. J. Ill (VP) ------1, 000 00 ------30,000 00 ------described by ln!ormed sources as a one­ H. W. McCullum (Dlr.) (CO)------42, 000 Donald P. Jones (Dlr.) ------1,250 country journey and because Klsslnger is Ralph Adler (Dlr) : R. Edwin Ross (Dir.) ------­ 500 known to be planning a more extensive swing GA<> ------6,000 Darwin W. Ferguson (VP) ------500 through Latin America in the spring. co ------39,000 The declslon to go to Panama, according to insiders, emphasizes the new U.S. concern Total ------261,956 with reaching early agreement with the Pan­ UNIFICATION OF MILITARY AND amanians on the future of the canal, the TBANSCON GAS PIPELINE FOREIGN AFFAIRS U.S.-controlled zone and the military bases Vf.nitney Stone------21,000 agreement. There is also interest in possible future expansion o! the canal !aclllties by MOBn. add.Ltion of a third set o! locks or excavation Warner, Rawleigh C. J. (API), HON. JOHN R. RARICK ot a sea-level waterway. Chairman of the Board______1, 000 OF LOUISIANA It is believed that Kissinger will meet in Abbott, Rich L., Gen. Mang______1, 100 IN THE H<>USE OF REPRESENTATIVES Panama City with Demetrois Lakas, the Lapham, Lewis A., D1r. & Vice Chair- figurehead president, Foreign Minister Juan man o! Bo~------1,000 Thursday, January 24, 1974 Tack and Brig. Gen. <>mar Torrijos, com­ mander o! the paramilitary Guardia Na­ Albert L. Williams (Dir), Bronxville, Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, news that N.Y. ------1, 000 cional and Panama's strongman. William Tavoularcas (Dir. & Pres.)-- $200 the Nixon-Kissinger-Bunker team plan Reports !rom Washington and Pana.ma in· to use their "personal diplomacy" to give dicate Tack and Ellsworth Bunker, the rov­ Total ------4,300 away U.S. sovereignty over the Panama ing U.S. ambassador who is in charge ot Canal Zone is now seemingly counter­ canal treaty negotiations, now have agreed PHILLIPS acted by an announcement that the De­ on a set of eight principles !or accelerating Houchin, John M., Deputy Oha.irman fense Department is considering estab­ the talks. of the Board------2,000 lishment of a naval base in the British­ Kissinger's personal presence in Panama 500 will tend to reinforce the idea that Panama held island of Diego Garcia in the Indian and the United States have haggled long Keeler, W.W., Chairman o! the B~ 1, 000 Ocean. Justification for the new U.S. Cash------100,000 enough over the canal issues. Negotiations 600 naval base is said to be a counter to a have been going on since 1967. Minter, Lloyd G., VP, General Coun- potential expansion of Soviet naval pow­ The United States has long recognized that sel, Director ______2,000 er, due to the anticipated reopening of Panama should and wlll recover control of John M. Houchin, Dir. (Dep. Ohm of the Suez Canal. the 10-mlle-wide Canal Zone and eventua111 will be given control of the canalitsel!. Bd) ------2,000 The release does not make it clear Willlam C. Douce, VP & Dir------2,000 whether the military action has been ap­ W1111am Piel, Dlr------2,000 W~.Mar~.Pres proved by Kissinger or cleared with ______2,000 Dr. Soviet detente. FISHERY ZONES BASELINES W.O. Hewitt, VP------2,000 Vis-a-vis, we place our naval opera­ SHELL tions in the Indian Ocean to watch the HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO _.ges, H. (NPC) President______2,000 Soviets in their puppet control over the OF NEW YORK Suez Canal, while we, with full knowl­ .Ninn, WilHam P. (Dir) ------­ 1,600 IN THE HOUSE <>F REPRESENTATIVES Brettevllle, Charles D------­ 1,000 edge of the consequences, would give the Shell Advertisement, National Con- Russians puppet control over the activi­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 vention ------20,000 ties of the Panama Canal through their Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. friends in Panama. Speaker, when the yeas and nays were Total ------24,500 As is usual in our diplomatic and mili­ called on Tuesday for passage of H.R. tary negotiations, there is no mistake, STANDARD on. OF CALIFORNIA 11809, setting straight baselines for our the American people lose. Few Americans contiguous fisheries zone, I was meeting Allen, WUllam M. (Dir.) ------­ 2,000 are reminded by the news media that Ballou, G.T. {VP) ------..! 500 with some of the hundreds of my constit­ Bell, Howard W. (VP, Finance)---- 1,000 with Dr. K!.ssinger serving as the head of uents who had come in connection with two titular posts-that is, Chairman of Boucke, F .C. (VP) ------­ 500 the pro-life demonstration. I was, there­ Gosline, J.E. (Dir.) ------­ 1,000 the National Security Council and Sec­ fore, unable to reach the Chamber during Grey, J.R. {VP) ------­ 1, 000 retary of the State Department-he is the 15-minute period allotted for the H-aynes, H.J. (VP) ------­ 1,000 now in a position of controlling the poli­ vote. Had I been able to vote, I would Kitto, C.W. (VP, Manu.)------500 cies, decisions, and goals of both the mili­ have voted "yea" with the understanding 600 McCammon, W.O. (VP) ------­ tary and the State Department. Nothing that the Committee on Merchant Marine McCone, John A. (Dir.) ------2,000 10,000 out of Washington these days just hap­ and Fisheries plans to hold ea~ly hear­ Miller, Otto N. Chairman of Bd.) pens-it is planned that way. ings on my cosponsored •bill to extend the (cc) ------50,000 Related newsclippings follow: limit to 200 miles. January 28, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 827 E. PAUL MAGAHA erick, Md., relinquished office after serv­ hall. I feel sure his energy and devotion ing two nonconsecutive terms as mayor of to his community will lead to further HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON Frederick. I want to commend Paul Ma­ contributions to Frederick and the sur­ OF' MARYLAND gaha for a job well done over a period rounding area. His efforts as mayor of of 8 years. PaUl was a true public servant Frederick have resulted in a better com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who sought to serve the interests of his munity, and I know that he will con­ Thursday, January 24, 1974 constituents and to represent them well. tinue to give unstintingly of his time and Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ I would also like to wish Paul Magaha experience for the benefit of his -ary 10, Mayor E. Paul Magaha, of Fred- well in hiS endeavors away from city neighbors.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, January 28, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. losing members rapidly in recent years During my drive through South Caro­ The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, and it now seeks to have the Federal lina, Georgia, and Florida, I made a total D.D., offered the following prayer: Government-through action of the of 47 stops at gasoline stations. Forty­ 36 Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, Congress-mandate that these banks­ six of the stations had gasoline, and whose mind is stayed on Thee.-Isaiah virtually every bank in the Nation­ of them had no limit on how much gaso­ remain hitched to the Federal Reserve. line could be purchased. Ten of them had :26: 3. some limit, but still had plenty of gas. Eternal Father, lift us above the din Mr. Speaker, this new power is not :and dust of the past with all its failures needed by the Federal Reserve to control Two stations remain open 24 hours a day, and frustrations that we may gird our­ monetary policy and it amounts to little 7 days a week. Two stations offered a more than that uncontrollable bureau­ free car wash provided you filled up selves adequately for the work of this day your tank. -and the tasks of this week. To us our cratic urge to control more and more Nation looks for genuine leadership to from the marble palace in Washington. While people in the New Jersey-New guide her safely and sanely through these The monetary bureaucrats know no York area are unable to get to work, trying times. May the stature of our souls, limits to their boardinghouse reaches. while police stations and municipal offi­ heightened by hope, strengthened in FRS REFUSES TO BE AUDITED BY GOVERNMENT cials are calling me and saying that they -spirit and fruitful with fidelity rise to This grab for power is even more gall­ cannot get gasoline to meet their munic­ meet the crying needs of these crucial ing when it is realized that this is the ipal obligations, people in other parts of days. Keep our steps steady, our faith same agency which thumbs its nose at the country can get all they want. strong, our decisions wise and let us not Congress and the people and insists on The situation is appalling and impossi­ waiver when the test comes to be true­ keeping all of its activities secret and ble; it cries out for an explanation. I plan · hearted and wholehearted in our devo­ unchecked by the General Accounting to pursue this matter and to get to the tion to the highest good of these United Office. Here is an agency which lobbies bottom of this obvious contradiction. States of America. desperately-and improperly--egainst So may we walk steadily in the steps independent audits by the GAO while at BINGHAM PROPOSES CONSTITU­ of Him who kept His mind stayed on the same time asking the Congress for TIONAL AMENDMENT TO A.J..LOW Thee. Amen. more and more power. FOREIGN BORN U.S. CITIZENS TO If the Federal Reserve really thinks it RUN FOR PRESIDENT can make a case for more power-as sug­ THE JOURNAL gested by Dr. Arthur Burns-then I sug­ approval thereof. cannot believe that the Congress will Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I have Without objection, the Journal stands give an agency vast new powers when it today introduced a resolution which :approved. refuses to let an auditor through the would provide for a constitutional There was no objection. front door. amendment that would delete the pres­ ent requirement of article n, section 1 of the Constitution, that the President of MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT SHORTAGE OF GASOLINE IN NEW the United States must be a natural born JERSEY AND NEW YORK A message in writing from the Presi­ American citizen. dent of the United States was communi­