GW190521: a Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M⊙ R
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October 2020 Deirdre Shoemaker, Ph.D. Center for Gravitational Physics Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Google Scholar
October 2020 Deirdre Shoemaker, Ph.D. Center for Gravitational Physics Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Google scholar: http://bit.ly/1FIoCFf I. Earned Degrees B.S. Astronomy & Astrophysics 1990-1994 Pennsylvania State University with Honors and Physics Ph.D. Physics 1995-1999 University of Texas at Austin (advisor: R. Matzner) II. Employment History 1999-2002 Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, Penn State (advisor: S. Finn and J. Pullin) 2002-2004 Research Associate, Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell (advisor: S. Teukolsky) 2004-2008 Assistant Professor, Physics, Penn State 2008-2011 Assistant Professor, Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology 2009-2011 Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology 2011-2016 Associate Professor, Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology 2011-2016 Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology 2013-2020 Director, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics 2016-2020 Professor, Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology 2016-2020 Adjunct Professor, School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology 2017-2020 Associate Director of Research and Strategic Initiatives, Institute of Data, Engineering and Science, Georgia Institute of Technology 2020-Present Professor, Physics, University of Texas at Austin 2020-Present Director, Center for Gravitational Physics, University of Texas at Austin III. Honors -
Arxiv:2012.00011V2 [Astro-Ph.HE] 20 Dec 2020 Mergers in Gas-Rich Environments (Mckernan Et Al
Draft version December 22, 2020 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 12/16/11 MASS-GAP MERGERS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Hiromichi Tagawa1, Bence Kocsis2, Zoltan´ Haiman3, Imre Bartos4, Kazuyuki Omukai1, Johan Samsing5 1Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan 2 Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK 3Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 W. 120th St., New York, NY, 10027, USA 4Department of Physics, University of Florida, PO Box 118440, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 5Niels Bohr International Academy, The Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Draft version December 22, 2020 ABSTRACT The recently discovered gravitational wave sources GW190521 and GW190814 have shown evidence of BH mergers with masses and spins outside of the range expected from isolated stellar evolution. These merging objects could have undergone previous mergers. Such hierarchical mergers are predicted to be frequent in active galactic nuclei (AGN) disks, where binaries form and evolve efficiently by dynamical interactions and gaseous dissipation. Here we compare the properties of these observed events to the theoretical models of mergers in AGN disks, which are obtained by performing one-dimensional N- body simulations combined with semi-analytical prescriptions. The high BH masses in GW190521 are consistent with mergers of high-generation (high-g) BHs where the initial progenitor stars had high metallicity, 2g BHs if the original progenitors were metal-poor, or 1g BHs that had gained mass via super-Eddington accretion. Other measured properties related to spin parameters in GW190521 are also consistent with mergers in AGN disks. -
Physical Review Journals Catalog 2021
2021 PHYSICAL REVIEW JOURNALS CATALOG PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Physical Review Journals 2021 1 © 2020 American Physical Society 2 Physical Review Journals 2021 Table of Contents Founded in 1899, the American Physical Society (APS) strives to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics. In support of this objective, APS publishes primary research and review journals, five of which are open access. Physical Review Letters..............................................................................................................2 Physical Review X .......................................................................................................................3 PRX Quantum .............................................................................................................................4 Reviews of Modern Physics ......................................................................................................5 Physical Review A .......................................................................................................................6 Physical Review B ......................................................................................................................7 Physical Review C.......................................................................................................................8 Physical Review D ......................................................................................................................9 Physical Review E ................................................................................................................... -
Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia
information Article Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia Włodzimierz Lewoniewski * , Krzysztof W˛ecel and Witold Abramowicz Department of Information Systems, Pozna´nUniversity of Economics and Business, 61-875 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (W.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 7 May 2020; Published: 13 May 2020 Abstract: One of the most important factors impacting quality of content in Wikipedia is presence of reliable sources. By following references, readers can verify facts or find more details about described topic. A Wikipedia article can be edited independently in any of over 300 languages, even by anonymous users, therefore information about the same topic may be inconsistent. This also applies to use of references in different language versions of a particular article, so the same statement can have different sources. In this paper we analyzed over 40 million articles from the 55 most developed language versions of Wikipedia to extract information about over 200 million references and find the most popular and reliable sources. We presented 10 models for the assessment of the popularity and reliability of the sources based on analysis of meta information about the references in Wikipedia articles, page views and authors of the articles. Using DBpedia and Wikidata we automatically identified the alignment of the sources to a specific domain. Additionally, we analyzed the changes of popularity and reliability in time and identified growth leaders in each of the considered months. The results can be used for quality improvements of the content in different languages versions of Wikipedia. -
Arxiv:1812.04350V2 [Gr-Qc] 16 Jan 2020 PACS Numbers: 04.70.Bw, 04.80.Nn, 95.10.Fh
International Journal of Modern Physics D Testing dispersion of gravitational waves from eccentric extreme-mass-ratio inspirals Shu-Cheng Yang*,y , Wen-Biao Han*,y,x, Shuo Xinz and Chen Zhang*,y *Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China ySchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China zSchool of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China [email protected] In general relativity, there is no dispersion in gravitational waves, while some modified gravity theories predict dispersion phenomena in the propagation of gravitational waves. In this paper, we demonstrate that this dispersion will induce an observable deviation of waveforms if the orbits have large eccentricities. The mechanism is that the waveform modes with different frequencies will be emitted at the same time due to the existence of eccentricity. During the propagation, because of the dispersion, the arrival time of different modes will be different, then produce the deviation and dephasing of wave- forms compared with general relativity. This kind of dispersion phenomena related with extreme-mass-ratio inspirals could be observed by space-borne detectors, and the con- straint on the graviton mass could be improved . Moreover, we find that the dispersion effect may also be constrained by ground detectors better than the current result if a highly eccentric intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals be observed. Keywords: Gravitational waves; extreme-mass-ratio inspirals; dispersion. arXiv:1812.04350v2 [gr-qc] 16 Jan 2020 PACS numbers: 04.70.Bw, 04.80.Nn, 95.10.Fh 1. -
GW150914: First Results from the Search for Binary Black Hole Coalescence with Advanced LIGO
GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Abbott, B.P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T.D.; Abernathy, M.R.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adams, T.; Addesso, P.; Adhikari, R.X.; Adya, V.B. et al. "GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO." Physical Review D 93, 122003 (June 2016): 1-21 © 2016 American Physical Society As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.122003 Publisher American Physical Society Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110492 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. PHYSICAL REVIEW D 93, 122003 (2016) GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO B. P. Abbott et al.* (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration) (Received 9 March 2016; published 7 June 2016) On September 14, 2015, at 09∶50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational- Wave Observatory (LIGO) simultaneously observed the binary black hole merger GW150914. We report the results of a matched-filter search using relativistic models of compact-object binaries that recovered GW150914 as the most significant event during the coincident observations between the two LIGO detectors from September 12 to October 20, 2015 GW150914 was observed with a matched-filter signal-to- noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1 σ. -
Stringent Constraints on Neutron-Star Radii from Multimessenger Observations and Nuclear Theory
Stringent constraints on neutron-star radii from multimessenger observations and nuclear theory Collin D. Capano1;2∗, Ingo Tews3, Stephanie M. Brown1;2, Ben Margalit4;5;6, Soumi De6;7, Sumit Kumar1;2, Duncan A. Brown6;7, Badri Krishnan1;2, Sanjay Reddy8;9 1 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Gravitationsphysik, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany, 2 Leibniz Universitat¨ Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany, 3 Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, 4 Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, 5 NASA Einstein Fellow 6 Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA, 7 Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY 13244, USA, 8 Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1550, USA, 9 JINA-CEE, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA The properties of neutron stars are determined by the nature of the matter that they contain. These properties can be constrained by measurements of the star’s size. We obtain stringent constraints on neutron-star radii by combining multimessenger observations of the binary neutron-star merger GW170817 arXiv:1908.10352v3 [astro-ph.HE] 24 Mar 2020 with nuclear theory that best accounts for density-dependent uncertainties in the equation of state. We construct equations of state constrained by chi- ral effective field theory and marginalize over these using the gravitational- wave observations. Combining this with the electromagnetic observations of the merger remnant that imply the presence of a short-lived hyper-massive 1 neutron star, we find that the radius of a 1:4 M neutron star is R1:4 M = +0:9 11:0−0:6 km (90% credible interval). -
Meeting of the Executive Committee of the DPF
Meeting of the Executive Committee of the DPF December 19, 1997 Present: Bagger, Beier, Burchat, Devlin, Frisch, Georgi, Gordon, Grannis, Kinoshita, Naples, Newman-Holmes, Rutherfoord, Schellman Guests: B. Barnett, T. McIlrath, R. Peccei, J. Sandweiss Agenda: 1. Report of the Chair 2. Report of the Secretary-Treasurer 3. Report of the APS Treasurer 4. Congressional Reception 5. Report on OSTP and OMB Visit 6. APS Council Report 7. Physical Review Letters 8. DPF 99 9. DPF 2000/2001 10. April Meeting 11. Education and Outreach 12. Tanaka Prize 13. APS Centennial 14. Prize for Technical Contributions 15. Phenomenology in the U.S. 16. FNAL Director Search 17. DPF Committees For more on these items, see the DPF home page, http://www.aps.org/units/dpf/. Report of the Chair Paul Grannis introduced the new members of the Executive Committee and thanked the people who are retiring. He announced that Bruce Barnett of Johns Hopkins will begin a three-year term as organizer of the DPF Congressional Reception, and that Bob Cahn of LBNL will take over as Public Information Coordinator. Grannis also reminded the Executive Committee that Gene Beier will replace Frank Sciulli as the DPF representative on ICFA. Report of the Secretary-Treasurer As of November 1, 1997, the DPF account balance stood at $86,274. The prize account balances stood as follows: Panofsky, $64,103; Sakurai, $174,053; Wilson, $107,697. The Panofsky Prize Fund remains significantly underendowed. Howard Georgi will take over the fund raising effort. Howard Gordon and Pat Burchat have volunteered to help. Report of the APS Treasurer Tom McIlrath presented a positive report on APS finances. -
Citation Statistics from 110 Years of Physical Review
Citation Statistics from 110 Years of Physical Review Publicly available data reveal long-term systematic features about citation statistics and how papers are referenced. The data also tell fascinating citation histories of individual articles. Sidney Redner he first article published in the Physical Review was Treceived in 1893; the journal’s first volume included 6 issues and 24 articles. In the 20th century, the Phys- ical Review branched into topical sections and spawned new journals (see figure 1). Today, all arti- cles in the Physical Review family of journals (PR) are available online and, as a useful byproduct, all cita- tions in PR articles are electronically available. The citation data provide a treasure trove of quantitative information. As individuals who write sci- entific papers, most of us are keenly interested in how often our own work is cited. As dispassionate observers, we Figure 1. The Physical Review can use the citation data to identify influential research, was the first member of a family new trends in research, unanticipated connections across of journals that now includes two series of Physical fields, and downturns in subfields that are exhausted. A Review, the topical journals Physical Review A–E, certain pleasure can also be gleaned from the data when Physical Review Letters (PRL), Reviews of Modern Physics, they reveal the idiosyncratic features in the citation his- and Physical Review Special Topics: Accelerators and tories of individual articles. Beams. The first issue of Physical Review bears a publica- The investigation of citation statistics has a long his- tion date a year later than the receipt of its first article. -
Advanced Virgo: Status of the Detector, Latest Results and Future Prospects
universe Review Advanced Virgo: Status of the Detector, Latest Results and Future Prospects Diego Bersanetti 1,* , Barbara Patricelli 2,3 , Ornella Juliana Piccinni 4 , Francesco Piergiovanni 5,6 , Francesco Salemi 7,8 and Valeria Sequino 9,10 1 INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy 2 European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), Cascina, I-56021 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 3 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy 4 INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy; [email protected] 5 Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate, Università di Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy; [email protected] 6 INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 7 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy; [email protected] 8 INFN, TIFPA, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy 9 Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Pancini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] 10 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Virgo detector, based at the EGO (European Gravitational Observatory) and located in Cascina (Pisa), played a significant role in the development of the gravitational-wave astronomy. From its first scientific run in 2007, the Virgo detector has constantly been upgraded over the years; since 2017, with the Advanced Virgo project, the detector reached a high sensitivity that allowed the detection of several classes of sources and to investigate new physics. This work reports the Citation: Bersanetti, D.; Patricelli, B.; main hardware upgrades of the detector and the main astrophysical results from the latest five years; Piccinni, O.J.; Piergiovanni, F.; future prospects for the Virgo detector are also presented. -
Search for Gravitational Waves from High-Mass-Ratio Compact-Binary Mergers of Stellar Mass and Subsolar Mass Black Holes
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 126, 021103 (2021) Search for Gravitational Waves from High-Mass-Ratio Compact-Binary Mergers of Stellar Mass and Subsolar Mass Black Holes Alexander H. Nitz * and Yi-Fan Wang (王一帆) Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), D-30167 Hannover, Germany and Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany (Received 8 July 2020; accepted 11 December 2020; published 12 January 2021) We present the first search for gravitational waves from the coalescence of stellar mass and subsolar mass 3 black holes with masses between 20–100 M⊙ and 0.01–1 M⊙ð10–10 MJÞ, respectively. The observation of a single subsolar mass black hole would establish the existence of primordial black holes and a possible component of dark matter. We search the ∼164 day of public LIGO data from 2015–2017 when LIGO- Hanford and LIGO-Livingston were simultaneously observing. We find no significant candidate gravitational-wave signals. Using this nondetection, we place a 90% upper limit on the rate of 6 4 −3 −1 30–0.01 M⊙ and 30–0.1 M⊙ mergers at < 1.2 × 10 and < 1.6 × 10 Gpc yr , respectively. If we consider binary formation through direct gravitational-wave braking, this kind of merger would be exceedingly rare if only the lighter black hole were primordial in origin (< 10−4 Gpc−3 yr−1). If both black holes are primordial in origin, we constrain the contribution of 1ð0.1ÞM⊙ black holes to dark matter to < 0.3ð3Þ%. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.021103 Introduction.—The first gravitational wave observation known model which can produce subsolar mass black holes from the merger of black holes was detected on September by conventional formation mechanisms; the observation of 14, 2015 [1]. -
Recent Observations of Gravitational Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors
universe Review Recent Observations of Gravitational Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors Andrzej Królak 1,2,* and Paritosh Verma 2 1 Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-656 Warsaw, Poland 2 National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In this paper we present the most recent observations of gravitational waves (GWs) by LIGO and Virgo detectors. We also discuss contributions of the recent Nobel prize winner, Sir Roger Penrose to understanding gravitational radiation and black holes (BHs). We make a short introduction to GW phenomenon in general relativity (GR) and we present main sources of detectable GW signals. We describe the laser interferometric detectors that made the first observations of GWs. We briefly discuss the first direct detection of GW signal that originated from a merger of two BHs and the first detection of GW signal form merger of two neutron stars (NSs). Finally we present in more detail the observations of GW signals made during the first half of the most recent observing run of the LIGO and Virgo projects. Finally we present prospects for future GW observations. Keywords: gravitational waves; black holes; neutron stars; laser interferometers 1. Introduction The first terrestrial direct detection of GWs on 14 September 2015, was a milestone Citation: Kro´lak, A.; Verma, P. discovery, and it opened up an entirely new window to explore the universe. The combined Recent Observations of Gravitational effort of various scientists and engineers worldwide working on the theoretical, experi- Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors.