LONDON 2017 Space Risks Magazine

LONDON 2017

In association with Seradata

Space Risks Magazine ISSUE # 1 JUNE 15, 2017 Insuring Space Risks Around the Globe

A Specialist Managing General Agency for Space Risks.

Founded in 2011, Assure Space has access to space risks worldwide. With over 30 years of underwriting heritage, we have the technical and commercial knowhow combined with custom built statistical analysis tools to generate positive returns year after year for insurers, reinsurers and Lloyd’s syndicates. New partners are always welcome – find out what Assure Space can do for you. Richard Parker, Divisional President [email protected] Assure-Space.com I 1.301.941.1817

Assure_Space_World_Space_Risk_Forum_Ad_MKT0081.indd 1 5/25/2017 4:14:40 PM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

Space Risks Magazine Issue #1 Contents INTRODUCTION

4 Program Agenda 5 The Key Notes 6 The Panels ...LIFT OFF! 8 Panellist Interview with Craig Clark, CEO of Clyde Space Dear Speakers and Delegates, 11 Key Note Speaker Interview with Steven Lindsey 14 Industry Interview with I am delighted to welcome you to the second WSRF London Conference Robert Boehme, CEO of in association with Seradata. As a prelude we have prepared a special PTScientists issue magazine full of inspiring stories and experiences from Space 16 Industry Interview with industry pioneers and disruptors. Sarah Parker, Interim Group Managing Director of SSTL They share a common passion and dedication to innovation and 18 Industry Interview with Marco Villa, President and growth - daringly chasing and building their dreams while dealing COO of Tyvak Nano-Satellite with an uncompromising risk environment. Steve Lindsey would be Systems, Inc. a perfect role-model for this bunch. From test-pilot to Space Shuttle 19 Key Note Speaker Commander to Space Walker and now in charge of the development Interview with Dr. Moriba of the (very aptly named) Dream Chaser ®, he is definitely made of Jah, Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering “The Right Stuff” and a leading light on the open road towards the and Engineering new Space economy on which many entrepreneurs are now eagerly Mechanics, Cockrell School venturing. Together they point towards the future of our business, a of Engineering at the horizon full of new challenges and opportunities while offering key University of Texas at Austin lessons on risks management. We will discover some of them in the 22 Industry Interview with following pages, in the Panels and Key Note presentations at the event. Dr. Mark Skinner, Head of Boeing’s Commercial Space Situational Awareness I wish you all a very stimulating and successful conference and thank Group, and Space Traffic you for your support and contributions. Management Lead 24 Panellist Interview with Mike DENIS BENSOUSSAN Lawton, Founder & CEO of WSRF 2017 LONDON EVENT CHAIRMAN Oxford Space Systems and Head of Space Risks at Beazley

WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 3 LONDON JUNE 15 , 2017 PROGRAM AGENDA In association with Seradata

8:30am to 9:30am Registration and Coffee 9:30am to 9:35am INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME Denis Bensoussan, WSRF 2017 London Event Chairman and Head of Space Risks, Beazley 9:35am to 11:05am PANEL #1 - New Rockets on the Block! Sponsored by Assure Space David Todd, Moderator, Head of Space Content, Seradata Michel Doubovick, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Arianespace Ariane Cornell, Head of North American New Glenn Sales, Blue Origin Jim Kramer, Vice President of Engineering and Mission Assurance, ILS Jonathan Hofeller, Vice President of Commercial Sales, SpaceX Brian Morse, Senior Director, Advanced Concepts, Virgin Orbit Morten Pahle, Managing Director, ViVet 11:05am to 11:30am Morning Break 11:30am to 11:45am KEY NOTE - “The Space Data Association – Next Generation SSA Capability for the Protection of the Space Environment” Mark Dickinson, Chairman, Space Data Association (SDA) PANEL #2 - Space Systems Technology Innovations 11:45am to 12:00pm KEY NOTE - “The Future of Non-Terrestrial Communications” Antonio Abad Martin, Chief Technical and Operations Officer, Hispasat 12:00pm to 1:00pm PANEL #2 Discussion Maxime Puteaux, Moderator, Senior consultant, Euroconsult Alex Clarke, Business Development Manager, ABSL Space Products Christian Barnabe, Executive Vice President, Aon Craig Clark, Chief Executive Officer, Clyde Space Mike Lawton, Founder & Chief Executive Officer, Oxford Space Systems Ian Praine, Head of Risk Management & Controlling, SSTL 1:00pm to 2:00pm Buffet Lunch 2:00pm to 2:20pm KEY NOTE - “Managing Dream Chaser® Risk” Steven Lindsey, VP Space Exploration Systems, Sierra Nevada Corporation 2:20pm to 3:20pm PANEL #3 - Space Risks Management - Pushing the Frontier Peter de Selding, Moderator, Editor, Space Intel Report Martin Benatar, Managing Consultant, Benatar and Co Meidad Pariente, CTO and Co-Founder, Space and Sky Global Jan Schmidt, Head Space, Swiss Re Corporate Solutions Nishant Choksi, Managing Director, Ares Advisors Peter Elson, Global Head of Space, Chief Operating Officer, JLT Specialty Yamin Mustafa, Managing Director, Marsh Ltd. 3:20pm to 3:30pm Space Powwow! by elseco “The rediscovery of Apollo with the first private Mission to the Moon!” Juergen Brandner, CTO, PTScientists 3:30pm to 4:00pm Afternoon Break 4:00pm to 4:15pm KEY NOTE - “Scientia In Absentia: An Inconvenient Truth About Space Traffic” Dr. Moriba K Jah, Director, ASTRIA Assoc. Professor, Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics Dept, The University of Texas at Austin 4:15pm to 5:30pm PANEL #4 - Debris and Servicing: Dangers and Opportunities David Wade, Moderator, Space Underwriter, Atrium Space Insurance Consortium (ASIC) Daniel Campbell, VP Marketing & Business Development, Effective Space Joe Anderson, Vice President of Business Development and Operations, Orbital ATK Tim Fuller, Managing Director, Seradata Richard Crowther, Chief Engineer, UK Space Agency Russell Sawyer, Executive Director, Willis Towers Watson 5:30pm to 7:00pm Drinks Reception, Sponsored by Seradata

4 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

LONDON JUNE 15 , 2017 KEY NOTE SPEAKERS In association with Seradata

“THE SPACE DATA ASSOCIATION – NEXT GENERATION SSA CAPABILITY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT” Mark Dickinson Chairman, Space Data Association (SDA)

“THE FUTURE OF NON TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATIONS” Antonio Abad Martin Chief Technical and Operations Officer, Hispasat

“MANAGING DREAM CHASER® RISK” Steven Lindsey VP of Space Exploration Systems, Sierra Nevada Corporation

“SCIENTIA IN ABSENTIA: AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH ABOUT SPACE TRAFFIC” Dr. Moriba K. Jah Director, ASTRIA, Assoc. Professor, Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics Dept. The University of Texas at Austin

EVENT PARTNERS LEAD MEDIA PARTNER

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 5 THE PANELS

During the WSRF 2017 London event we will be hearing from an array of Space Industry experts over four main panels.

HERE WE PROVIDE YOU WITH A GLIMPSE OF WHAT EACH PANEL WILL DISCUSS. IMAGE: SPACEX IMAGE: #1 #2 Sponsored by

NEW ROCKETS ON THE BLOCK! SPACE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS

It is an exciting time for launcher development. Relative Satellite technology is developing at its fastest rate in newcomer, SpaceX, is driving the heavy-lift launcher years driven by innovation and changing needs from market with a combination of low prices and ground satellite operators. In satellite communications, there is a breaking reusable technology… However, SpaceX now battle now on between large increasingly high power, high faces a competitive reaction with new expendable designs throughput satellites (HTS) in Geostationary Earth Orbit being introduced by Arianespace, MHI and Khrunichev/ (GEO), and low cost satellite constellations in low Earth ILS, and new reusable designs by ULA, and by the new orbit (LEO) offering low latency (signal delay) mobile market entrant Blue Origin. broadband services from Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Between synergies and competition the market has not decided yet. Meanwhile, the light and medium lift market is also in flux. Small sat operators are becoming increasingly frustrated A flurry of Earth observation constellations and tracking at the lack of affordable rides. The good news is that applications are also booming in LEO. New Space more choice will soon be available as venerable types companies also pushing the capabilities of cubesats and such as the Soyuz are joined by new rockets from start- small satellites which are both challenging the status quo ups like Virgin Orbit, Rocket Lab etc., as well as by new and stimulating the market in general. types from the more traditional launch providers. KEY TOPICS KEY TOPICS • How is technology driving satellite communications • What are the new rocket design philosophies and how architectures overall? will good reliability be maintained? • Why are commercial companies adopting small • How large is the future launch market and how will satellites? providers compete? • What are the constraints of using small satellite • Are launch providers chasing the wrong orbit with the technology? rise of LEO? • Do subsystem manufacturers adequately support new • Will protectionism and geo-political issues continue to satellite developments? stymie the hopes of India and China? • How do subsystem companies perceive the market and • How will launch log-jams be avoided and will launch site its opportunities? congestion become a factor?

6 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1 IMAGE: CLYDE SPACE CLYDE IMAGE: #3 #4

SPACE RISKS MANAGEMENT - DEBRIS AND SERVICING: PUSHING THE FRONTIER DANGERS AND OPPORTUNITIES

The 2016 year was an unexpected “winning year” for Lower cost access to space and the mega-constellations underwriters as a whole. This was because losses were will see a vast flotilla of new satellites joining the existing historically very low, much lower than premiums, despite in-orbit population of active satellites and space debris. the premium total being at its lowest level for 15 years. For sixty years, we have launched space objects without But can the market’s run of good luck last? There remains much regard for the environment. We now stand at the the pressure on premium rates from a “soft market” and dawn of the New Space era where sustainability of the from struggling satellite operators themselves who want space environment is a significant concern. them cut even further. Meanwhile, as new satellite and new launch vehicle technology comes on stream, history What can we do to increase our knowledge of the Space suggests that failure rates will go up. So how will the Environment? How can regulation be applied to help market cope with these conflicting needs and interests? sustainability? What design guidelines should be followed to ensure we pose as little risk as possible to other KEY TOPICS space users? Will satellite servicing and life extension • How will the arrival of new launchers / satellite programmes give the industry new capabilities to deal technologies affect the insurance market? with the problem? • What is the practical limit for insuring a single launch? • Should reusable hardware command higher or lower KEY TOPICS rates? • What is the space environment? • Is space insurance still demanded by finance houses? • Are our models of the space environment accurate? • Will multi-year insurance policies prove successful this • Changes is Space Debris risk time around? • Space environment policing and traffic control • What will be the new space insurance products going • Mitigating risk; use of active debris removal and satellite forward? life extension

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 7 A Clyde Space Advanced 3U CubeSat on-orbit

PANELLIST Interview with Craig Clark MBE, CEO of Clyde Space

What was the vision behind creating Clyde the reason for our success. We always assess Space? the risks at the beginning of any developments In 2005, I decided to move back to Scotland and we manage these as we progress. We with my family. I wanted to continue working face challenges similar to any engineering and with satellites but there was no space industry. manufacturing business but we ensure that we A friend suggested I start my own company have the right people and enough time to deal and I thought that sounded like a good idea. with the inevitable niggles that occur as you Since then I am extremely proud of the industry design, develop, build and test. Our customers we’re building, the people and companies we’ve always want to stretch what is possible from a attracted, and the missions we’re undertaking CubeSat and our job is to deliver what they need. with nanosatellites. How is Clyde Space being responsible to the How has Clyde Space benefited from the recent Space Debris issue? growth in demand from CubeSat customers? We have developed a product that can be Are you seeing growth in full CubeSat solutions deployed from the spacecraft at the end of its or more into CubeSat subsystems and mission - this forces the satellite to de-orbit much equipment? quicker than it would naturally. Also, placing We have benefited massively. We have been the satellites on orbits appropriate for their working with CubeSats for over 10 years now mass allows them to de-orbit within sensible and we have learned so much – our customers timescales, avoiding space debris. With careful value that knowledge and experience. We are management there is no need to leave satellites supplying CubeSat end-to-end missions to our in low earth orbit far beyond their useful life. customers and this is definitely our biggest growth area. We are also continuing to supply Which missions do you see CubeSats being subsystems for larger ‘New Space’ missions. most appropriate for? CubeSats can be used for the same kinds What are the main day-to-day technology of applications employed by larger, more challenges that you face and how do you conventional satellites – Earth Observation for balance risk and innovation? agricultural purposes and communications We’re constantly innovating, it’s been our focus between people and devices in remote since day one and I believe it’s a big part of locations are two familiar applications in which

8 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

Spacecraft integration room at Clyde Space

and cargo ships, for example, as well as static devices like remote weather stations in regions prone to flooding. Having lots of satellites on- orbit enables us to reach these devices wherever they are, whenever they are, as weather events change throughout the day. Using nanosatellites, we can generate near real-time datasets for almost any imaginable application and at low- cost.

Where are we going to be in ten years with CubeSats? There are some exciting R&D programmes which are nearing completion that will enable CubeSat’s to deliver increasingly challenging satellite applications. Since CubeSats are relatively inexpensive, they are often the ideal testbed for new kinds of technology developments themselves, which has enabled them to evolve more quickly than previous kinds of satellites. In the coming decade, we’ll see new CubeSat technology developments including the addition of communications links between CubeSats on- orbit, making an internet in space to support Clyde Space spacecraft subsystem in test better connectivity and faster responses to events on the ground. CubeSats enable significant opportunities and At Clyde Space our focus is on the development advancement in capability. of next generation spacecraft and constellation Owing to their small size, standardised delivery. CubeSat-dedicated rockets will mean production methods, and relatively low-cost that a CubeSat constellation can be built and of delivery, CubeSats are being utilised in launched into space within vastly reduced applications where more than 1 satellite is needed timescales – CubeSats are vital to an emerging to solve a problem; for example, being able to technology field known as ‘Responsive Space’. image every part of the earth at least once per For ideas that are further out there, there are day – that can only be done by flying lots of also plans to take CubeSats deeper into the satellites, and this in turn drives the need for a solar system – to Mars and Jupiter, and perhaps different cost model for the satellites. beyond. Perhaps most excitingly, CubeSats We’re seeing a lot of interest for applications offer a low-cost path towards mapping the where satellite networks communicate with whole solar system in a level of detail previously machines on the ground – driverless cars, trains unimaginable!

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 9 Sompo Canopius WSRF 0517.qxp_Sompo Canopius WSRF ad 0517 24/05/2017 09:43 Page 1

The sky’s the limit with Sompo Canopius Our team can provide you with expert knowledge and tailored coverage for your cargo pre-launch risks. Sompo Canopius is a leading specialist (re)insurance underwriting business.

www.sompocanopius.com Sompo Canopius WSRF 0517.qxp_Sompo Canopius WSRF ad 0517 24/05/2017 09:43 Page 1

SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

Will Dream Chaser ever fly in a manned configuration, and if so, when? We are continuously keeping manned missions in mind as we finalize engineering for the vehicle, but our primary focus is to meet NASA’s needs by delivering critical supplies and science payloads to and from the International Space Station.

It has been mooted that Dream Chaser will fly on an Ariane 5 rocket, but will have to have folding wings to fit inside a fairing. Given that Ariane 5 was originally designed to lift the still- born Hermes design, a similar mini-shuttle to the

KEYNOTE SPEAKER Dream Chaser, why is this so? We are looking at several launch vehicle options, Steven Lindsey, VP of Space and Ariane is certainly one of those under strong consideration. We launch inside of a fairing Exploration Systems, Sierra because it allows us to get more payload to orbit Nevada Corporation for our cargo version of the Dream Chaser, and also protects our Cargo Module, which is not designed for atmospheric flight. The crewed version of the Dream Chaser will launch unfaired.

The Dream Chaser is a winged re-entry shuttle based on the NASA HL-20 design. What, if any, Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) successfully significant changes were made to that design? won the NASA ISS cargo contract with Dream NASA spent 12 years maturing the HL-20 design. Chaser. The testing phase is happening now, is SNC has spent more than 10 years since on everything running to schedule and when is it development of both crewed and uncrewed due to be fully operational? versions of the Dream Chaser. SNC started with We have successfully completed our first three the HL-20 design and data, folded in substantial milestones under our CRS2 program with NASA lessons learned from the Space Shuttle Program, and are on-track for a launch in 2020. However, and matured the HL-20 into the current Dream NASA and SNC have not formally chosen a first Chaser design. We have upgraded Dream launch date. Chaser’s systems to state-of-the-art, reduced the

Dream Chaser at Dawn - Side

www.sompocanopius.com IMAGE: NASA IMAGE:

WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 11 SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

complexity, time, and resulting costs required for SNC’s Dream vehicle turnaround, increased vehicle robustness, Chaser First Flight Test at NASA’s eliminated and/or mitigated risk/safety issues Dryden Flight (using Space Shuttle lessons learned), improved Research Ce... the aerodynamics and performance of the vehicle, and substantially increased the versatility of the Dream Chaser for multiple mission scenarios.

It terms of hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio and cross range ability, which is better, the Space Shuttle

orbiter or Dream Chaser? NASA IMAGE: The Dream Chaser and the Orbiter have roughly equivalent hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio and cross mitigated them. Our design goal is to have a 60 day range capabilities. turnaround from landing to launch. We intend to operate the Dream Chaser system at substantially Why does Dream Chaser use a skid instead of a less cost and increased safety as compared to the front wheel? Space Shuttle. Using a skid saves space (which provides more pressurized volume for crew and/or cargo), Apart from being a “five time” astronaut, you are simplifies the thermal protection system (both a a former US Air Force jet fighter jock and test safety and a vehicle processing improvement), pilot. Asides from the Space Shuttle, which was and is simply one less tire to keep pressurized and your favourite aircraft to fly? thermally conditioned while on-orbit and flying in At this point in my career, my favorite aircraft to a vacuum. fly is whatever I can get my hands on! However, if I were to pick only one favorite from all of the The Space Shuttle had a very long winded and aircraft that I have flown, I’d pick an F-16. I’m sure expensive refurbishment between flights. Is this Dream Chaser will be #1 if I get a chance to fly that shorter for Dream Chaser? someday . . . From the beginning, the Dream Chaser team has www.sncorp.com designed the vehicle to have a shorter, simpler, and less costly refurbishment. We specifically looked at those aspects of the Space Shuttle that drove safety issues, complexity, and cost during refurbishment and either eliminated or significantly

Dream Chaser CRS2 Berthed to Station IMAGE: SIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION SIERRA NEVADA IMAGE:

12 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM AG is an independent and expanding London Market Insurance and Reinsurance Broker We are proud to support the WSRF and their commitment to further understanding the risks of doing business in Space. agcover.co.uk PTScientists will be providing our London event with a special edition WSRF Space Powwow! How long has the design taken on ALINA and the two Audi lunar quattro rovers and are they all on target to go to the Moon next year on the expected SpaceX Falcon9 rocket? We have been developing our mission hardware for nine years.. Being close to our launch it will be at least 10 years of development that have gone into the robotics – the Audi lunar quattro rover and the ALINA modular spacecraft – side of our mission hardware.

In summary, what is the Mission expected to accomplish?

INTERVIEW The science goal of the Mission to the Moon is for the first time in the history of space exploration, Here we talk to Robert Boehme, to make a return to an Apollo landing site. Our target there is to study the remains of CEO of PTScientists to learn more the Apollo lunar rover (the Apollo LRV – lunar about their upcoming project to roving vehicle). Together with scientists from the German Space Agency – DLR, and with “Rediscover Apollo with the first support by the US Space Agency NASA we want private Mission to the Moon” to understand what has happened to the multi composite materials being used at the LRV after 45 years of exposure to the space weather on the Moon. What is the philosophy behind PTScientists and We believe a return to Apollo 17 will be a highly what are you aiming to achieve that no other inspirational milestone in the fields of space organisation has done before? explorations. Our hope is that this will inspire Our goal here at PTScientists is to make space a new generation of aerospace engineers and exploration commercially viable. Simply speaking space entrepreneurs. this means that we want to enable space In addition to this scientific goal we, as a exploration to become a field where all of us private space company, want to showcase that can make a living, independent of government our technology is up to the task and that private contracts and political directions. space exploration is actually possible and worth To go along with that, we want to open up investing in. space to a much wider audience of entrepreneurs. My personal dream would be for investors to What is the biggest risk you have taken with this stop chasing their white whales of funding the project? very next Facebook or Google but rather invest Starting it over nine years ago! ALINA and the Audi lunar quattro in space companies pushing humanity towards a As a small company all steps along the way have (ALQ) giant leap forward. been been taken with a degree of risk. We are constantly confronted with problems, however the support and trust of our partners as well as the great spirit inside of our team of engineers has so far helped us to overcome all mayjor obstacles. The biggest technical make- or-break points such as the soft-landing on the Moon are still ahead of us, and we continue to strengthen our partner network and to find like minded individuals to support us.

What design and innovation difficulties have you had to overcome? One of the biggest hurdles we have found with designing a space mission to the Moon so far is the dependance on the launch vehicle. Everything kind of trickles down from this initial choice from

14 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

Audi lunar quattro on the Moon

environmental specifications to political affiliations experiments – with us to the Moon for 750,000 and a lot of legal challenges. To overcome this Euro per kg. This means a fully sold out ALINA and provide a service for future clients we have mission provides us with 75M . Our target is developed the ALINA spacecraft. ALINA stands for to stay - with all costs, including the launch - far the Autonomous Landing and Navigation module below these 75M , meaning all that remains is and is a spacecraft designed to be fitted into any our direct profit. And if you think about it, when currently commercially available launch provider was the last time that you have heard that an without a redesign. This means in contrary to the exploration mission heading away from Earth has usual approach, ALINA is not necessarily the most generated any such kind of revenue? optimal spacecraft for each launch, but is definitely the most compatible one. Allowing clients using What next after this project? ALINA to freely choose their launch provider. This Our goal is to offer the ALINA spacecraft, means people can optimise their space mission our robotics technologies based on the Audi for speed or the overall price tag. lunar quattro and all lunar infrastructures, communication and navigation including “LTE How is the project being financed? Was it fairly on the Moon” in cooperation with Vodafone, as easy to quantify the costs and keep on budget? commercial services. We have already a number A large part of the mission financing come from of requests for doing subsequent missions as well our partners, clients and initial investors who as requests to sublicense the ALINA spacecraft. supported us along the way. Our main technical Long story short here, we want to strongly play mission partners are the car manufacturer Audi our part in making space exploration an everyday and the mobile phone company Vodafone. In commodity. Enabling engineers, entrepreneurs addition we are happy to also have found a and investors to focus on their goals and not on variety of payload customers for our first mission, reinventing the wheel. the Mission to the Moon. These clients are mostly To make this goal work we are always in need government based or financed entities such as for skilled engineers, interested in finding like Universities. We also have a few private clients minded technical partners and investors who see and expect these to be our main set of customers the potential in space as the next big industry. once we have proven that ALINA can actually If you are reading this and think you belong in any reach the Moon. of these categories feel free to reach out to us at To give you some numbers here. ALINA is [email protected] and of course check out capable of transporting 100kg of mass to the our mission website at www.mission-to-the-moon. Moon’s surface. So far we have been offering to com and our latest video at https://www.youtube. take payload – mostly scientific instruments and com/watch?v=4hNa8uiNdR8

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 15 DMC3 Triplesat satellite in build, August 2014

INTERVIEW Sarah Parker, Interim Group Managing Director of SSTL

Does SSTL want to compete in the growing cubesat market or do you see better ways for SSTL to tap into this innovative sector of the industry? We see several limitations in any business model that relies on 1,2,3U cubesats to survive. The limited performance of these satellites, the low price of each unit and the launch cost make it difficult to earn a living doing cubesats. But we high degree of flexibility to avionics and our new do see a better outlook for the bigger end of the architecture based on the Deep Thought CORE spectrum: 6U and above, small nanosatellites and will do exactly that. And in the near future we 30-40kg platforms, all of which can share a lot of intend to open source the code we use on it, avionics and build philosophies with cubesats. In allowing developers and builders of satellites to that sense we are working very much in the mix of use the CORE and the associated software as the the cubesat world, but we are coming at it from a basis of their system, making good use of our 35 different direction: for instance, our new “satellite years of learning on how to make satellites work! on a board” will fit in a 2U form factor, and if you We want to make the process of designing and add a power system and some AOCS actuators building satellites simple and streamlined, allowing and sensors you have a 2U cubesat. We didn’t the focus to move to what the satellites, or better, specifically design it for cubesats, but it will be a spacecraft, do, rather than what they are. And very good basis for a high performance cubesat, looking further into the future, we are designing and also for bigger more capable systems. learning autonomous systems, that will learn with their own mistakes, making autonomous decisions SSTL’s approach using commercial grade and and require increasingly less management from risk based redundancy design (where graceful the ground. degradation can be acceptable) has been adopted by other manufacturers and has enabled What would you say is the major benefit of the you to rapidly develop and innovate. Which other Airbus ownership of SSTL / and what is the industry changing approaches to the design and greatest challenge posed by it? testing of satellites can we look forward to SSTL Airbus ownership has brought many benefits to bringing us in the future? SSTL of which the major one has been having a Possibly the biggest change is the transition substantial parent company behind us that has from a hardware defined to a software defined given us the access to financial resources required satellite. This is a tendency that we have been to fund our growth. These financial resources embracing in some areas of our architecture since have been provided not just in the form of cash the mid 00’s, namely around fast, reconfigurable for capital projects such as the investment in the

ALL IMAGES: SSTL ALL IMAGES: data processors. The next step is to extend this state of the art Kepler building, R&D investment

16 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

in innovative projects such as Carbonite-1 and altogether for 13 positions. Software and growth in working capital requirements, but also Electronics were areas where we received the provision of guarantees to enable us to secure less applications than Physics, Aerospace or significant contracts that would not have been Mechanical Engineering graduates. available to us if we were still under University ownership. What are your long-term plans for SSTL US – The greatest challenge posed by Airbus would you move some design and engineering ownership is the ongoing one of implementing tasks across? How has the take-up been of your heavy processes designed for a larger organisation online sales platform? within a small agile company. We have to adapt We have already moved some design and some of these processes to suit our organisation, engineering tasks across to SST-US. The team and that takes up some resource. over there have recently integrated the payload into the OTB platform in our Englewood facility With an increased focus on STEM education and are currently performing the EVT campaign. and competencies in the UK, are you seeing The take up of our on-line sales platform has been any impacts of this w.r.t. e.g. finding qualified positive but slow – the preference in the States graduates, funding etc? still seems to be to make purchases through more This year we received a very healthy response for traditional routes! our Graduate programme with 630 applicants www.sstl.co.uk

NovaSAR, small radar spacecraft, 3 satellites for the DMC3 Triplesat February 2016 Constellation, May 2015

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 17 T yvak A Terran Orbital Corporation

INTERVIEW How would you define and describe the top Marco Villa, President and COO, disruption causing characteristic of Tyvak? I think Tyvak has been very successful because Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc. it has been able to keep faith to a few basic principles: 1. Focus on the “why”, and then worry about the “how” and “what” Data collection from nanosats and microsats 2. Understand that the only thing that counts is appears to be limited only by the satellite’s mission success capabilities. As customers demand greater 3. Leverage on the advantages of the “new capability to generate larger amounts of data, space”, but continue to respect the “traditional” how does that impact Tyvak’s posture and agility approach to space. in this sector? The data quantity vs. quality conundrum is Many new launch vehicle providers are entering something that Tyvak has always been considering the industry to support the future growth of in developing its strategy towards the missions the nano-satellite sector. How does Tyvak geared for observation (of Earth and Space). As differentiate its approach to arranging launch a matter of policy, we have always tried to engage services to ensure your clients have the frequency only in “operationally meaningful” missions, and certainty they value? that find an optimal balance between quantity Tyvak is not a broker of launches in the typical and quality. A few years ago, this approach was definition of the term. The team can count ona perceived as counter to the rush toward cost long history of launches and we have always reduction, but now any company that wants believed that taking the responsibility to place to make a serious impact in this sector has a satellite in orbit is more than simply booking understood that the overall size of the instrument, a ride on a rocket. The approach Tyvak takes and hence of the satellites, cannot be artificially is to apply the “do not harm” principle to all the constrained. At Tyvak this has been at the basis of stakeholders, including the satellite itself. As such our technology and processes development, and we are committed to help coordinate the entire it now sets us a few steps apart from others on a integration to assure that all parties are not harmed scalability point of view – Tyvak develops satellites in the process. There is art in this effort that has from 1kg to 150kg to optimize the missions for its been matured through the years, and also the way clients — but also for flexibility in the application we find rideshare opportunities follows a similar — Tyvak covers a variety of applications, from RF approach. We book slots, entire sectors, or even to imaging to SAR. entire rockets if we know we can close the deal with an high level of certainty. We don’t like to take Nanosatellite with a very high risk in this matter... it would violate the optimized design “do not harm” principle and carry uncertainty. We for M2M and Data Exfiltration prefer to bring all parties at the table beforehand capabilities and reach an agreement. This is a good risk posture that everyone appreciates. For example, this is how the recent effort with ULA, Digitalglobe and USG was managed in order to manifest secondaries on Worldview 4. This approach is scalable to multiple missions on multiple rockets, and therefore allows Tyvak to answer the two main market demands: frequency of flight and diversification of orbits. www.tyvak.com

18 LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

DAVID TODD HEAD OF SPACE CONTENT FOR SERADATA TALKS TO

Seradata WWW.SERADATA.COM

KEY NOTE SPEAKER Interview with Dr. Moriba Jah, Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Cockrell only in the input. No sensor has infinite accuracy, precision, and measures in all wavelengths and School of Engineering, The University frequencies, and in all conditions. For example, of Texas at Austin even ground based optical telescopes have trouble with dense cloud cover. A proper identification system requires it to be proven against known objects. This is the subject of my research Dr. Jah is currently Associate Professor of programme at UT Austin, ASTRIA: https://sites. Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics utexas.edu/moriba Department, at The University of Texas at Austin, where he also directs the Advanced Sciences & The Kessler hypothesis that a space debris chain Technology Research In Astronautics (ASTRIA) reaction will one day make some orbits unusable. programme. Before this Dr. Jah served as Director Are voluntary debris reduction/mitigation of the Space Object Behavioral Sciences initiative strategies enough to prevent this? at the University of Arizona. He was also Mission I’m not certain that I fully buy into this concept, Lead for Space Situational Awareness at the Air but even if I did, debris mitigation and remediation Force Research Laboratory, and worked as a strategies alone won’t do it. We must strive Spacecraft Navigator at NASA’s Jet Propulsion to achieve Unique Space Object Identification Laboratory. (USOI). There must be an accompanying Space Traffic Management strategy which includes After the well documented 1cm debris strike on actively controlled space objects, and more of Sentinel 1A, a recent study suggested that 10% these are getting launched every year. The key to of all spacecraft have been hit by space debris of any debris parameters and mitigation methods some kind. What is your view? chosen is that their results MUST be quantifiable I personally have not done this analysis. However, and measurable (thus verifiable and predictable) based on discussions with colleagues, this with any decisions to go ahead with them based hypothesis is not unreasonable. upon evidence and empirical data…and the scientific method of testing out the theory. It has been suggested that debris can be tracked and thus avoided in LEO if above a certain size - While atmospheric drag makes many low Earth say 10cm, and defended against using shielding if orbits rapidly self-cleansing of spacecraft and below a certain size, say 1-2mm. Is this true? How debris (say within a year or two), spacecraft in do you track or model the objects in between? the popular Sun-synchronous orbits at altitudes Debris can be detected above the 10cm threshold of 600km and above, can take decades to and objects below the 1-2mm can probably be decay. Instead of a one rule fits all policy, do defended against using shielding, however I do you think that there should be tougher rules for not have the exact data on this. With respect the enforced deorbiting of spacecraft in Sun- to the tracking of space objects, remember that synchronous orbits? detectability does not necessarily equate to Absolutely! On the roads, we regulate large trucks trackability. And for something to be trackable, very differently than we do Vespa scooters; on the it must be detectable with sufficient frequency, sea ways we regulate oil tankers quite differently and in a way which is as uniquely identifiable as than kayaks and canoes… Why would we treat possible. Probability to Track = Probability to satellites all the same? However what we do not Detect x Probability to Uniquely Identify. have, and what we are in desperate need of, is a One other thing to remember is that the truth scientifically and empirically informed taxonomy about all sensors is that they all lie! The truth is (read classification scheme) for man-made space

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 19 SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

objects which would allow classification of their Do you think that the idea that the “launching relative risks according to their orbits, size and state” is liable in the event of third party orbital ability to manoeuvre etc. . damage, is outmoded or even too impractical to enforce? The CubeSat revolution has resulted in many I believe that there is too much uncertainty to more space objects of 1-10kg in orbit. Some call enforce much of anything no matter what liability these the space debris of the future and have regime is in place. This is why I am striving to get called on their use being severely restricted. the science done, from which evidence, proper What is your view? attribution of the cause and effect of debris strikes Congestion is not the biggest thing to worry about. can be made. What we should be concerned about most is our inability to track these objects accurately enough When you were a child what sort of job did you to forecast their motion and location with sufficient want to do when you grew up? Did it involve warning so that these objects are “in custody” at space debris? all times. In the same way, that air traffic control I wanted to be a Greyhound bus driver…eventually has “custody” over aircraft movements, so a kind that shifted to being a pilot. I only envisioned a of space traffic control should have “custody” over job related to space when I was an undergraduate all spacecraft. student in Aerospace Engineering at Embry- Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, Arizona. Some experts have suggested that deployed Dr Ron Madler was my mentor and he helped me drag devices on small spacecraft to promote realise that I could work for NASA one day…and faster decay, may actually increase the chance of that happened. For the most part, we can only the spacecraft concerned hitting something. Are become what we see to be accessible. This is they right? my major emphasis with educational outreach… Not necessarily. As already mentioned, such to show our children that they can become what methods need to be tested empirically. However, they want to be. the thing we really need to achieve first is predictability. Our motto in ASTRIA research is: Comment by David Todd: We would like to thank “If you want to know it, you must measure it; if Dr Moriba Jah for this interview and note his views you want to understand it, you must predict it!” that we need to predict and model more and Once we understand the population, we can begin then test the results to find out the best way of to understand how to manage it, which includes preventing or even curing the problem of orbital how best to remove objects quickly, efficiently, debris. Of course, there must be a little bit of him while minimizing risks. However, sadly we are not that still wants to be a Greyhound bus driver, even investing in the underlying science required to get if, like orbital space, there is still a lot to crash into to this UNDERSTANDING. on the road.

Are spacecraft in the main GEO orbit safe from space debris? Not necessarily. Although relative velocities are lower than in LEO, there are clusters of debris near GEO with periodic perturbations in inclination, semi-major axis, and eccentricity that are making their way back into the operational GEO region. Several commercial operators, like OPTUS, have expressed concern in this regard.

Do you think that dedicated debris removal spacecraft are practical? It might be a better question to ask whether they will they be meaningful? It’s about managing the risk and ensuring the long-term sustainability of space activities. Practicality, I believe, is not a useful parameter in this trade space.

20 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM Broking redeﬁned.

Local, global or intergalactic. Traditional or alternative. Always innovative.

We’re handling our clients’ requirements where they need us, when they need us and however they need us to.

We are broking redeﬁned for a changing world. www.edbroking.com

Ed Broking LLP registered in England No. OC339735. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. 034–0517 Geostationary satellites photograph taken by Bill Livingston of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona USA.

INTERVIEW How does this differ from what the US Air Force JSpOC does? Dr. Mark Skinner, Head of Boeing’s The JSpOC maintains a “battle-management commercial space situational command and control” center (“BMC3”), with the goal of achieving a large-scale synoptic view awareness group, and space traffic of the situation in space. They focus on “what management lead things are” and “intent” of space objects. They try to keep track of everything, and maintain a national security imperative. The focus for commercial SSA is much narrower, rather limited to those objects in What is “commercial SSA”? the neighborhood of a customer’s satellite. ‘Commercial’ space situational awareness (SSA) Key questions the commercial operators is that done by a for-profit entity (as opposed have are, will an object hit my satellite? Is my to that done by a military or international satellite doing something at odds with what my intergovernmental organization). When we were telemetry stream tells me it is doing? having initial discussions several years ago with Executive branch and Department of Defense What sort of demonstrated results have you (DOD) policy makers, they told us that when they achieved? included commercial SSA in the last US Space We have been employing a worldwide network Policy guidelines, they had been envisioning of small (40 cm diameter) optical telescopes business-to-US government SSA, but were not that allow us to make intensive observations opposed to our business-to-business model. of only the objects we need to worry about We also view non-US governments as part of (the customer’s satellite, and any potentially out customer base, along with “boutique” US conjuncting objects). With a night or two o government users (i.e., not the US Air Force). f observations, we have demonstrated the Commercial SSA also answers to the ability to determine the position of the observed requirements of the customer base (commercial space objects with uncertainties on the order satellite operators, for the most part), chief among of 20-30 meters. Our intensive observations them being “low cost”. have allowed us to determine dynamic area-to- mass ratio, and so incorporate the effects of the solar radiation pressure on a space object, allowing us to predict the positions out a week to ten days, with uncertainties on the order of 100-200 meters. This is not something that can be accomplished using the two-line element (TLE) sets available from such sources as Space- Track.org.

How does this help to reduce risk? Currently the conjunction data messages By international agreement, GEO satellites operate in a toroid-like protected region; when a satellite reaches the end of its useful lifetime, it is re-orbited to an altitude (CDM) that the JSpOC provides to commercial safely above the protected region, the so-called “graveyard orbit”. operators that “subscribe” treat all space

22 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

objects as 5 km spheres, and uncertainties, WANDERINGS OF HAMR OBJECT “D” DURING if provided at all, are generally so large as to 5 DAYS IN MID-FEBRUARY 2010 be effectively meaningless. It is therefore not surprising that operators, working with such low-fidelity information, generally choose not to maneuver their satellites when faced with a possible conjunction with a piece of debris. Because we can make accurate measurements, and project positions in the future by seven to ten days, with reasonable uncertainties we have confidence in, operators can utilize this actionable information when constructing their maneuver plans. We also act as an independent LATITUDE (DEGREES) LATITUDE source of information and data on space objects.

With whom are you working now? Mostly various commercial GEO operators, with both large and small fleets. We have also provided a lot of support to internal Boeing “customers”, for missions involving the all- WEST LONGITUDE (DEGREES) electric 702SP satellites, when they make their A typical ground track for a high area-to-mass (HAMR) object six month cruise from initial orbit to their final observed from Maui, spanning five days. parking spot at GEO. We have also been in discussions with non-DOD US government satellite operators, as well as with the Federal Aviation Administration, as they make plans for HAMR DETECTIONS “Space Traffic Management” (STM). 120 2

correlated 1.8 What are your plans to expand the offerings? 100 uncorrelated Sensitivity 99 40 cm 1.6 It has been said that when some of the “Mega- 15 cm 1.4 LEO” constellations (proposed constellations of 80 SENSITIVITY 1.2 100s-1000s of satellites in low-earth orbit (LEO)) 60 1 are launched, that this will (administratively) 60 cm 0.8 FREQUENCY Sensitivity “break” the JSpOC, effectively consuming all Frequency 40 correlated their resources in constantly sending out CDMs. 10 cm 0.6 0.4 We have been in discussion with the DOD and 20 uncorrelated constellation operators about how we might 0.2 alleviate this potential situation. We have also 0 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 been performing R&D to help operators find MagnitudeMAGNITUDE (and fix) satellite problems, before they suffer The distribution of objects that can be correlated (in blue) with the public catalogue, from major anomalies. Additionally, we are as well as a new population of faint objects that are not found in the catalogue (in red), looking into routine support for smaller, existing discovered by Thomas Schildknecht, et al,. LEO operators.

LONDON, JUNE 15, 2017 23 PANELLIST traditional approach puts a lot of empathises on front loading a development with paper based Interview with Mike Lawton, Founder study and detailed analysis. I encourage my team & CEO, Oxford Space Systems to get in the lab and build hardware as soon as they’re reasonable confident to do so. There’s no substitute for handling materials in the real world and getting first results from a prototype. Once we have this, we then back-fill with just Oxford Space Systems was voted best “UK the relevant underpinning analysis to ensure we Technology Start-Up” in 2015. Tell us what understand why we’re getting the results we’re the company does and why you received this seeing. This approach allowed us to set a record accolade. in the industry with our AstroTube boom in going Oxford Space Systems (OSS) is an early stage, from a new material concept, to turning that into venture capital backed space hardware business. a product and then deploying successfully on We’re developing a new generation of deployable orbit in under 30 months. structures, things like antennas, boom systems and panel arrays targeted at the global space How do you manage development risks industry. What sets us apart is the use of our own associated with your accelerated design novel, proprietary materials that we’re developing approach? in-house. Ultimately our structures are lighter, I’m fortunate enough to be surrounded by more stowage-efficient and lower cost than those smart, motivated and in many cases, really in current commercial demand. Because of our experienced people. I think it’s a bit like driving a use of proprietary materials and the use of design car. Whilst you’re learning and for a few months techniques such as origami, it means we’re not afterwards, your lack of confidence means you seen as a ‘me-too’ company by the space industry. follow the rule book religiously. After you’ve This fact was instrumental in OSS securing some gained a bit of experience & confidence, you fairly significant venture capital as soon as I learn where you can cut a few corners without a founded the company. I think it’s therefore the significant increase in risk. So it’s the same with combination of cool hardware, securing venture OSS. Smart, experienced people know where capital and chasing a clearly defined global market they can be pragmatic without compromise to secured OSS the UK’s Best Tech Start-Up Award. the end product. In terms of a practical, day to day approach, we use materials that either In your approach, what is the most disruptive; have flight heritage or have the properties that the technology, the process or both? mean they’re highly likely survive a specific It’s both. Having innovative, disruptive technology mission environment. And rather than exhaustive is one part of the equation. You need processes testing at a material level, we test at sub-system that support and encourage innovation, not level. And of course, the great leveller of any suppress it. I constantly look for ways to inspire innovative approach is the formal qualification and encourage my team. In fact if we’re not having process to prove fitness for flight. There’s little failure of new ideas, it means we’re not pushing point taking intelligent shortcuts if the product the boundaries of the possible. At OSS, we avoid fails during vibration of thermal vacuum tests, for the traditional highly linear approach to design. A instance.

24 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

Record Breaker: the world’s longest retractable nansat boom system from OSS, shown successfully deployed in Low Earth Orbit.

SPACE INSURANCE

JLT Specialty’s Aerospace division is one of the market leaders in providing insurance and risk management services to the space industry. We are specialists. Our deep expertise and entrepreneurial culture give us the insights, creative freedom and tenacity to go beyond the routine and deliver better results for our clients. Because at JLT, clients come first.

To find out more about how we can offer you bespoke solutions tailored your needs, please contact:

PETER ELSON Chief Operating Officer & Global Head of Space +44 (0) 207 466 1447 [email protected]

JLT Specialty Ltd. Lloyd’s Broker. Authorised and Regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. A member of the Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group. Registered Office: The St Botolph Building, 138 Houndsditch, London EC3A 7AW. Registered in England No. 01536540. VAT No. 244 2321 96. © May 2017 274582 The AstroTube boom went from idea to orbit in under 30 months, representing a record breaking time for the on orbit validation of a new flexible composite material from OSS.

and ambitious market space, there’s an appetite to explore new and disruptive solutions. In fact it’s probably the only way some these LEO constellations will be brought to fruition. This goes to the heart of what we’re doing at OSS: finding materials and processes that permit us to address the demands of such aggressive volume opportunities. Our strategy is therefore to achieve initial ‘wins’ in the LEO market, prove out new, cost-competitive technologies and then delta- qualify our technologies and materials for GEO opportunities. Further out still, we see exciting opportunities for our light weight boom systems Does your agile approach rely on fast “launch- and other developments for asteroid mining and test-correct-relaunch” cycles, or is it aimed at planetary exploration. “right and fully tested/qualified first time”? I wish we had the budget for the first approach! How much of an enabler was Innovate UK for The reality is somewhere between the two. The your venture? so-called newspace market cannot wait or afford a Innovate UK are fundamentally responsible for the “fully test/qualified” development approach. This inception and rapid growth of OSS. It all started would be more aligned to (say) an ESA science or when I won a competition called the Harwell a manned flight mission where longer durations Launchpad, run by Innovate UK in 2013, designed and larger budgets permit such an exhaustive, to stimulate growth of SMEs at the UK’s Space failure-is-not-an-option approach. Newspace Cluster, Harwell. Crucially, I could apply as a “pre- is characterised by a focus on LEO craft which start up” company. The prize was £100,000 in typically have a lifespan of around 5-7yrs. Rapid conditional co-funding, the condition being I raised obsolescence and replacement is built into their at least the same amount in matched funding. I business models; no terrestrial customer wants used this offer from Innovate UK to promptly to be using a 7 year old modem, and so it will secure VC funding. This meant I went from having be with users of newspace data relay and space the idea for a novel space hardware business to broadband systems. So our approach, and that being incorporated, with offices, employees and of the industry serving newspace, will have to a great seed VC investor within the space of a embrace more “fit-for-purpose” style approach couple of months. Since then, we’ve had superb rather than “fully tested / fully qualified.” support from Innovate UK via national funding opportunities and via the ESA ARTES funding Do you see your products being aimed equally at programme. In addition to obvious benefits of smaller satellites and large GEOs? co-funding, Innovate UK have helped with profile We’re targeting both. But for a number of reasons raising of Oxford Space System and introducing us we’re initially targeting LEO/SmallSat opportunities. to collaborative development partners. The three Space is risk averse market, with GEO platform Innovate UK Space Entrepreneurs’ Missions that builders and operators, the apex of risk-aversion. OSS has been on to the US have been instrumental This is completely understandable: a GEO bird is in securing investment and market engagement in massive investment that needs to be operational what represents that largest market for OSS. for 18+ years. It’s unrealistic to expect technology without a decent heritage to be incorporated into How do you instil a mind-set of innovation and such a valuable asset. However, the economics of entrepreneurship within your company? the GEO market are well understood and make for As we’re still a small (but growing!) company attractive revenues. The LEO newspace market, we’ve been able to carefully screen the talent especially mega-constellations, by contrast are joining us. As well as technical expertise, I look for immature: no one today fully understands how that special spark, someone willing to intelligently to build 1,000s of satellites for the cost point and challenge how things are done and be brave build volumes being discussed, let alone how to enough to suggest alternatives. This is a lot easier turn such a constellation into a sustainable, profit to achieve in a start-up or early stage business making venture. But because of this nascent where ideas and processes are new and being

26 WWW.WORLDSPACERISKFORUM.COM SPACE RISKS MAGAZINE ISSUE #1

developed. In a mature, operational business innovations as quickly as possible and get that inspiring innovation is a real challenge and in fact all-important flight heritage. We’re developing I think it’s almost discouraged. Large companies a range of highly scalable deployable Ka- cannot disrupt: they’re institutionally set up to band antennas based upon our proprietary focus on innovations that delivery risk-averse, stored energy composites and flexible surface incremental improvements and/or look toward materials. Our aim is to demonstrate a highly cost reductions. This is fundamentally a different cost-competitive and class leading deployable mindset from an entrepreneur or disruptor. At OSS antenna for the smallsat market within the I encourage engineers to challenge and to take next 16-18 months. We’re getting a really high risk. Failure is allowed and indeed encouraged so level of interest from the US market and are that we know we’re pushing the limits. My only having some promising conversations under rule is to avoid making the same mistake twice confidentiality agreement. I’m hoping we’ll be - that show’s we really didn’t learn anything last in a position to announce something toward time round! I also avoid keeping engineers in the end of 2017. Beyond immediate antenna ‘silos’. They regular meet customers, investors opportunities, I’m keen to see what we can do and collaborators and experience a broad range with on-orbit construction using our AstroTube of aspect associated with the business. This helps boom technology. We’ve developed the ability to them appreciate the wider picture and often embed flexible PCBs and gas feed lines, so the stimulates some great ideas. idea of deploying long booms and connecting them together when on orbit to achieve large What is next for OSS? Where do you see the ‘intelligent’ structures is really exciting. This could opportunities for OSS to further innovate in the underpin large on orbit solar farms or very large space industry? antenna arrays for example. Our current focus is to mature our antenna www.oxfordspacesystems.com

Insuring any Space related risks More than US$200 million capacity anyone risk The largest Space insurance capacity in the world else.co