Margô Devos Martins

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Margô Devos Martins UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPIRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E NATURAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL DAS RELAÇÕES POLÍTICAS MARGÔ DEVOS MARTIN A TRAJETÓRIA DE UMA GERAÇÃO POLÍTICA NO ESPÍRITO SANTO – DA UNIVERSIDADE AO PODER – 1982 A 1992 VITÓRIA 2008 MARGÔ DEVOS MARTIN A TRAJETÓRIA DE UMA GERAÇÃO POLÍTICA NO ESPIRITO SANTO – DA UNIVERSIDADE AO PODER – 1982 A 1992 Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História das Relações Políticas Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, na área de Sociedade e Movimentos políticos como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Estilaque Ferreira dos Santos VITÓRIA 2008 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brasil) Martin, Margô Devos, 1967- M379t A trajetória de uma geração política no Espírito Santo : da universidade ao poder : 1982 a 1992 / Margô Devos Martin. – 2008. 300 f. : il. Orientador: Estilaque Ferreira dos Santos. Co-Orientador: João Gualberto Vasconscelos. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais. 1. Estudantes – Atividades políticas. 2. Movimentos estudantis. 3. Clubes políticos - História. 4. Comitês partidários. I. Santos, Estilaque Ferreira dos. II. Vasconscelos, João Gualberto. III. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais. III. Título. CDU: 93/99 MARGÔ DEVOS MARTIN A TRAJETÓRIA DE UMA GERAÇÃO POLÍTICA NO ESPIRITO SANTO – DA UNIVERSIDADE AO PODER – 1982 A 1992 Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Relações Políticas Centro de Ciências Humanas E Naturais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História. Aprovada em 29 de agosto de 2008 COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Estilaque Ferreira dos Santos Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Orientador Prof. Dr. João Gualberto Vasconscelos Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Profª Dra. Nara Saletto da Costa Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Prof. Dr. José Antônio Martinuzzo Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo A minha filha Sofia, que irá nascer poucos meses após a conclusão deste trabalho, mas já é a maior alegria da minha vida. Este trabalho é fruto do apoio e participação de várias pessoas. Em primeiro lugar agradeço ao meu marido, Marcelo Paranhos, pelo apoio e paciência em tantas horas de dedicação e preocupação com esta dissertação. Agradeço também à minha família, em especial a minha mãe, na compreensão pela ausência em muitos encontros e reuniões familiares e pelo incentivo ao saber, mas, sem cobranças. Aos meus amigos, aos quais praticamente me afastei nestes dois anos de estudo. Espero que me recebam carinhosamente de volta. Agradeço à todos os atores que participaram da trajetória desta geração política pela atenção e gentileza em que cederam as preciosas informações aqui contidas por meio de seus depoimentos, em especial Robson Leite Nascimento pela atenção nas várias consultas, me auxiliando a juntar as peças desta história. Agradeço aos professores Marta Zorzal e João Gualberto Vasconscelos pelas importantes observações na etapa de qualificação, que muito me foram úteis na formação deste trabalho, ao meu orientador Estilaque Ferreira dos Santos, bem como aos professores Nara Saletto e José Antonio Martinuzzo por participarem da banca de defesa da dissertação. RESUMO A geração política formada no movimento estudantil universitário chega a prefeitura de Vitória por meio de um grupo que contribuiu na reabertura do DCE da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, no ano de 1979 e tem na figura do Governador Paulo Hartung sua principal liderança. A consolidação deste grupo, formado por homens e mulheres se deu na busca pela redemocratização política brasileira e, principalmente, capixaba, utilizando à via político-partidária como alicerce para a consolidação da democracia plena. O cenário político encontrado no final do Regime Militar, resultante da dissolução dos sistemas partidários, foi agravado pela decadência da política desenvolvimentista e apresentava uma baixa institucionalização do sistema partidário, que foi ainda mais fragilizado com o início da Nova República. Também contribuiu para o enfraquecimento partidário a expansão da televisão como poderosa força eleitoral, diminuindo a importância dos eventos político-partidários, levando o candidato a se apresentar diretamente a grande massa. No recorte temporal escolhido, fica claro como esta geração política participou ativamente de todos os momentos significantes da história política capixaba, em uma trajetória crescente, concorrendo nos pleitos eleitorais e participando de cargos de destaque na administração pública, desaguando na eleição de Hartung à prefeito de Vitória, em 1992. Por meio de depoimentos de atores que participaram dessa trajetória e de fontes como jornais e revistas da época a pesquisa foi norteada pela metodologia da História Oral. Dentre as muitas peças que participaram do processo político se destacam diferentes atores, cada qual com sua característica própria, como partes de uma engrenagem, que contribuíram para a consolidação do grupo, mantendo suas particularidades e funções na engenharia política de consolidação do grupo, que mais tarde, em 2002, se tornaria a principal força política do Espírito Santo, com a eleição de Paulo Hartung para Governador do Estado. A influência dos princípios do comunismo italiano, tendo como inspiração os textos de Antônio Gramsci que desenvolveu o conceito de “guerra de posições”, imprimiu no grupo o direcionamento de seus projetos, a busca pelo consenso, a formação de quadros e a criação de redes operativas que se deslocaram ao poder público. Palavras-chaves: Estudantes, Atividades políticas, Movimentos estudantis, Clubes políticos, História, Comitês partidários ABSTRACT The political generation formed from the University Student’s Movement gets to Vitória City Hall through a group of people who contributed to the reopening of the DCE (Student’s Central Directory) of the Federal University of Espírito Santo in the year of 1979 and identifies in the Governor Paulo Hartung its main leader. The establishment of this group, formed by men and women, occurred while in search of the democratization of the Brazilian Politics, mainly the one from Espírito Santo, using political parties as a basis to consolidate the full democracy. The political scenery found at the end of the Military Regime, following the party systems closure, worsened because of the decay of the developing politics and showed a low institutionalization of the party systems, which was even more deteriorated by the beginning of the New Republic. Another aspect that contributed to the parties’ decaying is the growth of the television as a powerful electoral force, minimizing the importance of the political parties’ events and leading the candidate to present himself directly to his audience. Considering the chosen time, it is clear how involved this generation was in all the significant moments of the political history in Espírito Santo, in a growing course, competing in elections and taking part in outstanding positions in the public administration consummating in Paulo Hartung’s election to Vitória City Hall in 1992. By means of testimonies of individuals who participated in this course and sources like newspapers and magazines from that time, this research was directed by the Oral History methodology. Among the many individuals who participated in this political process, some stand out with their own characteristics, as part of a gear that contributed to the establishment of the group, keeping their own peculiarities and functions in the political engineering of this group’s unity, which later on, in 2002, became the main political power in Espírito Santo with the election of Paulo Hartung as the governor of the state. The influence of the Italian Communism Beliefs, inspired by the texts of Antônio Gramsci, who developed the concept of “war of positions”, led the group to their projects’ course, the search for the consensus, the gathering of personnel and the networking creation, which shifted to the public power. Keywords: Students; Political activities; Student's movement; Political parties; History; Party's committee SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................... 10 CAPÍTULO 1 ........................................................................................................................... 19 A ENTRADA EM CENA TITULO DO CAPÍTULO 1 .......... Erro! Indicador não definido. 1.1 O ESTUDO DA FORMAÇÃO DOS GRUPOS POLÍTICOS ................................. 19 1.2 ANÁLISE DA CONJUNTURA POLÍTICA ................................................................ 25 1.3 DO DIRETÓRIO ACADEMICO AO PCB ............................................................... 33 1.4 INÍCIO DA PARTICIPAÇÃO POLÍTICO-PARTIDÁRIA ......................................... 48 1.5 O PACOTE DE ABRIL E O FIM DO BIPARTIDARISMO OFICIAL .................... 57 1.6 CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS NO BRASIL ................... 61 A CONQUISTA DOS PRIMEIROS CARGOSCAPÍTULO 2 ........................................... 68 TITULO ...................................................................................................................................
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