CONTROL OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO INSECTS WITH CGA-l 5324, N-2596, AND OTHER INSECTICIDES’ Tobacco Science, 1978, 22-44, p. 148-151, ISSN. 0082-4523.pdf
By W. J. METRIC, JR., 2. SIDDIQI. and G. B. CLARK2
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Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 1974-75 to evaluate the effectiveness of different dosages and formulations of 13 msecticides applied as sprays to the foliage of flue-cured tobacco for control of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtlpennis (Melsheimer). and green peach aphid, Yyzus per- SiCSe (SUlZer). Performance of the various treatments was compared wtth that of .5 lb Al/acre of methomyl SP. ln comparison with methomyl SP, supenor to similar reductions in budworm damage were obtained with CGA-15324 EC (O-(4-bromo2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate) at .75 lb Al/acre Treatments that were consistently as effective as methomyl SP in reducing budworm damage included CGA-l 5324 EC and methomyl L at.5 lb, acephate SP and EC at 75 and .5 lb, N-2596 EC (S-(p-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl ethanephosphonodithloate) at .5 and 1 lb, and PennCepMLs * F (encapsulated methyl parathion) at 1 lb. Except for N-2596 EC at .5 lb against flea beetles and Penncap-MLS F which was not tested against hornworms. all of the treatments just mentioned were as effective as methomyl SP In reducing hornworm damage and flea beetle and aphid infestations.
INTRODUCTION ticidca against the green peach aphid, M~:us pc~~ic.~ (Sulzer), and the three insects mentioned earlier. The efficacy of new experimental inxecticides applied as sprays against the tobacco budworm. Hdiothis ~irc~.scc~.s(F. ), tobacco hornworm, M~duc~ .WWI (L. ), and tobacco flea beetle, Epitri.r METHODS AND MATERIALS hirr~/~~ni.s (Melsheimer), on flue-cured tobacco was reported re- cently (1, 2). The most effective materials tested were acephate, Small-plol field experiments were conducted near Clayton, North encapsulated methyl parathion, and leptophos. Acephate and encap- Carolina during 1974-75 to evaluate the effectiveness of certain hulated methyl parathion are now rcpistered for use on tobacco. and insecticides applied with a power sprayer to ‘Coker 3 19’ flue-cured .rcscarch with lcptophos has been Jiccontinucd by the manufacturer. tobacco 1% control of artificial or natural infestations of tobacco This report presents information on the effectiveness of accphate. budworms and tobacco homworms and natural infestations of to- encapsulated methyl parathion. and certain new experimental insec- bacco flea beetles and green peach aphids. Larvae occuring naturally on artific!ally infested plants were included in the tests. The experi- ments consisted of a variable number of insecticidal treatments, a
>Paper No 5667 of the Journal Senes of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Sfat~on, rtandard t.reatment of methomyl SP at .5 lb AL/acre, and a nontreated Ralagh. N C The use of trade names ,n thjs publrcatiora does not Knply endorsement by the check replicated three times in a randomized block design. Other Noti Carolina Agncultwal Expenment Station of the products named. nor crltlclsm of similar experimental procedures were similar to those described previously ones not mentioned (2). firofessor and Research Techrvcrans, respectrvely, Department of Entomology. North Carolma State Unwersdy Raleigh, N C. 27650 Insecticides used in the experiments were: acephate, carbaryl, Conhbubon recewed June 28, 1978 Tab. Scr XXI/. 148-757. 1976 CGA-IS?24 (O-)4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phos-
lTobmco Science148j Tobacco Science, 1978, 22-44, p. 148-151, ISSN. 0082-4523.pdf
phorothioate), chlordimeform hydrochloride, Dipel” (fkci//us fhuringivmis Berliner), DS-24465 (O,O-diethyl-O-(3.oxo-2phenyl. 2H-pyridazine-6-y]) phosphorothionate). fenitrothion. FMC-33297 (3.phenoxybenzl (i) c,is-rr-cm.,-3-(2.2.dichlorovinyl)-2.2. dimethylcyclopropanecarbowylate), MC-4044 (O,O-dimethyl-0-( 1,2, 5-thiadiazol-2-yl)phosphate), MC-9087 ( I-ethoxy-4-I l-(1.4,( I, l- dimethylethyl)phenyl)-2-nitrobutyl)benzzne), methomyl. N-2596 (S-(p-chlorophenyl)O-ethyl ethanephosphonodithioate), and Penncap-M” and -MLS’ (encapsulated methyl parathion). Carbary-NCF, Penncap-M, and acephate SP were registered formu- lations, while carbary-MIC, Penncap-MLS, and acephate EC were experimental formulations. The cisitrans ration of FMC-33297 was 2517.5 in 1974 and 40160 in 1975.
RESULTS
TO!XKW Bud~orm.- One-half lb Al/acre of methomyl SP reduced budworm larval infestations for 6days in Experiments 4,5,7, 10, and I2 and for 10 days in the other seven experiments (Table 1). At 3 days, N-2596 EC at 1 lb in Experiment 3 and Penncap-M F at 1 lb in Experiment 5 were superior to methomyl SP. No treatment was superior to methomyl SP at 6 days. At IO (days, acephate SP at .75 lb in Experiment 5, acephate SP at .5 lb and Penncap-MLS F at 1 lb in Experiment IO, and CGA-15324 EC’ at .75 and .5 lb and chlorodimeform hydrochloride SP at .25 lb in Experiment 12 were superior to methomyl SP. In experiment:. where methomyl SP was
(Tobacco Science149) Dipel WY at .5 lb, MC-4044 EC at I lb, MC-9087 EC at 1 and .5 lb, and Penncap-M Fat 1 and .75 lb. Chlordimeform hydrochloride WP at .25 lb, FMC-33297 0.8 EC at .05 lb, and DS-24465 EC at 1, .75, and .S lb gave inferior to no control. Carbaryl-NCFand -MIC WP at I lb, MC-4044ECat.5Ib,andFMC-33297 WPand3.2ECat .I. ,075, .05, and ,025 lb were ineffective in reducing damage. Tohur~~~ Hornw~mn: Methomyl SP at .5 lb AI/acre reduced homworm larval infestations for 6 days in Experiment 2 and for 10 days in the other four experiments (Table 2). The other treatments also lowered the infestations. Treatments effective at 10 days in Experiment 2 were acephate SP at .75 and .5 lb and 2.67 EC at .S lb. No treatment was superior to methomyl SP in reducing infestations 3 or 6 day< after application. Treatments superior to methomyl SP at 10 days wer2 carbaryl-MIC WP and MC-9087 EC at I lb and acephate SP at .75# Ih. Compared with methomyl SP 3, 6, and 10 days after application, \uperiur to similar control of homworm larvae w’as obtained with MC-9087 EC and carbaryl-MIC WP at 1 lb and acephate SP at .75 lb. Similar control M as provided by fenitrothion EC and MC-9087 EC at 2 lb, carharyl-NCF WP and MC-4044 EC at 1 lb. N-2596 EC at 1 and Tobacco Science, 1978, 22-44, p. 148-151, ISSN. 0082-4523.pdf .5 lb, CGA-15324 EC at .75 and .5 lb, acephate 2.67 EC at .75 lb. Dipel WF’and methomyl L at .5 lb, FMC-33297 WPand 0.8 EC at .05 lb, and FMC33297 3.2 EC at ,075, .05, and ,025 lb. Similar to inferior c.ontrol was obtained with Penncap-M F at 1 and .75 lb, OS24465 EC at I, .75, and .5 lb. MC-4044 EC and acephate SP and 2.67 EC at .5 lb, and chlordimeform hydrochloride WP at .25 lb. Methonyl SP provided excellent control (97.99%) of homworm damage f, ineffective at 10 days, treatments effective at IO days were: acephate SP at .75 lb in Experiments 5 and 7; acephate SP at .5 lb and 2.5 EC at .5 and .25 lb, Penncap-M and MLS at I lb. and methomyl L at .S lb in Experiment 10; and CGA-15324 EC at .75 and .5 lb and chlordime- form hydrochloride SP at .25 lb in Experiment 12. Treatments that did not significantly reduce budworm larval infes- tations at any time were MC-9087 EC at I and .5 lb. Compared with methomyl SP 3, 6, and 10 days after application. superior to similar .control of larvae was provided by acephate SP at .75 lb and CGA- 15324 EC at .75 and .5 lb. Similar control was obtained with methomyl L at .5 lb and FMC-33297 0.8 EC at I lb. Similar to inferior control was provided by the remaining treatments. Methomyl SPprovided poor to good control (52.85%) of budworm damage for 12 days in all 12 experiments. The mean level of control (69%) was fair. In comparison w*ith methomyl SP treatments and the checks, superior to similar control of damage was obtained with CGA-15324 EC at .75 lb. Similar protection was provided by acephate SP and 2.5 and 2.67 EC at .75, .S, and .25 lb, methomyl L and CGA- 15324 EC at .5 lb, N-2596 EC at I and .5 lb. Penncap-MLS Fat 1 lb, and FMC-33297 0.8 EC at I lb. The other treatments did not perform as consistently as methomyl SP. Fenitrothion EC at 2 lb gave similar to inferior control. Similar to no protection was obtained with (Tobacco Science15Oj ments 1 and 5, and 3 days in the other three experiments (Table 3). In the \ix cxperimcntx. mcthomyl SP provided poor to excellent control (42.YX’X ) of flea hcetlcs for 3 d.~y<. N .I treatment ~‘115wpcrior to mcthomyl SP ;rt 3 da)\. Penncap-Ml-‘; F at I lb was superior to methomyl SP at 6 days in Lxp;erimcnt 4 At IO days. MC-9087 EC at 3 and I lb in Evpcriment I ,md FMC‘-3.2?Y7 WP at .OS lb in kxperi- ment 5 were superior to methomyl SP. In experimenta whew Inethomyl SP ~3s mcffectiw at 6 days. treatments effective at 6 day\ were N-2SYh EC at I Ih and FMC-WY 7 0.8 EC at .OS Ih in Expel-~- ment 3 and Penncap-M and -MI.S F ~lt I lb and accphatc SP at .5 lb in Experiment 4. In expcrlmcntj where methomyl SP was ineffwtivc at .:spc,riment 1 (July 26-~~g. 5, 1975) IO days. treatment\ effcctiw at IO days Here N-2596 EC‘ at 1 lb and FMC-33397 WP at .O.Slb and 3.1 tX’ -11.075, OS, and .075 lb in .L~Cl’ll it i 75 SP 0.52 l.l DISCUSSION Net\ I! tcgi\tc’red acephate SP and Penncap-M F provided frcen peach aphltl ctrntrol in addition to hudworm, hornv+orm. and flea hestlc ccrntrol. The experimental formulations accphate EC. Pcnncq-MLS F and carbary-MIC WP were as effective a the respective resistered formulations. The moat effective new experimental insecticide\ tc‘sted were c’G,\- 1532-I tC and N-2596 EC. At rata of .5 to I lb/acre, thc\e matcrlal\ provided aphid, budworm. hornworm. antI flea beetlc coil- trol super l<)r OI similar to that of the standard treatment of mcthomyl : ‘, SP at .5 It> fIorn\\,w, and flea beetle control v+erc obtained with FMC-11207 at rate‘\ below. I lb/acre, hut it appeared that at Ieat I lb M:IS required for hucl\+c~rnr control. Rata below ,075 lb increawd aphid popula tion\ o\c’r that of the nontreated check. LITERATURE CITED (Tobacco Science151)