DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring the Role of Smartphone Technology for Citizen Science in Agriculture Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gemma L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploring the Role of Smartphone Technology for Citizen Science in Agriculture Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gemma L Exploring the role of smartphone technology for citizen science in agriculture Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gemma L. Foster, Luke Owen, Séverine Persello To cite this version: Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gemma L. Foster, Luke Owen, Séverine Persello. Exploring the role of smartphone technology for citizen science in agriculture. Agronomy for Sustainable Develop- ment, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA, 2016, 36 (2), pp.25. 10.1007/s13593-016-0359-9. hal- 01532449 HAL Id: hal-01532449 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532449 Submitted on 2 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2016) 36: 25 DOI 10.1007/s13593-016-0359-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Exploring the role of smartphone technology for citizen science in agriculture Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz1 & Gemma L. Foster1 & Luke Owen1 & Séverine Persello2,3 Accepted: 16 March 2016 /Published online: 8 April 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Citizen science is the involvement of citizens, such support was not always regarded as necessary, experimental as farmers, in the research process. Citizen science has be- work was the most likely activity for which respondents come increasingly popular recently, supported by the prolifer- thought financial support would be essential. Overall, this is ation of mobile communication technologies such as the first study to quantify and explore farmers’ use of smartphones. However, citizen science methodologies have smartphones for farm management, and document strong sup- not yet been widely adopted in agricultural research. Here, port for farm-based citizen science projects. we conducted an online survey with 57 British and French farmers in 2014. We investigated (1) farmer ownership and Keywords Citizen science . Smartphones . Farm use of smartphone technologies, (2) farmer use of farm- management applications . Britain . France . Participatory specific management apps, and (3) farmer interest and will- research ingness to participate in agricultural citizen science projects. Our results show that 89 % respondents owned a smartphone, 84 % used it for farm management, and 72 % used it on a daily basis. Fifty-nine percent engaged with farm-specific apps, 1 Introduction using on average four apps. Ninety-three percent respondents agreed that citizen science was a useful methodology for data Non-professional people (lay persons/amateurs/volunteers) collection, 93 % for real-time monitoring, 83 % for identifica- have participated in scientific research for several centuries, tion of research questions, 72 % for experimental work, and often contributing profound subject knowledge (Silvertown 72 % for wildlife recording. Farmers also showed strong in- 2009; Pescott et al. 2015). The involvement of volunteers in terest to participate in citizen science projects, often willing to research is now commonly referred to as “citizen science”, commit substantial amounts of time. For example, 54 % of with recent years seeing a rapid increase in the number of British respondents were willing to participate in farmland citizen science initiatives available globally, particularly in wildlife recording once a week or monthly. Although financial Europe and North America (Silvertown 2009). Topics for re- search are diverse, and examples include the observation of weather patterns, or the recording of plants and animals * Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz (Dickinson et al. 2010). [email protected] Recent advances in digital information and communication technologies have enabled much wider participation in citizen science, to include people that may not possess any, or only 1 Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, limited, background knowledge of the studied subjects, but Ryton Gardens, Wolston Lane, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK are nevertheless willing to contribute by collecting data 2 Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 1, cours du Général de Gaulle CS 40201, (Adriaens et al. 2015;Grahametal.2011; August et al. 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France 2015). Furthermore, the development of mobile smartphone 3 Present address: CIRAD, UPR HortSys, 97455 Saint-Pierre technologies in particular offers several advantages, including Cedex, Réunion Island, France the functionality to take photographs, use microphones and 25 Page 2 of 8 Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2016) 36: 25 recording software, and access geographical information and global positioning systems (GPS) (Teacher et al. 2013). Smartphones that have an Internet connection, and a touchscreen or something similar as an interface, are now very widely used and have become embedded into contemporary societies throughout much of the world. Indeed, it is estimated that globally, two billion people own a smartphone, and that by 2020, 80 % of the global population will do so (The Economist 2015). In the UK, 66 % of the adult population owned a smartphone in the first quarter of 2015, an increase of 27 % since 2012 (OFCOM 2015), and in France, 58 % people owned a smartphone in 2015, an increase of 12 % since 2014 (CRÉDOC 2015). As owners carry these devices around al- most constantly, they are also on standby to record observa- tions, or to access dedicated applications (from here on re- ferred to as apps) designed specifically for citizen science Fig. 1 Smartphone applications developed for farm management include projects in app stores such as Google Play and iTunes, without applications designed to identify and report pests, including photographs the need for special preparations and equipment. and locations helping farmers to identify the pests and researchers to collect data. Shown here is the MyPestGuide app developed by the Consequently, the availability of smartphone apps developed Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia for citizen science projects has increased in recent years. However, few citizen science projects are targeted at farmers or explore agricultural research questions. Although there are a large number of apps available to Traditionally, farm-based participatory research has taken support farmers, only a limited number utilise smartphone the form of farm trials or networks, with data being collected built-in sensors to provide agricultural solutions through farm visits, crop assessments, farm records, and farm- (Pongnumkul et al. 2015). The majority of apps currently er interviews—an approach which makes data collection time- available are designed by commercial companies, usually pro- consuming for researchers and farmers. Digital technology viding information or services in a unidirectional linear flow, offers the opportunity to streamline this process, with from the developer to the user. In contrast, citizen science apps smartphone apps offering great potential to collect data re- are designed to be more collaborative and participatory, and motely and efficiently. tend to be developed by charities, scientific or academic insti- Agricultural and farming topics are increasingly being tutions, and government departments. Crucially, they allow discussed through interactive online social media spaces the user to submit information to the developer, often receiv- (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube). For example, the not-for- ing feedback in return. This feedback can range from a simple profit organisation AgriChatUK has been hosting weekly dis- acknowledgment of the record received, to more detailed cussions related to the UK farming industry since 2012 via project-related information, such as the confirmation of spe- Twitter (@AgriChatUK). At present, AgriChatUK has over cies identifications. 17,500 Twitter followers, and it has become an established One of the few examples of citizen science apps promoted forum for lively debate, problem solving, knowledge ex- to farmers is the MyPestGuide apps (Fig. 1), developed by the change, and networking amongst industry stakeholders. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia Farmers are also known to take part in participatory research (DAFWA, https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pests-weeds- projects involving small groups of farmers getting together in diseases). These apps encourage farmers (and members of “Farm Labs” (MacMillan and Pearce 2014)or“Monitor the public) to send reports and photographs of suspected Farms” (Prager and Thomson 2014) to work on specific prob- plant diseases and pests directly to the DAFWA, to enable lems. These projects demonstrate that farmers are generally experts to identify the species, provide feedback, and map willing to participate in collaborative research ventures and the record. In this sense, apps such as the MyPestGuide apps may therefore also be interested in larger scale citizen science contribute to farmers achieving cost-effective precision agri- projects exploring agricultural research questions. However, culture outcomes and contribute to a broader evidence base as the success of these larger projects often depends on a about the prevalence of certain species. sufficient number of users with access to smartphone technol-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6. from Amateur Video to New Documentary Formats : Citizen
    6. From Amateur Video to New Documentary Formats : Citizen Journalism and a Reconfiguring of Historical Knowledge Katarzyna Ruchel-Stockmans Abstract The Arab Spring of 2011 appeared on the news in countless video testimoni- als shot by participants and bystanders. Yet the sheer amount of such visual data, combined with the untranslatability and poor quality of the footage, delivers an often opaque and ambiguous material. Peter Snowdon’s film The Uprising (2013) appropriates and reassembles this amateur footage. Compared to the 1992 film Videograms of a Revolution by Harun Farocki and Andrei Ujică, The Uprising raises the question of a possible knowledge shift produced and performed by the amateur video maker. In an analysis of these films, this chapter investigates the possibilities of documenting historical events through mobile video footage. Keywords: Documentary, found footage film, Syria, amateur The act of self-immolation by the fruit vendor Mohamed Bouazizi in December 2010 triggered a wave of demonstrations throughout Tunisia, mobilizing masses of people to oppose the failing government. The spirit of protest quickly spread to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Spontaneous demonstrations emerged and expanded not only in the streets but also through an unprecedented use of social media. As a result, virtually anyone in the world could instantly see the events by means of images and mostly mobile phone camera videos, recorded and uploaded to the internet on a massive scale from various epicentres of the protests. Many citizens turned into amateur journalists in protesting against Strohmaier, A. and A. Krewani (eds.), Media and Mapping Practices in the Middle East and North Africa: Producing Space.
    [Show full text]
  • CITIZEN JOURNALISM and the INTERNET by Nadine Jurrat April 2011
    REFERENCE SERIES NO. 4 MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: CITIZEN JOURNALISM AND THE INTERNET By Nadine Jurrat April 2011 Citizen Journalism and the Internet —An Overview WRITTEN BY Nadine Jurrat1 Citizen journalists have become regular contributors to mainstream news, providing information and some of today’s most iconic images, especially where professional journalists have limited access or none at all. While some hail this opportunity to improve journalism, others fear that too much importance is placed on these personal accounts, undermining ethical standards and, eventually, professional journalism. Th is paper summarizes recent discussions about citizen journalism: its various forms and coming of age; its role in international news; the opportunities for a more democratic practice of journalism; the signifi cance for mass media outlets as they struggle for survival; the risks that unedited citizens’ contributions may pose for audiences, mainstream media, and citizen journalists themselves. Th e paper ends with a call for a clearer defi nition of ‘citizen journalism’ and for further ethical, legal and business training, so that its practitioners continue to be taken seriously by professional media and audiences alike. 1. Nadine Jurrat is an independent media researcher. Mapping Digital Media Th e values that underpin good journalism, the need of citizens for reliable and abundant information, and the importance of such information for a healthy society and a robust democracy: these are perennial, and provide compass-bearings for anyone trying to make sense of current changes across the media landscape. Th e standards in the profession are in the process of being set. Most of the eff ects on journalism imposed by new technology are shaped in the most developed societies, but these changes are equally infl uencing the media in less developed societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Audience Report on CNN
    Audience Report on CNN Ali Hashmi Shaina Humphries Maureen LaForge Jean Song Winter, 2012: Audience Insight F 1 | Page Introduction Founded in 1980 by Ted Turner, Cable News Network was the first 24-hour television news channel in the world. Some called it the “Chicken Noodle Network” because they lost revenue at a rate of 2 million dollars a month in their first year. CNN was even denied access to the White House pool in the early 1980s. However, they grew to be one of the largest news organizations, reaching 100 million households in U.S. and 265 million households abroad1. “He who laughs last, laughs best. They’re not laughing anymore,” Turner said in an interview with Michael Rosen in 1999. “I’m doing the laughing now.”2 CNN’S PERSONA Based on our own data and research, as well as that of the Pew Research Center and the Project for Excellence in Journalism, we have identified the persona of CNN’s audience. This person is a college-educated woman3 between the ages of 25 and 54, who tends to lean to the political left—but prefers her news to be neutral, and who cares mostly about national news as opposed to international and local news. She is on-the-go and does not have a lot of spare time to just sit around and watch the news on TV or read a newspaper. She receives most of her news online or through her smartphone, but often watches cable television news for quick, short periods of time. 1 CNN Worldwide Fact Sheet.” Web.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Mobile Apps in Government
    Using Technology Series Using Mobile Apps in Government Sukumar Ganapati Florida International University Using Technology Series 2015 Using Mobile Apps in Government Sukumar Ganapati Florida International University USING MOBILE APPS IN GOVERNMENT www.businessofgovernment.org Table of Contents Foreword . 4 Executive Summary . 6 Introduction to Mobile Apps . 11 The Growth of Mobile Apps . 11 The Emergence of Government Apps . 13 Location-Based Services . 15 Mobile Devices Help Bridge the Digital Divide . 15 The State of Mobile Apps in Government . 17 Mobile Apps in the Federal Government . 17 Mobile Apps in State Government . 20 Mobile Apps in Local Government . 21 Enterprise-Focused Apps . .. 23 Enterprise-Focused Apps in the Federal Government . 23 Enterprise-Focused Apps in State and Local Government . 25 The Road Ahead for Enterprise-Focused Apps . 25 Citizen-Oriented Apps . 28 Citizen-Oriented Apps in the Federal Government . .. 28 Citizen-Oriented Apps in State and Local Government . 30 The Road Ahead for Citizen-Oriented Apps . 33 Mobile App Design Considerations . 36 Three Types of App Design . 36 The Road Ahead for Mobile App Design . 39 Recommendations for Government Mobile Apps . 40 Recommendation One: Optimize Online Services for Mobile Devices . 40 Recommendation Two: Provide Open Data Based on Common Standards . 40 Recommendation Three: Assess Feasibility of Standard Data Structures Across and Within Agencies . 41 References . .. 43 About the Author . 49 Key Contact Information . 50 3 USING MOBILE APPS IN GOVERNMENT IBM Center for The Business of Government Foreword On behalf of the IBM Center for The Business of Government, we are pleased to present this report, Using Mobile Apps in Government, by Sukumar Ganapati, Florida International University .
    [Show full text]
  • The Predator in Your Pocket: a Multidisciplinary Assessment of the Stalkerware Application Industry
    The Predator in Your Pocket: A Multidisciplinary Assessment of the Stalkerware Application Industry By Christopher Parsons, Adam Molnar, Jakub Dalek, Jeffrey Knockel, Miles Kenyon, Bennett Haselton, Cynthia Khoo, Ronald Deibert JUNE 2017 RESEARCH REPORT #119 THE PREDATOR IN YOUR POCKET A Multidisciplinary Assessment of the Stalkerware Application Industry By Christopher Parsons, Adam Molnar, Jakub Dalek, Jeffrey Knockel, Miles Kenyon, Bennett Haselton, Cynthia Khoo, and Ronald Deibert Research report #119 June 2019 This page is deliberately left blank Copyright © 2019 Citizen Lab, “The Predator in Your Pocket: A Multidisciplinary Assessment of the Stalkerware Application Industry,” by Christopher Parsons, Adam Molnar, Jakub Dalek, Jeffrey Knockel, Miles Kenyon, Bennett Haselton, Cynthia Khoo, and Ronald Deibert. Licensed under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 (Attribution-ShareAlike Licence) Electronic version first published by the Citizen Lab in 2019. This work can be accessed through https://citizenlab.ca. Citizen Lab engages in research that investigates the intersection of digital technologies, law, and human rights. Document Version: 1.2 The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license under which this report is licensed lets you freely copy, distribute, remix, transform, and build on it, as long as you: • give appropriate credit; • indicate whether you made changes; and • use and link to the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. However, any rights in excerpts reproduced in this report remain with their respective authors; and any rights in brand and product names and associated logos remain with their respective owners. Uses of these that are protected by copyright or trademark rights require the rightsholder’s prior written agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Form 10-K from 2020
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended September 26, 2020 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to . Commission File Number: 001-36743 Apple Inc. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) California 94-2404110 (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) of incorporation or organization) One Apple Park Way Cupertino, California 95014 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (408) 996-1010 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Trading Title of each class symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share AAPL The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 1.000% Notes due 2022 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 1.375% Notes due 2024 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 0.000% Notes due 2025 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 0.875% Notes due 2025 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 1.625% Notes due 2026 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 2.000% Notes due 2027 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 1.375% Notes due 2029 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 3.050% Notes due 2029 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 0.500% Notes due 2031 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC 3.600% Notes due 2042 — The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Lopez Et Al. V. Apple Inc
    Case 5:19-cv-04577 Document 1 Filed 08/07/19 Page 1 of 20 1 Mark N. Todzo (Bar No. 168389) Eric S. Somers (Bar No. 139050) 2 LEXINGTON LAW GROUP 503 Divisadero Street 3 San Francisco, CA 94117 Telephone: 415-913-7800 4 Facsimile: 415-759-4112 [email protected] 5 [email protected] 6 Attorney for Plaintiffs 7 [Additional counsel on signature page.] 8 9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 10 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 11 SAN JOSE DIVISION 12 13 14 FUMIKO LOPEZ, and FUMIKO LOPEZ, as Case No.: ________________ 15 guardian of A.L., a minor, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, 16 CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT AND Plaintiffs, DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL 17 v. 18 APPLE INC., a Delaware corporation, 19 Defendant. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT AND DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL CASE NO. ____________ Case 5:19-cv-04577 Document 1 Filed 08/07/19 Page 2 of 20 1 Plaintiffs Fumiko Lopez, and Fumiko Lopez, as guardian of A.L. (collectively 2 “Plaintiffs”) complain upon knowledge as to themselves and their own actions and upon 3 information and belief as to all other matters against Defendant Apple Inc. (“Apple” or 4 “Defendant”), as follows: 5 SUMMARY OF ALLEGATIONS 6 1. This action arises from Defendant’s unlawful and intentional recording of 7 individuals’ confidential communications without their consent from approximately October 2011 8 to the present (the “Class Period”) in violation of the California Invasion of Privacy Act, Cal. 9 Penal Code §632, California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, Cal.
    [Show full text]
  • New York City Charter Revision
    Beyond the Ballot: Lesson 1- Local Government Knowledge New York City Charter Revision Pictured: Students from High School for Law and Public Service: Andell John, Ramon De Jesus & Jaela Simon Banks; and Andrew Wilkes, National Senior Director of Policy & Advocacy 2 Lesson Plans to Initiate Informed Action in 8th-12th grade New York students Fall 2018 Beyond the Ballot: Lesson 1- Local Government Knowledge TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: ● What is the City Charter and the Charter Revision Commissions, Why is this relevant, and How can I use it in my classroom? Lesson 1: Becoming Experts ● Learning about the City Charter: Students learn about the history of the City Charter and the topics covered in the document, the process for amending the New York City Charter, and the current Charter Revision Commissions. Students then work in groups to interact with the City Charter and end the day by deciding what general topic they want to focus on for Day 2. Lesson 2: Making Decisions and Taking Action ● Interacting with the Charter: Students focus on a specific topic that they want to amend or revise and take action on. Students then draft a document communicating what change (amendment or revision) that they wish to make to the City Charter. If time permits, students can present topic to mock Charter Revision Commission or share it with classmates in small groups. Appendix: ● Appendix A: Lesson 1 - Do Now Handout ● Appendix B: Lesson 1 - Video Clip ● Appendix C: Lesson 1 - Charter Commission 2019 Flier ● Appendix D: Lesson 1 - Reading on City
    [Show full text]
  • CITIZEN Bluetooth Watch W410 Instruction Manual
    ENGLISH CITIZEN Bluetooth Watch W410 Instruction manual Thank you for your purchase of this Citizen watch. CONTENTS Before using the watch, read this instruction manual carefully to ensure correct use. After reading the manual, store it in a safe place for future reference. Before using this watch ...........................................................2 Be sure to visit the Citizen website at http://www.citizenwatch-global.com/ . Some models may be equipped with enhanced features functions such as slide Dedicated app .......................................................................................2 rules and tachymeters. You can also see how to use such features and functions, Band adjustment ...................................................................................2 which is not covered with the instruction manual, in the web site. Protective stickers .................................................................................2 To check the movement number How to use a specially designed crown/button .......................................2 A case number—4 alphanumeric characters and 6 or more alphanumeric Component identification .......................................................2 characters—is engraved on the case back. The first 4 characters of the case number represent the movement number of Functions available with the connection ..................................3 the watch. Functions available through the dedicated app ............................3 In the example, “ ” is the movement number. Functions
    [Show full text]
  • A Citizen Incident Reporting Tool
    NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS SCHOOL OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION BSc THESIS CIR – A Citizen Incident Reporting tool Athanasios A. Filippidis Supervisors: Alexios Delis, Professor NKUA Maria Roussou, Assistant Professor NKUA ATHENS MARCH 2019 ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΘΕΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΛΕΠΙΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΩΝ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ CIR – A Citizen Incident Reporting tool Αθανάσιος Α. Φιλιππίδης Επιβλέποντες: Αλέξιος Δελής, Καθηγητής ΕΚΠΑ Μαρία Ρούσσου, Επίκουρος Καθηγήτρια ΕΚΠΑ ΑΘΗΝΑ ΜΑΡΤΙΟΣ 2019 BSc THESIS CIR – A Citizen Incident Reporting tool Athanasios A. Filippidis S.N.: 1115201400215 SUPERVISORS: Alexios Delis, Professor NKUA Maria Roussou, Assistant Professor NKUA ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ CIR – A Citizen Incident Reporting tool Αθανάσιος Α. Φιλιππίδης Α.Μ.: 1115201400215 ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΟΝΤΕΣ: Αλέξιος Δελής, Καθηγητής ΕΚΠΑ Μαρία Ρούσσου, Επίκουρος Καθηγήτρια ΕΚΠΑ ABSTRACT To date, the main and possibly the only way to report a public incident (e.g., a fallen tree blocking a street) to the authorities is only by phone, email which is time-consuming and rather inefficient. Moreover, people of every age, day by day are using more and more their smartphones. A solution to the aforementioned problem could be found by taking advantage of that new habit people tend to have. The solution proposed in this thesis, is an Android application through which everyone will be able to capture an incident using their phone by getting a picture of the incident, write a short description and send it as simply and quickly as possible. The application attaches the exact coordinates of the user when the picture was taken, gives the user the option of choosing the level of the emergency and adds those to the information available regarding the problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizen Journalism in the Global News Arena: China's New Media Critics
    CCHAPTERH A P T E R EEIGHTEENI G H T E E N Citizen Journalism IN THE Global News Arena: China’s New Media Critics STEPHEN D. REESE AND JIA DAI Optimists about globalization often argue that its processes inexorably yield greater transparency. Powerful pressure is being exerted on journalism itself, they observe, which must now serve multiple global audiences, many of whom are equipped with sufficient information from alternative media to challenge main- stream news reports. Professionals have been placed in dialogue with citizens, the latter with their own forms of expression distributed easily through online platforms. Traditional forms of news reporting, when subjected to such scrutiny and critique, risk appearing problematic. A particularly compelling example of this practice of journalistic critique is found in China, where in spite of remarkable strides in economic and social devel- opment, the likelihood of greater transparency has been brought into question. A highly developed communication structure provides ever-growing capacity for citizen journalism and public deliberation but provokes government attempts at control. The number of Chinese internet users now surpasses that of the United States, but centrally guided human monitoring and computerized filtering con- tinue, leading to direct and self-censorship. Official management of the online environment does not mean, however, that significant openings within the society have not taken place, but they must be understood in the right framework. Here we want to consider this deliberative space with particular interest in the forum it provides for media criticism by citizen journalists. Indeed, we may go so far as to TThorsen_Chapter18.inddhorsen_Chapter18.indd 222121 22/20/2009/20/2009 22:51:13:51:13 PPMM 222 | STEPHEN D.
    [Show full text]
  • IBM Mobilefirst in Action for Mgovernment and Citizen Mobile Services
    Front cover IBM MobileFirst in Action for mGovernment and Citizen Mobile Services Understand key focus areas for implementing a successful mobile government Learn about IBM MobileFirst products to support an mGovernment solution Review practical use cases and scenarios Tien Nguyen Amit Goyal Subodh Manicka M Hazli M Nadzri Bhargav Perepa Sudhir Singh Jeff Tennenbaum ibm.com/redbooks Redpaper International Technical Support Organization IBM MobileFirst in Action for mGovernment and Citizen Mobile Services April 2015 REDP-5168-00 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page vii. First Edition (April 2015) This paper applies to IBM MobileFirst™ enterprise software. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2015. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . vii Trademarks . viii Preface . ix Authors. ix Now you can become a published author, too! . xi Comments welcome. xi Stay connected to IBM Redbooks . xii Chapter 1. Mobile government overview . 1 1.1 Government, eGovernment, and mGovernment. 2 1.1.1 eGovernment . 2 1.1.2 mGovernment . 3 1.1.3 eGovernment and mGovernment comparisons . 4 1.2 The mobility landscape in government solutions . 6 1.2.1 Maturity model in public sector mobile transformation . 7 1.2.2 Common drivers and focus areas in mGovernment . 9 1.3 mGovernment interactions . 10 1.3.1 Government to citizen (G2C) applications . 11 1.3.2 Government to employee (G2E) applications . 12 1.3.3 Government to government (G2G) applications . 12 1.3.4 Government to business (G2B) applications.
    [Show full text]