International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 8903-8912 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu GROUND WATER ANALYSIS IN SRIPERUMBUDUR
S.Rajesh, Saritha Chakravarthi, Maria Subashini Assistant Professor , Dept. of Civil Engineering Centre of Excellence for Environmental Science & Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai- 600073. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract- The study attempts to analyses the water must be free of germs and chemicals and must be resource availability and its condition in clear. The analysis of physical, chemical and sriperambudur area .It studies about the water level and its quality of the study area, and examine the biological properties is essential and the variation condition of water resource and its impact on local shows the quality of water. community. The region is facing problems related to water level and quality due to industrial Groundwater is of major importance in providing pollution, Water scarcity in part of the district due the main water supply, and is intensively exploited to unfavourable hydro geological set up (sriperambudur area). The area faces an alarming for private, domestic and industrial use in many situation related to ground water and its level of urban centers of the developing world. At the same availability. The study attempts to explore the need of water resources for agriculture and industrial of time, the subsurface was come to serve, for much the region. The base map of sriperambudur urban centers. It is a necessary input for many prepared from survey of India Tope sheet on 1:250,000 scale. Temporal variation of water sectors of the global economy. Almost in all the quality analysis will be using SPSS software. developing countries availability and access of Rainfall data will be converted to spatially for annual rainfall using GIS Tool. Satellite imagery freshwater largely determines the state of economic has been used for land use and land cover using growth and social development. The sources of remote sensing. water supply to the area are through hand-dug Introduction wells, boreholes and surface water. These sources GENERAL Water is said to be life since it controls most aspect of water supply especially from the hand-dug wells of life. Freshwater made up of below 3% of the and surface water are polluted due to anthropogenic world’s water resources but it is still regarded as the activities[8-14]. world’s most important natural resources. Water is Sriperumpudhur is the important industrial place in also essential for the healthy growth of kancheepuram, Sriperumbudur has seen rapid environment[1-7]. It acts as a universal solvent. It is industrialization, attracting huge investments due to most important that the water which people drink its proximity of upcoming Chennai Air port,
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infrastructure growth. There is no literature survey 2. To analysis the ground water samples in has been done on the quality of water in laboratory and result comparison with the standards Sriperumpudhur taluk which is an upcoming 3. Comparing the water quality to the drinking industrial place of kancheepuram District in water standards by graphical methods Tamilnadu[15-22]. NEED FOR STUDY Kancheepuram district lakes receive partially treated and untreated sewage effluent, sewage Groundwater quality is a function of its polluted surface run-off and untreated effluent from physical and chemical parameters. nearby residence and industrial areas. The lakes are Industrial production without adequate further polluted by indiscriminate throwing of regard for environmental impacts has household, clinical, pathological & commercial increase water and air pollution and has led waste and discharge of spent fuel and human to soil degradation. excreta. In fact, the lakes, tanks, ponds has become Groundwater pollution is an introduction of a dumping ground of all kinds of solid, liquid and certain pollutants into the groundwater waste of bank-side population[23-28]. which reduces the quality of groundwater making its use very limited. Groundwater Quality Increasing population and urbanization leads With increasing industrialization, urbanization and to using various chemicals and synthetic growth of population, India’s environment has products are the main causes of groundwater become fragile and has been causing concern pollution[29-34]. Pollution of water is due to increased human population, industrialization, use of fertilizers in STUDY AREA agriculture and manmade activity Sriperambudur is a town Panchayat in the Indian Once the groundwater contaminated, its quality state of Tamil Nadu located 40 kilometers cannot be restored by stopping the pollutants from southwest of the city of Chennai on the national the source therefore it becomes very important to highway 4. It is known for being the birthplace of regularly monitor the quality of groundwater. sri ramanuja, one of the most prominent hindu saints . the former Indian prime minister rajiv OBJECTIVE Gandhi was assassinated here in 1991 . since 2000 , 1. To collect ground water samples from the various sriperambudur has seen rapid industrialization. locations in study area.
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The parameters analysed to assess the water quality are broadly divided into:
Physical parameters: Colour, Temperature. Chemical parameters: pH, Turbidity, chloride, sulphate Dissolved Oxygen, BOD(biochemical oxygen demand)
SAMPLING LOCATIONS
A total of ten water samples were collected from the selected locations throughout the study area. . The collected samples were preserved by adding appropriate reagents in laboratory to determine the water quality analysis[35-42]. These samples were analyzed for different parameters as shown in Table 4.1
TABLE :- PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SRIPERAMBUDUR
Figure 3.1 Study area Map METHODOLOGY The following methodology is adopted in this project :
LITERATURE REVIEW
STUDY AREA LOCATION COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
TESTING OF SAMPLES
COMPARISAN WITH WHO STANDARDS
RESULT AND DISCUSSION ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL
PARAMETERS
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direction or flux level through the sample. Correlation of turbidity with the weight or particle
number concentration of suspended matter is RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS pH difficult because the size[46-50], shape, and The pH level of the drinking water is a refractive index of the particles affect the light- measure of how acidic or basic it is pH is related to scattering properties of the suspension. The the hydrogen ions in water and stands for “potential presence of dissolved, colour-causing substances of hydrogen.” pH generally denotes presence of that absorb light may cause a negative interference. hydrogen ions in water[43-45]. The pH of a solution Some commercial instruments may have the is the negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion capability of either correcting for slight colour concentration in moles per liter. pH is dependent on interference or optically blanking out the colour the carbon dioxide-carbonate-bicarbonate effect. equilibrium. pH values ranged from 7.0 to 8.5 with an average value of 7.7 indicating the alkaline nature of water samples.
Fig 5.2 TURBIDITY Graph
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
The values of BOD observed are ranged from 2.0 to
Fig 5.1 pH Graph 3.6 mg/l According to the ISI 1991 prescribed limit of BOD in drinking water ranges from 1 to 3mg/l ,It
TURBIDITY exceeds in the sample 4 and 5 indicates the extent of
Turbidity in water is the range of 0.8 to6.2. It is pollution caused by suspended and colloidal matter such as clay, silt, finely divided organic and inorganic matter, and plankton and other microscopic organisms. Turbidity is an expression of the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted with no change in
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The dissolved oxygen is one of the properties in the water assessment. The optimum level of dissolved oxygen in waters is 4 – 6 ppm. The dissolved oxygen in sample 4 was higher than the permissible limit This indicates there was no organic pollution occurred and does not affect the aquatic life
. Fig 5.3 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Graph CHLORIDE Chloride occurs in all natural waters in widely varying concentrations. The chloride contents normally increase as the mineral contents increases. At concentration above 250 mg/l, water acquires salty taste which is objectionable[43-45]. However, no adverse health effects on humans have been Fig 5.5 DISSOLVED OXYGEN Graph reported from intake of water containing highest SULPHATE content of chloride. If the water with high chloride concentration is used for construction purpose, this The concentration of sulphate in the study area may corrode the concrete. In our study the chloride ranged from 11 to 97mg/l .The sulphate ranges from 300-1000 which shows the increase of concentration of recommended limit is from 200- mineral content in study area 400 mg/l Turbidity of water may be due to the clay or slit finely divided organic and inorganic matters not by Iron content[7-12], then on standing the turbidity decreases Turbidity can be removed by Alum treatment. Ground water (Tube wells) has high Total Dissolved salts compared to the surface water When organic level high, the Dissolved Oxygen level in water decreases and affects the aquatic life at site 4 than the other site.BOD were
sufficient to support aquatic life Fig 5.4 CHLORIDE Graph DISSOLVED OXYGEN
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