APRIL 2018 | VOL 176 | NO 3
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION TITANIUM PART II P. 1 8
Ceramic Reinforced 25 Metal Matrix Composites
Sample Preparation 30 for EBSD
ASM Reference 35 Publications Catalog
APRIL 2018 | VOL 176 | NO 3
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION TITANIUM PART II P. 1 8
Ceramic Reinforced 25 Metal Matrix Composites
Sample Preparation 30 for EBSD
ASM Reference 35 Publications Catalog
2
18 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED On the Cover: TITANIUM: A HISTORIC AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVE The U.S. Navy’s George H.W. Bush CVN 77 aircraft carrier PART II uses a significant amount Francis H. (Sam) Froes and Ashraf Imam of titanium for its mainmast Among the structural materials developed in the 20th century, titanium and its alloys platforms. have played a leading role in improving component performance.
33 59 72 SMST SHOW PREVIEW ASM NEWS 3D PRINTSHOP Experts from around the world are The monthly publication about ASM Learn what’s new in additive headed to SMST 2018 in Ireland to members, chapters, events, awards, manufacturing from the NYU Tandon review and assess recent advances and conferences, affiliates, and other School of Engineering and the DOE’s future directions in shape memory and Society activities. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. superelastic technology. 3 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
APRIL 2018 | VOL 176 | NO 3
FEATURES
25 INTRODUCING NANOSCALE CERAMIC PARTICLES INTO METAL MATRICES Rishi Raj Melt-injection of organic precursors may result in revolutionary technologies for producing ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite castings.
30 TECHNICAL SPOTLIGHT SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR EBSD Because electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a surface-sensitive technique, preparing the sample surface so that it is smooth and free of defects is crucial to 25 successful analysis.
35 ASM REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS CATALOG Our vast, authoritative reference library offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information. 30 4935
Advanced Materials & Processes (ISSN 0882-7958, USPS 762080) publishes eight issues per year: January, February/March, April, May/June, July/August, September, TRENDS INDUSTRY NEWS DEPARTMENTS October and November/December, by ASM International, 9639 Kinsman Road, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002; tel: 4 Editorial 8 Metals/Polymers/Ceramics 69 Stress Relief 440.338.5151; fax: 440.338.4634. Periodicals postage paid at Novelty, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Vol. 176, 6 Feedback 10 Testing/Characterization 69 Classifieds No. 3, APRIL 2018. Copyright © 2018 by ASM Interna- tional®. All rights reserved. Distributed at no charge to 7 OMG! 12 Process Technology 71 Advertisers Index ASM members in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. International members can pay a $30 per year surcharge to 13 Emerging Technology 71 Special Advertising Section receive printed issues. Subscriptions: $475. Single copies: $51. POSTMASTER: Send 3579 forms to ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002. 14 Energy Trends 71 Editorial Preview Change of address: Request for change should include old address of the subscriber. Missing numbers due to “change 16 Surface Engineering 72 3D PrintShop of address” cannot be replaced. Claims for nondelivery must be made within 60 days of issue. Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement No. 40732105. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: 700 Dowd Ave., Elizabeth, NJ 07201. Printed by Publishers Press Inc., Shepherdsville, Ky.
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ASM International serves materials professionals, nontechnical personnel, and managers wordwide by providing high-quality materials information, education and training, networking opportunities, and professional development resources in cost-effective and user-friendly formats. ASM is where materials users, producers, and manufacturers converge to do business. 4 SPRING HAS SPRUNG ASM International AT ASM 9639 Kinsman Road, Materials Park, OH 44073 Tel: 440.338.5151 • Fax: 440.338.4634 elcome to the spring edition of AM&P! We hope April finds you in a state of thaw. Here in the Mid- Frances Richards, Editor-in-Chief west, we’re in the midst of either the spring of de- [email protected] W ception or third winter, depending on the day. Our seasons Joanne Miller, Editor are as follows: winter, fool’s spring, second winter, spring of [email protected] deception, third winter, mud season, actual spring, summer, Ed Kubel, Larry Berardinis, and Erika Steinberg, Contributing Editors false fall, second summer (one week), and actual fall. Don’t Jim Pallotta, Creative Director worry though—the nasty weather is not putting a damper on [email protected] our productivity. Jan Nejedlik, Layout and Design For starters, we hope you enjoy Kelly Sukol, Production Manager the second half of the titanium perspec- [email protected] tive that began last issue. Authors Sam Press Release Editor [email protected] Froes and Ashraf Imam do a terrific job in summarizing the development of ti- EDITORIAL COMMITTEE tanium into one of the most important Adam Farrow, Chair, Los Alamos National Lab structural materials of the 20th century Vice Chair, EPRI ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED John Shingledecker, and beyond. Their article also gives us a Somuri Prasad, Past Chair, Sandia National Lab Ellen Cerreta, Board Liaison, Los Alamos nice excuse to run some beautiful Navy National Lab images of the George H.W. Bush CVN 77 Tomasz Chojnacki, Caterpillar Inc. aircraft carrier, which uses a goodly Mario Epler, Carpenter Technology Corp. Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota amount of titanium in its mainmast Nia Harrison, Ford Motor Company plat-forms. Seeing the wide range of Yaakov Idell, NIST real-world applications for titanium and all of the other innovative materials we Hideyuki Kanematsu, Suzuka National College of Technology write about is truly the most fascinating part of this job. As the engineers and Scott Olig, U.S. Naval Research Lab scientists who make these applications possible through painstaking research Anand Somasekharan, Los Alamos National Lab and sheer trial and error, we salute you. Kumar Sridharan, University of Wisconsin Jaimie Tiley, U.S. Air Force Research Lab On the opposite end of the spectrum is Rishi Raj’s forward-looking article on introducing nanoscale ceramic particles into metal matrices. As an emerging ASM BOARD OF TRUSTEES technology very much in the early stages of development, the final outcome may Frederick E. Schmidt, Jr., President and Chair be revolutionary—super strong and versatile ceramic reinforced metal-matrix of the Board composite castings. We look forward to keeping tabs on this technology. David U. Furrer, Vice President William E. Frazier, Immediate Past President Finally, we hope you’ll take a few moments to page through our beautiful Craig D. Clauser, Treasurer spring catalog beginning on page 35. We have several new and exciting offerings Prem K. Aurora Ellen K. Cerreta along with the tried and true materials information that is the lifeblood of ASM. If Ryan M. Deacon you need to round out your materials knowledge, you’ve come to the right place. Larry D. Hanke Among our new offerings is the highly anticipated labor of love, “The His- Roger A. Jones Thomas M. Moore tory of Metals in America” by Charles Simcoe. As you may recall, Simcoe wrote Sudipta Seal more than 40 “Metallurgy Lane” articles for AM&P over the past few years. This Judith A. Todd historical department became one of our most popular magazine series ever. John D. Wolodko William T. Mahoney, Secretary and Simcoe then added to this material and completed his book just before passing Chief Executive Officer away at the age of 93. For anyone interested in the development of American industry or the science of metallurgy, this book is a must read. Simcoe’s series STUDENT BOARD MEMBERS begins in Massachusetts in 1645, in the British Colonies at the Saugus Iron Works. Mari-Therese Burton, Olga Eliseeva, These early days of ironmaking were the precursors of our domestic steel in- Jonathan Healy dustry and Simcoe does a fantastic job of chronicling this history over the next Individual readers of Advanced Materials & Processes may, without charge, make single copies of pages therefrom for per- 350 years. With more than 150 images, the new book is also a pleasure to look sonal or archival use, or may freely make such copies in such at. Check out page 7 in the catalog for more information. As always, feel free to numbers as are deemed useful for educational or research purposes and are not for sale or resale. Permission is granted contact us with any questions or comments. to cite or quote from articles herein, provided customary acknowledgment of the authors and source is made. The acceptance and publication of manuscripts in Advanced Materials & Processes does not imply that the reviewers, editors, or publisher accept, approve, or endorse the data, [email protected] opinions, and conclusions of the authors.
6 FEEDBACK
INFECTION-FIGHTING COPPER NOT A RELIC OF THE PAST It was with keen interest that I read works, say titanium?” the “Feedback” letter from Chuck Do- Note that stainless steel hogne [January issue] sent in response is mandated as the ex- to my co-authored article, “Copper Al- perimental control ma- loys Resurface as an Antimicrobial terial by the U.S. EPA Force” [October 2017]. I am pleased to and is widely used in mi- respond with facts rather than resort crobiology labs. Stain- to glib comments and misleading opin- less steel, like titanium, ions, as this writer does. Dohogne states has no inherent ability that copper “was very high tech—3500 to kill bacteria and thus years ago!” Copper is not a relic resid- neither “works.” Do- ing only in the periodic table. Copper hogne goes on to say, “A alloys continue to be widely used in bit of UV light and every- ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED large quantities in the modern era due thing is gone, bacteria, to unique properties such as high elec- viruses, mold spores, A typical patient room retrofitted with copper alloy compo- trical and thermal conductivity, corro- and biofilms.” The ox- nents. Four of the six copper retrofits are visible, including the sion resistance, ease of fabrication, and ide that naturally forms over-the-bed table, IV pole, data input device (touch screen their ability to kill bacteria and prevent on the surface of titani- bezel), and caps on the bed rails. hospital-acquired infections. um is titanium dioxide, He further states that copper al- a photocatalytic material. When titani- of the surface area of the rooms, these loys “would make for lots of new jobs um is exposed to UV, it oxidizes and kills components were the most frequently polishing all that brass.” However, a tar- bacteria. Thus, the combination of ti- touched items. The trial continued until nish-resistant copper-nickel alloy was tanium surfaces and UV is antimicrobi- the results were deemed to be statisti- used in the clinical trial. It is in the same al. Titanium by itself has no antimicro- cally significant. A remarkable 58% re- family of alloys that coat the surfaces bial effect. More importantly, without duction in infection was achieved com- of U.S. coins (nickels, dimes, and quar- UV, oxidized titanium surfaces are im- pared to infection rates measured in the ters). These copper-nickel alloys do not mediately re-contaminated after being control rooms—much better than “al- normally tarnish and typically are not touched with a contaminated glove or most nothing.” polished. hand. UV light can be highly effective on A multipronged approach is need- Dohogne then cites my “recurring all materials, including copper, even if ed to fight hospital infections. It should mention of 99% (reduction of live bac- they are not photocatalytic. However, include good hygienic and infection teria in laboratory testing)” as mean- in contrast to the combination of titani- control practices—as well as new tech- ing “absolutely nothing.” As an aside, um and UV, copper alloys keep reducing nologies such as copper alloys and UV the reduction in bacteria was only men- bacteria on a 24/7 basis without requir- light—in order to achieve optimum re- tioned once and it is 99.9% rather than ing hospital staff time. sults. Sooner or later, most of us wind 99%. More importantly, the writer ap- Dohogne further states that, “Ma- up in the hospital. If and when you are parently fails to appreciate that a near- terials cost means nothing for medi- a patient, I hope that copper alloys are ly two orders of magnitude reduction cal applications.” This may be true for one of the tools used by your hospital of infectious bacteria is significant and surgical joint implants covered by in- to protect you from infections. They not trivial. It should be noted that cop- surance. However, hospital adminis- really work. per alloys have the ability to keep kill- trators are very conscious about the Harold T. Michels ing bacteria and protecting humans cost of components that come out of ASM Life Member when the surface is re-contaminated, their budgets. In a multi-hospital clini- all without human intervention. cal trial, six components made of cop- He also states that, “Instead of per alloys were placed in random pa- We welcome all comments and sugges- stainless steel, the comparison should tient rooms. Although the copper alloy tions. Send letters to frances.richards@ have been made with something that components comprised less than 10% asminternational.org. 7 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 - - - observa- “The most outstanding er,” says research leader Liangbing Hu leader says research er,” En- of School Clark James A. UMD’s of be a competitor gineering. “This could also It’s alloys. or even titanium steel to but much fiber, carbon to comparable could This kind of wood less expensive. airplanes, buildings— be used in cars, is used.” steel where any application new the wood also tested team The shooting by wood and natural material at it. projectiles The projectile bulletlike wood the natural through blew straight the stopped wood while the treated through. partway projectile of a is the existence tion, in my view, of lignin, the limiting concentration maximize to cells, wood glue between of the performance the mechanical much little or too Too densified wood. compared the strength lowers removal achieved at inter a maximum value to This lignin removal. or partial mediate between the subtle balance reveals adhesion and the bonding hydrogen - com polyphenolic a such by imparted that wood is the fact pound. Moreover both increased to leads densification properties two and toughness, strength explains other,” each that usually offset Uni at Aalto a professor Orlando Rojas, in Finland. umd.edu. versity many titanium alloys. “This new way to to new “This alloys. way many titanium it 12 times stronger makes wood treat and 10 times tough wood than natural , Liangbing Hu and Teng Li discovered a way to a way Li discovered , Liangbing Hu and Teng - - - - - om left Fr than and tougher than 10 times stronger more wood make of UMD. Courtesy ever before.
For more information: information: more For OMG! Engineers at the Uni- Engineers “Vibranium as a structural and as a structural “Vibranium versity of Maryland,versity Col- recently (UMD) Park lege make to how discovered than 10 times more wood than tougher and stronger a creating ever before, that is substance natural than stronger reportedly TIMBER AS STRONG STRONG AS TIMBER TITANIUM AS active panelist at comic conventions, conventions, at comic panelist active StarTalk a on appeared recently he at AwesomeCon/Smithso- panel Live! Ste great the late with FutureCon nian phen Hawking to discuss advanced ma discuss advanced phen Hawking to humanity to of taking capable terials and beyond. Mars In the advancement. me of materials suit can that Black Panther’s same way power him and provide both protect be could vehicles future his feats, for are that frames structural with made col them to allowing also batteries, sources,” energy renewable lect from scientists and en says Mathaudhu. “As trying develop real are we to gineers, that mimic these materials metallic properties.” functional material offers the epito offers material functional [email protected], www.ucr.edu.
------OUTRAGEOUS MATERIALS GOODNESS MATERIALS OUTRAGEOUS The latest Marvel film The latest Studios and on both real details more For Panther image courtesy of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Disney Studios of Walt courtesy image Panther From left, the Black Panther and ASM superhero Suveen Mathaudhu, FASM. Mathaudhu, Suveen Panther and ASM superhero left, the Black From “Black Panther” hit the big screen on hit the big screen “Black Panther” showcased again February 16 and once vibranium. the fictional supermaterial in the 2016 Marvel film “Cap- Previously, Panther Black Civil War,” America: tain leaving by his powers demonstrated nearly America’s on Captain scratches sense indestructible shield. This makes weap and suit Panther’s Black because shield are America’s ons and Captain which is only all made of vibranium, of kingdom in Black Panther’s available is a fictional me Vibranium Wakanda. and release store element that can tallic ma making it a highly versatile energy, cinematic universe. in Marvel’s terial ASM su materials, imagined strategic Mathaudhu, FASM, Suveen perhero about the scientific speaks frequently ele phenomena underpinning various Mathaudhu, ments such as vibranium. science of materials professor assistant engineering at the and mechanical also Riverside, of California, University issues in global the complex addresses ad for availability materials strategic As an avid comic technologies. vanced Mathaudhu fan, book and superhero scientific consult provides regularly An industry. the entertainment ing to ASM SUPERHERO VETS SUPERHERO ASM VIBRANIUM
8 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 ALUMINUM? SUPERMAN, MAN OF... methods to alter themicrostructure ty, WestLafayette, Ind.,demonstrated BRIEFS vices, welding solutions,electrical fine metal powders for itsSandvik over plantto $2.4millioninanew Rockford, Ill.Rogers provides gal- quired allassets andoutstanding manufacture titanium andnickel vanizing services to a multi-state equipment, andengineered ser equipment, vices to thepower industry—ac shares ofRogers Brothers Co., raw material supplyandcenter Materials Technology division. AZZ Inc.,Fort Worth,Texas—a Production will begin in2020. provider ofmetal coating ser area azz.com. intheMidwest. company’s in-housetitanium Sandviken, Sweden, near the Sweden,Sandvik, willinvest The facility willbelocated in for additive manufacturing. Postdoctoral research associate anddoctoral SichuangXue, left, student QiangLi Marshall Farthing. work oncreating super-strong aluminumalloys. Courtesy ofPurdue University/ Researchers atPurdue Universi www.home.sandvik/en. METALS |POLYMERS |CERAMICS - - - - called magnetron sputtering to induce Purdue team alsousedaprocedure just tens ofnanometers inwidth.The ed inadeformation-induced 9Rphase ejects theparticles at600m/s,result tile impact testing technique, which aluminum. Thelaser-induced projec yielding ashock-induced 9Rphasein micro-projectiles ofsilicon dioxide, ed ultrathin aluminumfilmswithtiny Rice University, Houston, bombard- gy. Acollaborating research group at aluminum’s highstacking fault ener stumped scientistsinthepast dueto structure—athe crystal goal thathas of “stacking faults,” ordistortions in nanotwins anda9Rphase,two types metal is produced by introducing thermal stability. super-strong Thenew steel alongwithincreased ductility and aluminum alloys withthestrength of of nanograined aluminumto create and 3Dprinting. ornl.gov. called silanesto polylacticacid—abiobased plasticusedinpackaging, polymer by addingtinyamountsof silicon-baseded thenew materials for additive manufacturing andpackaging applications. Theteam creat with improved manufacturability a super-tough renewable plastic al Laboratory, Tenn., developed Researchers at OakRidge Nation-
- - - RECYCLING RATES DRIVING UP polylactic acid. polylactic acid. Halil Tekinalp combines silanesand melted in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) recovered elements,whichcould be used inninespecificsteel alloys. The tomotive scrap could be recycled and that 94-99% of theseelements in au of theloop. Researchers determined mium, nickel, andmolybdenum—out asmanganese,elements—such chro gether for iron, leaving specificalloy recycling, parts are usually lumped to While Japan mandates automobile associated greenhouse gas emissions. million onraw materials andcutting saving steelmakers inthatcountry $287 alloy elementsto over 97%inJapan, categories could hike recycling rates of that sorting scrap car parts into eight at Tohoku University, Japan, reveals automobile industries.purdue.edu. alloy coatings for theelectronics and wear andcorrosion-resistant aluminum The discovery could find application in ed, comparable to high-strength steels. strongest aluminum alloys creat ever alloy coatings proved to beoneofthe resulting nanotwinnedaluminum-iron into aluminum’s structure. crystal The a 9Rphaseby introducing iron atoms A study conducted by researchers
- - - - - 9 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 ------When the alloy’s composition and and composition alloy’s When the ture—critical for high magnetism— for ture—critical bulk. in only 25% to When compared iron-co combined previously scientists binarybalt high-magnet with alloys the loss metals, transition ic-moment resulted. structure their bcc of much of ab with x-ray examined are structure and reflection sorption spectroscopy the diffraction, high-energy-electron re dichroism circular magnetic x-ray moment atomic an average sults show Con per atom. Bohr magnetons 3.25 of sample magnetom vibrating ventional of 2.72—lower, a value etry registers the Slater-Pauling above but still well pos expand could limit. advance The field of spin- sibilities in the growing spins electron which exploits tronics, battery prolong to than charge rather montana.edu, devices. in solid-state life lbl.gov.
- - -
Scientists from Montana State Uni State Montana from Scientists versity, Bozeman, and Lawrence Berk- Lawrence and Bozeman, versity, devel- Calif., eley National Laboratory, thin film made of iron, oped a stable with an aver and manganese cobalt, 50% moment potentially atomic age limit. than the Slater-Pauling greater magnetization alloy’s The ternary bcc per magnetons density of 3.25 Bohr the previously busts through atom the make 2.45. To of ceiling accepted used molecular beam film, researchers - individu where a technique epitaxy, ap meticulously are atoms al metal a into layered and substrate a to plied As a 10-20 nm film of Fe9Co62Mn29. - avail of the 60% roughly film, thin struc- bcc the kept able compositions RECORD-SMASHING RECORD-SMASHING HAS ALLOY MAGNETIC MOMENT ITS - - Schematic compares recycling of sorted recycling Schematic compares of in terms parts car scrap and non-sorted alloy elements. recovering and incorporated into products such such products into incorporated and ulti could and bars, plates, as coils, of the new about 10% replace mately This EAF steelmakers. used by material a big into translates small percentage to up save could Steelmakers impact: and alloys spent on 15.2% currently emissions asso gas greenhouse reduce 28.3%. by with the new material ciated www.tohoku.ac.jp. 10 TESTING | CHARACTERIZATION
CRUDE OIL CHARACTERIZATION COMBATS CORROSION Researchers at Chevron, San Ra- mon, Calif., and the University of Sas- katchewan, Canada, developed a meth- od of x-ray spectroscopy to identify and characterize the specific sulfur com- pounds in crude oil that can corrode equipment. The results of their ongoing experiments at the Stanford Synchro- tron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) will ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED Left, EPR spectroscope. Right, EPR measurement detects lithium plating. Courtesy of allow scientists to better anticipate cor- TUM/FZ Jülich. rosion rates and improve oil industry guidelines. To develop their new method, cell that was both compatible with EPR FLIPPING OUT OVER QUICK- researchers started with sulfur K-edge spectroscopy and exhibited good elec- CHARGING BATTERIES x-ray absorption spectroscopy, then trochemical properties. Electrons were tuned the energy range to just the Scientists at the Technical Univer- placed in an externally applied, static “tender x-rays”—those that occupy the sity of Munich and the Jülich Institute magnetic field, and unpaired electrons middle ground between high and low of Energy and Climate Research, both in the sample were “sounded out” energy. This allowed the scientists to in Germany, developed a new process using microwaves. This stimulated the untangle the overlapping information that allows direct observation of lithium electrons to flip, and the phenomenon plating in lithium-ion batteries for the was measured by the associated drop first time. During rapid charging, lithium in microwave radiation intensity. ions can accumulate as a solid metallic The new observation method can layer on the outside of a Li-ion battery differentiate between metallic lithium anode, reducing battery capacity and plating and the lithium embedded in lifespan, and even causing batteries to graphite anodes, and the cell’s unique short circuit or ignite. To develop their rod-shaped geometry allows a sample new electron paramagnetic resonance to be exposed to the magnetic field (EPR) spectroscopy method of obser- but not the electric field. The new pro- vation, the researchers designed a test cess, which allows researchers to de- Using x-ray techniques, scientists are termine the maximum charging cur- developing an analysis tool to more rent before lithium plating sets in, accurately predict how sulfur compounds BRIEFS could lead to development of more in a batch of crude oil might corrode functional quick-charging batteries. equipment. Courtesy of iStockphoto. Verder Scientific, Germany, www.tum.de/en, fz-juelich.de/portal/en. com/SLAC. acquired the majority of hardness testing machine manufacturer Qness, Austria. Qness special- izes in custom test lines and its Nordson Corp., Westlake, Ohio, acquired Sonoscan Inc., Elk Grove machines—which comply with Village, Ill., a designer and manufacturer of acoustic microscopes and recognized standards like Brinell, micro imaging systems. Sonoscan equipment is used in microelectronic, Vickers, Knoop, and Rockwell— automotive, aerospace, and industrial electronics assembly applications. are used for both industrial appli- nordson.com. cations and materials research. verder-scientific.com. 11 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 - - - damage: A larger population of voids voids of population larger A damage: fail of fiber higher chance a means using small-angle analyses Past ure. were measurements scattering x-ray less they were because inconclusive smaller than 5 nm. voids to sensitive develop to lead could The new results body current to ment of alternatives or help fine-tune armor technologies used for currently the amount of fibers com more to leading these products, nist.gov. gear. fortable - - - Developed using the intense pos Developed intense using the itron beam facility at North Carolina North Carolina at facility beam itron Nuclear PULSTAR University’s State uses posi the new method Reactor, spectroscopy lifetime annihilation tron molecular-level a provide to (PALS) materials. of viewstructure the of ballistic into injecting positrons By if determined first researchers fibers, cre smaller than 5 nm were any voids Then using PALS, during folding. ated levels that void discovered researchers of folding veryare indicators sensitive
------Scientists at the National Institute Scientists at the National Institute First responders are among those whose are responders First the lives depend on body armor—and of inside of them. Courtesy fibers ballistic Shutterstock/NIST. of Standards and Technology (NIST), (NIST), and Technology of Standards Md., developeda new Gaithersburg, investigate to method characterization used in fibers the high-performance insight providing body armor, modern development of to lead that could bul- dependable and comfortable more pro of the failure After gear. letproof made of second-genera gear tective a of death the led to fibers ballistic tion that revealed tests 2003, in officer police during normal experienced the creasing of degradation significant caused use proper mechanical critical the fibers’ strength, ties, such as stiffness, tensile new team’s The and strain-to-failure. exam tool characterization materials differ and chemical ines the structural some ballistic that cause in fibers ences during folding down break to materials their quality. maintain to and others IMPROVED TESTING ENABLES TESTING IMPROVED ARMOR BODY BETTER generated by similarities in the sulfur the sulfur in similarities by generated the com characterize and compounds This is essential pounds separately. exhibit compounds different because con sulfur total and reactivity different correlate does not directly centration crude oil Because with corrosiveness. - com number of sulfur large a contains the from subtly different pounds, each sensitive less from results past others, been have techniques characterization absorp The x-ray interpret. difficult to allows at SSRL work tion spectroscopy descrip a precise see the scientists to chemistry. sulfur tion of the crude oil’s www.usask.ca. chevron.com, 12 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 EXTREMELY LARGE TELESCOPE SMALL STEPS TOWARD mountain inChile.Schottwillmanufac- currently underconstruction atop a tory’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), ror oftheEuropean SouthernObserva- mir ments thatwillform theprimary dur, are thefirst of798individualseg low-expansion ceramic material Zero 1.4-meter hexagons, madeofSchott’s pany SchottattheirMainzfacility. The scope were cast by the German com come theworld’s largest optical tele for themainmirror ofwhatwillbe BRIEFS additive manufacturing andmetal new processnew facility development The facility willproduce spherical injection molding.Using avariety sioned Tekna Teksphero plasma powders withparticle sizes from spheroidization equipmentfor a 10-100 µmandstandard oxygen of tantalum feed materials, the Ltd., Waltham, Mass.,commis at itsBoyertown, Pa., location. tantalum andotherrefractory Global Advanced Metals Pty. first lightin2024.Courtesy ofESO/Schott. Telescope, poisedto become thelargest optical telescope intheworld whenitsees Casting ofthefirst hexagonal segments for themainmirror ofESO’s Extremely Large equipment creates spherical metal powders for advanced content from 600-1000ppm. globaladvancedmetals.com. The first sixhexagonal segments PROCESS TECHNOLOGYPROCESS TECHNOLOGY ------
GO WITH THE FLOW PRINTED CIRCUITS molds. The new techniquemolds. Thenew usesexisting steps traditional masks, etching, and a course to flexible electronics that side to directly printmetal circuits, charting University, Raleigh, invented aprocess eso.org. made for anoptical-infrared telescope. bethelargestthe humaneye—will ever of millions of times as much light as mirror—whichprimary willcollect tens tional testing. The39-meter-diameter ness of15nmbefore conducting addi and polishthemto aconsistent thick ny Safran Reosc willgrindthemto shape lowing theseprocesses, French compa ing and heat treatment sequence. Fol- ing, theblankswillundergo aslow cool day atfull production speed.After cast ments, ramping up to onesegment a rors, alongwithaset of133spare seg ture theblanksfor thefirst four ELT mir tion isexpected to begin in thethird quarter of2019.maxionwheels.com. expansion thatwilldoubleannual outputto four millionwheels. Produc production capacity oftwo millionwheels,andplansa subsequentplant pany willinitiallybuilda25,000sq-mfacility inPune,India,withannual legala new entity, Ltd. MaxionWheelsAluminumIndiaPvt. Thecom - Maxion Wheels,India,theworld’s largest wheelmanufacturer, isforming Scientists atNorthCarolina State ------
into onesquare centimeter. ncsu.edu. touch sensor, fittinga400-pixel array technology to create a high-density tional too: Researchers usedthenew pair thebreach. Thecircuits are func metal, which flows back together to re damaged area to around 70 bent or stretched too far. Heating the cuits can heal themselves after being The team alsodiscovered thatthecir when stretched to 70%oftensile strain. cuits remained electrically stable even ter beingbent1000times,andthecir circuit’s conductivity was unaffected af strates, theresearchers found thatthe circuits ononeofthesepolymersub per, andtwo stretchable polymers. different materials includingglass, pa three different alloys printed onto four has already beendemonstrated using metals andsubstrates, thetechnique a substrate. Compatible with multiple points aslow as60 inks, molten metal alloys withmelting ing processes, butinstead offunctional nology common to manymanufactur electrohydrodynamic printingtech stretchable circuits. technique forof anew printingflexible Prototype demonstrates thepotential When testing theresilience ofthe °C are printed onto °C meltsthe ------13 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 - -
Researchers have long known that long known have Researchers Final atomic configuration of the configuration Final atomic “cross-slip” process in the presence of in the presence process “cross-slip” in are Blue Mg atoms two yttrium atoms. Mg crystal environment; perfect a nearly being in the from far are yellow Mg atoms Mg crystal environment,perfect and so involved and atoms the structure indicate defect. atoms in the dislocation Red two Y solutes. indicate what’s going on in these alloys at an at alloys these in on going what’s identify can level,so that we atomic add and in what which elements to pliable.” the metal make amounts to by is caused ductility low magnesium’s - disloca moveable its small number of plas that induce defects tions—linear brittleness. The and decrease tic flow alloy that certain discovered EPFL team the num- increase substantially atoms - “cancel dislocations, ber of moveable ing out” the mechanism that makes shape. Armed with to magnesium hard high this insight,EPFL’s to they turned cal to system computing performance which mechanics via quantum culate in the result of atoms combinations still are Specific alloys highest ductility. www.epfl.ch. in the modeling stage.
------US Naval Research Laboratory Center Center Laboratory Research Naval US rity - Polytech École um bifluoride. Finally, um bifluoride. Finally, the sodium bifluoride hydrofluoric releases away acid, which eats In ad- the electronics. sealed in cavities, the in cavities, sealed vig- rubidium oxidizes heat releasing orously, poly- the vaporize to and shell carbonate the sodi decompose dition to data secu data dition to - tech the applications, serve can nology a as micro-power scalable rale de Lausanne (EPFL), édérale Scientists at the sium’s ductility when alloyed with dif ductility when alloyed sium’s magnesium elements. Because ferent than times lighter is abundant and four of inter- it has long been a metal steel, de and aerospace automotive est for ve build lighter on a quest to signers ductility, low hicles. It has incredibly use for so it must be alloyed however, “Magnesium in industrial applications. if you malleable much more becomes metals, rare-earth of atoms a few add says William or manganese,” calcium, School of at EPFL’s a professor Curtin, understand to Engineering. “We wanted nique F nique developed an atomic-scale Switzerland, in magne changes predict model to livering high peak powers for robot for powers high peak livering aerospace. cornell.edu, ic actuation. honeywell.com. momentum and electricity source, de and electricity source, momentum MODELING MAGNESIUM MODELING MAGNESIUM MALLEABILITY - - - EMERGING TECHNOLOGY EMERGING The new system consists of a sil consists The new system Researchers from Cornell Uni from Researchers A polycarbonate shell 125 microns thick after a vaporization vaporization a thick after shell 125 microns A polycarbonate its embedded rubidium and sodium bifluoride. of test Washington, showed that cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals emit halide perovskite lead that cesium showed Washington, Science, Materials Computational for and LEDs efficient lasers enables more This property light emitting materials. than conventional light much faster and sensors. communication for switching as faster use as well energy at lower emission power with larger nrl.navy.mil. In collaboration with an international team of physicists, researchers at the of physicists, researchers team with an international In collaboration icon-dioxide microchip attached to a to attached microchip icon-dioxide micro shell containing polycarbonate filled with rubidium and cavities scopic waves sodium bifluoride. When radio - graphene-on-ni the open to used are the chemicals that keep tride valves versity, Ithaca, N.Y., and Honeywell and N.Y., Ithaca, versity, Phoenix, developeda new Aerospace, via electronics vaporize to technique devices—and allowing control, remote thin into vanish data—to their sensitive The air in the event of a security breach. is at the center self-destruct ability to as known technology of an emerging in which circuits electronics, transient to be made can or portions of circuits transient While current disintegrate. moisture specific require architectures the operate, to levels or temperatures remotely triggered be can newsystem waves. using radio CIRCUITS GO POOF AT THE POOF AT CIRCUITS GO BUTTON PUSH OF A BRIEF 14 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 BRIEF University of Strathclyde, University of Andrews, St. andthe University of Warwick. www.faraday.ac.uk. ty of Bath, University of Cambridge, University of Glasgow, University of Liverpool, University of Southampton, include Oxford University, ImperialCollege London, Lancaster University, University College London, Universi compass four initial projects: solid-state electrodes, battery modeling, degradation, andrecycling. Academic partners across Great Britain are launchingathree-year initiative to advance next-gen battery technology. Thework willen Supported by $59millionfrom TheFaraday Institution, UK,ateam ofleading battery experts from universities THIN AIR CONJURING ENERGY OUT OF each ripplemeasures just10 sure about10 samples inPaul Thibado’s labmea ating an alternating Graphene current. positively charges the bottom one,cre electrode, andwhenitflipsdown, it it induces apositive charge inthetop trodes. Whenthegraphene flipsup, suspended between two metal elec a negatively charged sheet of graphene called avibration energy harvester— Inspired, theteam designedadevice sponse to theambienttemperature. each rippleflipsupanddown inre graphene hasarippledstructure, and that the freestanding observed they grid. Using ahigh-powered microscope, ior ofgraphene mounted onacopper thebehav discovery whileobserving materials. Theresearchers made their vested from the minute motions of 2D perpetual clean energy could behar kansas, Fayetteville, demonstrated that Courtesy ofRussellCothren. powered motors thatcan runonambienttemperature. Physics professor Paul Thibado designedtinygraphene- Scientists attheUniversity of Ar µm across, andwhile × 10nm, ENERGY TRENDS ------JUST GOT SMARTER SMART WINDOWS it changes structure, itscrystal it shifts phase transition ofthematerial: When ganic perovskite whileinvestigating the unique capabilities ofthistypeinor energy. Theresearchers discovered the to convert solar radiation into useable used in smartwindows to allow them ered thataform ofperovskite can be National Laboratory, Calif., discov by scientistsfrom Lawrence Livermore uark.edu. duction, andremote sensingdevices. devices, enhanced solarandwindpro It could alsobe applied in biomedical grid isunderdeveloped or nonexistent. especially in places where the energy tainable, decentralized energy systems, The work could ultimately lead to sus bient heat andthemotionofgraphene. of charging acapacitor usingonlyam duce aproof ofconcept device capable technology, researchers planto pro East Peoria, Ill.,whichlicensed the An international collaboration led
er needcharging. would nev heat, they energy from ambient because produce they er awristwatch, and could potentially pow miniscule membranes eacha result, of these as 10pWofpower. As it could yieldasmuch ny NTS Innovations, notechnology compa- Supported by na ------ metal halide perovskites—compounds ic efficiency, andease ofprocessing of distinctive properties, highphotovolta parent phaseswithoutdegrading. The between transparent andnontrans used materials thatcannot switch ties. Previous smartwindow research rioration oftheirelectronic proper nontransparent states withoutdete also toggle between transparent and for example. windows could Thenew tomobiles, andinformation displays, technologies found inbuildings,au- could capture solarenergy to power energy, photovoltaic the new windows reflect sunlightwithoutharnessingits While typical smartwindows absorbor from transparent to nontransparent. with formula ABX3 thathave thecrys in recent years. llnl.gov. promising materials insolartechnology have numbered themamongthemost tal structure ofthemineral perovskite— electricity. Courtesy ofLLNL/iStock. that enablessmartwindowsto generate collaborators material are usinganew Lawrence Livermore researchers and -------
16 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 looked like whenitwas commissioned in1943. akzonobel.com. paintin 1998.Thenew jobwillallow museumvisitors to seewhat theHornet named aNationalHistoric Landmarkin1991 andwas converted into amuseum Museum docked inAlameda,Calif. Decommissioned in1970,theUSS Hornet was International MarineCoating to repaint the873-ftUSS Hornet Sea, Air&Space AkzoNobel, theNetherlands, donated more than1600gallons ofmilitary-grade BRIEF RESISTS FOULING SLIP AND SLIDE COATING completely fouled. Whentest surfaces teria, whilecontrol Teflon samplesare from acommon speciesofmarinebac coatingthe new resist almostallfouling organisms. a precursor to thebuildupoffouling iting formation ofbiofilms,whichare adhesion ofbacteria, thereby inhib surfaceslippery thatprevents initial Similarly, coating thenew creates a into the plant’s pitcher to be digested. a slicksurface thatsendsinsectssliding penthes plant that trap water, creating around therimofcarnivorous wrinkles modeledonthetinystructures up. Thecoating incorporates nano- ing—not toxins—to prevent bio-build surface coating that uses nanostructur Australia, have responded withanew University Nano Institute, ofSydney marine fouling, andscientistsfrom the mentally friendlymethods to prevent tyltin, demandismountingfor environ adhesion ofbacteria andothermarineorganisms. nanowrinklesworkthesameway,developed trapping alubricating layerthatstops the The Nepenthespitcher planttraps alubricating layerinthestructure ofitsperistome. Newly In thelab, surfaces treated with Since thebanning oftoxic tribu- SURFACE ENGINEERING Ne ------
energy efficiency. www.sydney.edu.au. reduce drag on marine vessels, upping surfaceIn addition,theirslippery could for underwater cameras andsensors. makingtheirapplication suitableent, coatings are moldableandtranspar efficient atresisting fouling. Thenew faces coating withthenew were very for weeks, aperiodofseven thesur Watsons Baybaths Harbor inSydney were attached to swimmingnets at UNDER FIRE COATING KEEPS COOL addition, because sand blasting is not than 15 layers for similar protection. In conventional coatings can require more building occupants to evacuate—while firetwo-hour rating—enough timefor just five layers to astandard achieve calledpaint, new FiroShield, requires ventional intumescent coatings. The more cost effective to applythan con for steel buildingstructures thatis50% vented fire anew protection coating JTC,developer both in Singapore, in- nological University andindustrial Researchers from Nanyang Tech-
- - - more firmlyto thesteel. tion thatcauses thecoating to adhere from afire, triggering achemical reac thermic ingredient thatabsorbsheat be ascribedinpart to auniqueendo The paint’s superiorperformance can related laborcosts are reduced by half. Shield, overall application timeand required to prepare asurface for Firo jtc.gov.sg. like traditional paint. nated timber, anditcan betinted even such asreinforced concrete andlami when appliedto construction materials meets similarperformance standards to a75%performance drop. FiroShield while conventional coatings showed up by 2% when subjected to weathering, lab tests, itsperformance barely dipped offers—and withstands weathering. In thing nootherfire coating currently provides corrosion protection—some exposed.” coating Inaddition,thenew can fall offeasily andleave thesteel those are thickandfoam-like, which coatings willalsoform acharred layer, sor Aravind Dasari. “While typical fire tive barrier,” explains assistant profes pact charred layer thatactsasaprotec USS Hornet Sea, Air&Space Museum. coat University andJTC Scientists from Nanyang Technological “In afire, ourcoating forms acom ed withdiff erent shadesofFiroShield. display steel plates www.ntu.edu.sg, ------
18 TITANIUM: A HISTORIC AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVE
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS STRUCTURAL PART II
Francis H. (Sam) Froes, FASM,* Consultant Ashraf Imam, George Washington University
*Member of ASM International
Among the structural materials developed in the 20th century, titanium and its alloys have played a leading role in improving component performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 19
- 2 ------is TiO 2 Ti (cathode) Ti (cathode) →
. [1] . The process extracts metals metals extracts . The process [1] . The powder requires no further no further requires . The powder electrolyte). Using titanium di titanium Using electrolyte). [3-5] 2 and has been supplying the chemi (the Hunter process), which is inject process), (the Hunter . In 2008, ITP was acquired by Cristal Cristal by acquired . In 2008, ITP was 4 4 molten salt electrolysis molten [1] → The titanium powder metallurgy approach (Armstrong content in CP titanium is approximately 2000 ppm. is approximately in CP titanium content One DARPA-funded project was the Armstrong pro the Armstrong was project One DARPA-funded - industrially scal for initiatives several In the U.S., Scientists at Cambridge University, UK, devel- University, at Cambridge Scientists 2 (anode). Metalysis, South Yorkshire, UK, is commer Yorkshire, South (anode). Metalysis, 2 ; O 2 cess developed by International Titanium Powder LLC LLC Powder Titanium International developed by cess (ITP), Lockport, Ill. USA Inc., Ashtabula, Ohio, a wholly owned subsidiary a wholly owned Ohio, of Inc., Ashtabula, USA in the experience UK, which has extensive Global, Cristal of TiCl manufacture than 20 years. more for producers sponge titanium to cal so and uses molten is continuous process The Armstrong TiCl reduce dium to cializing the process. Advanced Defense by funded were methodologies able goal In 2003, the first (DARPA). Agency Projects Research en- cost, low volume, high U.S.-based, a establish to was The second capability. benign production vironmentally unique, previously develop and demonstrate to was goal and prop microstructures, alloys, titanium unattainable ing. Commercialization of the process is in the planning is in the planning of the process ing. Commercialization in the future. a pilot plant by followed be to stage, or Cambridge (Fray-Farthing-Chen approach oped an as an ef uses titanium that process) Cambridge FCC ox of the removal possible by made ficient cathode, the cathode from ygen complex shapes including ball valves and seamless tub and seamless valves ball including shapes complex oxide as an example, the sequence for TiO for the sequence as an example, oxide erties that enable new high-performance applications. applications. newenable that erties high-performance high-quality titanium produce to a goal also set DARPA with 500 ppm max billet for (<$4/lb) <$9/kg of price with a O (solid, cathode) ed into it as a vapor ed into from their solid oxides by molten salt electrolysis (gen salt electrolysis molten by their solid oxides from CaCl with a erally purification and can be used in traditional melt-to-billet melt-to-billet be used in traditional and can purification + O process, process, bottom row) would reduce final product cost by great ly decreasing the number of processing steps with compared the technique ingot-metallurgy conventional Fig. 1 —
4 ------. This tech [1] , which would lower the final cost by by the final cost lower , which would
[1,2]
art l of this article (February/March 2018) discussed 2018) (February/March of this article art l and process discovery aspects of titanium historical ing, growth and current status of the industry, andindustry, of the status and current ing, growth The batch sponge process accounts for less than for accounts process sponge The batch The Kroll process is a slow batch process, making process, batch is a slow process The Kroll Research on replacing or modifying the Kroll process process or modifying the Kroll replacing on Research Research and Industrial Scientific Commonwealth um Corp., Kennecott Copper, Monsanto, and National Re and Monsanto, Copper, Kennecott um Corp., in developing new processes heavily invested Corp. search Dow-Howmet, by attempts Subsequent without success. improve incremental to led and other companies RTI, Along with process. the Kroll replaced ments, but nothing of the econom volatility difficulties, the metallurgical - in experi investment made heavy titanium for ic market difficult. technologies mental in pro step The next cost. 40% of the final mill product both time-consum forging, and/or duction is pressing the for why a replacement which explains ing processes, suffi down alone will not bring the price process batch It also ex use commonplace. titanium make ciently to (PM) metallurgy powder in titanium plains the interest technology it very expensive. In the 1950s, DuPont, Horizons Titani Horizons it very In the 1950s, DuPont, expensive. is reacted with magnesium (TiRO process) with magnesium (TiRO is reacted nology is enabled by Australia’s large mineral sand de mineral large Australia’s is enabled by nology thin extrusions, fabricate has been used to Ti powder sprayed and cold consolidation, roll continuous by sheet posits. Continuous production of a wide range of alloys alloys of range a wide of posits. Continuous production a number of Ti-Al al and including aluminides, Ti-6Al-4V, scale. laboratory on a large has been demonstrated loys traditional manufacturing aspects. This article discusses de aspects. This article manufacturing traditional specifications, techniques, of newvelopment production and applications. aspects, economic PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING R&D PROCESSING AND PRODUCTION ly. However, problems associated with PM include con associated problems However, ly. greatly reducing the number of processing steps com steps the number of processing reducing greatly pared with the conventional ingot metallurgy tech metallurgy ingot with the conventional pared of wider range a to nique (Fig. 1), opening the metal direct- parts near-net-shape PM produces applications. and difficulties in mak of explosion, danger tamination, parts. ing large mostly on PM. Oak the 1990s, focusing since has increased (ORNL) and industry Laboratory National partners Ridge that process developing a non-melt consolidation are titani make to required and costs the energy reduce could com includes roll process The 50%. up to by parts um PM press powder, from sheet fabricating directly for paction components, net-shape produce to techniques and sinter on a is concentrating in Japan Research and extrusions. using subhalide reduction process high-speed continuous container. in a titanium developed a technolo Australia, (CSIRO), Organization ti- (CP) pure commercially cost-effective produce to gy bed in which TiCl fluidized using a continuous tanium P 20 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 use oflow-grade TiCl der. Independentresearch shows the produce CPTiandTi-6Al-4Valloy pow 4 millionlb/yrfacility inOttawa, Ill.,to activities. ITPalsobroke ground ona id-state consolidation development to successfullyessary complete sol limited quantitiesofmaterials nec cations. TheLockport facility provides neous powder suitable for manyappli Ti-6Al-4V) asa high-quality homoge to produce a range of alloys (including An advantage oftheprocess isitsability turing costs, andenvironmental impact. time, energy consumption, manufac thereby reducing supplychaincycle eliminating the need to process sponge, melt consolidation to final end product, the powder is better used in direct non- in thecurrent value chain.However, processes, allowing useoftheproduct with fused halides ducing agent) andanelectrolyte mixed rather thanconventional inertgas. The um iscooled inahydrogen atmosphere powder process inwhichsponge titani ucts, Hudson,Ohio, a isdeveloping Kroll process. ed atsignificantly lower cost thanthe the cathode. Tiproduction isproject that usesacomposite anodeofTiO veloping anelectrolytic powder process search Corp. (MER)andDuPont are de ity hadnotyet entered production. body. As of late 2017, the full-scale facil- ment ofvolatiles withinthesintered tering behavior that affects the entrap part densitydueto thedifference insin- Fig. 2— Advanced Materials (ADMA)Prod- Materials andElectrochemical Re U.S. titanium raw material use [1] ; Tiisdeposited at 4 leads to higher [7,8] 2 (re . ------drogen-assisted reduction ofTiO online in2008.However, theeconomic EB furnace andseveral VAR furnaces its sponge capacity andbrought anew operational by 2010. Timet increased a sponge plantinHamilton, Miss.,to be Rowley, Utah. ATI began construction of premium-gradea new sponge plantin and thecompany began construction of pacity increased to 7260metric tons/yr, Materials Inc.).ATI’s sponge plantca- Group (part Electronic ofHoneywell um Metals Corp. (Timet), andTheAlta ducers intheU.S. includedATI, Titani spherical meltlessTipowder. magnesium andproduction oflow-cost ECONOMIC ASPECTS per, and4%inotherapplications 26% inplasticsandrubber, 12%inpa ments, roughly 57%were usedinpaint, 2006. pigment) were 581,000 metric tons in titanium, ores and concentrates, and ferrotitaniumwrought, andferrosilicon of titanium by class(scrap, unwrought, 290,000 metric tons in2006.U.S. exports tion oftitanium pigmentwere nearly material. U.S. importsfor consump and enhance weldability. genated sponge helpsto avoid porosity remnant chloridecontent ofthehydro gen sponge. Reportedly low of levels than thatofconventional low-hydro genated condition to ahigherdensity and can becompacted inthehydro hydrogenated sponge iseasily crushed In 2007,titanium sponge pro Figure 2shows theusesofTiraw Fang et al. Regarding titanium pigmentship [6] studied theuseofhy- [9] 2 with . ------increase over 2006 tion reached 59,200metric tons, an11% rose to record U.S. levels; ingot produc production oftitanium metal products until late 2009.Priorto thedownturn, layed bringingtheRowley facility online sponge plant(Wah Changunit)andde the industry. ATI idleditsAlbany, Ore., slowing ofplantconstruction across downturn later thatyear ledto asevere market. remainder suppliedto the domestic porting 70%ofitsproducts, withthe by 2000.By 2009,thecompany was ex tions, completing itstransformation could beusedinaerospace applica- ed its qualitystandards so its products out the1990s,VSMPO-AVISMA upgrad- volume available for Through export. sumption oftitanium, leaving alarge Union drastically reduced internal con- Lightning II. replaced by production oftheF-35 Production oftheF-22came to anend, outnumbering orders planes. ofnew reversed withcancellations thecycle 2006. Therecession beginning in2008 more thandoublingbetween 2003and ly, there was aprice surge intitanium, Raptor began in2003.Simultaneous production oftheU.S. AirForce F-22 titanium components Also, per unit. contain between 130and150tons of er andA380,respectively, bothofwhich for planes,the787Dreamlin theirnew ing andAirbusbegan to receive orders effect oncommercial aerospace, Boe tember 11, 2001, had a marked negative Trade Center York inNew CityonSep um. While the destruction of the World late 1990sandinto millenni thenew continued to increase through the ever, industrialdemandfor titanium QUALITY CONTROL GRADE, SPECIFICATIONS, clined through thelate 1990s 70-80% by use alsode 1982.Military space applications, whichfell to about tanium products were usedinaero are shown inTable 1.Inaddition, every um grades andpertinent specifications The breakup oftheformer Soviet Before 1970,more than90%ofti- Commercially important titani- [10] . [10] . How------
ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 21 ------Mil-T-9046J Mil-T-9046J Mil-T-9046J Mil-T-9047J Mil-T-9046J Mil-T-9046J Mil-T-9046J Mil-T-9047G Mil-T-9047G Mil-T-9047G Mil-T-9046G U.S. Military Specification ------B265 Grade 9 Grade Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade Grade 1 Grade 6 Grade Grade 5 Grade Until the 1980s, use of scrap was was scrap of use 1980s, the Until Grade 19 Grade ASTM Standard ASTM Standard Grade 4, 7, and 11 Grade ufacturing rates, which is purchased by by purchased is which rates, ufacturing an and sold to processed, the recycler, producer. ingot re to difficult it was because limited High density inclu impurities. move tungsten-rich broken the as such sions, manufactur aerospace bits from tool from be removed to had ing production into being melted preclude to turnings defects to lead the ingot, which could engine of aerospace in failure resulting of impurities, With the removal parts. an essential became turnings titanium quality ingot. of premium component - Recy necessity. economic an is (revert) at both play into come companies cling process. and end of the the beginning man at high available is readily Scrap ------4955 4984 4914 4957 4900J 4901L 4911F 4918F 4902E 4591E 4976C 4972C 4981B 4943D 4926H . [11-14] Specification (AMS) Aerospace Materials Aerospace ------No. 4899 UNS R56320 R54620 R50400 R50550 R50700 R50250 R52250 R54520 R54810 R56400 R56620 R56260 R58650 R58640 R58210 R52400, Due to the high buy-to-fly ratio ratio the high buy-to-fly Due to Ti Ti Ti Ti (as high as 9:1), recycling of titanium of titanium (as high as 9:1), recycling RECYCLING AND RECYCLING CONCERNS ENVIRONMENTAL include carbon, iron, hydrogen, nitro hydrogen, iron, carbon, include In addition, control and oxygen. gen, and processing of thermomechanical to is vital treatment heat subsequent microstructure the desired obtaining criti In properties. and mechanical parts such as rotating applications, cal materials, raw turbines, gas in aircraft ther composition, melting parameters, treat heat processing, momechanical ment, and finishing operations testing, at each controlled must all be closely the have products that ensure to step characteristics required Ti-17 Ti-6-4 name Ti-811 Ti-550 Ti-662 SP700 Beta C Beta Ti-15-3 IMI 834 Ti-6246 Alpha 2 Ti-3-2.5 Ti-5-2.5 Gamma Ti-6242S Ti-0.2 Pd Ti-10-2-3 Common Ti-6-2222S TiMetal21S TiMetal 1100 TiMetal
- - - - - Al 3 TiAl Ti 99.2 Ti 99.1 Ti 99.0 Ti 99.5 Ti 99.8 Ti Ti-6Al-4V -β) alloys Ti-3Al-2.5V Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn α Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr Ti-3Al-2.8Nb-15Mo-0.2Si Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.1Si Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo-2Cr-0.1Si Ti-6Al-2.7Sn-4Zr-0.4Mo-0.45Si Nominal composition, wt% Because titanium alloys are used are alloys titanium Because Ti-5.8Al-4Sn-3.5Zr-0.7Nb-0.5Mo-0.35Si Alpha (a) alloys Alpha-beta ( Alpha-beta Beta (β) alloys Beta Intermetallics TABLE 1 — CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMMON TI ALLOYS TI COMMON FOR SPECIFICATIONS AND COMPOSITION CHEMICAL — 1 TABLE large aircraft company has its own set set own its has company aircraft large name The alloy specifications. of alloy name include a company can in the U.S. with the in conjunction or trademark ul i.e., or strength, composition alloy TIMET and for strength tensile timate producers, other U.S. for yield strength titanium. unalloyed for dif several of applications, in a variety quality standards and material ferent ASTM, are these Among specified. are Specifica Materials ASME, Aerospace and a num- military, tions (AMS), U.S. correct The sources. proprietary of ber ob- to is basic composition chemical and other proper mechanical taining Mi application. a given for ties required specification by nor elements controlled 22 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 APPLICATIONS concern, asisthehandlingofCl production isdoneby rail, whichisa sponge producers thathave noTiCl TiCl lem. Thepotential for leaking Cl ity andcost grow, dependinginpart onfabricabil sumer applications hascontinued to use inmilitary, commercial, andcon rutile to TiCl ing heavy metals inthechlorinationof hazards, andothers. Residuals contain include waste disposal,airquality, fire associated withtitanium production tal problem. of asafety issuethananenvironmen- der metallurgy operations. Thisismore plant andchipaswell asinpow tial for titanium fires inthesponge oric acidpicklingwhere possible. ways to minimize oreliminate hydroflu isevaluating fluorine ions.Theindustry problem especiallybecause itcontains so disposaloftheliquidisasignificant build updissolved metal ioncontent, that make flatproducts. Acidbaths nium milloperations, especiallythose these operations. there isaconcern witheffluentfrom production isleached orwashed, and is generated butnotconsumed. Sponge petitive cost relative to othertypes quate strength, fabricability, andcom a primeconsideration aswell asade sion resistance in a variety of media as al applications demand good corro an important consideration. Industri- Ease ofcomponent fabrication isalso tigue strength andfracture toughness. sile strength combined with good fa- Airframe applications require highten tigue strength andfracture toughness. tier property considerations includefa ty atelevated temperatures. Second- strength, as well as thermal stabili- on high-temperature tensile andcreep engine requirements focus primarily particular application. For example, jet ment are based onspecificneedsofthe for titanium alloys ineach market seg 4 Over thepast 40years, titanium Several environmental concerns Further, there isalways thepoten- Pickling isintrinsicto mosttita also exists. Transport ofTiCl [10] 4 present adisposalprob . Product requirements 2 , which 2 and 4 to to ------4
Fig. 3— the weight ofagas turbine engine. of titanium account for about30%of pressor blades,discs,andhubsmade in enginesandairframes. Fan andcom- dominates theuseoftitaniumdustry rication. However, theaerospace in by singlemeltandnear-net-shape fab able withcost penaltiesbeingresolved fast, andreadilylightweight, deploy- mance attack systems thatare strong, vehiclesmilitary leads to high-perfor cost alloy formulation. near-net-shape techniques andlower cal property approaches levels; include while maintaining acceptable mechani- is aimedatreducing component cost its application. Thus,alotofresearch high cost oftitanium alloy often limits of corrosion-resistant materials. The Fig. 4— The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II engine contains a substantial amount of titanium. The useoftitanium interrestrial Current andpotential applications oftitanium inpassenger cars. - - -
tanium demandand37%inEurope gines account for about42%ofU.S. ti International Titanium Association,en- highly stressed parts. According to the um bringsaboutweight reduction in and fatigue. Intheairframe, titani tures, andgood resistance to creep ratio, strength atmoderate tempera- Titanium offers highstrength-to-weight including theengines. forging weight oftitanium peraircraft Boeing 787requires atleast 120tons Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al inthelandinggear. The ing 777uses13,000lbforging weight of stantial amountoftitanium. TheBoe for mainmastplatforms (Fig.4)inthe use 38 tons of Ti-6Al-4V alloy per ship F-35 Lightning,whichcontains asub Figure 3shows thepower unitfor the U.S. NavyshipsCVN 77andCVN 78 [10] - - - - .
ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 23
- - - - - All GT3 option option Lancer Model S-Class Lupo FSI Acura NSX Acura Infiniti Q45 Truck diesel Truck Sport wheel 360 Stradale Corvette Z06 Corvette All 12 cylinder M-Technology M-Technology S2000 Roadster . Altezza 6-cylinder Altezza All 1.8 L-4 cylinder All 1.8 L-4 Sport package GTI Sport package BMW Ferrari Ferrari Nissan Honda Honda is a consultant to the additive the additive to is a consultant Toyota Daimler Daimler Porsche Porsche Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Volkswagen Volkswagen Volkswagen Manufacturer General Motors General manufacturing and titanium industries. and titanium manufacturing at 253.517.3034 or He may be reached [email protected] ings), automotive components, and components, ings), automotive 2). In 5 and Table (Fig. frames eyeglass is also used as clad addition, titanium insti museums and cultural ding on art not only luster its gray where tutions, resis but also corrosion adds beauty, environ air pollution in urban to tance ments. ~AM&P Sam Professor information: more For Froes interconnects, and antireflective coat and antireflective interconnects,
- - - Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V Ti-6Al-4V Material Ti grade 2 Ti grade Ti grade 1 Ti grade Ti grade 2 Ti grade Ti grade 1s Ti grade TiMetal LCB TiMetal TiMetal LCB TiMetal Gamma TiAl Ti-3Al-2V-RE -titanium alloys β-titanium Ti-6Al-4V and PM Ti Ti-6Al-4V and PM Ti Valves Valves The U.S. Navy’s George H.W. Bush CVN 77 aircraft carrier uses a significant amount of Component A wide variety of nonmilitary/ A wide variety Gearshift knob Gearshift Exhaust system Connecting rods Connecting rods Connecting rods Wheel rim screws Wheel rim screws Wheel rim screws Suspension springs Suspension springs Turbocharger wheel Turbocharger Turbocharger wheel Turbocharger Brake-pad guide pins Brake-pad Valve spring retainers Valve Brake sealing washers sealing Brake TABLE 2 — TITANIUM COMPONENTS IN AUTOMOBILES IN COMPONENTS TITANIUM — 2 TABLE aerospace applications include med- applications aerospace and hips, pace (artificial knees ical implants, and dental cases, maker marine (deep-sea devices), surgical oil platforms, off-shore submersibles, piping), pro- chemical and seawater vessels, exchangers, (heat cessing (electri- pipe, and tubing), coatings barriers, diffusion conducting cally form of thick plate welded structures. structures. welded plate of thick form ex visible, is the most mainmast The of ti Use on the ship. posed structure weight topside provide can tanium due costs life-cycle lower and savings maintenance. reduced to Fig. 5 — titanium for its mainmast platforms. for titanium 24 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 2009. Compounds, Vol 473, Issues 1-2, April Processed TiPowder, on the Sinterability of Armstrong- CT, summer2007. Man 4. 3. 2. 1. References Modification, Be ontheVerge ofReplacement or vier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2016. Manufacturing ofTitanium Alloys, Vol 2,No. 4,p29-43,2013. in aSector Poised for Growth, lurgy: andOpportunities Developments
K.L. Housley, Kroll Process May K.S. Weil, et al., Effect of TiCl B. Dutta andF.H. Froes, Additive F.H. Froes, Titanium Powder Metal- agement Aerospace Inc.,Hartford, Titanium News, Metal J. Alloys and PM Rev., 4 Purity Else- 6. 5. 9. 8. 7. 1996. andBureauvey ofMines,Washington, Department ofInterior Geological Sur- 92 Science andTechnology, TMS,1993. 1985. Trends, Titanium Assoc.,p3-18, Devel. Technology: Present Status and Future Technol., 301,p331-335,2016. der for Additive Manufacturing, Production ofSpherical Ti-6Al-4VPow- 2004. nologies, January for U.S. DOEandORNLby EHKTech- Cost Reduction Technologies, Study
Mineral CommoditySummaries, F.H. Froes andI.L.Caplan,Titanium H.B. Bomberger, et al., Titanium P. Sun,et al.,ANovel Method for ofEmerging TitaniumSummary Powder 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. London, 1996. of theLightMetals, 3rd ed.,E.Arnold, nical Guide,ASMIntl.,1988. E. Collings(eds.),ASMIntl.,1994. nium Alloys, R.Boyer, G.Welsch,and Intl. Titanium Assoc., 1985. D. Eylon,andH.B.Bomberger (eds.), tus andFuture Trends, F.H. Froes, Assoc., 2007.
I.J. Polmear, LightAlloys, Metallurgy M.J. Donachie,Titanium: ATech- Materials Property Handbook:Tita- Titanium Technology: Present Sta- Titanium Facts, Intl.Titanium
25 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 ) ------[9] . Typ [8] production of fine ceramic ceramic fine of production C, increasing the possibili C, increasing o . PDCs include: C. Vapor pressure depends on pressure C. Vapor o [10, 11] Conversion of organics into ce into organics of Conversion to 800 to o Type A are usually liquid at am- A are Type but develop bient temperature, above pressure vapor significant ~400 monomer molecular weight; larger monomer molecular weight; larger increase side groups hydrocarbon vapor and lower molecular weight These yield oxides. pressure. oligomers like networks B have Type built around 3D molecules (large chains made of Si or linear silicon) - com These nonvolatile backbones. epoxy-like into pounds cross-link ramics is a relatively new field is a relatively ramics • • and those that remain in a condensed in a condensed and those that remain the ceramic into until converting state phase WHY THE POLYMER ROUTE? POLYMER THE WHY ically, organics convert into ceramics ceramics into convert organics ically, of in the range temperatures at low 400 in-situ of ty matrix. The or a metal within particles they de i.e., self-contained, are ganics the produce to themselves by compose with react without needing to ceramic class two host. are There the metal as known (generally es of the organics or PDCs): ceramics, polymer-derived alkoxides called (generally volatile differs in that the chemistry of the ce differs within entirely phase is contained ramic which imparts precursors, the organic the poly- to simplicity and versatility mer route. ------(2) for a p for . Process λ = 20 nm, . This work work This . [6] . [7] [5]
) of 0.01. If v f reactions with the host met with reactions : [4] is equal to 4 λ is equal to example, For Thus, the goal in creep-resistant in creep-resistant Thus, the goal en by between adjacent particle edges is giv edges particle adjacent between er, the fine particles form hard agglom hard form the fine particles er, by down which must be broken erates, meth stirring. Ultrasonic mechanical to yet been used, but have ods have potential commercial show - essen disperse be able to MMCs is to particles. ceramic tially inert nanoscale mix readily has been to One approach a into particles fine ceramic available Howev methods. mechanical by metal the particle size must be just a few tens tens must be just a few size the particle of par The influence of nanometers. ticle dispersion on creep resistance is resistance creep on dispersion ticle follows but essentially complex, more coars a similar guideline. If particles such as temperatures, en at elevated alloys, with precipitation-strengthened with increas degrades resistance creep inert parti Therefore, size. ing particle little or no solubility in cles, which have good for required matrix, are the metal made of ODS alloys resistance. creep deforma by and thoria particles nickel of such an example are tion processing design of MMCs optimized es where second phases are produced produced are phases second where es in-situ by also been explored have al volume fraction ( fraction volume ------(1) . However, . However, [3] , the spacing p, the spacing led to commercial commercial led to [1] is the Burgers vector vector b is the Burgers is shear yield stress, G is yield stress, is shear y
σ
, which have gained consideration consideration gained , which have intering is used to fabricate ceram fabricate is used to intering ics with high melting points, where solid-state by occurs densification
where where High volume fractions of ceramics of ceramics fractions High volume [2] (essentially equal to the lattice param the lattice (essentially equal to spac is the interparticle and λ eter), achieve a yield stress to ing. Therefore, that λ is equal to that is 1% of G requires parameter 100 times the lattice roughly are (~15-20 nm). Assuming the particles particle of cubes (different in the form in a minor differences to shapes lead of size factor) numerical shear modulus, shear diffusion. The high sensitivity of sintering The high diffusion. size particle to rate enhance the modulus of the composite, the modulus of the composite, enhance which depends mostly on the volume phase. This con of the ceramic fraction alu SiC-reinforced is applied to cept minum matrix composites for use as reinforcements in metal-matrix in metal-matrix use as reinforcements for (MMCs). composites METAL MATRICES METAL Rishi Raj Boulder of Colorado, University CERAMIC PARTICLES INTO INTO PARTICLES CERAMIC technologies in revolutionary result may precursors of organic Melt-injection castings. composite metal-matrix reinforced ceramic producing for INTRODUCING NANOSCALE NANOSCALE INTRODUCING development of fine nanometer-scale development of fine nanometer-scale forces der Waals Van powders. ceramic par hard form to the fine powders cause ticles
enhancement of yield strength and of yield strength enhancement nanoscale requires resistance creep particles, of the ceramic dispersion the by given which is approximately stress: Orowan S 26 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 800 • spontaneously into the melt. mer powder enableshavingit drawn matrix. This approach isusedwithaMgmetal of thepolymerprecursor into themelt. or by injectingthecross-linked powder liquid polymer directly into the melt, the molten metal eitherby injectingthe polymer can beintroduced directly into Cu metal matrix. powders. Thisapproach isusedwitha rolyzes duringhotconsolidation ofthe metallurgy methods. The polymerpy solidation withtraditional powder polymer powders, followed by hotcon by millingthemetal powders withthe ture, thepolymermustbeintroduced metal is above thepyrolysis tempera POWDER-METALLURGY ROUTE • phase by heating to between 700 version ofthepolymerinto theceramic fine dispersion, followed by insitu raw precursor into themetal matrixina MMCs iscarried outby introducing the and A12),respectively, aswell asahigh 12 vol% ceramic phase(A3,A6,A10, to produce sampleswith 3.5,6,10,and 80-90 wt%.Two-step millingwas used ic yieldfrom thepolymer ranged from 60 to 100-µmcopper powder. Ceram B1) to a 0.5 to 30-µmparticle size with linked commercial polysilazane (Type pared powders by cryomilling ofcross- stable above 1200 sition SiCO (SiCN),andare inertand C, andN/O,whichhave thecompo ceramicsnary constituted from Si, silazanes thatyieldamorphouster Type B1includessilicones and B1 andB2. These fall into two subclasses, but thendecompose into ceramics. drawn into fibers. on silicon backbones, whichcan be areThey linear chainpolymers built carbon atthegrain boundaries. withsomeresidualnanocrystalline SiC,which isnormally yield binary Type B2includescarbosilanes that relatively stable inairupto ~600 polymers at~350 o C. Ifthemeltingpointofhost If themetal meltsbelow 700 The fabrication ofin-situ PDC- Copper-SiCN MMCs Excellent wetting ofthepoly- o C, whichare o C. [12, 13] were pre o C, the o
and con o C, ------(a) (a) ceramic phasesisabout100nm. ing 30-35vol%ceramic phase.Thelengthoftheinterspersed nanostructure ofthemetal and consolidated: (a)TEMmicrograph ofmilledpowder, and(b)hot-consolidated samplecontain Fig. 1—Composites made withCu powderandcross-linked Type B1precursor, milledandhot aft micrograph showsceramic particles segregate to regions; grain-boundary (b)SEMmicrograph Fig. 2—Castingmadebyinjectingpowder ofType B1precursor (a)optical into Mgmelt: sample andextrudedshown in(b). conversion oftheprecursor into theceramic phase;and (d)compression creep behaviorofpure between themicrohardness (whichis surements show alinear relationship metal. grain refinement (50-130 nm) in the solidation. Millingledto significant powder and of the MMC after hot con- an electron micrograph ofthemilled taining 30-35vol% PDC.Figure 1shows volume fraction composite (B30)con (c) er hotextrusion;(c)Raman spectra showDandGpeaks ofgraphene, whichconfirm full Microindentation hardness mea- (b) - (b) (d) of theceramic particles, showing that tures. Figure 2bconfirms thestability do notcoarsen, athightempera even - ticles thatform are inertandtherefore spacing. Polymer-derived ceramic par ic phase isareduction in interparticle of higher volume fraction of a ceram a given particle size. Themaineffect (1/λ), aspredicted by Equation1for proportional to theyieldstress) and - - - 27 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 - - - - - [16] C). Creep testing was was testing C). Creep . The volume fraction fraction . The volume o × 20 × 90 mm mold [16] to 450 to o Melt injection experiments were were experiments injection Melt - at am tests tensile from Results ings from a 70 ings from also carried out within a glovebox to to a glovebox within out carried also Cast of magnesium. oxidation prevent were used directly for mechanical mechanical for used directly were or further without extrusion testing insert was Polymer treatment. heat powder, cross-linked of ed in the form injecting the liquid direct but also by the melt ly into of the ceramic phase was 2.5 vol%. Flat 2.5 vol%. phase was of the ceramic ma were dog-bone shaped specimens mechanical for the castings chined from and high tempera at ambient testing (350 tures also performed. Pure Mg castings were were castings Mg Pure performed. also comparison. also made for in Fig. 3. shown are bient temperature 10 MPa from increases Yield strength the castings for 80 MPa Mg to pure for stress tensile made with PDCs. Ultimate to Mg pure for MPa 70 from increases - strength PDC 2.5% for MPa 130-150 not is ductility Tensile samples. ened addition the by affected significantly
- - - - λ C o C, is o , which from Equation , which from [15] The microstructure of the casting of the casting The microstructure C, and poured into 15- and 25-mm- 15- into poured C, and o 1 is expected to produce only a modest produce to 1 is expected properties. in mechanical improvement (Fig. 2d) rate Nevertheless, the strain at 450 in compression measured tio of 9:1. Microstructures of the as-cast of the Microstructures tio of 9:1. in shown are samples and extruded - ceram the from spectra Fig. 2. Raman structure in the cast region ic-particle that the determine to a simple way are converted has fully precursor organic phase. the ceramic into spacing, interparticle extrusion; ter for one hour and extruded down to a ra to down and extruded one hour for ceramic that the SiCN shows 2a) (Fig. the grain toward segregated particles down which break boundary regions, 2b) af (Fig. particles nanoscale into ic particles. Also, creep resistance does resistance creep Also, particles. ic the confirming time, with degrade not coarsen. do not particles reduced by a factor of ~5 by the ceram of ~5 by a factor by reduced is about 1 µm diameter cast-iron molds. Cast cylin molds. Cast cast-iron diameter at 400 treated heat were ingots drical 675
- - - - for Cu). The Cu). for m T C and stirred for C and stirred o C (0.9 o . Highly wetting behavior . Highly wetting [14,15] C) is below the temperature where where the temperature C) is below The melting point of magnesium The melting point The polymer was injected into into injected The polymer was o of the polymer enabled it to be drawn be drawn of the polymer enabled it to B1 the melt. into Type spontaneously added (5 wt%) was polymer powder the melt at 730 into (650 15 minutes. The melt was cooled to cooled The melt was 15 minutes. MELT-INJECTION ROUTE MELT-INJECTION there is no change in yield stress after after stress in yield is no change there at 950 annealing production enables process PDC-MMC alloys. metal of highly creep-resistant the polymer converts into the ceram into the polymer converts injecting enabling ic phase, thereby the melt and into the polymer directly while the ceramic into having it convert to ways Two metal. the by surrounded cross-link by the polymer are introduce (as in the ing it, a powder milling it into inject by and then, with Cu), approach the mag liquid into as a ing it directly nesium melt. the stir casting the magnesium melt by method 28 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 the flowstress at astrain rate of10 SUMMARY metal matrix. Tensile results at400 between the ceramic particles and the ascribed to strong interfacial bonding of theceramic phase.Highductilityis Fig. 4—Results ofcreep tests carried outat350 linked polymerinto molten magnesium;bothgivesimilarresults. of theorganic precursor. Theprecursor can beinjected directly asaliquidorpowderofcross- Fig. 3—Eff determined from creep tests at350 rupture behaviorofthecomposites was sion-strengthened alloys. Thestress granular, whichisexpected for disper changed from transgranular to inter for thecomposite. Themodeoffracture es from 10MPa for pure Mgto 25MPa (Fig. 4)show thatflow stress increas 450 able thedesignandcreation ofanew scribed inthisarticleispoised to en in theliterature strengthening mechanismsisdescribed characterization anddiscussionofthe o C (Fig.4) The developing technologyThe developing de Further work onmicrostructure ect ofintroducing polymer-derived ceramic particles into Mgbyin-situ conversion [17] . [18-20] . − 3 s − 1 ; (right)data fitted to theMonkman-Grant relationship. o to to o C - - - - - o to 450 needed because someof themconvert es, shieldingwithaninertgas may be facturing, althoughinsome instanc posing little risk in scale-up to manu nontoxic, andenvironmentally benign, organic precursors are nonflammable, needed to thetechnology. develop The loys isunusual,andaconcerted effort is to produce hightemperature metal al perature metal alloys. generationenabling anew ofhigh-tem are inertanddonotcoarsen, thereby tance. PDC-MMCs contain particles that coarsening, whichdegrades creep resis same diffusion mechanisms lead to Inhightemperaturement. creep, these solid state undercontrolled heat treat itates are produced by diffusion inthe usually precipitation hardened; precip loys. Aluminum and magnesiumare generation ofcreep-resistant metal al- o C: (left)eff Melding ofpolymers andmetals ect ofceramic dispersion on ------thor (Sudarshan) by theau was supervised aly, andtheauthor. Post-doctoral work gy, A.Molinari,University ofTrento, It H. Singh,IndianInstitute ofTechnolo M. Surappa, IndianInstitute ofScience, the doctoral by thesessupervised The results reported here are from Acknowledgment edu. [email protected], Boulder, CO 80309-0596,303.492.1029, versity of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, mechanical engineeringprofessor, Uni For more information: ~AM&P arebut they likely to berevolutionary. ties maybedifficultto fathom today, processes isfeasible. Theopportuni their incorporation into metallurgical into the ceramic if exposed to air. Thus, References Grant No. DMR1105347. Division ofMaterials Research under and NanoMaterials Program intheNSF rado Boulder, supported by theMetals ried outpartially atUniversity ofColo 6. 5. 4. 3. 1984. Amer. Ceram. Soc.,67(9),p596-601, fluence ofAggregates onSintering, 2. 1. Composites: Production by theStir p 236,1966. 0.5 TM, of Thoriated Nickel Above andBelow Acta Materialia, 45,(4),p1633-43,1997. Behavior ofMetal MatrixComposites, Microstructural Scale onPlasticFlow A, 16,(6),p1105-15,1985. Reinforcement, taining Discontinuous Silicon Carbide of AluminumMatrixComposites Con- Strain, Fracture, and Ductility Behavior Soc., 64,(1),p19-22,1981. Stabilized Zirconia, J. Amer. Ceram. ticle Size Effects onSintering Yttria-
J. Hashim, et al.,Metal Matrix B.A. Wilcox andA.H.Clauer, Creep T.W. Gustafson, et al.,Influence of D.L. McDanels,AnalysisofStress- F. DynysandJ.W. Halloran, In W.H. Rhodes,Agglomerate andPar- [12,13,20-24] Trans. Met. Soc.AIME,April, . Doctoral research was car- Metall. andMatls.Trans. www.colorado. Rishi Raj isa J. J. ------
29 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 Res. Res. 194, Matls. 89, (12), 89, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., Ceram. Amer. J. Matls. Chem. and Phys., L. Yu and R. Raj, On the Thermo- R. Raj, and L. Yu N.M. Chelliah, et al., Processing, Processing, al., et Chelliah, N.M. al., Microstructural N.M. Chelliah, et al., A Polymer N.M. Chelliah, et and al., Mechanical et Cross, T.
p 3706-14, 2006. Amorphous Phase Stable dynamically Oxycarbide, Silicon of Polymer-Derived 2015. Scientific Reports, Microstructural Evolution and Strength and Strength Evolution Microstructural Matrix Magnesium of In-Situ Properties Nano-Sized Containing Composites Particles, SiCNO Derived Polymer Behavior and Strengthening Evolution Magnesium Matrix Compo- in In-Situ Pro- Solidification by Fabricated sites cessing, of Thermally Stable the Design to Route Materials Matrix Composites: Metal Processing, Selection and In-situ of Polymer- Behavior Tribological from Constituted Ceramics Derived SiCxOyNz. 685, p 429-38, 2017. A, 685, p 429-38, Sci. and Engrg.: Dec. 4, 2017. on Metals, and Reports References Selected 2. 18. 19. 20. 1. p 65-76, 2017.
44, Metall. and Metall. J. of Tribol., J. 16, (4), p 983-93, Metall. and Matls. Trans. A, Trans. Matls. and Metall. J. Matls. Sci., J. E. Castellan, et al., Low-Wear High- al., Low-Wear et E. Castellan, Rohatgi, P.K. and Surappa M.K. al., Nanoceramic- et Sudarshan, al., Polymer-Derived et Sudarshan, al., Stress-Rupture N.M. Chelliah, et
Friction Behavior of Copper Matrix Behavior of Copper Friction Situ In an With Dispersed Composites Ceramic, Derived Polymer of Cast and Properties Preparation Compo- Particle Aluminium-Ceramic sites, 1981. In-Situ by Matrix Composites Metal in a Precursors of Organic Pyrolysis Liquid Melt, Created Matrix Composites Metal In-Situ of a Liquid Polymer Injection Direct by Magnesium, Molten into A, 45, (2), p 551-4, 2014. Matls. Trans. of Cast Magnesium Measurements of Production In-Situ by Strengthened Magnesium and J. Particles, Ceramic 2017. Alloys, 137, (2) p 024501, 2015. 39, (13), p 3291-7, 2008. 16. 17. 14. 15. 13. (10), p 4734-42, 2013. (10), p 4734-42, Metall. and Matls. Trans. A, Trans. and Matls. Metall. Tm, at 0.9
93, (7), p 1805-37, Matls. Sci. and Engr.: R: R: and Engr.: Matls. Sci. 89, (6), p 1317-22, Chem. Rev., 261, (5562), p 683-5, Nature, E. Castellan, G. Ischia, A. Molinari, E. Castellan, S. Yajima, et al., Development of a et S. Yajima, al., Polymer-Derived et Colombo, P. D.C. Bradley, Metal Alkoxides as Alkoxides Metal D.C. Bradley, S.C. Tjong and Z.Y. Ma, Micro and Z.Y. S.C. Tjong Better al., Symp. et Brinker, C.J.
and R. Raj, A Novel In Situ Method for for Method In Situ A Novel and R. Raj, Ceramic a of Dispersion a Producing Stable Copper that Remains Phase Into Precursors for Electronic and Ceramic and Ceramic Electronic for Precursors Materials, 1989. with High Tensile Carbide Fibre Silicon Strength, 1976. and of Research 40 Years Ceramics: J. Ceramics, in Advanced Innovation Soc., Ceram. Amer. 2010. Ceramics Through Chemistry, North- Chemistry, Through Ceramics Holland, 1984. 12. 10. 11. 9. 7. Charac- Mechanical and structural Matrix Metal of In Situ teristics Composites, 8. J. Matls. Proc. Technol., Matls. Proc. J. Method, Casting 92, p 1-7, 1999. 2000. 2000 29, (3), p 49-113, Reports, 30 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 E the Kikuchi bands isafunction ofthe tal orientation. Finally, theintensity of formation needed to determine crys these intersecting lines provides thein- axes Theanglebetween inthecrystal. of thebands correspond to thezone was diffracted. theintersections Next, atomic planefrom whichtheelectron ly proportional to thespacing ofthe forming each Kikuchi band isinverse the distance between thebrightlines structurecrystal understudy. First, tion pattern are characteristic ofthe diffraction pattern isshown inFig.1. EBSD pattern. An example ofthe resulting to thecharacteristic Kikuchi bands for the of distinctintensity are formed, givingrise onto a2Dphosphorscreen, pairs oflines to thediffracting plane.Whenprojected paired large anglecones corresponding ing theminsuchaway asto form aset of satisfytheBraggthey equation,diffract inelastically scatter theseelectrons when trons. Theatomic planesinthematerial in order to maximize backscattered elec ple ofinterest, whichistilted ata70°angle ing afocused beam ofelectrons at asam quickly and clearly. EBSD involves direct nique andgenerate valuable information, to conduct experiments usingthistech now enablesscientistsandresearchers analysis instrumentation andsoftware of thematerial understudy formation regarding themicrostructure technique thatprovides awealth ofin- to successfulanalysis. preparing thesamplesurface sothat itissmoothandfree ofdefects iscrucial Because electron backsca METALLOGRAPHIC SAMPLES SENSITIVITY FOR STUDYING ION MILLING MAXIMIZES EBSD TECHNICAL SPOTLIGHT croscope (SEM)-based analytical (EBSD) is a scanning electron mi lectron backscatter diffraction The Kikuchi bands in thediffrac [1] . New micro. New ------tter diffr the typical EB Fig. 1—Characteristic Kikuchi bands form high-quality diffraction pattern. preparation isessentialto a achieving of thematerial, optimizingthesurface depends entirely onthetop 10–15nm fraction pattern. Because thetechnique which inturn requires ahigh-qualitydif of confidence inKikuchi band detection, al microstructure requires a high degree posed ofdifferent elements. portant when indexing materials com relative massoftheatom, whichisim scattered diffraction pattern andthe ic planescontributing to theback fractional representation oftheatom eral, the sample is first rough-polished SAMPLE POLISHING METHODS are available onhiswebsite gical engineerGeorge Vander Voort and are thoroughly explained by metallur tails regarding polishingbestpractices sample surface for EBSD analysis.De straightforward method to prepare the rotating polishingwheelisalow cost, An accurate analysisofthemateri Polishing samplesby handona action isasurface-sensitive technique, SD diffr action pattern. [2] . Ingen ------nickel sample. Fig. 2—Eulermapofaproperly polished in the region of the sample analyzed tion andorientation ofthegrains with common way to represent thedistribu- is carefully followed. A Euler map is a for EBSD analysiswhentheprocedure technique for preparing mostsamples surface strain. colloidal solutionto remove anysub orvibratedin a0.020micron slurry ina ple can befinishedwithagentle polish scratches andimperfections. Thesam- 0.25 microns—to create asurface free of er grindingparticulates—9, 3,1,and ries of slurries of successively small- the sampleisfinepolishedwithase generally flatandsmoothsurface. Next, 400, and 800—togrits—200, a achieve with sandpaper atsuccessively finer the sample demonstrates that strong, can beexpected. Theelectron image of tained—results suchas those in Fig. 3 from aproperly polishednickel sample. Figure 2shows theresulting Eulermap hered to—or equipmentispoorlymain Hand polishingisahighlyeffective When proper technique isnotad
[3] - - - - - .
31 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
------cluster ion source. ion source. cluster + EBSD combined with EDS and combined EBSD This ion milling technique can be can This ion milling technique electron imaging yields a wealth of rich imaging yields a wealth electron mi the material regarding information is a sur EBSD Because crostructure. the preparing technique, face-sensitive so that it is smooth and sample surface successful is crucial to of defects free can hand polishing analysis. Traditional although achieve high-quality results, and variation to prone is technique the The electron image demonstrates the demonstrates image The electron en- with dark tendrils structure grain the sample throughout croaching spectrosco dispersive (Fig. 5b). Energy spectros dispersive and wavelength py presence the (EDS/WDS) confirm copy of chlorine and a higher level of carbon with no de in these dark, regions tendril levels of car chlorine and lower tected the of the remainder bon throughout maps of the Euler overlay sample. An im analysis on the electron EBSD from of the corro the nature confirms age structure grain sion (Fig. 5c). The ferritic is iron cast uncorroded from expected and the dark, re tendril demonstrated, in patterns, gions yield no diffraction as an amorphous structure dicating this type of corrosion. from expected SUMMARY left with a general reduction in quality in reduction a general left with moving to the right with only a few only a few the right with to moving In the corre visible (Fig. 4a). grains with the grains Euler map, sponding clear are crystalidentified orientation 4b). on the left (Fig. unambiguous and scratch is a deep The only exception sample. the through angled diagonally the right, to the indexing Moving than less that so degrades quality identified properly are half of the grains with EBSD. sample subject iron a cast applied to within a chlo corrosion graphitic to lacks environment. iron Cast rinated pres additives or chrome the nickel and is therefore steel ent in stainless of image An optical at risk of corrosion. in Fig. 5a. section is shown a corroded pol in epoxy, The sample is mounted grit, one-micron ished to and then ion beam argon milled with a monatomic 10 for kV 3 at finally and minutes 30 for with an Ar minutes ------grad ains on left with de As a final stage in sample prepara As a final stage the accel lowering Systematically ion broad of effectiveness The tion, ion milling is an option that elimi- is an option that tion, ion milling to inherent of the variation much nates con more a and ensures hand polishing finish. higher quality surface and sistent sample is polished With ion milling, the partic a one-micron to as usual down with It is then bombarded slurry. ulate 50° at an ions at an angle of 20° to argon The ion of 1−30 kV. voltage accelerating from material removes bombardment sputtering. by the surface of both the rate reduces voltage erating ion of depth the and removal material which in the material, into penetration the dam reduces systematically turn on the surface imparted layer age pol A final process. during the removal 1 and 3 kV results between ishing step damage. no surface in virtually im ion milling. In the electron ished by on the is clear structure the grain age, milling for EBSD sample preparation is sample preparation EBSD milling for an alumi- in Fig. 4. Here, demonstrated as described prepared num sample was that only the exception the with above pol was sample the side of left-hand ION MILLING ION o right; (b) corresponding Euler map shows clear gr Euler map shows clear o right; (b) corresponding -hand side of image polished by ion milling is clear; grain structure image quality image structure grain polished by ion milling is clear; -hand side of image eft om left t ing indexing quality to the right.ing indexing quality to (b) Fig. 4 — (a) L fr degrades (a) (b) sample into imparted Fig. 3 — (a) Scratches during polishing; (b) poor quality surface sample. from Euler map obtained (a) directional scratches were imparted imparted were scratches directional polishing during surface in the sample As a result,(Fig. 3a). the poor quality this sample from obtained Euler map (Fig. 3b). expected should be 32 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 ~AM&P themostcomplexof even materials. examination ofthemicrostructure thus enablingahigh-confidence EBSD operator ortechnique-related errors, vides asuperiorsurface finishfree of hand polishingwithionmillingpro haphazard outcomes. Supplementing out sample;(c)overlayofEulermapsfrom EBSD analysisontheelectron image confirms thenature ofthecorrosion. Fig. 5—(a)Optical image ofcorroded sectionofcast iron sample;(b)electron image showsgrain structure withdarktendrils encroaching through (a) - (b) com/pathfinder thermofisher.com, 53711, 608.276.5603, ic Inc.,525Verona Rd., Madison,WI croanalysis, Thermo Fisher Scientif son isproduct manager ofx-ray mi- For more information: . www.thermofisher. keith.thompson@ Keith Thomp - -
(c) 2. 1. 3. References metallography/list-of-articles.html analysis Way isUp?, tal Orientations and EBSD – or Which p 113-126,July2016.
www.georgevandervoort.com/ www.thermofisher.com/micro T.B. Britton, et al.,Tutorial: Crys- Mater. Vol Charact., 117, -
REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS ......
SPRING/SUMMER 2018 CATALOG
ASM Handbooks...... 1–5
Materials Reference...... 6
General Engineering Reference...... 7
Failure Analysis...... 7–8
Metallography & Characterization...... 8–9
Fatigue & Fracture...... 10
Manufacturing & Design...... 11
Steels ...... 12–13
Nonferrous Metals...... 13–15
Welding, Brazing & Soldering...... 16
Heat Treating...... 17–18
Coatings & Surface Engineering...... 18
Corrosion...... 19
Plastics, Composites & Ceramics...... 20
Microelectronics...... 20–21
Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist™...... 21
Alloy Phase Diagrams...... 22
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The World’s Best and Most Comprehensive Materials Reference Guides All articles are expert-written and peer-reviewed Each volume of the ASM Handbook® series contains the most up-to-date information in a particular area of interest. Together, the complete set builds on the 95-year tradition of the ASM Handbook as the industry’s best-known and most comprehensive source for information on metals and materials technology. Revised volumes and volumes of new topics are being published as warranted by technological advances. Volumes 10, 12, and 16 are now sold as green-covered ASM Handbook volumes, but the red-covered 9th Edition Metals Handbook versions are still current. Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams ASM Handbook Complete Set, see page 5 Edited by Hiroaki Okamoto, Mark E. Schlesinger, and Order The Complete ASM Handbook Set – asminternational.org Erik M. Mueller 2016 • 778 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-070-5 Product Code: 05442G Volume 1A: Cast Iron Science and Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Technology 40% of this volume has been updated and now Edited by Doru M. Stefanescu includes 1083 binary systems, 1095 binary diagrams, 2017 • Approx. 790 pages 115 ternary systems, and 406 ternary diagrams. New ISBN: 978-1-62708-133-7 material on solid solutions and phase transformations; thermodynamics; isomorphous, eutectic, peritectic, and monotectic alloy systems; solid- Product Code: 05924G state transformations; and intermediate phases has been added. Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 NEW Cast iron development engineers, foundry production Volume 4A: Steel Heat Treating and support personnel, product-application engineers, and designers now have an ASM Handbook devoted to Fundamentals and Processes the principles, practices, and application of cast iron science and technology. Edited by Jon L. Dossett and George E. Totten Content covers all aspects of cast iron fundamentals and metallurgy, primary 2013 • 784 pages and secondary processing, effects of processing on properties, process, and IBSN: 978-1-62708-011-8 product design, and the engineering properties of specific grades, types, Product Code: 05344G and product forms of iron castings. Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 This volume addresses the basics of steel heat treating and thoroughly covers the many steel heat treating processes. Major topics include: the physical metallurgy of steel heat treatment, fundamentals and practical aspects of steel hardness and hardenability, quenching, annealing, tempering, austempering, and martempering. The volume provides greatly expanded treatment of surface hardening by applied energy, carburizing, carbonitriding, nitriding, and diffusion coatings. SAVE SET SALE! UP TO Volumes 1 and 2 $ Product Code: 06062G Volume 4B: Steel Heat Treating 87 Price: $507 / ASM Member: $405 Technologies Volume 1: Properties and Selections: Edited by Jon L. Dossett and George E. Totten Irons, Steels, and High-Performance 2014 • 582 Pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-025-5 Alloys Product Code: 05434G 1990 • 1063 pages Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 ISBN: 978-0-87170-377-4 Volume 4B expands coverage on equipment, control, Product Code: 06181G troubleshooting, and problems associated with steel Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 heat treating. New articles extensively address distortion and the prevention Extensive data for alloy designations, compositions, of cracking – including the modeling and simulation of distortion. General and mechanical/physical properties. Covers process and procedure factors also are introduced—including temperature performance and selection of cast irons, carbon uniformity of furnaces, calculation of heat treating costs, and decarburization. and low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and super alloys. 1,328 photographs, charts and graphs. More than 500 tables. Volume 4C: Induction Heating Volume 2: Properties and Selection: and Heat Treatment Nonferrous Alloys and Special Edited by Valery Rudnev and George E. Totten Purpose Materials 2014 • 820 pages IBSN: 978-1-62708-012-5 1990 • 1328 pages Product Code: 05345G ISBN: 978-0-87170-378-1 Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Product Code: 06182G This all new ASM Handbook gives design, Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 manufacturing, and materials engineers an important Your best single-volume source on compositions, new reference. Written by internationally recognized experts, Volume 4C properties, selection, and applications of provides in-depth and comprehensive coverage on one of the most nonferrous metals and alloys. Extensive coverage significant technologies in the metals processing industries. Covering the on aluminum, titanium, and copper. 1800 illustrations, hundreds of tables breadth and significance of induction heating and heat treatment and data sheets. technologies and applications, this new ASM Handbook is a must-have addition to the bookshelf of any materials and manufacturing professional.
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Volume 4D: Heat Treating of Irons and THE ASM HANDBOOK VOLUME 4 SERIES Steels Volumes 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E Heat Treating Set Edited by Jon L. Dossett and George E. Totten 2014 • 730 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-073-6 ISBN: 978-1-62708-066-8 SAVE Product Code: 05451G Product Code: 05352G UP TO Price: $1,335 / ASM Member: $995 Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 $150 Stock your library and save by purchasing the Packed with information and knowledge for anyone complete 5-volume set. who uses or works with heat treated steels or cast irons. Written and reviewed by recognized authorities, this new handbook gives you in-depth articles with details on the processing and properties for all significant applications and types of heat treated ferrous alloys. New Volume 5B: Protective Organic content includes not only updates on new alloys, but also expanded Coatings coverage on the effects of heat treating on the properties for more carbon and low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and other high-alloy Edited by Kenneth B. Tator grades. 2015 • 545 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-081-1 Product Code: 05437G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Volume 4E: Heat Treating of This completely new volume addresses a need for Nonferrous Alloys comprehensive information on organic coatings, Edited by George E. Totten including coating materials, surface preparation, application processes, industrial uses, and coating evaluation and 2016 • 712 pages analysis methods. This volume is essential for industrial coating users, 978-1-62708-112-2 specifiers, and contractors. The content in this volume has been written Product Code: 05444G and reviewed by leading industry experts, making this latest ASM Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Handbook the definitive resource on this important topic. Plus, Volume This new volume completes the series of five 5B is the first volume in the ASM Handbook series to be printed in full volumes on the major technological subject of color. heat treating. This singular work gives engineers, analysts, and technicians a one-stop source on the wide variety of Volume 6: Welding, Brazing and Soldering nonferrous alloys. With expanded coverage on both the industrial practice and the science of heat treating, this new handbook provides Edited by D.L. Olson, T.A. Siewert, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards more practical information to guide processing requirements and the 1993 • 1299 pages necessary background information for those without extensive prior ISBN: 978-0-87170-382-8 knowledge. Product Code: 06480G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Practical advice on consumable selection and procedure development, Volume 5: Surface Engineering as well as joining fundamentals, processes, assemblies and selection. More than 500 illustrations and 400 tables. 1994 • 1056 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-384-2 Product Code: 06125G Volume 6A: Welding Fundamentals Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 and Processes Detailed information on surface cleaning, finishing Edited by T. Lienert, T. Siewert, and coating provided through published articles on S. Babu, and V. Acoff testing of coatings and thin films, environmental 2011 • 936 pages concerns, and surface engineering of nonmetallic ISBN: 978-1-61503-133-7 structural materials. Expanded analysis of advanced Product Code: 05264G processes such as chemical and physical vapor deposition and diffusion Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 coatings. Continuous coatings, electroplating and finishing methods. A focused revision of the welding process information in Volume 6: Welding, Brazing and Soldering (1993). Updated and expanded articles on the fundamental principles of welding, including heat transfer, Volume 5A: Thermal solidification, residual stress, and distortion. Workhorse methods of arc and Spray Technology resistance welding, friction stir welding, laser beam welding, explosive welding, and ultrasonic welding. Edited by Robert C. Tucker, Jr. 2013 • 412 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-996-8 Brazing Handbook Fifth Edition Product Code: 05348G American Welding Society Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 2007 • 704 pages Co-published by the Thermal Spray Society and ISBN: 0-87171-046-8 ASM International. Replaces the Handbook of Product Code: 05336G Thermal Spray Technology, edited by J.R. Davis Price: $144 / ASM Member: $115 (2004). Covers principles, processes, types of coatings, applications, By agreement between the American Welding performance, and testing/analysis. An excellent introduction and guidebook Society C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering for those new to thermal spray. and the ASM Handbook Committee, the AWS Expanded selection of applications includes electronics and Brazing Handbook has been formally adopted as part of the ASM semiconductors, automotive, energy, and biomedical. Prominent thermal Handbook series, and is significantly updated and expanded. spray markets such as aerospace and industrial gas turbines, and areas of growth such as advanced thermal barrier materials are also reviewed. A comprehensive, organized survey of the basics of brazing, processes, and applications. Fundamentals of brazing, brazement design, brazing filler metals and fluxes, safety, and health. New chapters on induction and diamond brazing. ASM HANDBOOKS 3
Volume 7: Powder Metallurgy Volume 12: Fractography Edited by Prasan K. Samal and Joseph W. Newkirk 1987 • 517 pages 2015 • 907 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-018-6 ISBN: 978-1-62708-089-3 Product Code: 06365G Product Code: 05438G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Over 1900 illustrations and fractographs, along with The updated and revised volume covers all aspects 41 tables, provide engineers with enhanced of powder metallurgy – including powder production capability for recognizing and interpreting the and characterization, powder compaction, sintering, various features of a fracture. Supplemental and compaction methods – and features new illustrations of failed metal-matrix composites, resin- coverage of metal injection molding. Extensive coverage is provided of matrix composites, polymers, and electronic ferrous and nonferrous powder metallurgy materials. The new handbook materials. format simplifies understanding of process and property relationships by treating each metal/alloy family in individual divisions. SET SALE! Volume 8: Mechanical Testing and Evaluation SAVE UP TO Volumes 13A, 13B & 13C Edited by H. Kuhn and D. Medlin $ Product Code: 05194G 2000 • 998 pages 104 Price: $787 / ASM Member: $595 Three-volume update of the landmark 1987 Metals Handbook ISBN: 978-0-87170-389-7 volume on corrosion. Product Code: 06772G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Volume 13A: Corrosion: Fundamentals, Mechanical properties and testing of metals, plastics, ceramics, and Testing, and Protection composites. Comparative mechanical properties and characteristics of materials included throughout. References to ISO, ASTM, DIN, EN, JIS Edited by Stephen D. Cramer and Bernard S. Covino, Jr. and other standards. 2003 • 1135 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-705-5 Volume 9: Metallography Product Code: 06494G and Microstructures Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Every article from the 1987 edition has been reviewed, Edited by G.F. Vander Voort revised, expanded, and updated. Six major sections: 2004 • 1184 pages Fundamentals of Corrosion, Forms of Corrosion, ISBN: 978-0-87170-706-2 Corrosion Testing and Evaluation, Methods of Corrosion Protection, Product Code: 06044G Designing for Corrosion Control, and Prevention Tools for the Corrosionist. BEST Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 SELLER Recommended for anyone who specifies, Volume 13B: Corrosion: Materials performs, monitors, evaluates, or uses Edited by Stephen D. Cramer and Bernard S. Covino, Jr. metallurgical analysis for production QC, research, or educational training. Important updates reflecting the 2005 • 703 pages substantial changes in automation, equipment, consumable products and ISBN: 978-0-87170-707-9 preparation methodology, as well as new metals, alloys and Product Code: 06508G manufacturing technologies that have emerged since 1985. Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 48 peer-reviewed articles on how ferrous metals, Volume 10: Materials Characterization nonferrous metals, and nonmetals are affected by various elements. Covers: processed materials, 1986 • 761 pages including thermal spray coatings, electroplated ISBN: 978-0-87170-016-2 materials, and clad metals; special products, such as amorphous materials, Product Code: 06358G intermetallics, and metal matrix composites; and nonmetallics, including Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 ceramics, concrete, coatings, composites, and elastomers. Features article An easy-to-understand reference on modern analytical techniques. More on global cost of corrosion and full-color gallery of corrosion damage. than 950 illustrations and 95 tables emphasize the practical rather than theoretical. Most common applications and limitations of each method. Volume 13C: Corrosion: Environments and Industries Volume 11: Failure Analysis and Edited by Stephen D. Cramer and Bernard S. Covino, Jr. Prevention 2006 • 1168 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-709-3 Edited by R.J. Shipley and Product Code: 05145G W.T. Becker Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 2002 • 1164 pages How corrosion impacts segments of the world ISBN: 978-0-87170-704-8 economy – by environment and by industry sector. BEST Product Code: 06072G SELLER Provides answers to corrosion problems affecting your industry and ways Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 to address corrosion issues in the environments that your equipment General engineering aspects of failure experiences. Over 250 leading authorities have written or reviewed articles prevention and fundamental root causes, in this volume. materials selection, and role of design reviews. Features failures related to metals manufacturing operations and the increasingly important role of life assessment methods in failure prevention. Learn the failure analysis process, principles, practices, tools, and techniques used to perform and evaluate failure analysis work and the causes, mechanisms, appearances, and prevention methodology for the four classic types of failure.
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Volume 17: Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials SAVE SET SALE! UP TO Volumes 14A and 14B Edited by Aquil Ahmad and Leonard J. Bond $87 Product Code: 05193G 2018 • Approx. 700 pages Price $507 / ASM Member: $405 ISBN: 978-1-62708-152-8 Product Code: 05511G Volume 14A: Metalworking Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Bulk Forming Prepublication Price: $267 / ASM Member $205 Prepublication price good through June 30, 2018! Edited by S.L. Semiatin ASM Handbook, Volume 17 helps readers 2005 • 888 pages select, use, and interpret methods used to ISBN: 978-0-87170-708-6 nondestructively test and analyze engineered Product Code: 06957G PRE-PUB products and assemblies. Digital technology is Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 transforming the implementation of NDE and is For manufacturing, materials, and design covered extensively. New case studies and engineers. Covers the process-design examples illustrate specific NDE techniques and relationships needed to select and control give new insights which are needed to provide the data needed to solve metalworking operations that produce shapes many real-world NDE problems, to understand and measure early from forging, extrusion, drawing, and rolling degradation, and to give the required data for remaining safe life or methods. prognostic prediction. Volume 18: Friction, Lubrication, and Volume 14B: Metalworking Wear Technology Sheet Forming Edited by George E. Totten Edited by S.L. Semiatin 2017 • 1108 pages 2006 • 940 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-141-2 ISBN: 978-0-87170-710-9 Product Code: 05510G Product Code: 05120G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 The 2017 edition of this volume is a For product and production engineers. NEW comprehensive, up-to-date resource on surface Methods of sheet metal fabrication engineering, lubrication, design, and materials technologies, selection of equipment and die selection strategies to improve the reliability and materials, specification of forming practices for operational life of components. Engineers, researchers, analysts, specific alloys, and new techniques for process materials scientists, and students will find in-depth practical insights, design and control. development trends, and solutions for improved engineering performance through informed materials selection, lubrication use, design, operation, and employment of surface treatments and coatings.
Volume 19: Fatigue and Fracture Volume 15: Casting 1996 • 1057 pages S. Viswanathan, Editorial Chair; D. Apelian, ISBN: 978-0-87170-385-9 R. DasGupta, M. Gywn, J.L. Jorstad, R.W. Product Code: 06197G Monroe, T.E. Prucha, M. Sahoo, E.S. Szekeres, Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 and D. Twarog Especially valuable in evaluating test data and 2008 • 1256 pages knowing the key variables that affect results. Gain a ISBN: 978-0-87170-711-6 better understanding of fracture mechanics to aid in Product Code: 05115G life assessment and life extension of components. Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Molten metal processing, solidification Volume 20: Materials Selection behavior, modeling, molding, foundry practice, and casting properties. Basic steps and and Design equipment are described for casting processes, along with their Edited by G.E. Dieter advantages, limitations, and applications. 1997 • 901 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-386-6 Product Code: 06481G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Volume 16: Machining Contributions from more than 100 experts involved with design, materials selection, and manufacturing. 1989 • 944 pages Covers metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites ISBN: 978-0-87170-022-3 and provides case histories and examples. Product Code: 06022G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Volume 21: Composites 1300 illustrations and 620 tables provide detailed descriptions of various machining and grinding Edited by D.B. Miracle and S.L. Donaldson processes. Guidelines for proper selection of 2001 • 1201 pages cutting tool materials and cutting fluids. ISBN: 978-0-87170-703-1 Product Code: 06781G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 A completely revised and updated version of the Engineered Materials Handbook. Contributions from more than 300 experts representing industry, academia, and research cover the capabilities and applications of all commercially significant types of composite materials. ASM HANDBOOKS 5
ASM Handbook SAVE SET SALE! Complete Set UP TO Volumes 22A & 22B Modeling 2-Volume Set Save up to $1095! $ Product Code: 05320G 87 35 Volumes Price: $507 / ASM Member: $405 ISBN: 978-1-62708-026-2 Product Code: 06951G Volume 22A: Fundamentals of Price: $9300 / ASM Member: $6975 Modeling for Metals Processing The ASM Handbook® series contains Edited by David Furrer and Lee Semiatin peer-reviewed, trusted information in every area of materials specialization. 2009 • 748 pages The series is the industry’s best known ISBN: 978-0-61503-001-9 and most comprehensive source of Product Code: 05215G information on ferrous and nonferrous Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 metals and materials technology and is Development of metallic materials and process BEST packed with over 35,000 pages of models that affect nearly every manufacturing SELLER articles, illustrations, tables, graphs, industry. A solid foundation of the underlying specifications and practical examples for physics that support many industrial simulation today’s engineer. software packages. ASM Handbook Complete Volume 22B: Metals Process Print Library Simulation Product Code: 05171G Edited by David Furrer and Lee Semiatin Price: $11,500 / ASM Member: $8600 2010 • 724 pages The easiest and most cost-effective way to build a comprehensive ISBN: 978-0-61503-005-7 materials library! Product Code: 05281G Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 Includes: ● ASM Handbook Volumes 1-23 Fundamentals include input data, thermophysical properties and their measurement, phase diagrams, ● Engineered Materials Handbook 3-Volume Set and microstructure. Processes include solidification, ● ASM Desk Editions 2-Volume Set casting, metal forming, machining, joining, and heat treatment. Design ● ASM Specialty Handbook 9-Volume Set topics include design optimization, error propagation and uncertainty, and cost estimating.
ASM Handbook Complete Set DVD Volume 23: Materials for Medical 2017 Edition Devices 2017 • ASM International Edited by Roger Narayan ISBN: 978-1-62708-140-5 2012 • 396 pages Product Code: 05508V ISBN: 978-1-61503-827-5 Price: $6300 / ASM Member: $5800 Product Code: 05285G Contains peer-reviewed, trusted information in Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 every area of materials specialization. The current Implant materials covered include stainless steels, set – 34 volumes, with more than 2,700 in-depth handbook articles, cobalt-base alloys, titanium, shape memory alloys, 35,289 pages – available on one disc! Search across the entire series or noble metals, ceramics, and polymers. Sections on failure analysis, browse the table of contents for each volume. The content is presented biotribology and implant wear, corrosion, and biocompatibility. in PDF format, with all of the standard Adobe Reader functions for navigation and finding content within articles. Use with any Windows® platform laptop or desktop PC with a DVD drive. Articles can be printed. Text, tables, and images can be copied and pasted. Note: Disc files cannot be copied. DVD must be present in the local machine for content access. Purchasers of previous ASM Handbook CD or DVD Complete Sets can receive a special upgrade discount. Contact the ASM Member Service Center Gain instant access everywhere, anytime for details. Does not include Volume 1A, Volume 17 (2018 edition), or Volume 18 (2017 edition). Access the full content of the ASM Handbooks from your desktop. Find the information you need with a few clicks. Updated quarterly.
® Explore the database at: Metals Handbook Desk Edition, products.asminternational.org/hbk 2nd Edition Edited by J.R. Davis 1998 • 1521 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-654-6 Product Code: 06542G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $305 The best of the ASM Handbook® series. A BEST convenient source on the properties, selection, processing, testing, and SELLER characterization of metals and their alloys.
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Phase Diagrams: Materials and Coatings for Medical Understanding the Basics Devices: Cardiovascular Edited by F.C. Campbell 2009 • 452 pages 2012 • 470 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-000-2 ISBN: 978-1-61503-835-0 Product Code: 05269G Product Code: 05342G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 A unique volume of engineering property data with Exceptionally well-written text for non-metallurgists detailed biological response information, in a or anyone seeking a quick refresher on an consistent data sheet format, for the materials and essential tool in modern metallurgy. Ample illustrations for all important coatings for cardiovascular medical devices. The emphasis is on materials liquid and solid reactions. Gas-metal reactions, important in metals and coatings used in FDA-approved implantable devices. processing and in-service corrosion, are also discussed.
Advances in Materials Technology SET SALE! SAVE for Fossil Power Plants UP TO Worldwide Guide 2-Volume Set Proceedings from the Eighth International $ Product Code: 05192G Conference 67 Price: $547 / ASM Member: $405 Edited by: J. Parker, J. Shingledecker and J. Siefert Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons 2016 • 1288 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-131-3 & Steels, 5th Edition Product Code: 06839G 2006 • 1416 pages Price: $187 / ASM Member $135 ISBN: 978-0-87170-822-9 The eighth in a series of conferences on the Product Code: 05121G subject of materials for advanced plants, held Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 every three years by EPRI. Boiler, turbine, and balance-of-plant material Standard worldwide designations for cast irons issues are covered. Co-published by the Electric Power Research BEST SELLER and steels, wrought carbon and alloy steels, plus Institute (EPRI) and ASM International. stainless, high-strength, and tool steels. Entries for more than 30,000 alloy designations. Well over 5,000 entries have been updated and over 3,000 are new additions. Lightweight Materials: Coverage for specifications and designations from Japan, China, India, Understanding the Basics and South Korea. Edited by F.C. Campbell Worldwide Guide to Equivalent 2012 • 720 pages Nonferrous Metals and Alloys, ISBN: 978-1-61503-849-7 4th Edition Product Code: 05355G 2001 • 1036 pages Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 ISBN: 978-0-87170-741-3 Learn the basics of aluminum, titanium, magnesium, Product Code:06735G beryllium, engineering plastics, polymer-, metal-, and Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 ceramic-matrix composites, and structural ceramics. Includes basic metallurgy or materials science aspects of each material, as Over 20,000 alloy designations, including a well as properties, processing, and applications. Guidelines for selecting complete listing of UNS designations. Includes materials for specific weight-critical applications. comprehensive treatment of current European and Japanese standards.
Alloying: Understanding the Basics Edited by J.R. Davis 2001 • 647 pages Thermodynamics of Microstructures ISBN: 978-0-87170-744-4 Product Code: 06117G By Taiji Nishizawa, translated by Kiyohito Ishida Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 2008 • 308 pages A complete guide to the influence of alloy additions ISBN: 978-0-87170-716-1 on mechanical properties, physical properties, Product Code: 05232G corrosion and chemical behavior, and processing Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 and manufacturing characteristics. Fundamental relationships governing the behavior of microstructures.
MS&T 2016 CD Published by MS&T Partner Societies CD-ROM papers in PDF format ISBN: 978-0-87339-764-3 ASM Metals Reference Book, 3rd Edition Product Code: 05508A Edited by M.L. Bauccio Price: Price: $203 / ASM Member: $152 1993 • 614 pages Proceedings from the Materials Science and ISBN: 978-0-87170-478-8 Technology 2016 Conference, Salt Lake City, UT, Product Code: 06118G October 23-27, 2016. Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Chemical compositions, physical and mechanical properties, manufacturing processes, applications, pertinent specifications and standards, and test methods. GENERAL ENGINEERING REFERENCE 7
A “MUST-HAVE” READY REFERENCE The History of Metals in America ON METALLURGY! By Charles R. Simcoe Metallurgy for the Edited by Frances Richards Non-Metallurgist™ 2nd Edition 2018 • Approximately 300 pages Edited by Arthur C. Reardon ISBN: 978-1-62708-145-0 Product Code: 05925G BEST 2011 • 526 pages Price: $99 / ASM Member: $75 ISBN: 978-1-61503-821-3 PRE-PUB SELLER Prepublication price: $89 / ASM Member: $67 Product Code: 05306G Prepublication price good through April 30, 2018! Price: $177 / ASM Member: $135 This book chronicles the development of metals as both Provides a modern view of the basic principles and current practices of an industrial activity and a science. Progress involving structural metals metallurgy. Recommended for anyone who uses, makes, buys or tests made possible the air, land, sea, and space travel of today, skyscrapers metal products. Answer all your basic metallurgy questions by using reaching over 100 stories high, and many other engineering accomplish- this updated reference featuring many new illustrations, examples, and ments that continue to shape modern society. Journey through the evo- descriptions. lution of metals and metallurgy from the first iron plant in 1645 to the prevailing metals of the 21st century. Charles R. Simcoe wrote more than Named as an “Outstanding Academic Title.” - Choice: 40 articles for ASM International’s Advanced Materials & Processes Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, January 2013 magazine, including a monthly series entitled “Metallurgy Lane,” which became the basis for this book. SEE METALLURGY FOR THE NON-METALURGIST™ EDUCATION AND TRAINING COURSES ON PAGE 21. Transformations: Selected Works of G.B. Olson on Materials, Microstructure, Elements of Metallurgy and and Design Engineering Alloys Edited by Carelyn E. Campbell, Michele V. Manuel, Edited by F.C. Campbell and Wei Xiong 2008 • 672 pages NEW 2017 • 547 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-867-0 ISBN: 978-1-62708-137-5 Product Code: 05224G Product Code: 06838G Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 Price: $149 / ASM Member: $129 A thorough presentation of physical and mechanical ASM International and The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) metallurgical concepts along with a practical survey of all important have collaborated to present a collection of the selected works of Dr. metals, their alloys, and their engineering properties. Covers basic Greg B. Olson in honor of his 70th birthday in 2017. This collection metallurgy, metallic material selection, and application. highlights his influential contributions to the understanding of martensite transformations and the development and application of a systems design approach to materials. Elementary Materials Science By William F. Hosford Dictionary of Metals 2013 • 188 pages Edited by Harold M. Cobb ISBN: 978-1-62708-002-6 2012 • 374 pages Product Code: 05373G ISBN: 978-1-61503-978-4 Price: $83 / ASM Member: $65 Product Code: 05359G An introduction to the subject of materials science with Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 few equations. Intended primarily for students with Includes historical overview beginning with the seven limited science backgrounds and non-techinical professionals in the metals of antiquity. Showcases each metallic element, the discoverer and materials industry. date, naming and its meaning, major applications, significance of the discovery and physical properties.
FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Organize and Run a Failure Investigation SAVE SET SALE! By Daniel P. Dennies UP TO Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis 2-Volume Set 2005 • 223 pages $ Product Code: 06391G 47 Price: $367 / ASM Member: $275 ISBN: 978-0-87170-811-3 Product Code: 05118G Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis Volume 1 Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Edited by K.A. Esaklul Outlines a proven, systematic approach to failure investigation. Explains the relationship between various failure sources and the organization and 1992 • 504 pages, 115 case histories conduct of the investigation. ISBN: 978-0-87170-453-5 • Product Code: 06340G Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Systems Failure Analysis Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis Volume 2 By Joseph Berk Edited by K.A. Esaklul 2009 • 214 pages 1993 • 583 pages, 120 case histories ISBN: 978-1-61503-012-5 ISBN: 978-0-87170-495-5 • Product Code: 06410G Product Code: 05278G Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 Learn how others have solved failures in various industries such as Learn how to prevent complex systems failures. Written for automotive, aerospace, utilities, oil and gas, petrochemical, biomedical, engineers, quality assurance specialitsts, and purchasing personnel in ground transportation, off-highway vehicles, and more. organizations that produce or procure complex systems in the aerospace, defense, automotive, biomedical, electronic, and related industries. 8 FAILURE ANALYSIS
Understanding How Components Fail, Failure Investigation of Boiler Tubes: 3rd Edition A Comprehensive Approach By Donald J. Wulpi By Paresh Haribhakti, P.B. Joshi, and Rajendra Kumar Edited by Brett Miller 2018 • Approximately 500 pages 2013 • 310 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-156-6 ISBN: 978-1-62708-014-9 Product Code: 05243G Product Code: 05363G PRE-PUB Price: $220 / ASM Member: $165 BEST Price: $177 / ASM Member: $135 Prepublication price: $199 / ASM Member: $149 SELLER This new edition of the classic best seller preserves Prepublication price good through August 31, 2018! the content from previous editions – focusing on the Failures or forced shutdowns in power plants are often due to boilers, and metallurgical and materials evaluation for failure mode particularly failure of boiler tubes. This book covers properties and identification. Basic principles and practices are clearly explained. This is selection of materials for boiler tubes, damage mechanisms responsible for one of the first books new engineers and technicians should read. failure of boiler tubes, and characterization techniques employed for Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel investigating failures of boiler tubes in thermal power plants and utility boilers of industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) boilers that lead to forced Components outages. A large number of case studies based on the actual failures from Edited by L.C.F. Canale, R.A. Mesquita the field are described, along with photographs and microstructures to and G.E. Totten allow for easy comprehension of the theory behind the failures. The authors 2008 • 652 pages have long standing experience in the field of metallurgy and materials ISBN: 978-0-87170-868-7 technology, failure investigation, remaining life assessment (RLA) and Product Code: 05113G fitness for service (FFS) for industrial plant and equipment, including power plants. Price: $207 / ASM Member $155 Learn how to identify causes of failures, prevent future occurrences, and improve reliability. Numerous examples helpful to designers, engineers, metallurgists, mechanical and materials engineers, Life Lessons of a Failure Analyst quality control technicians, and heat treaters. Special focus on the demands of tool steels and aerospace materials. By McIntyre R. Louthan, Jr. 2016 • 202 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-110-8 The Failure Analysis Society Product Code: 05921G This affiliate society is dedicated to advancing the important Price: $29 / ASM Member: $22 role failure analysis plays in the materials science industry. FAS This compilation of editorials written by popular provides collaboration, networking, and educational instructor of the ASM course Metallurgy for the Non- opportunities for materials science professionals. MetallurgistTM and the former editor-in-chief of the Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention is applicable to failure analysts and all others looking to achieve success in almost any career.
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METALLOGRAPHY & MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION Inspection of Metals: Understanding the Basics Light Microscopy of Carbon Steels Edited by F.C. Campbell By L.E. Samuels 2013 • 487 pages 1999 • 502 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-000-2 ISBN: 978-0-87170-655-3 Product Code: 05372G Product Code: 06656G Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 Price: $237 / ASM Member: $175 Emphasizes final part inspection at the manufacturing “How to” book gives everyday working examples and facility or on receipt at the user’s facility. Provides an discusses the relationship between the constitution, intermediate level overview to the different methods used to inspect metals properties, and microstructure of various carbon steel products. Over and finished parts and a more detailed review of the specific inspection 1,200 micrographs and 90 other figures. methods for important metal product forms. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, including when other methods Metallographic Polishing by Mechanical may be warranted. Chapters on specific product forms (e.g., castings) Methods, 4th Edition compare the different inspection methods and why they are used. By L.E. Samuels Metallography: Principles 2003 • 345 pages and Practice ISBN: 978-0-87170-779-6 Product Code: 06964G By G. Vander Voort Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 1984 • 752 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-672-0 Product Code: 06785G Price: $177 / ASM Member: $135 ALSO SEE A proven reference work for metallographers, engineers, and technicians as well as students. ASM Handbook, Volume 9: Metallography and Thoroughly referenced and well-illustrated with an Microstructures, page 3 extensive collection of micrographs and macrographs. METALLOGRAPHY & MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 9
Metallography of Steels: Interpretation of Structure and the The International Metallographic Society Effects of Processing Information, relationships, and services that advance the By Hubertus Colpaert careers of professionals involved in the examination, analysis, Updated and translated by André Luiz V. da Costa e Silva characterization, structure, and evaluation of materials. Join 2018 • Approx. 700 pages ASM and be part of this exclusive affiliate society! ISBN: 978-1-62708-148-1 Product Code: 05922G Become a member today. PRE-PUB Visit Price: $199 / ASM Member: $149 ims.asminternational.org Prepublication price: $179 / ASM Member $139 Prepublication price good through April 30, 2018! This book is a combination of a metallographic atlas for steels and cast irons and an introductory textbook covering the fundamentals of phase Atlas of Stress-Strain Curves, transformations and heat treatment of these materials. Every important stage of processing, from casting to cold working is clearly discussed and 2nd Edition copiously illustrated with metallographs that show the obtained structures, 2002 • 816 pages both desired and those achieved when deviations occur. A valuable ISBN: 978-0-87170-739-0 companion even for experienced steel practitioners. Product Code: 06825G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 More than 1400 curves normalized in appearance to aid making comparisons among materials. All Hardness Testing: Principles diagrams include metric (SI) units, and many also and Applications include U.S. customary units captioned with Edited by Dr. Konrad Herrmann, et al. standard designation, the primary source of the curve, mechanical 2011 • 262 pages properties, condition of sample, strain rate, test temperature, and alloy composition. ISBN: 978-1-61503-832-9 Product Code: 05331G Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 Hardness testing of metals, plastics, rubber and Tensile Testing, 2nd Edition other materials. Technical developments such as the Edited by J.R. Davis introduction of image processing in the Brinell and 2004 • 283 pages Vickers method, the adaptation of hardness testing machines to process- oriented testing conditions, and the development of highly accurate and ISBN: 978-0-87170-806-9 Product Code: 05106G efficient calibration methods. Price: $137 / ASM Member: $105 A complete guide to the uniaxial tensile test, the cornerstone test for determining the mechanical properties of materials. Learn ways to predict Optical Microscopy of Fiber- material behavior through tensile testing, and how Reinforced Composites to test metals, alloys, composites, ceramics, and plastics to determine strength, ductility and elastic/ By Brian S. Hayes and Luther M. Gammon plastic deformation. 2010 • 284 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-044-6 Product Code: 05303G Price: $177 / ASM Member: $135 Nondestructive Testing Optical microscopy is one of the most valuable, but By L. Cartz under-utilized, tools for analyzing fiber-reinforced 1995 • 229 pages polymer matrix composites. Hands-on book covers: ISBN: 978-0-87170-517-4 sample preparation, microscopic techniques, and applications. Over 180 Product Code: 06390G full color images illustrate the technology’s power to study the Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 microstructure of heterogeneous, anisotropic materials. Problems and defects of all kinds arise in the development and use of mechanical devices, electrical equipment, hydraulic systems, and Metallographer’s Guide: Practices and transportation mechanisms. However, an extremely wide range of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are available to help Procedures for Irons and Steels you examine these different problems and various defects in an By B.L. Bramfitt and A.O. Benscoter assortment of materials under varying circumstances. 2002 • 354 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-748-2 Product Code: 06040G Metallographic Etching, 2nd Edition Price: $257 / ASM Member: $185 By G. Petzow Important metallurgical concepts related to the 1999 • 240 pages microstructures of irons and steels. More than 500 ISBN: 978-0-87170-633-1 representative microstructures, and how they can be Product Code: 06670G altered by heat treatment and other means. Price: $127 / ASM Member: $95 An outstanding source on etchants of all types and electrolytic polishing solutions used by metallographers to reveal the structure of nearly any material to be prepared and examined.
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Fatigue and Fracture: Understanding the Basics SAVE SET SALE! UP TO Fatigue and Durability 2-Volume Set Edited by F.C. Campbell $ Product Code: 05282G 2012 • 698 pages 57 Price: $457 / ASM Member: $375 ISBN: 978-1-61503-976-0 Product Code: 05361G Fatigue and Durability of Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 Structural Materials Covers mechanical properties of materials, By S.S. Manson and G.R. Halford differences between ductile and brittle fractures, fracture mechanics, the basics of fatigue, 2006 • 456 pages structural joints, high temperature failures, wear, environmentally-induced ISBN: 978-0-87170-825-0 failures, and steps in the failure analysis process. Chapters devoted to Product Code: 06987G fatigue and fracture of steels, aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium Price: $257 / ASM Member: $185 alloys, ceramics, polymers, and continuous fiber polymer matrix Focuses on metallic materials but also addresses composites. unique capabilities of important nonmetals.
Fatigue and Durability of Metals Mechanics and Mechanisms of at High Temperatures Fracture: An Introduction By S.S. Manson and G.R. Halford By A.F. Liu 2009 • 268 pages 2005 • 458 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-718-5 “Recommended.” - Choice: Current Reviews for Product Code: 05206G Academic Libraries, June 2006 Price: $257 / ASM Member: $185 ISBN: 978-0-87170-802-1 Written by preeminent experts, this work gives Product Code: 06954G development engineers, students, and component Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 designers an important reference on how to analyze Fundamental and practical concepts of fracture time-dependent metal fatigue at high temperatures. are described in terms of stress analysis and the mechanical behavior of materials.
Atlas of Fatigue Curves Fatigue and Fracture Reference Edited by H.E. Boyer Library DVD 2012 Edition 1986 • 518 pages • Illustrated 2012 • ASM International ISBN: 978-0-87170-214-2 ISBN: 978-1-61503-981-4 Product Code: 06156G Product Code: 05366V Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Price: $703 / ASM Member: $601 More than 500 fatigue curves for industrial The most comprehensive collection of fatigue and ferrous and nonferrous alloys. Standard fracture technical information and data ever assembled on one disc–more S-N curves, curves showing effect of surface than 10,000 pages in all! hardening on fatigue strength, crack growth-rate curves, curves comparing the A complete guide to the fatigue and fracture behavior of irons, steels, fatigue strengths of various alloys, effect of nonferrous alloys, and composites. Fundamentals, fatigue mechanisms, temperature, humidity, frequency, aging, fatigue strength, fracture mechanics, fatigue and fracture control, and environment and more. much more. DVD can be used with any Windows platform laptop or desktop computer with a DVD drive. Articles can be printed, and text, tables, and images can be copied and pasted. Note: The files on the disc cannot be copied, so the DVD must be present in the local Fractography Poster machine for the content to be accessed. By Mohan D. Chaudhari Product Code: 06568G Price: $49 / ASM Member: $37 The ASM Fractography Poster is a ready reference of important surface-fracture appearances for Become a part of ASM’s Shape Memory crack initiation and propagation and Superelastic Technologies modes. The poster illustrates 36 common fracture modes with Share ideas, connect with industry leaders, and build a fractographs for several common lifelong professional network. All are welcome to join and structural steels, cast irons, to help this industry grow. superalloys, Ti-6Al-4V, copper alloys, and tungsten filament. It is Become a member today: smst.asminternational.org designed to be a communication aid for engineers, students, and failure analysts when discussing product performance or failure modes. The poster is approximately 60 cm (2 ft) wide and 90 cm (3 ft) tall.
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Hot Working Guide: A Compendium Extrusion, 2nd Edition of Processing Maps, Edited by M. Bauser, G. Sauer, and K. Siegert Second Edition 2006 • 608 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-837-3 Edited by Y.V.R.K. Prasad, K.P. Rao, and S. Product Code: 06998G Sasidhara Price: $257 / ASM Member: $185 2015 • 628 pages IBSN: 978-1-62708-091-0 Newest edition. Overview of extrusion processes, Product Code: 05445G equipment, and tooling. Metallurgical fundamentals of extrusion are covered in detail. Price: $265 / ASM Member: $199 This is a unique source book with flow stress data for hot working, processing maps with metallurgical interpretation and Cold and Hot Forging: Fundamentals optimum processing conditions for metals, alloys, intermetallics, and metal matrix composites. In the second edition, significant additions of and Applications maps on stainless steels, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys and nickel Edited by T. Altan, G. Ngaile and G. Shen alloys have been made. 2005 • 341 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-805-2 Product Code: 05104G Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 SET SALE! SAVE Fundamentals of forging technology, principal UP TO Sheet Metal Forming: 2-Volume Set variables of the forging process and their $87 Product Code: 05351G interactions, and computer-aided techniques such as finite-element Price: $327 / ASM Member: $245 analysis (FEA) for forging process and tooling design. Sheet Metal Forming: Fundamentals ® Edited by Taylan Altan and A. Erman Tekkaya ASM Specialty Handbook Tool Materials 2012 • 314 pages Edited by J.R. Davis ISBN: 978-1-61503-842-8 1995 • 501 pages Product Code: 05340G ISBN: 978-0-87170-545-7 Price: $207 / ASM Member $155 Product Code: 06506G Principal variables of sheet forming – including Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 interactions between variables – are clearly explained, as a basic foundation for the most effective use of computer aided modeling in Casting Design and Performance process and die design. 2009 • 272 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-724-6 Sheet Metal Forming: Processes Product Code: 05263G and Applications Price: $197 / ASM Member: $145 For designers, manufacturing engineers, and Edited by Taylan Altan and A. Erman Tekkaya purchasing personnel who specify and evaluate metal 2012 • 382 pages castings. General design principles with in-depth ISBN: 978-1-61503-844-2 coverage on important design configurations of cast Product Code: 05350G components, casting design influences in casting Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 solidification and properties. Dynamic properties are described in detail for The latest developments on the design of sheet forming cast iron, steel, and aluminum. operations, equipment, tooling, and process modeling. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture Edited by J.R. Davis Metals Fabrication: 2005 • 339 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-815-1 Understanding the Basics Product Code: 05125G By F.C. Campbell Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 2013 • 439 pages Overview of gears, lubrication and wear; in-depth IBSN: 978-1-62708-018-7 treatment of metallic alloys (ferrous and nonferrous) Product Code: 05374G and plastic gear materials; gear manufacturing Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 methods (including metal removal, casting, forming, and forging); heat This book can be read and understood by anyone treatment; and failure analysis, fatigue life prediction and mechanical testing. with a technical background. It is especially useful to those who deal with metals including designers, Handbook of Workability mechanical engineers, civil engineers, structural engineers, material and process engineers, manufacturing engineers, faculty, and materials science and Process Design students. This volume covers the basics of metal fabrication, delving deep Edited by G.E. Dieter, H.A. Kuhn, into the technology of metals fabrication. and S.L. Semiatin 2003 • 414 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-778-9 Product Code: 06701G Price: $247 / ASM Member: $185
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Advanced High-Strength ASM Specialty Handbook® Steels: Science, Technology Cast Irons and Applications Edited by J.R. Davis By Mahmoud Y. Demeri 1996 • 494 pages 2013 • 312 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-564-8 Product Code: 06613G IBSN: 978-1-62708-005-7 Product Code: 05370G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Basic information on metallurgy, solidification characteristics, and properties, as well as extensive A comprehensive examination of the types, reviews on the low-alloy gray, ductile, compacted microstructures, and attributes of AHSS as well as a graphite, and malleable irons. review of current and future applications, the benefits, trends, and environmental and sustainability issues.
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Engineering Properties of Steel Performance, 2nd Edition Edited by Philip Harvey By George Krauss 1982 • 509 pages 2015 • 682 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-144-2 ISBN: 978-1-62708-083-5 Product Code: 06241G Product Code: 05441G Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Extensive data on properties of more than 425 steels are presented in a ready-reference format BEST This is the essential information resource for that makes information easy to find. SELLER anyone who makes, uses, studies, or designs with steel. The expanded and updated Second Edition emphasizes processing, alloying, micro- structure, deformation, fracture, and properties of major steel types ranging from low-carbon sheet steels, pearlitic rail and Steel Metallurgy for the wire steels, to quench and tempered medium- and high-carbon martensitic Non-Metallurgist steels. Microstructural aspects of steelmaking, hardenability, tempering, sur- face hardening, and embrittlement phenomena have been updated. By John D. Verhoeven 2007 • 225 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-858-8 Product Code: 05214G Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 Stainless Steels for Design Engineers A practical primer on steel metallurgy for those who By Michael F. McGuire select, heat, forge, or machine steel. 2008 • 312 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-717-8 Product Code: 05231G Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 Addresses selection for corrosion resistance, SAVE SET SALE! processing, and major applications. UP TO ® $ ASM Specialty Handbook Steels, 2-Volume Set 67 Product Code: 06491G Price: $547 / ASM Member: $405
ASM Specialty Handbook® Handbook of Residual Stress and Stainless Steels Deformation of Steel Edited by G. Totten, M. Howes, and T. Inoue Edited by J.R. Davis 2002 • 499 pages 1994 • 576 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-729-1 ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7 Product Code: 06700G Product Code: 06398G Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Recommended heat treating practices, methods for Hundreds of figures and tables. Your maintaining temperature uniformity during heating, single resource for stainless information. tips for preventing oxide formation, and techniques for measuring residual stresses. ASM Specialty Handbook® Carbon and Alloy Steels Edited by J.R. Davis 1996 • 731 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-557-0 Product Code: 06611G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231
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Stahlschlüssel (Key To Steel) Steel Castings Handbook, 2016 Edition 6th Edition By Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst GmbH Co-published by Steel Founders’ Society of America 2016 • 895 pages and ASM International ISBN: 978-3-922599-32-6 1995 • 472 pages Product Code: 05512G ISBN: 978-0-87170-556-3 Price: $249 / ASM Member: $215 Product Code: 06820G Decipher steel designations and find equivalent Price: $233 / ASM Member: $175 materials worldwide. More than 70,000 standard Purchase, design, and manufacture of castings designations and trade names from approximately 300 steelmakers and (including casting and molding, heat treatment, suppliers. Covers structural steels, tool steels, valve steels, high and quality assurance), materials selection for temperature steels and alloys, stainless and heat-resisting steels, and mechanical and chemical properties, and more. Standards and designations from 25 countries are cross- materials selection for processing properties. referenced. Text in English, French, and German. Tool Steels, 5th Edition Stahlschlüssel (Key To Steel) By G. Roberts, G. Krauss, CD-ROM 2016 Edition and R. Kennedy By Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst GmbH 1998 • 364 pages 2016 ISBN: 978-0-87170-599-0 Product Code: 06590G ISBN: 978-3-922599-33-3 Product Code: 05512C Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Price: $689 / ASM Member: $605 Contains a significant amount of information from the past two decades presented in an easy-to-use (Single User Network Installation) outline format, making this a “must have” The CD version offers flexible and powerful capabilities, including the ability reference for engineers involved in tool-steel to search for steels by designation, chemical composition, and mechanical/ production, as well as in the selection and use of physical properties. tool steels in metalworking and other materials manufacturing industries.
NONFERROUS METALS Aluminum-Silicon Casting Alloys: Atlas of Microstructures SET SALE! SAVE By Małgorzata Warmuzek UP TO Properties of Aluminum 2-Volume Set 2016 • Approximately 186 pages $ Product Code: 05250G Price: $457 / ASM Member: $335 ISBN: 978-1-62708-108-5 57 Product Code: 05919G Price: $199 / ASM Member: $149 Properties of Aluminum Alloys: This atlas provides engineers and researchers Fatigue Data and the Effects of who work with aluminum castings with a practical Temperature, Product Form, and and substantive tool for the visual analysis of the Processing microscopic images of the microstructure of the aluminum casting alloys, as examined during rou- Edited by J.G. Kaufman tine laboratory procedures. 2008 • 574 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-839-7 Product code: 05156G Aluminum-Silicon Casting Price: $257 / ASM Member: $195 Alloys: Atlas of One of the most comprehensive collections of fatigue data yet available for SAVE aluminum alloys, temperatures, and products. The data, including over UP TO Microstructures and Atlas $ 1000 curves and numerous tables, are presented in a consistent format, 49 of Microfractographs Set conveniently arranged by alloy and temper. By Małgorzata Warmuzek Product Code: 05928G Properties of Aluminum Alloys: Set Price: $278 / ASM Member: $213 Tensile, Creep, and Fatigue Data at High and Low Temperatures Edited by J.G. Kaufman Titanium: Physical Metallurgy, 1999 • 311 pages Processing, and Applications ISBN: 978-0-87170-632-4 Product code: 06813G Edited by F.H. Froes Price: $257 / ASM Member: $195 2015 • 404 pages ISBN: 978-1-62709-079-8 Co-published by the Aluminum Association and Product Code: 05448G ASM International. Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 This book covers all aspects of the history, physical metallurgy, corrosion behavior, cost factors and cur- rent and potential uses of titanium. Extensive detail on extraction processes is discussed, as well as the various beta to alpha TO ORDER, VISIT WWW.ASMINTERNATIONAL.ORG/ transformations and details of the powder metallurgy techniques. REFERENCEPUBS OR CALL 800.336.5152, EXT. 0 14 NONFERROUS METALS
Engineering Properties of Magnesium ASM Specialty Handbook® Alloys Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys Edited by Charles Moosbrugger Edited by J.R. Davis 2017 • 184 pages 1993 • 784 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-143-6 ISBN: 978-0-87170-496-2 Product Code: 05920G Product Code: 06610G Price: $199 / ASM Member: $149 Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Written for engineers, scientists, teachers, and Hundreds of illustrations, tables, and graphs. students engaged in the design process of material Emerging technologies, including aluminum NEW selection and material elimination. While focused on metal-matrix composites, are combined with all mechanical properties for structural design, the the essential aluminum information from the ASM physical properties that are germane to corrosion Handbook® series (with updated statistical behavior and electrical applications are represented. information). Datasheets for individual magnesium alloys provide a handy quick reference to specific properties and performance. Topics such as the alloy designation system and product forms are addressed. ASM Specialty Handbook® Copper and Copper Alloys Edited by J.R. Davis 2001 • 652 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-726-0 Product Code: 06605G Aluminum Extrusion Technology Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Covers the selection and applications of copper By P.K. Saha and copper alloys. Includes all of the essential 2000 • 259 pages information contained in the ASM Handbook® ISBN: 978-0-87170-644-7 series. Product Code: 06826G Price: $207 / ASM Member: $165 Practical information and reviews of important theoretical concepts in the different areas of ASM Specialty Handbook® Heat-Resistant Materials extrusion technology. Intended for technical and Edited by J.R. Davis engineering personnel, as well as research students 1997 • 591 pages • ISBN: 978-0-87170-596-9 in manufacturing. Product Code: 06612G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231
ASM Specialty Handbook® Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys Introduction to Aluminum Alloys Edited by M. Avedesian and H. Baker and Tempers 1999 • 314 pages • ISBN: 978-0-87170-657-7 By J.G. Kaufman Product Code: 06770G 2000 • 258 pages Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 ISBN: 978-0-87170-689-8 Product Code: 06180G ® Price: $43 / ASM Member: $32 ASM Specialty Handbook Nickel, Cobalt, Advantages and limitations of aluminum alloys and and Their Alloys temper combinations in terms of the relationship of Edited by J.R. Davis their composition, process history, and 2000 • 442 pages • ISBN: 978-0-87170-685-0 microstructure to service requirements. Product Code: 06178G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231
SET SALE! Aluminum: Properties and Physical ASM Specialty Handbook Metallurgy 9-Volume Set Edited by John E. Hatch Product Code: 06697Z 1984 • 424 pages Price: $2490 / ASM Member: $1865 ISBN: 978-0-87170-176-3 Product Code: 06236G Includes: Price: $169 / ASM Member: $125 ● Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys A collective effort of 53 recognized experts on ● Cast Irons aluminum and aluminum alloys. This book is a joint SAVE UP TO ● Carbon and Alloy Steels venture by world-renowned authorities and the $ Aluminum Association Inc. and ASM International. 273 ● Copper and Copper Alloys ● Heat-Resistant Materials ● Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys ● Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys ● Stainless Steels ● Tool Materials NONFERROUS METALS 15
Beryllium Chemistry and Processing Superalloys: A Technical Guide, By K.A. Walsh • Edited by E.E. Vidal, A. Goldberg, 2nd Edition E. Dalder, D.L. Olson, and B. Mishra By M.J. Donachie and S.J. Donachie 2009 • 680 pages 2002 • 439 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-721-5 ISBN: 978-0-87170-749-9 Product Code: 05223G Product Code: 06128G Price: $257 / ASM Member: $191 Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Beryllium compounds of industrial interest, Covers virtually all technical aspects related to alloying, casting, powder processing, forming, the selection, processing, use, and analysis of metal removal, joining, and other manufacturing superalloys. processes are covered. Environmental degradation of beryllium and its alloys both in aqueous and high temperature condition, plus health and environmental issues.
Superalloys: Alloying and Performance Aluminum Alloy Castings: Blaine Geddes, Hugo Leon, and Xiao Huang Properties, Processes, and 2010 • 176 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-040-8 Applications Product Code: 05300G By J.G. Kaufman and E.L. Rooy Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 2004 • 340 pages An introduction for understanding the Co-published by ASM International and the compositional complexity of superalloys and the American Foundry Society. wide range of alloys developed for specific ISBN: 978-0-87170-803-8 applications. The basics of alloying, strengthening Product Code: 05114G mechanisms, and structure of superalloys are Price: $257 / ASM Member: $185 explained in optimizing particular mechanical Extensive collections of property and properties, oxidation/ corrosion resistance, and performance data, including aging response manufacturing characteristics such as castability, curves, growth curves, and fatigue curves. forgeability, and weldability.
Titanium: A Technical Guide, Second Edition By M.J. Donachie, Jr. 2000 • 381 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-686-7 Product Code: 06112G Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Significant features of the metallurgy and application of titanium and its alloys.
Materials Properties Handbook: The Surface Treatment and Finishing of Aluminum Titanium Alloys and Its Alloys, (2 Volume Book + CD) Edited by R. Boyer, E.W. Collings, and G. Welsch By P.G. Sheasby and R. Pinner 1994 • 1169 pages 2001 • 1387 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-481-8 Co-published by Finishing Publications Ltd. and ASM International Product Code: 06005G Vol. 1 ISBN: 978-0-90447-721-4 Price: $357 / ASM Member: $265 Vol. 2 ISBN: 978-0-90447-722-1 The most comprehensive titanium data package CD ISBN: 978-0-90447-723-8 ever assembled. Information on applications, Product Code: 06945G physical properties, corrosion, mechanical Price: $477 / ASM Member: $405 properties, fatigue, fracture properties, and elevated temperature properties. A comprehensive review and guide to surface engineering – cleaning, finishing, and coating – of aluminum and its alloys. Covers anodizing and coloring treatments. Two-volume set, including CD.
TO ORDER, VISIT WWW.ASMINTERNATIONAL.ORG/REFERENCEPUBS OR CALL 800.336.5152, EXT. 0 16 WELDING, BRAZING & SOLDERING
Principles of Brazing By David M. Jacobson and Giles Humpston 2005 • 268 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-812-0 Product Code: 05123G Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Compares joining methods, explains the fundamental parameters of brazes, and surveys the metallurgy of braze alloy systems.
SAVE UP TO Principles of Soldering $ 39 By Giles Humpston and David M. Jacobson 2004 • 271 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-792-5 SET SALE! Product Code: 06244G Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Principles of Brazing and Principles of Soldering Product Code: 05124G The fundamental characteristics of solders, fluxes, and joining Price: $287 / ASM Member: $215 environments and the impact these have in the selection and successful use of soldering.
Weld Integrity and Performance Brazing, 2nd Edition 1997 • 417 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-600-3 By M.M. Schwartz Product Code: 06593G 2003 • 421 pages Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 ISBN: 978-0-87170-784-0 Product Code: 06955G For welding engineers, welders, metallurgists, and materials science engineers involved with Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 the application, fabrication, and assessment of This popular book answers practical questions welded structures. Selected articles are that arise in the application and use of brazing compiled from various ASM International technology. A current and comprehensive publications that deal with structural welds resource on brazing fundamentals. involving important ferrous and nonferrous engineering metals and alloys.
Soldering: Understanding the Basics Volume 6A: Welding By M.M. Schwartz Fundamentals and Processes 2014 • 184 pages Edited by T. Lienert, T. Siewert, IBSN: 978-1-62708-058-3 S. Babu, and V. Acoff Product Code: 05338G 2011 • 936 pages Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 ISBN: 978-1-61503-133-7 Covers various soldering methods and Product Code: 05264G techniques as well as the latest on solder alloys, Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 solder films, surface preparation, fluxes and A focused revision of the welding process cleaning methods, heating methods, inspection information in Volume 6: Welding, Brazing and techniques, and quality control and reliability. Soldering (1993). Updated and expanded articles on the fundamental principles of welding, including heat transfer, solidification, residual stress, and distortion. Workhorse methods of arc and resistance welding, friction stir welding, laser beam welding, Joining: Understanding the Basics explosive welding, and ultrasonic welding. Edited by F.C. Campbell 2011 • 346 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-825-1 Product Code: 05329G Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 Extends ASM’s Understanding the Basics series into fabrication technologies. An introduction to welding, brazing, soldering, fastening, and adhesive bonding. Addresses metallurgical issues that must be understood during welding, including joining systems of materials that are the same, similar, or different. HEAT TREATING 17
Vacuum Heat Treatment: Applications, SET SALE! Equipment, and Operation SAVE UP TO Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams, 2-Volume Set By Daniel H. Herring • Publisher: BNP Media $ Irons & Steels / Nonferrous Alloys 67 Product Code: 06191G 2016 • 1076 pages Price: $547 / ASM Member: $405 ISBN: 978-0-692-76738-2 Product Code: 75192G Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Price: $154.99 / ASM Member: $139.49 These two volumes comprise the most comprehensive collection of time-temperature diagrams. Each volume features commonly used This book provides a wide range of useful practical curves as well as out-of-print and difficult-to-find data. and technical information to help readers make better decisions about their equipment, process, Irons & Steels Nonferrous Alloys and service needs. Edited by G. Vander Voort Edited by G. Vander Voort 1991 • 804 pages • 1839 diagrams 1991 • 474 pages • 500 diagrams Atmosphere Heat Treatment ISBN: 978-0-87170-415-3 ISBN: 978-0-87170-428-3 By Daniel H. Herring • Publisher: BNP Media Product Code: 06150G Product Code: 06190G Volume 1: Principles, Applications, Equipment Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 2014 • 700 pages ISBN: 978-0-692-28393-6 Heat Treater’s Color Poster Product Code: 75149G Product Code: 06423G Price: $154.99 / ASM Member $139.49 Price: $39 / ASM Member $29 Volume 1 emphasizes fundamental principles, materials, metallurgy, The iron-carbon (Fe-C) phase diagram can be applications, and equipment. used as a map to chart the proper sequence of operations for heat treating of a given steel. This Volume 2: Atmospheres, Quenching, Testing popular poster shows the iron-carbon/cementite 2015 • 824 pages equilibrium phase diagram, with representative ISBN: 978-0-692-51299-9 microstructures for important phases. The Product Code: 75169G poster is approximately 60 cm (2 ft) wide and 90 cm (3 ft) tall. Price: $154.99 / ASM Member $139.49 Volume 2 focuses on furnace atmospheres, quenching practices, testing, safety, conservation, maintenance, and specification compliance. SAVE SET SALE! UP TO Heat Treater’s Guides, $ 2-Volume Set Product Code: 06489G Practical Induction Heat Treating, 67 Price: $547 / ASM Member: $405 Second Edition Heat Treater’s Guide: Practices and By R.E. Haimbaugh Procedures for Irons and Steels, 2015 • 365 pages 2nd Edition ISBN: 978-1-62708-089-7 Product Code: 05505G 1995 • 904 pages • ISBN: 978-0-87170-520-4 BEST Product Code: 06400G Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 SELLER Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 A quick reference source for induction heaters and ties in the metallurgy, theory, and practice of Each data sheet gives the chemical induction heat treating from a hands-on explanation of what floor people composition of the alloy, a listing of similar U.S. and foreign alloys, its need to know. Includes updated information on quenching methods, characteristics, and the recommended heat treating procedure. applications, inspection for quality control and material on power supplies. Additional heat treating data is included, such as representative micrographs, isothermal transformation diagrams, cooling transformation diagrams, tempering curves, and data on dimensional change. SteCal® 3.0 (CD + Booklet) By P. Tarin and J. Pérez Heat Treater’s Guide: Practices and Procedures for 2004 • Microsoft Windows format Nonferrous Alloys ISBN: 978-0-87170-796-3 1996 • 669 pages • ISBN: 978-0-87170-565-5 Product Code: 07482A Product Code: 06325G Price: $447 / ASM Member: $335 Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Use for predicting the properties obtained from heat Quick access to recommended heat treating information for hundreds treating low-alloy steels. An excellent tool for heat of nonferrous alloys, plus composition, trade names, common name, treaters to use in estimating and refining heat treating specifications (both U.S. and foreign), available product forms, and typical parameters for unfamiliar steels, or comparing the properties of two steels applications. Information is presented by alloy group in the datasheet of different composition to arrive at the most appropriate composition for format established in the companion edition on irons and steels. a particular application. Heat Treatment of Gears: A Practical Practical Nitriding and Ferritic Guide for Engineers Nitrocarburizing By A.K. Rakhit By David Pye 2000 • 209 pages 2003 • 256 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-694-2 ISBN: 978-0-87170-791-8 Product Code: 06732G Product Code: 06950G Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 Heat treat distortion of gears is discussed in detail This book will help you to understand nitriding and for the major heat treat processes. A case history nitrocarburizing processes, select the appropriate of each successful gear heat treat process is process and process parameters, control the process, evaluate results, and included. troubleshoot. 18 HEAT TREATING
Elements of Induction Heating: Surface Hardening of Steels: Understanding the Basics Design, Control, & Applications Edited by J.R. Davis By S. Zinn, S.L. Semiatin 2002 • 364 pages 1988 • 335 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-764-2 ISBN: 978-0-87170-308-8 Product Code: 06952G Product Code: 06522G Price: $147 / ASM Member: $105 Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 A practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the most efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results. Emphasis is placed on processing temperature, case/ coating thickness, bond strength, and hardness level obtained.
Practical Heat Treating, 2nd Edition By J.L. Dossett and H.E. Boyer ASM Heat Treating Society Welcomes You. 2006 • 296 pages Not a heat treater? Not a problem! All are welcome to join ISBN: 978-0-87170-829-8 Product Code: 05144G HTS, the world’s largest membership society dedicated to the Price: $147 / ASM Member: $105 advancement of heat treating as a theoretical and applied discipline. Our members work in several industries, including An excellent introduction and guide for design and manufacturing engineers, technicians, students, and equipment manufacturing, research, and government. Take others who need to understand why heat treatment advantage of a century of heat treating expertise. Join the is specified and how different processes are used to ASM Heat Treating Society today, and connect, share, and obtain desired properties. Clear, concise, and non- grow with us. theoretical language. Join the conversation today! Visit hts.asminternational.org
COATINGS & SURFACE ENGINEERING
Volume 5B: Protective Organic Coatings Thermal Spray Society wants you. Edited by Kenneth B. Tator The leading global source for thermal spray information, 2015 • 545 pages representing 1500 members around the globe from over ISBN: 978-1-62708-081-1 500 leading companies, research institutions and universities. Product Code: 05437G Take advantage of being a part of this global community and Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 join TSS and ASM today! This completely new volume addresses a need for comprehensive information on organic coatings, including coating materials, surface preparation, Join today at: application processes, industrial uses, and coating evaluation and analysis Thermal Spray Society ASM INTERNATIONAL tss.asminternational.org methods. This volume is essential for industrial coating users, specifiers, and contractors. The content in this volume has been written and reviewed by leading industry experts, making this latest ASM Handbook the definitive resource on this important topic. Plus, Volume 5B is the first volume in the ASM Handbook series to be printed in full color.
Surface Engineering for Corrosion High Pressure Cold Spray: Principles and Wear Resistance and Applications Edited by J.R. Davis Edited by C.M. Kay and J. Karthikeyan 2001 • 279 pages 2016 • 324 pages Co-published by IOM Communications and ASM ISBN: 978-1-62708-096-5 International Product Code: 05446G ISBN: 978-0-87170-700-0 Price: $199 / ASM Member: $179 Product Code: 06835G A highly practical and useful “go-to” resource that Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 presents an in-depth look at the high pressure cold Provides practical information to help engineers select the best possible spray process and describes applications in various surface treatment for a specific corrosion or wear application. Covers industries. Applications of cold spray processes process comparisons, and dozens of useful tables and figures compare including protective coating production, development of performance surface treatment thickness and hardness ranges; abrasion and corrosion enhancing layers, repair and refurbishing of parts, and NNS fabrication resistance; processing time, temperature, and pressure; costs; distortion are elaborated in each industry with illustrative case studies by cold tendencies; and other critical process factors and coating characteristics. sprayers actively involved in the field. CORROSION 19
High-Temperature Corrosion Stress-Corrosion Cracking: and Materials Applications Materials Performance and By George Y. Lai Evaluation, Second Edition 2007 • 480 pages Edited by Russell H. Jones ISBN: 978-0-87170-853-3 2016 • 473 pages Product Code: 05208G ISBN: 978-1-62708-118-4 Price: $237 / ASM Member: $175 Product Code: 05509G Covers oxidation, nitridation, carburization and Price: $199 / ASM Member: $149 metal dusting, corrosion by halogen and halides, This new second edition serves as a go-to sulfidation, erosion and erosion-corrosion, hot reference on the complex subject of stress- corrosion in gas turbines, boilers and furnaces, corrosion cracking (SCC), offering information stress-assisted corrosion and cracking, molten salt to help metallurgists, materials scientists, and corrosion, liquid metal corrosion and embrittlement, designers determine whether SCC will be an issue and hydrogen attack. for their design or application; and for the failure analyst to help determine if SCC played a role in a failure under investigation.
Corrosion: Understanding the Basics Edited by J.R. Davis 2000 • 563 pages Corrosion of Aluminum ISBN: 978-0-87170-641-6 and Aluminum Alloys Product Code: 06691G Price: $197 / ASM Member: $145 Edited by J.R. Davis A “how to” approach to understanding and solving 1999 • 313 pages the problems of corrosion of structural materials. ISBN: 978-0-87170-629-4 Written for those with limited technical background. Product Code: 06787G Provides more experienced engineers with a useful Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 overview of the principles of corrosion and can be Presents comprehensive coverage of the used as a general guide for developing a corrosion behavior of aluminum and aluminum corrosion-control program. alloys, with emphasis on practical information about how to select and process these materials in order to prevent corrosion attack.
Handbook of Corrosion Data, 2nd Edition Corrosion of Weldments Edited by B. Craig and D. Anderson Edited by J.R. Davis 1995 • 998 pages
ISBN: 978-0-87170-518-1 2006 • 236 pages Product Code: 06407G ISBN: 978-0-87170-841-0 Product Code: 05182G Price: $307 / ASM Member: $231 Includes “Corrosion of Metals and Alloys” and Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 “Corrosion Media.” The first part contains Details the many forms of weld corrosion and the summaries on the general corrosion characteristics methods used to minimize weld corrosion. of major metals and alloys in various corrosion environments. The second part is organized alphabetically by chemical compound and the data for each corrosive agent/compound are in tabular form. Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry, Second Edition Edited by Victoria Burt Fundamentals of 2015 • 426 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-094-1 Electrochemical Corrosion Product Code: 05503G By E.E. Stansbury and R.A. Buchanan Price: $219 / ASM Member: $165 2000 • 487 pages A comprehensive guide to understanding and ISBN: 978-0-87170-676-8 preventing corrosion in the petrochemical industry. Product Code: 06594G Written for engineers, production managers and Price: $157 / ASM Member: $115 technicians, this book explains how to select the best material for a corrosion-sensitive petrochemical application, and how to choose among various prevention methods. Included in the second edition are new articles on corrosion inhibitors and high-temperature environments.
TO ORDER, VISIT WWW.ASMINTERNATIONAL.ORG/REFERENCEPUBS OR CALL 800.336.5152, EXT. 0 20 PLASTICS, COMPOSITES & CERAMICS
Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics SAVE SET SALE! ® 2003 • 482 pages UP TO Engineered Materials Handbook 3-Volume Set $ ISBN: 978-0-87170-789-5 164 Product Code: 06943G Product Code: 06978G Price: $457 / ASM Member: $405 Price: $247 / ASM Member: $185 Covers the performance of plastics and how it is Engineered Materials ® characterized during design, property testing, and Handbook failure analysis. Selected by Choice magazine for its The comprehensive and excellence in scholarship and presentation, the significance of its practical coverage you expect contribution to the field, and value as an important treatment of the subject. from ASM International on the properties, selection, Composite Filament Winding processing, testing, and Edited by S.T. Peters characterization of nonmetallic 2011 • 174 pages engineered materials. ISBN: 978-1-61503-722-3 Volume 2: Engineering Plastics Product Code: 05286G Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 1988 • 883 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-280-7 Topics include capabilities and limitations of filament Product Code: 06248G winding, practical issues such as fiber and resin handling, winding theory, software and numerical Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 control, history of the process, and more. Volume 3: Adhesives and Sealants Optical Microscopy of 1990 • 893 pages Fiber-Reinforced Composites ISBN: 978-0-87170-281-4 Product Code: 06012G By Brian S. Hayes and Luther M. Gammon Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 2010 • 284 pages Volume 4: Ceramics and Glasses ISBN: 978-1-61503-044-6 Product Code: 05303G 1991 • 1217 pages Price: $177 / ASM Member: $135 ISBN: 978-0-87170-282-1 Optical microscopy is one of the most valuable but Product Code: 06912G under-utilized tools for analyzing fiber-reinforced polymer Price: $207 / ASM Member: $155 matrix composites. Covers sample preparation, microscopic techniques, and applications. The power to study the microstructure of heterogeneous, anisotropic materials is illustrated with over 180 full color images. Structural Composite Materials Volume 21: Composites By F.C. Campbell 2010 • 630 pages Edited by D.B. Miracle and S.L. Donaldson ISBN: 978-1-61503-037-8 2001 • 1201 pages Product Code: 05287G ISBN: 978-0-87170-703-1 Price: $167 / ASM Member: $125 Product Code: 06781G All aspects of continuous and discontinuous fiber- Price: $297 / ASM Member: $225 reinforced polymer, metal, and ceramic composites See page 4 for more information. are described in terms of fabrication, properties, design, analysis, and in-service performance.
MICROELECTRONICS
ISTFA™ 2017 ISTFA™ 2016 Proceedings from the 43rd Proceedings from the 42nd International Symposium for Testing and International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis Failure Analysis 2017 • 645 pages 2016 • 659 pages ISBN: 978-1-62708-150-4 ISBN: 978-1-62708-135-1 Product Code: 02219G Product Code: 02218G Price: $167 / ASM or EDFASSM Member: $125 Price: $167 / ASM or EDFASSM Member: $125 The theme for the November 2017 conference is This volume features the latest research and Striving for 100% Success Rate. Papers focus on practical data from the premier event for the the tools and techniques needed for maximizing microelectronics failure analysis community. The the success rate in every aspect of the electronic papers address the symposium’s theme, The Next device failure analysis process. Generation FA Engineer. Microelectronics Failure Analysis Desk Reference, 6th Edition (Book + CD) Edited by Richard J. Ross 2011 • 674 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-725-4 Product Code: 09110Z Price: $207 / ASM or EDFASSM Member: $155 This updated reference book, prepared by experts in their fields, contains dozens of articles covering a range of topics. MICROELECTRONICS 21
Electronic Device Failure Analysis™ Magazine The Electronic Device Case Histories • Industry News • Training SM Opportunities • Useful URLs • Product News Failure Analysis Society Ask the Experts This technical society fosters education and communication in Frequency: 4 issues per year the microelectronics failure analysis community. Get discounts ISSN: 1537-0755 FREE CODEN: EDFAAO on publications, software, and educational materials, and TO EDFAS special pricing for the ISTFA conference by joining EDFAS MEMBERS Product Code: EDFA Print Price: $135 today. Contains key information dedicated to meeting the technical and networking needs of electronic device failure Visit: edfas.asminternational.org analysis technicians, engineers, and managers. Technical articles contributed by experts that cover everything from operations to analysis techniques. Trends of failure analysis in the microelectronics industry. News of the Electronic Device Failure Analysis SocietySM keeps you in the loop. Guest columns provide vital perspective into FA topics.
METALLURGY FOR THE NON-METALLURGIST™
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Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist™: NEW Mechanical Properties and Their Measurement Self-Guided Digital Course The extent to which metals can be pushed, the limits of endurance under static and dynamic force loads, high-energy impacts, twisting, bending, and other applied stresses, is usually established by conducting standard mechanical tests that are described in detail in “Mechanical Properties and Their Measurement.” In this self-guided digital course, students will learn – with the help of rich visuals, narrated animations, demonstration videos, and interactive quizzes – how to measure properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance and what the tests reveal about material behavior and failure mechanisms, including fracture, creep, and fatigue. The course also includes information on ASTM test procedures and how they avoid measurement-induced errors stemming from metallurgical and microstructural changes.
For more information, visit: www.asminternational.org/learning/courses/online
A “MUST-HAVE” READY REFERENCE Steel Metallurgy for the ON METALLURGY! Non-Metallurgist Metallurgy for the By John D. Verhoeven Non-Metallurgist™ 2nd Edition 2007 • 225 pages Edited by Arthur C. Reardon ISBN: 978-0-87170-858-8 2011 • 526 pages Product Code: 05214G BEST Price: $107 / ASM Member: $75 SELLER ISBN: 978-1-61503-821-3 Product Code: 05306G A practical primer on steel metallurgy for those Price: $177 / ASM Member: $135 who select, heat, forge, or machine steel. Provides a modern view of the basic principles and current practices of metallurgy. Recommended for anyone who uses, makes, buys or tests metal products. Answer all your basic metallurgy questions by using this updated reference featuring many new illustrations, examples, and descriptions. 2272 ALLOYASM HANDBOOKS PHASE DIAGRAMS
Pearson’s Crystal Data: Selected Values of the Crystal Structure Database for Crystallographic Properties Inorganic Compounds®* of the Elements Edited by Pierre Villars and Karin Cenzual By John W. Arblaster The Pearson’s Crystal Data® DVD is the world’s 2018 • 684 pages largest database containing critically evaluated ISBN: 978-1-62708-154-2 crystallographic and derived data for intermetallics, Product Code: 05244G oxides, halides, minerals, and other inorganic Price: $249 / ASM Member: $189 materials and compounds. This allows users to check This reference book presents a unique and data against crystallographic rules and therefore NEW comprehensive review of the crystallographic interpret the properties of chemical compounds quickly and efficiently. It is properties of all the elements and will be a an essential tool for scientists and engineers working with inorganic valuable resource for metallurgists and crystalline matter. The 2017-2018 release includes 304,000 structural data crytallographers. The crystallographic properties are evaluated at ambient sets (including atom coordinates and displacement parameters, when pressure in order to provide a base line for high pressure studies. Lattice determined) for about 173,000 different phases. The database provides parameters of the elements are presented as a function of temperature and approximately 18,800 experimental diffraction patterns and around related properties such as thermal expansion coefficients, molar volumes, 284,000 calculated diagrams (interplanar spacings, intensities, Miller and densities are provided. Special attention is given to ensure that the indices). In addition, over 42,500 figure descriptions for cell parameters as selected values correspond to the latest values of atomic weights and the a function of temperature, pressure, or concentration are given. To reach fundamental constants. these results, scientific editors have critically analyzed and processed over 98,400 original publications. Innovative software developed by Crystal Impact offers a large variety of elaborate features for easy retrieval of desired information. *For more information on Pearson’s Crystal Data Database, contact Sales at [email protected] or 440.338.5151. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd Edition Edited by T.B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, P.R. Subramanian, and L. Kacprzak 1990 • 3589 pages ISBN: 978-0-87170-403-0 (3-Volume Set) Product Code: 57718G Price: $1643 / ASM Member: $1546 3-volume set includes 4,700 binary alloy phase diagrams.
Desk Handbook: Phase Diagrams for Binary Alloys, 2nd Edition Handbook of Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams By Hiroaki Okamoto 10-Volume Set 2010 • 855 pages Edited by Pierre Villars, Alan Prince, and Hiroaki Okamoto ISBN: 978-1-61503-046-0 1995 Product Code: 57751G ISBN: 978-0-87170-525-9 Price: $358 / ASM Member: $286 Product Code: 57706G Includes 2421 diagrams of which 450 are new or Price: $8514 / ASM Member: $8417 greatly revised; among these, 87 are not in the More than 18,000 ternary diagrams. First Edition. Approximately 600 crystal structure tables of systems for which phase diagrams are Phase Diagrams: unknown. Understanding the Basics Edited by F.C. Campbell 2012 • 470 pages ISBN: 978-1-61503-835-0 Product Code: 05342G ASM Alloy Phase Diagram Database™ Price: $187 / ASM Member: $135 A fully-searchable database Exceptionally well-written text for non-metallurgists containing more than 40,300 binary or anyone seeking a quick refresher on an essential Learn more at www.asminternational.org/journals tool in modern metallurgy. Ample illustrations for all and ternary alloy phase diagrams, important liquid and solid reactions. Gas-metal reactions, important in from more than 6,200 systems, metals processing and in-service corrosion, are also discussed. each with their associated crystal and reaction data. Also includes all inorganic systems. Pearson’s Desk Edition Use to assist with troubleshooting, manufacturing Edited by Pierre Villars • 1997 control, and the development of new materials. ISBN: 978-0-87170-603-4 (2-Volume Set) Product Code: 57763G For more information on how to subscribe, contact the Price: $950 / ASM Member: $850 Digital Database Manager at 440.338.5409 or via email at 27,686 entries of the highest quality crystal data, [email protected]. representing 27,686 different compounds. 59 ASMNEWS ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
EARLE TO CHAIR 2018 NOMINATING COMMITTEE
embers of the 2018 president Dr. William E. Frazier, FASM, appointed nine Nominating Commit- members to the Nominating Committee from among can- tee have been selec- didates proposed by chapters, committees, councils, and Mted and Ms. Jacqueline M. ASM Affiliate Society boards. The committee is responsible Earle, FASM, Caterpillar (re- for selecting a nominee for vice president-trustee (one-year tired), was elected to serve term) and for nominating three trustees (three-year terms). as chair by the ASM Board of Members do not select a candidate for president of the Soci- Trustees. Earle has been a ety, because Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution states member of ASM International that the office of president shall be filled for a period of one since 1983 and served as ASM year by succession of the vice president. The 2018 Nominat- trustee from 2013-2016. She ing Committee’s nominee for vice president will serve as received her B.S. degree from Earle ASM’s president in 2020. the University of Pittsburgh and earned an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Bradley University. She spent her entire career at Caterpil- 2018 Nominating Committee Members lar, working on materials for diesel engines, managing new Include: product programs for generator sets, and providing techni- Michael Connelly, FASM, Casey Products, Chicago cal support for remanufactured product. (nominated by Chicago Regional Chapter); Laura Diers, Earle’s ASM volunteer career began at Pitt. She then Honeywell, Long Beach, Calif. (nominated by Los Ange- served in various roles with the Peoria Chapter. Peoria has les Chapter); Jaret Frafjord, IMR Test Labs, Portland, Ore. a very strong volunteer base and she is most proud of start- (nominated by International Metallographic Society); John ing the first student Materials Camp in 2005. Earle has also
Keough, FASM, Applied Process Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich. ASM served ASM members at the national level, on the Member- (nominated by Heat Treating Society); James Saal, QuesTek ship, U.S. Chapter Council, and Volunteerism Committees. Innovations LLC, Evanston, Ill. (nominated by Chicago To spread materials education beyond ASM chapters, she Regional Chapter); John Shields, FASM, Pentamet Asso- led workshops for the “Expanding Your Horizons” programs, ciates LLC, Cleveland (nominated by Cleveland Chapter); NEWS to teach materials engineering to middle school girls. Earle Ashok Tiwari, CHEMI-CHEM, Mumbai, India (nominated also served as guest speaker and project mentor for the by India Council and India Chapter); Wego Wang, FASM, “Project Lead The Way” high school programs. Federal Aviation Administration, Burlington, Mass. (nomi- nated by Boston Chapter); Dehua Yang, Ebatco, Eden Prai- ASM Officers Appoint Members rie, Minn. (nominated by the Handbook Committee). In accordance with the ASM International Constitu- The Nominating Committee will meet on April 12-13 tion, ASM president Dr. Frederick E. Schmidt, FASM, vice and its recommended slate of officers will be published in president Dr. David U. Furrer, FASM, and immediate past the May/June issue of ASM News.
In This Issue 4359 4560 4661 4763 5065 PresidentEarle Chairs Collins BoardCEO StudentCanada Board WomenMembers in ChaptersChapter in AppointsNominating Council NominationsCorner CouncilMember Awards Engineeringin the theNews News CommitteeChairs Applications News
Submit news of ASM and its members, chapters, and affiliate societies to Joanne Miller, editor, ASM News | ASM International 9639 Kinsman Road | Materials Park, OH 44073 | P 440.338.5151 ext. 5513 | F 440.338.4634 | E [email protected] Contact ASM International at 9639 Kinsman Road, Materials Park, OH 44073 | P 440.338.5151 ext. 0 or 800.336.5152 ext. 0 (toll free in U.S. and Canada) | F 440.338.4634 | E [email protected] | W asminternational.org 60 HIGHLIGHTS CEO CORNER
December Issue of Shape Memory books, including Shape Memory Alloys, published by Sprin- & Superelasticity Honors Miyazaki ger Verlag in 1996, Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical The December issue of Shape Applications, published by Woodhead Publishing in 2009, Memory & Superelasticity contained Thin Film Shape Memory Alloys, published by Cambridge invited papers written as a tribute to University Press in 2009, and Shape Memory and Superelas- Prof. Shuichi Miyazaki, a pioneer in the tic Alloys, published by Woodhead Publishing in 2011. He technology of shape memory alloys. has co-authored 26 book chapters and co-edited 12 special Miyazaki’s study on thermomechanical issues in international journals. His research has been pub- treatment and fatigue of NiTi paved lished in more than 300 scholarly journals and in 78 review the way for development of many papers in materials science and engineering. practical applications and industrial Miyazaki production of NiTi alloys. The spe- Prof. Miyazaki has been the recipient of many national cial issue was organized by Prof. Yinong Liu, University of and international awards, including the Thomson Reuters’ Western Australia, and Prof. Hee Young Kim, University of ISI Highly Cited Researcher in Materials Science Field in 2004 Tsukuba. Additional papers in honor of Miyazaki will also and the Gold Medal Award from the Japan Institute of Met- appear in the March 2018 issue of the journal. As a benefit of als in 2014. He also has served as a board member of ASM’s ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED membership, SMST members receive full text online access International Organization of Shape Memory and Super- to Shape Memory and Superelasticity. elastic Technologies, and currently serves as associate edi- Prof. Miyazaki has co-edited and co-authored seven tor of Shape Memory and Superelasticity.
CEO CORNER 2. Using your profile page as the My ASM landing page is deliberate. We have adopted this process in order to Welcome to MemberNation continuously enable members to update their data, You may be wondering how thereby avoiding one of the biggest issues with our old ASM’s Digital Transformation is system—inaccurate member data. progressing. At this writing, we 3. Later this month, the old shared Workspaces within iMIS have completed the deployment will become Collaboration areas in the new Sales- of all five of our e-commerce back- force/MemberNation environment. We want to thank bone systems, including our new the dozens of volunteers at the chapter, affiliate, and MemberNation association man- committee levels who tested these tools for several agement system, which went live weeks after the go-live, before we migrated roughly 380 on February 19. collaboration pages from the old systems into the new Since then, thousands of our systems. For members, these areas will be accessible via members have successfully logged Mahoney the Collaboration tab at the top of your profile page. in, updated their profiles, and As with all new system go-lives, we are working through interacted with the new environment. Through these early a backlog of updates and fixes. Some of those fixes will be stages, we have received valuable feedback from many, released individually over the next few weeks and months. many volunteers who have helped wring out the systems. Others will be bundled into a major update release called a We have also executed thousands of electronic transactions, “sprint,” with the first sprint slated for July. generating more than $1 million in orders. Of those transac- Finally, we will complete the systems implementations tions, 94% were completed without human intervention. of our Digital Transformation by deploying a publishing I would now like to share a few key points regarding system in mid-2018 and a content repository by early 2019. some of the new features you may have noticed, which Coupled with content reengineering work over the next two markedly differ from our previous association management years, this should render ASM content fully discoverable, system (iMIS): searchable, accessible, and interoperable via the internet during the remaining two years of the ASM Renewal. 1. Using your email address to prompt log-in via password, with periodic password renewals, is an industry stan- Please share any feedback on these developments dard we have adopted. On a rotating basis, members with me via email. Thank you. may use their ASM ID as passwords, but not on a William T. Mahoney, CEO, ASM International fixed basis. [email protected] 61
NOMINATIONS AND CANDIDATES HIGHLIGHTS ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
ASM and its Affiliate Societies Seek volunteer in an ongoing capacity. These names will later Student Board Members appear in an “ASM Volunteer Honor Roll” article in ASM We’re looking for Material Advantage student mem- News. Submit your nomination by May 18 at research.net/r/ bers to provide insights and ideas to ASM and its Affiliate NRYSDLZ. This is a unique opportunity to celebrate your Society Boards. We are pleased to announce the continu- most valued volunteers. We look forward to your sub- ation of our successful Student Board Member programs. missions. Each Society values the input and participation of students and is looking for their insights and ideas. •• An opportunity like no other! •• All expenses to attend meetings paid for by the respec- tive Society •• Take an active role in shaping the future of your profes- sional Society •• Actively participate in your professional Society’s board Canada Council Award Nominations meetings due April 30 •• Gain leadership skills to enhance your career ASM’s Canada Council is seeking nominations for its •• Add a unique experience to your resume 2018 awards program. These prestigious awards include: •• Represent Material Advantage and speak on behalf of G. MacDonald Young Award – The ASM Canada Coun- students cil established this award in 1988 to recognize distinguished •• Work with leading professionals in the field and significant contributions by an ASM member in Canada. This award consists of a plaque and a piece of Canadian Opportunities specific to each Society: native soapstone sculpture. The 2017 recipient was Dr. R. ASM International Winston Revie, FASM, emeritus scientist, Materials Technol- •• Attend four board meetings (July 26-28, October 14-17 ogy Lab, retired, Canmet, Ottawa, Ontario. during MS&T18, spring and summer 2019) M. Brian Ives Lectureship – This award was estab- •• Term begins June 1 lished in 1971 by the Canada Council of ASM to identify a ASM Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society distinguished lecturer who will present a technical talk at •• Attend one board meeting (fall 2019) a regular monthly meeting of each Canadian ASM Chapters •• Participate in three teleconferences that elect to participate. The winner receives a $1000 hon- orarium and travels to each ASM Canada Chapter through- •• Term begins in October out the year to give their presentation with expenses cov- ASM Thermal Spray Society ered by the ASM Canada Council. The 2017 recipient was •• Attend one board meeting (fall 2018) Dr. Raj Thamburaj, corporate director, Advanced Engineer- •• Participate in two teleconferences ing, Magellan Aerospace Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario. •• Receive a one-year complimentary membership in John Convey Innovation Awards – In 1977, the Can- Material Advantage ada Council created a new award to recognize sustaining •• Term begins in October members companies that contribute to development of the Canadian materials engineering industry. The award Application deadline has been extended to April 23. considers a new product and/or service directed at the To view the complete form and rules, visit asminternational. Canadian or international marketplace. Two awards are org/students/student-board-member-programs. presented each year, one to a company with annual sales in excess of $5 million, and the other to a company with annual Chapter Volunteer Honor Roll sales below $5 million. The 2017 recipient was Mr. Michael The ASM Volunteerism Committee is seeking nomina- J. Anderson, MSc, Peng., associate materials research engi- tions for the Chapter Volunteer Honor Roll. This Honor Roll neer, Syncrude Canada Ltd., Research and Development recognizes chapter volunteers whose performance is con- Center, Edmonton, Alberta. sidered exemplary of the type of volunteer essential to the View sample forms, rules, and pasts recipients at success of ASM. We invite all chapters to nominate volun- asminternational.org/membership/awards/nominate. teers from your chapter to be featured on the Honor Roll. To nominate someone for any of these awards, email It is suggested that the Chapter Executive Committee [email protected] for a unique nomi- select a member who is currently serving the chapter as a nation link. 62 HIGHLIGHTS HISTORY OF METALS WOMEN IN ENGINEERING
“Metallurgy Lane” is Basis for New Book The History of Metals in America by Charles Robert (Bob) Simcoe and edited by Frances Richards will be available this month. This book chronicles the development of metals as both an industrial activity and a science. Progress involving structural metals made possible the air, land, sea, and space travel of today, skyscrapers reaching over 100 stories high, and many other engineering accomplishments that con- tinue to shape modern society. Readers will embark on a fascinating journey through the evolution of metals and metallurgy from the beginning of iron production in colonial times with the first iron plant IMC 2017 Jacquet-Lucas winning poster by Elvin Beach et al. in 1645 to the prevailing metals of the 21st century. Sim- from Worthington Industries Inc. coe wrote more than 40 articles for Advanced Materials &
ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED Processes magazine, including the monthly series entitled International Metallographic “Metallurgy Lane,” which became the basis for this book. Special prepublication pricing is available through April 30. Contest at MS&T Visit asminternational.org/historyofmetals. Deadline: October 2 The International Metallographic Contest (IMC), an annual contest cosponsored by the International Metal- lographic Society (IMS) and ASM International to advance the science of microstructural analysis, will again be held at MS&T in Columbus, Ohio, October 14-18. Five different classes of competition cover all fields of optical and elec- tron microscopy: Class 1: Light Microscopy—All Materials Class 2: Electron Microscopy—All Materials Class 3: Student Entries—All Materials (Undergraduate Students Only) Class 4: Artistic Microscopy (Color)—All Materials Class 5: Artistic Microscopy (Black & White)—All Materials Best-In-Show receives the most prestigious award available in the field of metallography, the Jacquet-Lucas Award, which includes a cash prize of $3000. For a complete description of the rules, tips for creating a winning entry, and judging guidelines, visit metallography.net.
ASM Announces Volunteer Opportunities Are you looking for an opportunity to showcase your talents or exercise a newly gained skill? Volunteering with ASM may be your chance to do just that! ASM offers countless volunteering, mentoring, and teaching opportunities to fulfill your personal goals. Whether it be the desire to give back or helping the next generation of engineers, ASM has a place to put your talents and strengths to work for the betterment of the materials science community. Volunteers are the heart of ASM. The passion and commitment of our volunteers drive our success at every level, and we invite you to consider joining our volunteer team. Some of our volunteer opportunities include: technical committees, society committees, affiliate committees, local chapters, and Materials Camp. Learn more about the ways you can get involved. Visit asminternational.org/ types-volunteer. 63
HISTORY OF METALS WOMEN IN ENGINEERING HIGHLIGHTS ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
ASM Launches New WOMEN IN ENGINEERING Digital Course: Mechanical This profile series introduces lead- Properties and Their ing materials scientists from around the world who happen to be females. Here Measurement we speak with Véronique Vitry, senior Learn materials science in a new way—on your com- researcher and teaching associate at puter, tablet, or smartphone—within a completely digital the Université de Mons (UMONS), in environment, on your own schedule. ASM just launched a Belgium. new highly-interactive digital course format that makes it Vitry easier to comprehend, retain, and apply new concepts. The What does your typical workday look like? first digital course module, “Mechanical Properties and Their Measurement,” is now available. In this self-guided course, Typically, I take my children to school at 8 a.m. and students will learn—with the help of rich visuals, narrated then head to the office, around the corner. My day consists animations, demonstration videos, and interactive quiz- of a mix of classes, meetings, research, teaching prep work, zes—how to measure properties such as tensile strength, expertise, and administrative work. At 5 p.m. I’m off to pick hardness, and impact resistance, and what the tests reveal up the kids and head home. I usually work one hour or so about material behavior and failure mechanisms, includ- after dinner grading, reviewing, or reading papers and edit- ing fracture, creep, and fatigue. The course also includes ing the work of Ph.D. students who I supervise. My job is information on ASTM test procedures and how they avoid divided between research and teaching. There is also a ser- measurement-induced errors stemming from metallurgi- vice component, which includes helping people from indus- cal and microstructural changes. For more information on try and taking part in the organization of the university. I sit course registration and other details, visit bit.ly/2FLs7N1 or on several boards, councils, and committees. contact John Cerne at [email protected]. What part of your job do you like most? I enjoy both teaching and research. Teaching allows me to get students interested in materials engineering. I teach various classes to students in years three to five. University degrees in my country are mandatory five year-programs consisting of three years of bachelors and two years of mas- ters. My classes include process metallurgy (my favorite), nanotechnologies, spectroscopic methods in chemical and materials analysis, and process modeling (my least favor- ite). It’s always stimulating to see students discover met- allurgy, which is something they’re not typically exposed to before my class. The best part is the stars in their eyes after visiting a plant. Research allows me the fun of trying to understand how things work. I’m happiest when I’ve just made sense of new observations and am able to relate them to other results, or when I read a new paper that explains something I’ve been curious about. What attracted you to engineering? I was always attracted to science and engineering, even as a child. When I was four, I told my mother, “Quand je serai grande je veux être ‘ingéniette,’” which translates to, “When I’m older, I want to be an engineer-girl.” You can look up the word “ingéniette” in French, but it does not exist. I made it up because I did not know the feminine form of “ingénieur.” Screenshots from “Mechanical Properties and Their For a little girl who liked math and wanted to under- Measurement” module. stand how things worked, engineering was the obvious choice. I discovered chemistry when I was 14 and was immediately hooked. Add that to the fact that several engi- neers were in my family, and my career path was very clear. 64 HIGHLIGHTS PROFILE OF A VOLUNTEER CHAPTERS IN THE NEWS
If a young person approached you for career advice Hobbies? about pursuing engineering, what would you tell them? Reading and music: I play the cello and direct the uni- I would tell them to go for it. It’s a wonderful field that versity’s band. opens a lot of doors and the skills you acquire are invalu- Last book read? able. Engineering is a growing field and the opportunities In French, “Notre-Dame de Paris” by Victor Hugo and in are endless. Nearly everything in today’s society is based on English, “A Column of Fire” by Ken Follett. engineering, including information technology, entertain- Do you know someone who should be featured in an ment, and even healthcare. Engineers are everywhere, even upcoming Women in Engineering profile? Contact Vicki Burt if they stay out of the limelight. at [email protected].
VOLUNTEERISM became chapter chair a few years later. “We’re slowly build- COMMITTEE ing the chapter back up and seeing a revitalization with 300 members and 10 on our executive committee,” says Profile of a Volunteer Flocken. “We just hosted a meeting at the Honda Heritage Ben Flocken, Materials Engineer, Honda Center, a museum about Honda’s history in North America. ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED Research & Development Americas Inc. Attendees were very interested and it’s showing promise.” As a 2010 graduate of The Ohio He sees the need to improve communication and State University in materials science add value for individual ASM members and companies like and engineering, Ben Flocken was Honda by surveying personal, professional, and corporate happy to become a “home grown boy” needs. He’s been pleased to improve his own leadership at Honda R&D Americas Inc. in Ray- skills in motivating volunteers to get excited about planning mond, Ohio—about 20 minutes from programs. “And it’s helped me feel more comfortable speak- where he grew up. He qualifies materials for production and ing in front of large crowds and planning ahead!” conducts research for models in development. Introduced Flocken is working to engage the OSU materials sci- to ASM’s Material Advantage Chapter in college, Flocken ence department in events with students and profession- now sees a need to improve efforts to help college students als. “It sounds old-school, but face-to-face meetings are network and enter the professional world. important. You need to personally meet someone to grow Flocken’s first job with a phosphate and e-coating a connection—not only getting young people involved but company came through OSU Career Services. He then took re-engaging past members,” he says. “For me, volunteering a contract engineer role with Honda and was soon hired for ASM is different than volunteer work with the YMCA or fulltime. With personal encouragement from Honda chief a foodbank. I get a real sense of accomplishment helping engineer Rowdy Joseph (now ASM’s Chapter Council Chair), people along in their careers and being part of a student’s Flocken got involved in the Columbus ASM Chapter and life going forward.” 65
PROFILE OF A VOLUNTEER CHAPTERS IN THE NEWS HIGHLIGHTS ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
CHAPTERS IN THE NEWS Canton-Massillon President Schmidt on the Move During his ASM presidential year, Fred Schmidt is mak- ing tracks, visiting several chapters in the first half of his term. Here’s a montage of his recent trips, including a stop in his very own Chicagoland and another at his alma mater in Philly.
Chicago
Ray Fryan, vice president of technology and quality at Timken Steel, was on hand for Schmidt’s ASM Canton-Massillon Chapter visit on March 8. Schmidt spoke to the group about career planning and advised attendees to embrace change and diversify their skills.
Los Angeles
President Schmidt receives an ASNT globe from Chuck Johnson, ASNT Chicago Chapter chair, at the joint ASNT/ASM meeting in February. Johnson is vice president of Karden Sales. Schmidt presented a talk on “NDT Methods and Characterization in Failure Analysis: Case History Investigations.”
President Schmidt was in Los Angeles on February 20 and recognized chapter leaders and members. From left, Daniel Dennies, FASM (Chapter Awards chair), received an ASM presidential coin. Kamal Manish and Satish Dixit (Chapter Education chair) received membership awards.
Philadelphia
Jennifer Anaya receives an Alpha Sigma Mu scarf from ASM President Schmidt. Anaya is the ASNT Woman of the Year for Mentoring. She is also vice president of operations at Alloyweld Inspection Co. Inc. in Bensenville, Ill. In Philadelphia, Schmidt received the Drexel alumni “Service to the Profession Award” from the university’s president John Fry (left) and redF Kaplan, chair of the Board of Alumni Governors in the AJ Drexel Picture Gallery. The award is an engraved crystal Tiffany bowl. Presented on January 27, Schmidt considers it the first of two Eagle “Super Bowls” for 2018. 66 HIGHLIGHTS MEMBERS IN THE NEWS IN MEMORIAM
Rocky Mountain Presents Barrett Awards Los Angeles Holds AM Metals Meeting On March 1, the ASM Rocky Mountain Chapter (RMC) held their 34th annual Barrett Awards Night, cosponsored by Colorado School of Mines (CSM). Multiple CSM student scholarships were awarded. A special chapter award was presented to Stanley Beitscher, FASM, for decades of service to the chapter. The 2018 Charles S. Barrett Silver Medal was awarded to Tresa Pollock from the University of California, Santa Barbara who presented a talk titled “Rapid Acquisi- tion of 3D Data at the Mesoscale for Structural Materials.” This ASM-RMC award was established in 1984 in recogni- tion of Charles Barrett, FASM, a pioneer in the study of the structure of metals and the application of x-ray diffraction techniques. The award is presented to individuals whose contributions to the science of metallurgy most exemplify the efforts and career achievements made by Barrett.
ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED Prabir Chaudhury of Exova was recognized by the ASM Los Angeles Chapter for speaking on testing of additively manufactured metals at their November 2017 meeting.
MEMBERS IN THE NEWS National Academy of Engineering Honors ASM Members In February, the National Acad- CSM students receiving ASM-RMC scholarships (front row, from emy of Engineering (NAE) elected 83 left) Alec Saville, Chloe Cook, and Melissa Thrun; (back row, from new members and 16 foreign mem- left) chapter scholarship chair John Speer, chapter chair Nik bers. Among the inductees are sev- Hrabe, Stuart Shirley, and executive committee member eral ASM members and their citations: Kip Findley. John Ågren, FASM, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Sweden, for development of integrated thermodynamics and kinetics analysis tools enabling computational materials engineering; Lallit Anand, Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology, for contributions to the development of plasticity for engineering technology: theory, experiment, and computation; Ke Lu, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science and Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for discovery of nanotwinned materials and contributions to the advance- ment of nanostructured materials; Ajay P. Malshe, FASM, NanoMech Inc. and University of Arkansas, for innovations in nanomanufacturing with impact in multiple industry sectors; David N. Seidman, FASM, Northwestern Univer- sity, for contributions to understanding of materials at the 2018 Charles S. Barrett Silver Medal recipient Tresa Pollock, atomic scale, leading to advanced materials and processes. FASM (right), and Nik Hrabe. Election to NAE is among the highest professional dis- tinctions accorded to an engineer. Academy membership honors those who have made outstanding contributions to engineering research, practice, or education. An induction ceremony will be held on September 30 at NAE’s annual meeting in Washington. 67
MEMBERS IN THE NEWS IN MEMORIAM HIGHLIGHTS ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018
ASM Members among TMS Award and TMS Light Metals Division (LMD) Young Leaders Profes- Scholarship Recipients sional Development Award: Victoria Miller, North Carolina The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) State University; and Eric Lass, NIST. announced recipients of its awards and scholarships for TMS Structural Materials Division (SMD) Young Leaders 2018. Recipients were celebrated during the TMS Annual Professional Development Award: Amber Genau, University Meeting & Exhibition in Phoenix. Congratulations to the ASM of Alabama. members among the winners: AIME Henry deWitt Smith Scholarship: Samuel TMS Fellows-Class of 2018: Carol Handwerker, FASM, Rodrigues, McGill University; and Kao Zoua Yang, University Purdue University; Peter Liaw, FASM, University of Ten- of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. nessee; and Daniel Miracle, FASM, Air Force Research TMS Light Metals Division (LMD) Scholarship: Nicholas Laboratory. Lipski, Colorado School of Mines. Brimacombe Medalists-Class of 2018: Ibrahim Kara- TMS Materials Processing & Manufacturing Division man, Texas A&M University; Roger Narayan, FASM, Univer- (MPMD) Scholarship: Madeleine McAllister, Case Western sity of North Carolina; and Katsuyo Thorton, University of Reserve University. Michigan. TMS Structural Materials Division (SMD) Scholarship: Bruce Chalmers Award: Jyotirmoy Mazumder, FASM, Cayla Harvey, University of Nevada, Reno. University of Michigan. International Symposium on Superalloys Scholarship: Morris Cohen Award: Tresa Pollock, FASM, University of Emily Bautista, Virginia Polytechnic Institute. California. William Hume-Rothery Award: Zi-Kui Liu, FASM, Penn- sylvania State University; Marc A. Meyers, FASM, University of California; and Naresh Thadhani, FASM, Georgia Institute of Technology. Alexander Scott Distinguished Service Award: Tresa Pollock, FASM, University of California; Terence Langdon, FASM, University of South Hampton; and Cong Wang, North- eastern University. AIME Honorary Membership: Tresa Pollock, FASM, Uni- versity of California. Acta Materialia Gold Medal Award: Subhash Mahajan, FASM, University of California. Acta Materialia Silver Medal Award: Nikhilesh Chawla, At the March TMS meeting in Phoenix, Julie Christodoulou, FASM, University of Arizona. FASM, director of naval materials S&T division at the U.S. Office of Naval Research, received the Acta Materialia Materials and Acta Materialia Materials and Society Award: Julie Society Award. Christodoulou, FASM, U.S. Office of Naval Research.
IN MEMORIAM Gerald Walter (Jerry) Wilks, ASM Life Member, died on February 14 at age 67. He was born in Chicago and raised in Fox Lake, Ill. After serving in the U.S. Air Force in Turkey, he received three degrees from the Illinois Institute of Technology: a B.S. in metallurgical engineering and M.S. degrees in both materials engineering and chemical engineering. Most recently, he worked as senior metallurgical engineer at Citgo Petroleum Corp.’s Lemont refinery. Wilks also worked at the Amoco/BP refinery in Whiting, Ind., Amoco Corp. Materials Research Division, Naperville, Ill., and LaSalle Steel Co. in Hammond, Ind. He was an active member of ASM, AIChE, NACE, and AWS and served as past chairman of AIChE Chicago. Wilks was also actively involved with IIT’s South Suburb Alumni Organization and IIT’s Triangle Fraternity. Wilks was an engineer’s engineer—infinitely curious—and recognized by his peers as an industry technical leader. He Wilks was awarded three patents, published 14 papers on metallurgical engineering and chemical engineering topics, and presented at national and international conferences. His technical and community service work was recognized in 2012 when he received the CITGO Presidential Award.
69 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 -
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Over the past year, Deakin University scientists, Australia, in partnership with Plan In in partnership Australia, scientists, University Deakin year, the past Over and ink cartridges, keyboards such as discarded waste collect trip to a scavenging After our equipment in the mid and test outside the lab environment get amazing to “It was
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limited by an inability to see below the surface of the powder, making it impos- sible to precisely determine melt depth as each new layer is added. Thermal imaging once offered hope, but it does not capture enough information to identify how and why flaws originate. In contrast, the high flux, penetrating beam from SLAC’s hard x-ray, synchro- tron light source illuminates the en- Left, a commercial 3D printer operates with syntactic foam filament developed at the NYU tire depth of the metal powder, giving Tandon School of Engineering. Right, syntactic foam composite under high magnification scientists a detailed, real-time view of reveals uniformly distributed hollow spheres in a high-density polyethylene matrix. melt dynamics. ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2018 | & PROCESSES MATERIALS ADVANCED SLAC researchers are leveraging particles provides the best combina- NYU TEAM CREATES this x-ray power in two ways—to gen- tion of material properties and printer erate high-resolution images showing PRINT-READY performance. SYNTACTIC FOAM what happens as build layers accu- As may be expected, part quality mulate, and to analyze changes in the Materials scientists at the NYU Tan- is sensitive to process variables such as atomic structure of the metal during don School of Engineering are working printer speed, layer thickness, nozzle melting and cooling intervals. Fol- to bring syntactic foam technology to temperature, and cooling conditions. lowing their initial studies on SLM, re- 3D printing. Syntactic foams are among However, the team proved that once a searchers plan to investigate directed a special class of composites that in- machine is dialed in, it can print syntac- energy deposition (DED) processes, in corporate hollow or low-density micro- tic foam components that compare fa- which metal powder or wire is melted spheres in a metal, ceramic, or polymer vorably to their injection molded coun- as it is being laid down. DED printers matrix. They find wide use in aerospace terparts in terms of tensile strength, excel at producing complex geometries and undersea applications due to their elastic modulus, and other properties. and are especially useful for making re- extraordinary buoyancy and strength. engineering.nyu.edu. pairs. slac.stanford.edu. One of the motivations for NYU’s work is that today’s syntactic-foam structures X-RAY SHEDS NEW LIGHT leave significant room for improvement ON AM PROCESS through the elimination of joints and Researchers at the Department seams and the risks and constraints of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator they impose. Laboratory are using one of the most Before NYU researchers could be- powerful instruments in the world to gin assessing the potential of print- better understand how metal powders ed foam parts, they had to develop a respond to the intense heating and suitable filament that would work on cooling cycles associated with additive ordinary fused-filament printers. The manufacturing. Working in collabora- team investigated several formulations, tion with scientists from Lawrence Liv- X-ray characterization chamber contains ultimately settling on a high-density ermore and Ames labs, the SLAC team is a build platform where SLAC researchers polyethylene matrix filled with micro- investigating the selective laser melting conduct selective laser melting experi- spheres extracted from recycled fly ash. (SLM) process, using x-ray microscopy ments on metal powder while capturing Getting the proportions right to capture melt, flow, and resolidifica- detailed images using x-ray light. proved to be a challenge because the tion dynamics and whatever insights microspheres are easily crushed during they provide on how to control micro- the mixing process and have a ten- structure and prevent formation of pits dency to clog printer nozzles. Through and other flaws. trial and error, the team found that a Prior attempts to correlate SLM blend of approximately 40 wt% fly-ash dynamics with part quality have been