Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep·
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Slow-Wave Sleep, Diabetes, and the Sympathetic Nervous System
COMMENTARY Slow-wave sleep, diabetes, and the sympathetic nervous system Derk-Jan Dijk* Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XP, United Kingdom leep oscillates between two dif- of SWS that has accumulated. The latter less provides supportive evidence for the ferent states: non-rapid eye conclusion was derived from SWS depri- notion that SWS is restorative also for movement (NREM) sleep and vation experiments in which stimuli, usu- the body and that negative effects asso- rapid-eye movement (REM) ally acoustic stimuli [although early on ciated with disruption of this state may Ssleep. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is a sub- in the history of SWS deprivation, mild extend to the body. state of NREM sleep, and its identifica- electric shocks were used (5)], are deliv- Many other physiological variables are tion is based primarily on the presence ered in response to the ongoing EEG. affected by the behavioral-state sleep, of slow waves, i.e., low-frequency, high- The drive to enter SWS is strong and is the NREM–REM cycle, and SWS. amplitude oscillations in the EEG. Upon the transition from wakefulness to Quantification of SWS is accomplished sleep, heart rate slows down. During by visual inspection of EEG records or Short habitual sleep sleep, the balance of sympathetic and computerized methods such as spectral parasympathetic tone oscillates in syn- analysis based on the fast Fourier trans- has been associated chrony with the NREM–REM cycle. form (FFT). Slow-wave activity (SWA; Analysis of autonomic control of the also referred to as delta power) is a with increased risk variability of heart rate demonstrates quantitative measure of the contribution that, within each NREM episode, as of both the amplitude and prevalence of for diabetes. -
Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Australia
Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Australia A REPORT TO THE SLEEP HEALTH FOUNDATION 1,2 1. Appleton Institute, CQUniversity Australia 44 Greenhill Amy C Reynolds Road, Wayville SA 5034 3,4 Sarah L Appleton 2. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia 4,5 Tiffany K Gill 3. Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Robert J Adams 3,4 Research Excellence, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA. 4. The Health Observatory, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, SA. 5. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Australia A Report to the Sleep Health Foundation Amy C Reynolds1,2, Sarah L Appleton3,4, Tiffany K Gill4,5 & Robert J Adams3,4 1. Appleton Institute, CQUniversity Australia 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville SA 5034 2. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia 3. Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA. 4. The Health Observatory, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, SA. 5. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia This work was supported by the Sleep Health Foundation, an Australian not‑for‑profit organisation devoted to improving sleep health, and an unrestricted grant from Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia) Pty Limited which had no part in conception, planning, execution or write‑up of it. Publication and graphic design by Flux Visual Communication www.designbyflux.com.au July 2019 2 Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Australia EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sleep problems are common and costly to the Australian community. One common sleep condition is insomnia. -
Sleep & Dreams & Dsm-5
PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 SLEEP & DREAMS & DSM-5: ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC INSOMNIA James Peacey, MD PAL Conference Green River, WY Disclosure Statement No relevant financial relationships with the manufacturer(s) of any commercial product(s) and/or provider of commercial services discussed in this CME activity. I will reference off-label or investigational use of medications in this presentation. PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Goals and Objectives Learn how to identify and categorize pediatric insomnia. Increase knowledge of common behavioral and pharmacologic sleep treatments. Increase understanding of sleep issues in particular patient populations (Autism, ADHD, depression and anxiety) and appropriate strategies to optimize treatment. PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Sleep Stage Development PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Homeostatic and Circadian Processes D. J. Dijk and D. M. Edgar, Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness, 1999 PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Homeostatic and Circadian Processes PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Alerting Systems PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Normal Sleep Requirements Babcock, Pediatr Clin N Am 58 (2011) 543–554PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 Percentiles for total sleep duration per 24 hours from infancy to adolescence. Iglowstein I et al. Pediatrics 2003;111:302-307 PAL Conference - Green River, WY - May 2015 ©2003 by American Academy of Pediatrics Insomnia “significant difficulty initiating -
Sleep Disorders and Deprivation Causes and Effects on College Students Reham Karana Biology, Bachelors of Science to the Honors
Sleep Disorders and Deprivation Causes and Effects on College Students Reham Karana Biology, Bachelors of Science To The Honors College Oakland University In partial fulfillment of the requirement to graduate from The Honors College Mentor: Jessica Koppen, Professor of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Oakland University (February 15, 2018) Introduction When told to picture a college student, a picture of a student in a library frantically studying for their next exam will most likely come to mind. Others might picture college students in a social environment among their peers, participating in a sorority, or even at a raucous party. What most will not picture a college student doing is simply sleeping. A growing and unattended problem among college students is their common day-time sleepiness and increased sleep disorders. A student’s sleep is no longer driven by the light and dark cycle but rather but their school schedule, academic load, and socialization. To maximize success in college, an obstacle most students have now endured is a lack of sleep and potential sleep disorders. What most do not know is this could actually do the opposite and hurt academic performance (Allan, 2015). Current research has shown that fifty percent of college students report daytime sleepiness and seventy percent experience insufficient sleep (Hershner, 2014). This can adversely affect one’s academic performance due to sleep having vital biological effects on the human body (Gaultney, 2010). According to The American Academy of Sleep Medicine, students that maintain a sufficient amount of sleep per night performed better on memory and motor tasks than students deprived of sleep (“College Students”, 2015). -
Sleep, Its Attributes, Deprivation & Hygiene: a Recapitulation
Review Article Annals of Sleep Medicine Research Published: 21 Jun, 2019 Sleep, Its Attributes, Deprivation & Hygiene: A Recapitulation Priyanka Malhotra* Nursing in Mental Health Nursing From PGIMER, Chandigarh, India Presently working as Nursing Tutor, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India Abstract Sleep is a biological and behavioral phenomenon that has been studied from many different perspectives. Today it is clear that sleep quantity and quality is related to the development of chronic diseases and even mental disorders. However, many people ignore their sleep habits and fail to take active steps to adopt sleep hygiene practices preferring instead to relay on non-prescribed or prescribed pharmacological products. As a result of the potential consequences of sleep deprivation, health care professionals should be vigilant of how managing underlying medical conditions may help to optimize sleep continuity and consider prescribing interventions that minimize sleep disruption. Keywords: Sleep; Sleep deprivation; Sleep hygiene Introduction Almost every night we are engaging ourselves in a sound sleep. However, pattern of sleep and its features vary from person to person. Various body functions such as metabolism, appetite, cardiovascular system, and immune system has been maintained and regulated by sleep. Hence, for the optimum level of health, sleep is an important factor [1,2]. Sleep is a state of reduced consciousness that is relatively easy to reverse. A normal healthy sleep is distinguish by good quality, appropriate time and regularity, enough duration and without any sleep disorder and disturbance [3]. Attributes of Normal Sleep OPEN ACCESS The stages of sleep have historically been divided into one stage of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep and four stages (Stages 1-4) of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep that are characterized *Correspondence: by increasing sleep depth. -
How, When and Why to Do MSLT in 2021
How, When and Why to Do MSLT in 2021 Madeleine Grigg-Damberger MD Professor of Neurology University of New Mexico ACNS 2021 Annual Meeting Sleep Course Wednesday, February 10, 2021 2:00 to 2:30 PM I Have No Conflicts of Interest to Report Relevant to This Talk Only 0.5-5% of people referred to sleep centers have hypersomnia Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1) without easy identifiable cause. Narcolepsy Type 2 (NT2) Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) Central Hypersomnias Central Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in people Symptomatic narcolepsies referred to sleep centers is most often due medical/psychiatric disorders, insufficient sleep and/or substances. Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) • Most widely accepted objective polygraphic test to confirm: a) Pathologic daytime sleepiness; b) Inappropriate early appearance of REM sleep after sleep onset. • Measures of physiological tendency to fall asleep in absence of alerting factors; • Considered a valid, reliable, objective measure of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). REFs: 1) Sleep 1986;9:519-524. 2) Sleep 1982;5:S67-S72; 3) Practice parameters for clinical use of MSLT and MWT. SLEEP 2005;28(1):113-21. MSLT Requires Proper Patient Selection, Planning and Preparation to Be Reliable 1) Sleep Medicine Consult before test scheduled: 2) Best to confirm sleep history and sleep/wake schedule (1 to 2-weeks sleep diary and actigraphy) → F/U visit to review before order “MSLT testing”. 3) Standardize sleep/wake schedule > 7 hours bed each night and document by actigraphy and sleep log; 4) Wean off wake-promoting or REM suppressing drugs > 15 days (or > 5 half-lives of drug and its longer acting metabolite) Recent study showed 7 days of actigraphy sufficient vs. -
Sleep Disturbance in MS
SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Abbey J. Hughes, PhD Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary of MS Sleep Research .......................................................................................................................... 3 Emerging Treatments for Sleep Disturbance in MS .................................................................................... 6 Tips for Assessing Your Sleep – Worksheet .................................................................................................. 8 Additional Tools and Resources.......................................................................................................................... 9 References ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1 Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by loss of myelin (demyelination) and damage to nerve fibers (neurodegeneration) in the central nervous system (CNS). MS is associated with a diverse range of physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, and can significantly interfere with daily functioning and overall quality of life. MS directly impacts the CNS by causing demyelinating lesions, or plaques, in the brain, -
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Enhances Depression Outcome in Patients with Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder and Insomnia
INSOMNIA AND DEPRESSION Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Enhances Depression Outcome in Patients with Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder and Insomnia Rachel Manber, PhD1; Jack D. Edinger, PhD2; Jenna L. Gress, BA1; Melanie G. San Pedro-Salcedo, MA1; Tracy F. Kuo, PhD1; Tasha Kalista, MA1 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA; 2VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC Study Objective: Insomnia impacts the course of major depressive severity index (ISI), daily sleep diaries, and actigraphy. disorder (MDD), hinders response to treatment, and increases risk for EsCIT + CBTI resulted in a higher rate of remission of depression depressive relapse. This study is an initial evaluation of adding cogni- (61.5%) than EsCIT + CTRL (33.3%). EsCIT + CBTI was also associat- tive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) to the antidepressant medi- ed with a greater remission from insomnia (50.0%) than EsCIT + CTRL cation escitalopram (EsCIT) in individuals with both disorders. (7.7%) and larger improvement in all diary and actigraphy measures of Design and setting: A randomized, controlled, pilot study in a single sleep, except for total sleep time. academic medical center. Conclusion: This pilot study provides evidence that augmenting an Participants: 30 individuals (61% female, mean age 35±18) with MDD antidepressant medication with a brief, symptom focused, cognitive- and insomnia. behavioral therapy for insomnia is promising for individuals with MDD Interventions: EsCIT and 7 individual therapy sessions of CBTI or and comorbid insomnia in terms of alleviating both depression and in- CTRL (quasi-desensitization). somnia. Measurements and results: Depression was assessed with the Keywords: Major depressive disorder, Insomnia, Cognitive behavioral HRSD17 and the depression portion of the SCID, administered by raters therapy, Remission masked to treatment assignment, at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8, and Citation: Manber R; Edinger JD; Gress JL; San Pedro-Salcedo MG; 12 weeks of treatment. -
Differences in Polysomnographic, Nocturnal Penile Tumescence and Penile Doppler Ultrasound Findings in Men with Stuttering Priap
IJIR: Your Sexual Medicine Journal www.nature.com/ijir ARTICLE OPEN Differences in polysomnographic, nocturnal penile tumescence and penile doppler ultrasound findings in men with stuttering priapism and sleep-related painful erections 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mark Johnson , Venkata McNeillis ✉, Julia Gutbier , Andy Eaton , Robert Royston , Thomas Johnson , Giovanni Chiriaco , Miles Walkden1 and David Ralph 1 © The Author(s) 2021 Men with Stuttering Priapism (SP) and sleep-related painful erections (SRPE) experience bothersome nocturnal painful erections resulting in poor sleep. The aim of this study is to observe common features and differences between men with SP and SRPE based on polysomnography, nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), and penile doppler ultrasound (PDU). This is a prospective cohort study of 20 participants divided into two groups (Group 1 = SP [n = 12]; Group 2 = SRPE [n = 8]) with bothersome painful nocturnal erections. All participants were referred to the sleep disorder clinic to be assessed and consented for overnight polysomnography with simultaneous NPT recording and to complete validated sleep, sexual dysfunction and health-related quality of life questionnaires. Unstimulated PDU was also performed. Abnormal Polysomnographic findings (reduced sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and awake after sleep onset) were identified in both groups suggesting poor sleep. Men with SP had significantly longer erections (60.0 vs 18.5; p = 0.002) and took longer to detumesce once awake (25.7 vs 5.4 min; p = 0.001) than men with SRPE. They also had significantly higher peak systolic and end diastolic velocities on unstimulated PDU with an abnormal low resistance waveform identified. No sleep pathology was identified in men with SP. -
Sleep and Mental Wellbeing Exploring the Links
Sleep and mental wellbeing Exploring the links Technical report prepared by Kate Bartel, Cele Richardson and Michael Gradisar vichealth.vic.gov.au © VicHealth 2018 April 2018 P-MW-604 Suggested citation Bartel, K, Richardson, C & Gradisar M 2018, Sleep and mental wellbeing: exploring the links, Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, Melbourne. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the helpful comments of Emeritus Professor Dorothy Bruck, Chair of the Sleep Health Foundation, on an earlier draft of this report. Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... i Key definitions .......................................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... vii Executive summary ............................................................................................................................... viii Australian sleep patterns .................................................................................................................. viii Sleep and mental health.................................................................................................................... viii Lifestyle factors associated with sleep ............................................................................................. -
Parasomnias Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet Parasomnias Overview Parasomnias are unusual things we do or experience while asleep or while partially asleep. Almost everyone has a nightmare from time to time. When someone has nightmares frequently, and they are very distressed about them, they may have Nightmare Disorder. Nightmare Disorder is considered a parasomnia since it is an unpleasant event that occurs while asleep. The term parasomnia is much broader than nightmares, and a person with Nightmare Disorder has more than just the occasional nightmare event. In addition to Nightmare Disorder, other common parasomnia events include: REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) Sleep paralysis Sleepwalking Confusional arousals What are common parasomnias? Typically parasomnias are classified by whether they occur during the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or Non- REM sleep. People with an REM parasomnia are more likely to recall their unusual sleep behaviors (for example, nightmare) than those with a Non-REM parasomnia (for example, sleepwalking). REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) Most dreaming occurs in REM sleep. During REM sleep, most of our body muscles are paralyzed to prevent us from acting out our dreams. In REM Behavior Disorder (RBD), a person does not have this protective paralysis during REM sleep. Therefore, they might “act out” their dream. Since dreams may involve violence and protecting oneself, a person acting out their dream may injure themselves or their bed partner. The person will usually recall the dream, but not realize that they were actually moving while asleep. Sleep Paralysis and Sleep Hallucinations During REM sleep our muscles are paralyzed to keep us from acting out our dreams. -
Normal and Delayed Sleep Phases
1 Overview • Introduction • Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders – DSPS – Non-24 • Diagnosis • Treatment • Research Issues • Circadian Sleep Disorders Network © 2014 Circadian Sleep Disorders Network 2 Circadian Rhythms • 24 hours 10 minutes on average • Entrained to 24 hours (zeitgebers) • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) – the master clock • ipRGC cells (intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells) © 2014 Circadian Sleep Disorders Network 3 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders • Definition – A circadian rhythm sleep disorder is an abnormality of the body’s internal clock, in which a person is unable to fall asleep at a normal evening bedtime, although he is able to sleep reasonably well at other times dictated by his internal rhythm. • Complaints – Insomnia – Excessive daytime sleepiness • Inflexibility • Coordination with other circadian rhythms © 2014 Circadian Sleep Disorders Network 4 Circadian Sleep Disorder Subtypes* • Delayed Sleep-Phase Syndrome (G47.21**) • Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (G47.24) • Advanced Sleep-Phase Syndrome (G47.22) • Irregular Sleep-Wake Pattern (G47.23) • Shift Work Sleep Disorder (G47.26) • Jet Lag Syndrome * From The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised (ICSD-R) ** ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes in parentheses © 2014 Circadian Sleep Disorders Network 5 Definition of DSPS from The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised (ICSD-R): • Sleep-onset and wake times that are intractably later than desired • Actual sleep-onset times at nearly the same daily clock hour • Little or no reported difficulty in maintaining sleep once sleep has begun • Extreme difficulty awakening at the desired time in the morning, and • A relatively severe to absolute inability to advance the sleep phase to earlier hours by enforcing conventional sleep and wake times.